CN105551541B - Reactor core melt grouping trapping and cooling system - Google Patents
Reactor core melt grouping trapping and cooling system Download PDFInfo
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- CN105551541B CN105551541B CN201510941172.3A CN201510941172A CN105551541B CN 105551541 B CN105551541 B CN 105551541B CN 201510941172 A CN201510941172 A CN 201510941172A CN 105551541 B CN105551541 B CN 105551541B
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- melt
- cooling
- trapping
- smelt
- cooling system
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C9/00—Emergency protection arrangements structurally associated with the reactor, e.g. safety valves provided with pressure equalisation devices
- G21C9/016—Core catchers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/18—Emergency cooling arrangements; Removing shut-down heat
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/18—Emergency cooling arrangements; Removing shut-down heat
- G21C15/182—Emergency cooling arrangements; Removing shut-down heat comprising powered means, e.g. pumps
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Abstract
The invention relates to a reactor core melt grouping trapping and cooling system, which comprises a grouping trapping system arranged at the bottom of a reactor cavity of a reactor and a cooling system arranged below the grouping trapping system; the group trapping system comprises a melt distribution device, a melt trapping container arranged corresponding to the melt distribution device, and a trapping container transfer device arranged below the melt trapping container and used for transferring the melt trapping container to the cooling system; the cooling system comprises a smelt cooling water pool and a cooling loop of the smelt cooling water pool. The group trapping and cooling system provided by the invention can increase the heat exchange area between the reactor core melt and the cooling water, and improve the derived power of the decay heat of the melt; after the reactor core melts are captured in groups and cooled, the post-accident treatment work of the reactor is greatly simplified, and the irradiation dose of workers can be obviously reduced; the cooling mode of the reactor core melt by air cooling and water cooling is more reliable, and the long-term safety of the nuclear power plant after a serious accident is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a reactor core melt out-of-core trapping system, and particularly relates to a reactor core melt grouping trapping and cooling system.
Background
After a serious accident of a Sanriema and a Chernobeli nuclear power station, the nuclear power boundary starts to concentrate strength to research and attack the prevention and consequence alleviation of the serious accident, and various conclusions clearly define the requirements on the aspects of preventing and alleviating the serious accident, improving the safety and reliability, improving the human factor engineering and the like. When a pressurized water reactor nuclear power station has a serious accident, the loss of the waste heat discharging means of the reactor core can evaporate and exhaust the coolant, the reactor core is exposed and continuously heated, the fuel elements are melted due to the loss of cooling, the molten reactor core falls into the lower cavity of the pressure vessel (RPV), the lower seal head of the pressure vessel is failed, and if effective measures cannot be taken to cool the pressure vessel, the molten reactor core can melt through the pressure vessel. After the pressure vessel is melted through, the melt is directly sprayed onto the raft foundation of the containment vessel to interact with structural concrete (MCCI), the raft foundation of the containment vessel is gradually eroded downwards at a higher speed within a certain time, if the thickness of the raft foundation is insufficient, the bottom plate can be melted through, the integrity of the containment vessel is damaged, and then radioactive substances directly enter soil to cause serious influence on the environment. To avoid the release of large-scale radioactive materials by the core melt, the associated design of the core catcher has gradually emerged. At present, aiming at serious accidents, the cooling and collecting strategies of the reactor core melt can be mainly divided into two strategies: cooling and holding (IVR) of the melt in the pressure vessel, adopted in the model AP1000 design in the united states; outside pressure vessel smelt cooling and collection (EVR) was employed in the WWER1000 model in russia and the EPR model in france. The WWER1000 model adopts a 'crucible' type reactor core catcher, which is an independent container structure positioned at the lower part of a pressure container and mainly comprises a lower bottom plate, sacrificial materials and a fan-shaped heat exchanger. The EPR type adopts "spreading" formula reactor core catcher, and under the severe accident condition, the reactor core forms flowable liquid melt, directly flows into the reactor pit, and the melt reacts with pit sacrificial concrete under the high temperature effect, melts sacrificial concrete gradually, reaches the function of primary cooling, collection melt.
Regarding the research of the reactor core catcher, the foreign starting is early, and related patents are more, such as: a Core catcher for nuclear reactor Core meltdown containment (US4113560), a patent of american university of massachusetts in 1978, which can be considered as a design prototype of EVR; french atomic energy agency, corecather device (US4280872), a patent in 1981, which raised the EVR technology to the level of engineering application; the 1982 patent, Molten core catcher and containing heat removal system (US4,342,621) proposed the use of heat pipe technology for EVR; the United states department of energy, 1983 patent, Combination pipe transmitter and in-vehicle core catcher (US4,412,969), first proposed the concept of IVR; also relevant are retrofitable Nuclear reactor Core capturer (US4442065), Nuclear reactor ordered with a Core capturer (US5263066), Nuclear reactor encapsulation with an access capturer device and method for the extraction of the filter by natural circulation (US 5343506), Core reactor encapsulation by heat pipe (US6353651), Core reactor coating (US7558360), Core reactor, and reactor heating of reaction vessel and production method (US8358732), and the like. The research on the reactor core catcher in China is gradually increased after the WWER nuclear power system is introduced from Russia, and a series of patents are formed after the U.S. AP1000 nuclear power technology is introduced, such as: a patent applied in our country in russia 2007, namely an EVR scheme of WWER, a damaged liner positioning and cooling system (CN200410031091.1) of LWR nuclear reactors; a patent technology formed in the WWER construction process in 2010 by twenty-three construction Limited company in the mesonuclear industry, namely a method for installing a reactor core catcher of a nuclear power station (CN 201010529073.1); korean patent No. 2010, core catcher with integrated cooling channel (CN201080068588.4), which is mainly aimed at cooling of melt cover floor; the reactor core catcher of the large passive pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant (CN201310005308.0) with a melt expansion chamber, a device (CN201310264749.2) combining the melt in-reactor and out-reactor detention of the large passive pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant, a device (CN201320007203.4) combining the melt in-reactor and out-reactor detention of the large passive pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant with the melt expansion chamber, a device (CN201320347 007347.X) combining the melt in-reactor and out-reactor detention of the large passive pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant, and a reactor core catcher (CN 201201320007522) with the water injection superposition external cooling at the bottom are introduced by Shanghai and engineering research and design institute in AP 1000.
None of the above-mentioned core catcher related patents consider the use of separate vessels to catch and cool the core melt groups.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a reactor core melt group trapping and cooling system, aiming at realizing the purpose that under the working condition that a reactor pressure vessel has serious accidents, the reactor core melt is trapped and cooled in groups by a plurality of independent melt packaging containers, the decay heat derived power of the melt is improved, and the failure of a protection barrier caused by local overheating is avoided.
In order to achieve the above purposes, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the reactor core melt grouping and collecting and cooling system comprises a grouping and collecting system arranged at the bottom of a reactor cavity and a cooling system arranged below the grouping and collecting system, wherein the grouping and collecting system comprises a melt distribution device, a plurality of melt collecting containers arranged below the melt distribution device and a collecting container transfer device arranged below the plurality of melt collecting containers and used for transferring the melt collecting containers to the cooling system, and the melt distribution device is connected with the plurality of melt collecting containers through respective melt transfer channels; the cooling system comprises a smelt cooling water pool and a cooling circuit of the smelt cooling water pool.
Further, the smelt distribution device is a multi-hole grid, with each hole in the grid corresponding to each smelt trap vessel.
Further, a plurality of the smelt trap vessels are secured by smelt trap vessel securing structures.
Further, the collecting container transfer device comprises a collecting container transfer device supporting structure and brackets arranged on two sides of the collecting container transfer device supporting structure, wherein the brackets are in a conical inclined plane, a groove or a pipeline structure.
Further, the melt distribution device is composed of three layers of materials, wherein the outermost layer is a sacrificial layer which is cured at high temperature, the middle layer is a high-temperature-resistant ceramic-based composite layer, and the innermost layer is a high-temperature-resistant metal or ceramic layer.
Further, the melt collecting container is a rotatable body which is easily rolled.
Further, the melt cooling water tank is of an integral structure or a split structure; the cooling loop of the melt cooling water pool comprises a circulating cooling water pump, an air cooler and a heat exchanger which are connected in sequence.
Further, the group catch system is a tree structure including a tapered slope, a smelt through-flow hole provided on the tapered slope, and a suspension structure provided below the smelt through-flow hole for suspending the smelt trap vessel.
The invention has the beneficial technical effects that:
(1) the heat exchange area between the molten material of the reactor core and the cooling water is enlarged by group capture, so that the decay heat derived power of the molten material is improved, and the failure of a protection barrier caused by local overheating is avoided;
(2) after the reactor core melts are captured in groups and cooled, the post-accident treatment work of the reactor is greatly simplified, and the irradiation dose of workers can be obviously reduced;
(3) the active and passive combined air cooling and water cooling combined reactor core melt cooling mode is more reliable, and the long-term safety of the nuclear power plant after a serious accident is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a core smelt group capture and cooling system of the present invention;
FIG. 2a is a schematic diagram of a single-level tree packet capture system;
FIG. 2b is a top view of FIG. 2 a;
FIG. 2c is a schematic structural view of the suspension structure of FIG. 2 a;
FIG. 3a is a schematic diagram of a multi-level tree packet capture system;
FIG. 3b is an enlarged view at A in FIG. 3 a;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the spherical core melt trapping vessel.
In the figure, 01, a reactor pressure vessel, 02, a reactor cavity, 03, core melt, 04, melt distribution device, 05, melt transfer channel, 06, melt trapping vessel, 07, melt trapping vessel fixing structure, 08, trapping vessel transfer device, 09, trapping vessel transfer device supporting structure, 10, melt cooling water tank of separation structure, 11, melt cooling water tank of integral structure, 12, circulating cooling water pump, 13, air cooler, 14, heat exchanger, 15, boiling and evaporating cooling water vapor, 16, emergency water supply line, 17, conical slope, 18, melt through hole, 19, suspension structure, 20, housing, 21, inner container 22, 23, melt inlet
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the core melt group catching and cooling system provided by the invention comprises a group catching system and a cooling system. The group catching system comprises a melt distribution device 04, a plurality of melt transfer channels 05, a plurality of melt catching containers 06, a melt catching container fixing structure 07 and a catching container transfer device 08; the smelt distributing device 04 is disposed at the bottom of the reactor cavity 02, the plurality of smelt trap vessels 06 are disposed below the smelt distributing device 04 and connected to the smelt distributing device 04 via the plurality of smelt transfer channels 05, the plurality of smelt trap vessels 06 are fixed to the smelt trap vessel fixing structure 07, and the trap vessel transfer device 08 is disposed below the smelt trap vessel fixing structure 07 for transferring the smelt trap vessels 06 to the cooling system. The cooling system comprises a smelt cooling water pool and a cooling loop of the smelt cooling water pool.
Wherein the melt distribution device 04 is a multi-layer grid structure made of a sacrificial material with an outermost layer, and can be cured at high temperature, such as Fe2O3、Al2O3Etc.; the middle layer is made of high-temperature resistant ceramic matrix composite materials such as SiC, SiN and the like; the innermost layer is made of high temperature resistant structural material, such as high temperature resistant goldGenus or ceramic.
The inlet of each melt transfer channel 05 corresponds one-to-one to the outflow openings in the grid of the melt distribution device 04, and the outlet of each melt transfer channel 05 corresponds one-to-one to the inlet of each melt collection vessel 06.
The smelt trap vessel 06 may be a body of revolution that is easily rolled, such as a sphere, ellipsoid, or a polyhedron with rounded edges. Fig. 4 shows a spherical smelt trapping vessel including a casing 20 and an inner vessel 21 provided in the casing, wherein inlet ports 22 and 23 for molten core are provided in both the casing and the inner vessel.
The smelt trap vessel securing device 07 may lose mechanical strength at high temperatures, causing the smelt trap vessel 06 to lose its securement, and may be made of plastic or other materials having a relatively low softening temperature.
The collecting container transferring device 08 includes a collecting container transferring device supporting structure 09 and brackets provided on both sides of the collecting container transferring device supporting structure 09, the brackets being of a downwardly inclined slope, a groove or a pipe structure. The smelt trap tank 06, after losing its hold by the smelt trap tank holding means 07, may roll down along the trap tank transfer means 08 and fall into the smelt cooling water tank.
The melt cooling water tank is a melt cooling water tank 11 of an integral structure or a melt cooling water tank 10 of a separate structure. The melt cooling water tank is provided with an emergency water replenishing pipeline 16, so that the melt cooling water tank can be replenished with water in time. The cooling loop of the smelt cooling water tank, which is used for cooling the smelt cooling water tank in a circulating manner, comprises a circulating cooling water pump 12, an air cooler 13 and a heat exchanger 14 connected in sequence. The cooling system of the invention combines the passive active cooling with the core melt cooling mode of air cooling and water cooling, namely after a melt collecting container falls into a cooling water pool, the melt collecting container is combined with air by boiling and evaporating cooling steam 15 for cooling, and is circularly cooled by a cooling loop.
As shown in fig. 2a-2c, 3a-3b, as another embodiment of the group trapping system of the present invention, the group trapping system may employ a single-layered tree structure or a multi-layered tree structure including a tapered slope 17, a smelt through-flow hole 18 provided on the tapered slope 17, and a suspension structure 19 provided below the smelt through-flow hole 18 for placing a smelt trap vessel. The group catch system is characterized by a tapered slope 17 as a catch container transfer means 08, a plurality of smelt through flow holes 18 as smelt transfer channels 05, and a smelt suspension 19 as smelt catch container holding means 07. The grouping trapping system has compact structure and small occupied space.
In summary, in the trapping and cooling system of the present invention, under a severe condition of the reactor pressure vessel 01, the core melt 03 is divided to the plurality of melt transfer channels 05 by the melt distribution device 04, and is injected into the plurality of independent melt trapping vessels 06 by the plurality of melt transfer channels 05, at this time, the melt trapping vessel fixing device 07 releases the particular melt trapping vessel 06 by waxing after being filled with the melt, and loses its fixation, and the melt trapping vessel 06 filled with the melt is transferred to the melt cooling water pool by the trapping vessel transferring device 08.
The core melt classifying and collecting and cooling system according to the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and those skilled in the art can derive other embodiments according to the technical solution of the present invention, which also falls within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The reactor core melt grouping and collecting and cooling system comprises a grouping and collecting system arranged at the bottom of a reactor cavity (02) and a cooling system arranged below the grouping and collecting system, and is characterized in that: the group catching system comprises a melt distribution device (04), a plurality of melt catching containers (06) arranged below the melt distribution device (04), and a catching container transfer device (08) arranged below the plurality of melt catching containers (06) and used for transferring the melt catching containers to the cooling system, wherein the melt distribution device (04) is connected with the plurality of melt catching containers (06) through respective melt transfer channels (05); the plurality of the smelt trapping containers (06) are fixed by a smelt trapping container fixing structure (07), the smelt trapping container fixing structure (07) can lose mechanical strength under high temperature conditions to enable the smelt trapping containers (06) to lose fixation, and the smelt trapping containers (06) are easy-to-roll rotating bodies; the cooling system comprises a smelt cooling water pool and a cooling circuit of the smelt cooling water pool.
2. The core melt-segregated group containment and cooling system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the smelt distribution device (04) is in the shape of a perforated grid, and each hole on the grid corresponds to each smelt trap container.
3. The core melt-segregated group containment and cooling system as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the collecting container transfer device (08) comprises a collecting container transfer device supporting structure (09) and brackets arranged on two sides of the collecting container transfer device supporting structure (09), wherein the brackets are in a conical inclined plane, a groove or a pipeline structure.
4. The core melt-segregated group containment and cooling system as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the melt distribution device (04) is composed of three layers of materials, wherein the outermost layer is a sacrificial layer which is waxed at high temperature, the middle layer is a high-temperature-resistant ceramic-based composite layer, and the innermost layer is a high-temperature-resistant metal or ceramic layer.
5. The core melt-classifying and collecting and cooling system as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the melt cooling water pool is of an integral structure or a split structure; the cooling loop of the melt cooling water pool comprises a circulating cooling water pump (12), an air cooler (13) and a heat exchanger (14) which are connected in sequence.
6. The core melt-segregated group containment and cooling system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the group catching system is of a tree structure and comprises a conical inclined surface (17), a melt through hole (18) arranged on the conical inclined surface (17) and a suspension structure (19) arranged below the melt through hole (18) and used for suspending a melt catching container.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201510941172.3A CN105551541B (en) | 2015-12-16 | 2015-12-16 | Reactor core melt grouping trapping and cooling system |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201510941172.3A CN105551541B (en) | 2015-12-16 | 2015-12-16 | Reactor core melt grouping trapping and cooling system |
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| CN105551541A CN105551541A (en) | 2016-05-04 |
| CN105551541B true CN105551541B (en) | 2020-06-23 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2749995C1 (en) * | 2020-11-10 | 2021-06-21 | Акционерное Общество "Атомэнергопроект" | System for localization and cooling of core melt of nuclear reactor |
| RU2782957C1 (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2022-11-07 | Игорь Иванович Шмаль | Device for localization of melt of core of pressurized water reactor |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106251915A (en) * | 2016-08-16 | 2016-12-21 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | The reactor core fused mass catcher that a kind of pressure is sprawled |
| CN106525895B (en) * | 2016-11-11 | 2018-12-07 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of extension of high-temperature molten is jammed experimental provision and experimental method |
| CN107978378B (en) * | 2017-10-19 | 2021-06-25 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | Reactor core melt trapping device |
| CN115579158B (en) * | 2022-09-09 | 2023-08-22 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | Reactor core melt piece cooling device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| IT1228999B (en) * | 1989-04-13 | 1991-07-12 | Ente Naz Energia Elettrica | PROTECTION SYSTEM OF THE REACTOR CONTAINMENT BUILDING IN NUCLEAR POWER STATIONS. |
| GB2263188A (en) * | 1992-01-13 | 1993-07-14 | Nnc Ltd | Heat transfer |
| KR101005668B1 (en) * | 2010-06-14 | 2011-01-05 | 한국전력기술 주식회사 | Core-catcher with unified cooling water flow path |
| CN103377723A (en) * | 2012-04-27 | 2013-10-30 | 上海核工程研究设计院 | Type-III out-of-core melt retention device after nuclear power station accidents |
| CN103377720B (en) * | 2012-04-27 | 2016-01-27 | 上海核工程研究设计院 | Out-pile fused mass arresting device after a kind of nuclear power plant accident |
| CN104051030B (en) * | 2013-09-16 | 2017-02-22 | 国核（北京）科学技术研究院有限公司 | Passive core melt trapping system |
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2015
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2749995C1 (en) * | 2020-11-10 | 2021-06-21 | Акционерное Общество "Атомэнергопроект" | System for localization and cooling of core melt of nuclear reactor |
| WO2022103302A1 (en) * | 2020-11-10 | 2022-05-19 | Акционерное Общество "Атомэнергопроект" | System for confining and cooling melt from the core of a nuclear reactor |
| RU2782957C1 (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2022-11-07 | Игорь Иванович Шмаль | Device for localization of melt of core of pressurized water reactor |
| RU219060U1 (en) * | 2023-05-15 | 2023-06-27 | Акционерное Общество "Атомэнергопроект" | MELT LOCALIZATION DEVICE |
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| CN105551541A (en) | 2016-05-04 |
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