CN105551539A - Reactor melt out-of-core retention system - Google Patents
Reactor melt out-of-core retention system Download PDFInfo
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- CN105551539A CN105551539A CN201510920405.1A CN201510920405A CN105551539A CN 105551539 A CN105551539 A CN 105551539A CN 201510920405 A CN201510920405 A CN 201510920405A CN 105551539 A CN105551539 A CN 105551539A
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- expansion
- reactor
- cooling subsystem
- fused mass
- cooling
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C9/00—Emergency protection arrangements structurally associated with the reactor, e.g. safety valves provided with pressure equalisation devices
- G21C9/016—Core catchers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/18—Emergency cooling arrangements; Removing shut-down heat
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Structure Of Emergency Protection For Nuclear Reactors (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a reactor melt out-of-core retention system comprising a collection and retention device arranged at the bottom of a reactor pit of a reactor; the collection and retention device and the reactor pit of the reactor communicate via a melting plug arranged at the top of the collection and retention device; the collection and retention device is internally provided with an expansion and cooling subsystem; the expansion and cooling subsystem includes an expansion and cooling subsystem main body; the expansion and cooling subsystem main body is a plate-like spiral body, a plurality of cooling pipes are arranged inside the expansion and cooling subsystem main body, two ends of the plurality of cooling pipes are respectively connected with a water delivery inlet pipeline of the expansion and cooling subsystem and a water delivery outlet pipeline of the expansion and cooling subsystem, and the water delivery inlet pipeline of the expansion and cooling subsystem and the water delivery outlet pipeline of the expansion and cooling subsystem communicate through a condenser. When a serious accident of reactor core meltdown happens in a nuclear power plant, the out-of-core retention system can rapidly and effectively expand and cool reactor core melts in a small space to a greatest extent, so as to reduce a reactor pit melt-through risk and a radioactive material release risk, and improve the safety of the reactor accidents.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to reactor disaster prevention and mitigation technique field, be specifically related to a kind of reactor fused mass out-pile gaseous-waste holdup system.
Background technology
China at present build and run tens of seat large-scale two generation modified nuclear power plant, but majority do not arrange effective out-pile fused mass gaseous-waste holdup system.After Fukushima, Japan accident, nuclear plant safety problem particularly for major accident prevention and to alleviate more slope urgent.At present under major accident, the cooling of reactor core fused mass be detained strategy and mainly can be divided into two kinds: the 1) cooling of fused mass and maintenance (IVR) in pressure vessel, is applied in the AP-1000 type of US Westinghouse company designs; 2) the outer fused mass cooling of pressure vessel and collection (EVR), be applied in the advanced pressurized water reactor EPR type that VVER-1000 type and the French ANP of Russia's design design, nineteen ninety-five French CE A once proposed (to be respectively MgAl from inside to outside by 3-layer composite material
2o
4, ZrO
2, steel) and construct the test-tube type crucible closed one end, and the trapping scheme of external refrigeration is carried out in arrangement in groups.For out-pile cooling strategy, Muscovite VVER-1000 " crucible " formula drip catcher combines the non-active design feature for water cooling fused mass inclusion body metal surface of AP600 and European advanced pressurized water reactor reactor core catcher improves fused mass characteristic by expendable material and reduces the technical characterstic of heat flow density; The mentality of designing of ANP " expansion " the formula reactor core catcher of France makes fused mass flow directly into reactor pit; fused mass and reactor pit sacrificial concrete generation chemical reaction under high temperature action; melt sacrificial concrete gradually; reach preliminary cooling, collect the function of fused mass; and whole chemical reaction process carries out under the protection of reactor pit protective seam; guarantee that fused mass can not penetrate reactor pit and enter structural concrete, to control nuclear radiation diffusion.The domestic research about reactor core catcher also has Patents to appear in the newspapers, as Shanghai Institute of Nuclear Engineering I, II, IV type bottom opening jet chimney wall type reactor core melt retention device (CN103377724A, CN103377723A, CN103377720A), there is the reactor core catcher (CN103081023A) of integrated cooling duct, bottom water injection superposes the large-scale passive nuclear plant reactor core catcher (CN103177778A) of external refrigeration and has the large-scale passive PWR nuclear power plant reactor core catcher (CN103165198A) etc. of fused mass propagation chamber.
But above patent does not all relate to multi-layer helical expansion cooled and is detained, do not realize the diffuse layer by layer of fused mass under original state controlled condition to cool and recycling of condensed steam design yet, thus can based on above-mentioned thinking, research and development cooling power is strong, take up room less, the reactor core melt retention system that safe and reliable efficiency is higher.
Summary of the invention
For the defect existed in prior art, the invention provides a kind of reactor fused mass out-pile gaseous-waste holdup system, when the major accident that nuclear power station generation reactor core melts down, can realize, in little space, reactor core fused mass is at utmost fast and effeciently expanded cooling, thus reduce the release risk of reactor pit burn through and radiomaterial, improve the security under reactor accident.
For reaching above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is: provide a kind of reactor fused mass out-pile gaseous-waste holdup system, comprise and be arranged on collection bottom reactor pit and arresting device, this collection is connected with the melting plug at arresting device top by being arranged on to collect with reactor pit with arresting device, expansion and cooling subsystem is provided with in described collection and arresting device, this expansion and cooling subsystem comprise expansion and cooling subsystem main body, this expansion and cooling subsystem main body are tabular conveyor screw, its inside arranges many cooling ducts, the two ends of many described cooling ducts are connected with cooling subsystem water delivery discharge pipe with expansion and cooling subsystem water delivery source line and expanding respectively, expansion and cooling subsystem water delivery source line and being connected by condenser between expansion and cooling subsystem water delivery discharge pipe.
Further, described tabular conveyor screw is many Material claddings structure, it metal guide thermosphere comprising top sacrifice layer, bottom sacrifice layer and be arranged between top sacrifice layer and bottom sacrifice layer, and many described cooling ducts are arranged in metal guide thermosphere.
Further, heat-resistant stable layer is equipped with between described top sacrifice layer and metal guide thermosphere and between bottom sacrifice layer and metal guide thermosphere.
Further, the below of the described tabular conveyor screw the superiors, close melting plug is provided with shock resistance catching device.
Further, described tabular conveyor screw is supported by the bracing or strutting arrangement running through this main center, the central support posts that this bracing or strutting arrangement comprises the bottom being arranged on collection and arresting device and the many support bars interted successively by spiral plate inclination layer around central support posts, the other end of this support bar inserts to be collected in the default fixed orifice of arresting device wall.
Further, this gaseous-waste holdup system also comprises the fused mass collection of the bottom being arranged on reactor pit and arresting device in early stage.
Further, the lower end of described melting plug is provided with temperature-detecting device.
Further, described collection and arresting device are provided with gas recovery system, and this gas recovery system comprises gas-holder and is arranged on the overpressure protection apparatus on gas-holder.
Further, described expansion and cooling subsystem water delivery source line and be also provided with built-in material-changing water tank between expansion and cooling subsystem water delivery discharge pipe.
Further, described collection and arresting device comprise the support exterior wall in outside and the heat insulation protection interior wall of inner side.
Advantageous Effects of the present invention is: (1) adopts fused mass to collect and early stage is detained design, makes the fused mass scale of construction concentrated and relatively controlled; (2) diffuse layer by layer cooling, reduces the risk that hot-fluid is concentrated; (3) adopt multilayer materials design, effectively reduce fused mass fusing point, viscosity make its Quick Extended, cooling, protect body construction not to be destroyed simultaneously; (4) can be collected by condenser after the water-band thermal evaporation of cooling duct, improve the utilization factor at water source, the retracting device simultaneously putting waste gas to harmful band effectively can realize radioactivity and contain; (5) whole system adopts three-dimensional expansion cooling, and take up room limited, resource utilization is high.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The structural drawing of Fig. 1 reactor fused mass out-pile gaseous-waste holdup system;
The sectional view of Fig. 2 expansion and cooling subsystem main body;
The structural representation of Fig. 3 expansion and cooling subsystem main body;
The structural representation of Fig. 4 expansion and cooling system main body supporting structure.
In figure, 01 pressure vessel; 02 fused mass is collected and arresting device in early stage; 03 melting plug; 04 expansion and cooling subsystem; 05 supports exterior wall; 06 heat insulation protection interior wall; 07,10 built-in material-changing water tanks; 08 condenser; 09 expansion and cooling subsystem water delivery source line; 11 collect and arresting device water-transmission line; 12 expansion and cooling subsystem water delivery discharge pipes; 13 base plates thicken sacrificial concrete layer; 14 gas-holder; 15 safety relief valves; 16 dangerous mixed gas gathering lines; 17 top sacrifice layers; 18,20 heat-resistant stable layers; 19 metal guide thermospheres; Sacrifice layer bottom 21; 22 cooling ducts; 23 expansion and cooling subsystem outers; 24 expand and edge in cooling subsystem; 25 shock resistance catching devices; 26 central support posts; 27 horizontal support bars; 28 reactor pits; 29 collect and arresting device
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.
As shown in Figure 1, the invention provides reactor fused mass out-pile gaseous-waste holdup system, this system comprises and is arranged on collection bottom reactor pit 28 and arresting device 29, this collection is connected by melting plug 03 with reactor pit 28 with arresting device 29, collect and be provided with expansion and cooling subsystem 04 in arresting device 29, being provided with fused mass in reactor pit 28 and collecting and arresting device 02 in early stage.The top of collection and arresting device is connected with gas recovery system, and the bottom of collection and arresting device is connected with cooling system.
Fused mass is collected and arresting device 02 is for having the container of upper opening in earlier stage, and the bottom of this container is provided with chamfering or in wedge shape, traversing section is from the horizontal by 1-10 °, and this device is high temperature resistant, preferred crucible.
Melting plug 03 is positioned at immediately below pressure vessel 01, itself and fused mass collect and early stage arresting device 02 connect and be stuck in and to collect and on arresting device 29, material is sacrificial concrete, rounded or rectangle, be of a size of 40cm-80cm, thickness is 20-40cm, is provided with temperature-detecting device bottom it, carry out temperature monitoring, preferred thermoelectric is even.
As Fig. 2, shown in 3, expansion and cooling subsystem 04 comprise expansion and cooling subsystem main body, this expansion and cooling subsystem main body are tabular conveyor screw, this tabular conveyor screw is many Material claddings structure, comprise top sacrifice layer 17, bottom sacrifice layer 21 and the metal guide thermosphere 19 be arranged between top sacrifice layer 17 and bottom sacrifice layer 21, the cooling duct 22 of 15-30 root parallel arrangement is provided with in metal guide thermosphere 19, heat-resistant stable layer 18 is equipped with between top sacrifice layer 17 and metal guide thermosphere 19 and between bottom sacrifice layer 21 and metal guide thermosphere 19, 20, it is interior along 24 that tabular conveyor screw upright side walls is provided with expansion and cooling subsystem outer 23 and expansion and cooling subsystem, coated many Material claddings structure.Plate on tabular conveyor screw is longitudinally having the angle of inclination between 20 °-40 °, and this angle can determine the spiral number of plies, in exhibition to also can be inside or outward-dipping 0 °-10 °, makes thinner as far as possible equably on the expanding surface of plate to make fused mass.Expansion and the cooling subsystem the superiors, be provided with shock resistance catching device 25 near the below of melting plug 03, this shock resistance catching device 25 be the sacrificial concrete platform of thickening, the fused mass come down in torrents after effectively accepting the inefficacy of melting plug with one or many.
The expansion that expansion and cooling subsystem 04 and two ends thereof connect and cooling subsystem water delivery source line 09 and form a cooling circuit between expansion with cooling subsystem water delivery discharge pipe 12, this cooling circuit is provided with successively condenser 08 and built-in material-changing water tank 07, forms chilled water and condensing hot air furnace backup system.
Expansion of the present invention and cooling subsystem, flaggy thickness can be determined by the thermal transmission requirement of reactor core afterheat heat output and material properties, top plate and the direct catalytic expendable material of fused mass have high heat capacity, low melting point also can improve the heat-absorbing material of flow characteristics (reducing with mixture viscosity after fused mass effect), can be iron oxide or aluminium oxide or both potpourris, its thickness can ensure not to be fused all the time in fused mass expansion cooling procedure, can be 20-30cm, expansion and cooling system in edge and expand and cooling system outer thicker, can not pile up and local burn through because of smelt flow changed course, high temperature heat-resistant resistant strata 18 under sacrificial material layer, 20 is optional as SiC, refractory ceramics or other compound substances, thickness can be 0.5-1.5cm, avoid hot melt to protect lower metal heat-conducting layer and cooling duct to ruin, middle metal heat-conducting layer thickness is 10-20cm, bottom sacrifice layer can protect said structure not by sacrificial concrete that heat radiation is melted.
As shown in Figure 4, expansion and cooling subsystem main body are supported by the bracing or strutting arrangement running through this expansion and cooling subsystem main center, the many support bars 27 that this bracing or strutting arrangement comprises central support posts 26 and interts successively by spiral plate inclination layer around central support posts 26, the other end of support bar 27 inserts to be collected in the default fixed orifice of arresting device 29 wall, central support posts 26 is fixed on the bottom of collection and arresting device 29, to play overall support object, support column 26 is resistant to elevated temperatures alloy or compound substance.
Collection and arresting device 29 comprise heat insulation protection interior wall 06 and are arranged on the support exterior wall 05 of heat insulation protection interior wall 06 periphery.Wherein, supporting exterior wall 05 is silicate concrete, and play support structure effect, reactor pit heat insulation protection interior wall 06 is high temperature resistant refractory material, as silica brick, magnesia brick.Collect and arresting device 29 in bottom be provided with base plate thicken sacrificial concrete 13, prevent may by cool and expand main body spilling fused mass melt reactor pit base plate.
Cooling system comprises collection and arresting device water-transmission line 11, and this collection is connected with built-in material-changing water tank 10 with one end of arresting device water-transmission line 11, and the other end is connected with arresting device 29 with collection.
Gas recovery system comprises gas-holder 14; gas-holder 14 is connected with arresting device 29 with collection by dangerous mixed gas gathering line 16; dangerous mixed gas gathering line 16 is provided with valve; gas-holder 14 is provided with overpressure protection apparatus 15, and this overpressure protection apparatus 15 is safety relief valve.Gas-holder 14 original state is negative pressure; when collecting and arresting device 29 water filling is flooded; valve open on dangerous mixed gas gathering line 16 carries out gas sampling; the overpressure protection apparatus at gas-holder 14 top; when interior pressure is more than a threshold value; safety relief valve 21 is opened, and band venting body directly will enter containment, prevents explosion.
Reactor fused mass out-pile gaseous-waste holdup system of the present invention, when the fused mass in pressure vessel 01 is from collecting with arresting device 02 and melting plug 03 flow out in earlier stage, when melting plug 03 bottom temp peak signal breaks through 1600 DEG C, chilled water is injected by the cooling duct 22 bottom stratiform conveyor screw, is flowed out by primary gravity effect and later stage Natural Circulation and by condenser 08, aqueous water is back to built-in material-changing water tank 07 again from the expansion of conveyor screw top and cooling subsystem water delivery discharge pipe 12.After fused mass and the effect of stratiform conveyor screw sacrifice layer complete and expand and make thinner, cooling system works, flood fast, cool the fused mass expanding to multilayer comprehensively, collected flooding rear issuable band venting body by gas recovery system simultaneously, when gas sampling, dangerous mixed gas gathering line gas access is kept not flood stifled.In the process that fused mass flows out, fused mass collect and early stage arresting device 02 and pressure vessel 01 below sacrificial concrete melting plug, one or many accepts the fused mass reaching hundred tons of magnitudes ejected by pressure vessel, after its abundant corrode melting plug, state obtains stable, temperature and fusing point reduce, potpourri is by collecting early stage and arresting device outflow, fused mass stops in expansion and cooling subsystem 04, after reaction a period of time, by signal trigger collection and arresting device water-transmission line 11, valve opening, chilled water is introduced by built-in material-changing water tank 10, discharge keeps expansion and cooling subsystem 04 to flood, but lower than dangerous mixed gas gathering line 16 entrance, the open and close of valve adopt water level signal feedback regulation.
Reactor core fused mass out-pile gaseous-waste holdup system of the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment, and those skilled in the art's technical scheme according to the present invention draws and other embodiment belongs to technological innovation scope of the present invention equally.
Claims (10)
1. a reactor fused mass out-pile gaseous-waste holdup system, comprise the collection and arresting device (29) that are arranged on reactor pit (28) bottom, this collection is connected with the melting plug (03) at arresting device (29) top by being arranged on to collect with reactor pit (28) with arresting device (29), it is characterized in that: in described collection and arresting device (29), be provided with expansion and cooling subsystem (04), this expansion and cooling subsystem (04) comprise expansion and cooling subsystem main body, this expansion and cooling subsystem main body are tabular conveyor screw, its inside arranges many cooling ducts (22), the two ends of many described cooling ducts (22) are connected with cooling subsystem water delivery discharge pipe (12) with expansion and cooling subsystem water delivery source line (09) and expanding respectively, expansion and cooling subsystem water delivery source line (09) and expansion with cooling subsystem water delivery discharge pipe (12) between pass through condenser (08) be connected.
2. a kind of reactor fused mass out-pile gaseous-waste holdup system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described tabular conveyor screw is many Material claddings structure, it metal guide thermosphere (19) comprising top sacrifice layer (17), bottom sacrifice layer (21) and be arranged between top sacrifice layer (17) and bottom sacrifice layer (21), many described cooling ducts (22) are arranged in metal guide thermosphere (19).
3. a kind of reactor fused mass out-pile gaseous-waste holdup system as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: be equipped with heat-resistant stable layer (18,20) between described top sacrifice layer (17) and metal guide thermosphere (19) and between bottom sacrifice layer (21) and metal guide thermosphere (19).
4. a kind of reactor fused mass out-pile gaseous-waste holdup system as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that: the below of the described tabular conveyor screw the superiors, close melting plug (03) is provided with shock resistance catching device (25).
5. a kind of reactor fused mass out-pile gaseous-waste holdup system as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that: described tabular conveyor screw is supported by the bracing or strutting arrangement running through this main center, the central support posts (26) that this bracing or strutting arrangement comprises the bottom being arranged on collection and arresting device (29) and the many support bars (27) interted successively by spiral plate inclination layer around central support posts (26), the other end of this support bar inserts to be collected in the default fixed orifice of arresting device (29) wall.
6. a kind of reactor fused mass out-pile gaseous-waste holdup system as described in any one of claim 1-5, is characterized in that: this gaseous-waste holdup system also comprises the fused mass being arranged on reactor pit (28) bottom and collects and arresting device in early stage (02).
7. a kind of reactor fused mass out-pile gaseous-waste holdup system as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that: the lower end of described melting plug (03) is provided with temperature-detecting device.
8. a kind of reactor fused mass out-pile gaseous-waste holdup system as claimed in claim 7; it is characterized in that: described collection and arresting device (29) are provided with gas recovery system, this gas recovery system comprises gas-holder (14) and is arranged on the overpressure protection apparatus (15) on gas-holder.
9. a kind of reactor fused mass out-pile gaseous-waste holdup system as claimed in claim 8, is characterized in that: described expansion and cooling subsystem water delivery source line (09) and be also provided with built-in material-changing water tank (07) between expansion with cooling subsystem water delivery discharge pipe (12).
10. a kind of reactor fused mass out-pile gaseous-waste holdup system as claimed in claim 9, is characterized in that: described collection and arresting device (29) comprise the support exterior wall (05) in outside and the heat insulation protection interior wall (06) of inner side.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510920405.1A CN105551539B (en) | 2015-12-11 | 2015-12-11 | A kind of reactor fusant out-pile gaseous-waste holdup system |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201510920405.1A CN105551539B (en) | 2015-12-11 | 2015-12-11 | A kind of reactor fusant out-pile gaseous-waste holdup system |
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| CN105551539B CN105551539B (en) | 2019-10-29 |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107218678A (en) * | 2017-05-10 | 2017-09-29 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | It is a kind of to strengthen the system of the aeration-cooling effect of radioactivity heater Dry storage |
| CN109273109A (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2019-01-25 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | A kind of fusant containment gaseous-waste holdup system |
| CN109346197A (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2019-02-15 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | A kind of coldplate, double barrier fusant contain guard system |
| CN109346196A (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2019-02-15 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | Gaseous-waste holdup system in the fusant heap that a kind of active and passive cooling combines |
| CN110321641A (en) * | 2019-07-08 | 2019-10-11 | 西安交通大学 | Fusant and concrete interaction analyzing method based on particle method |
| CN114141396A (en) * | 2021-12-09 | 2022-03-04 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | Reactor core melt cooling and collecting device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107218678A (en) * | 2017-05-10 | 2017-09-29 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | It is a kind of to strengthen the system of the aeration-cooling effect of radioactivity heater Dry storage |
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| CN109346196A (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2019-02-15 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | Gaseous-waste holdup system in the fusant heap that a kind of active and passive cooling combines |
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| CN110321641A (en) * | 2019-07-08 | 2019-10-11 | 西安交通大学 | Fusant and concrete interaction analyzing method based on particle method |
| CN114141396A (en) * | 2021-12-09 | 2022-03-04 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | Reactor core melt cooling and collecting device |
| CN114141396B (en) * | 2021-12-09 | 2022-08-30 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | Reactor core melt cooling and collecting device |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN105551539B (en) | 2019-10-29 |
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