CN114141396B - Reactor core melt cooling and collecting device - Google Patents
Reactor core melt cooling and collecting device Download PDFInfo
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- CN114141396B CN114141396B CN202111503161.9A CN202111503161A CN114141396B CN 114141396 B CN114141396 B CN 114141396B CN 202111503161 A CN202111503161 A CN 202111503161A CN 114141396 B CN114141396 B CN 114141396B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C9/00—Emergency protection arrangements structurally associated with the reactor, e.g. safety valves provided with pressure equalisation devices
- G21C9/016—Core catchers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/18—Emergency cooling arrangements; Removing shut-down heat
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Abstract
The invention discloses a reactor core melt cooling and collecting device, which is characterized in that a cooling cavity is formed by a gap between a steel collecting container and a reactor cavity, the steel collecting container is used for simultaneously carrying out layer-by-layer expanded collection and cooling on the reactor core melt, and then the reactor core melt is further cooled in the cooling cavity, so that the cooling capacity of the whole device is improved, the reactor core melt and the cooling device are of an integrated structure, the structure of the formed cooling cavity occupies less space, when a severe accident occurs to a reactor, the reactor core melt can be quickly and efficiently collected, and the melt is cooled in a passive mode to be solidified in the collecting container, so that the release of radioactive substances is reduced, and the device is safe, reliable and higher in efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of reactor core trapping, in particular to a reactor core melt cooling and collecting device.
Background
In severe accident conditions of the reactor, the materials of the fuel elements, control rods and stainless steel supports within the pressure vessel melt to form a complex mixture, collectively referred to as core melt. The temperature of the liquid reactor core melt is up to 3000 ℃, and the liquid reactor core melt can migrate to the reactor cavity after penetrating through the pressure vessel. The melt interacts with water in the reactor cavity, and steam explosion occurs to destroy the structural integrity of the reactor cavity. After the high-temperature melt is contacted with concrete, the concrete can be ablated, the reactor cavity bottom plate can be melted under the action of a long time, the integrity of the containment vessel is damaged, and radioactive substances are released to the environment. The core is damaged, melted and relocated to the pressure vessel bottom head after a severe accident, the core melt may melt through the pressure vessel bottom head, and the failure of the pressure vessel to melt through will result in many adverse consequences, such as difficulty in maintaining continuous cooling of the core melt, complete diffusion of the radioactive fission products into the containment, threat to containment integrity, and the like. Therefore, in some advanced nuclear power plants, the reactor core catcher is arranged below the pressure vessel, and the lower end socket of the pressure vessel falls down after being melted through, so that the melt cooling is continuously carried out.
The existing reactor core catcher also has many defects, the cooling device and the collecting device are independently arranged, the cooling capacity is limited, the occupied volume is large, and the reactor core melt is easy to leak after migrating between the cooling device and the collecting device, so that radioactive substances are released to the environment.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the invention aims to provide a reactor core melt cooling and collecting device, which solves the technical problems based on structural improvement, thereby reducing the risk of penetration of a stack pit and release of radioactive substances and improving the safety of a reactor under an accident.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
this scheme provides a reactor core melt cools off collection device, includes steel collecting vessel and heap chamber, the steel collecting vessel sets up and is used for collecting the reactor core melt in the heap chamber, the clearance between steel collecting vessel and the heap chamber forms the cooling chamber, and the cooling chamber is used for cooling the reactor core melt that steel collecting vessel collected.
The working principle of the scheme is as follows: the existing reactor core catcher also has many defects, the cooling device and the collecting device are independently arranged, the cooling capacity is limited, the occupied volume is large, and the reactor core melt is easy to leak after migrating between the cooling device and the collecting device, so that radioactive substances are released to the environment;
this scheme forms the cooling chamber with the clearance between steel collecting vessel and the heap chamber, has a large amount of cooling water in the cooling chamber. Carry out the successive layer extension by the steel collecting vessel to the reactor core fuse-element simultaneously and collect and cool off, water in the rethread cooling cavity carries out further cooling to steel container and reactor core fuse-element, promote the cooling capacity of whole device, and cooling collecting device is the integral structure, occupation space still less, when the reactor takes place the serious accident, can high efficiency collect the reactor core fuse-element, cool off the fuse-element with the passive mode, make its solidification in collecting vessel, reduce the release of radioactive substance, safe and reliable efficiency is higher.
Preferably, the mouth of the cavity is higher than the steel collection container, and when the molten core moves to a place other than the collection container, the cavity can prevent the molten core from splashing to a certain extent, thereby improving the safety.
In a further preferred embodiment, the steel collection container comprises: a thermal shock protective layer, a container protective layer and a steel container;
the container protection layer and the thermal shock protective layer are both arranged in the steel container, the container protection layer is tightly attached to the circumferential inner wall and the bottom inner wall of the steel container, the thermal shock protective layer is arranged above the container protection layer, the thermal shock protective layer and the container protection layer form a closed cavity A, and the top of the thermal shock protective layer is flush with the steel container.
The melt collector is a crucible-shaped steel container, protective layers of the steel container are arranged in a manner of being tightly attached to the circumferential direction of the container and the inner wall of the bottom of the container, and thermal shock protective layers are arranged at the upper end inside the steel container and used for preventing the high-temperature reactor core melt jet from directly impacting the steel container and the heat transfer pipe protective wall; the inner wall of the container is provided with fins which are inserted into the protective layer. The fins have the effects of supporting the protective layer and strengthening heat transfer; the steel container protective layer is used for preventing the high-temperature melt from directly contacting the steel container, and the steel container is prevented from being burnt through by the high-temperature melt and losing effectiveness.
The further optimization scheme is that the bottom surface of the thermal shock protective layer is sunken towards the bottom of the steel container, and the side wall of the thermal shock protective layer is tightly attached to the circumferential inner wall of the steel container and supported by the container protective layer.
Further optimization scheme does, still includes the heat-transfer pipe, and many heat-transfer pipes run through steel container lateral wall and airtight chamber A, the heat-transfer pipe runs through and upwards extends along steel container axis direction behind the steel container lateral wall, and the heat-transfer pipe extension is higher than the steel container, and the filter is installed to the entrance of heat-transfer pipe, and the height that highly is less than the heat-transfer pipe that the steel container department was worn out to the heat-transfer pipe that the heat-transfer pipe penetrated steel container department. Because a part of water vapor can be generated in the heat transfer pipe at high temperature, the gas-liquid mixed medium is arranged in the heat transfer pipe, and the heat transfer pipe in the steel container is inclined upwards for a certain angle, so that the medium in the heat transfer pipe can flow conveniently, and the heat can be better dissipated.
The part of the heat transfer pipe extending out of the steel container is upwards installed, the extending part of the heat transfer pipe is higher than the steel container, preferably higher than the mouth of the reactor cavity, so that the extending part of the heat transfer pipe is higher than the submerged water level of the reactor cavity, and water injected into the reactor cavity cannot enter the heat transfer pipeline; the filter is arranged outside the inlet at the bottom of the heat transfer pipe, so that sundries are prevented from entering the heat transfer pipe to block the medium flow in the heat transfer pipe, and the heat dissipation is accelerated.
The heat exchanger further comprises heat transfer pipe protection walls, wherein the heat transfer pipe protection walls on multiple surfaces are arranged in the closed cavity A in a pairwise parallel mode and are in contact with the thermal shock protection layer; the protective wall is provided with a communication hole, which is convenient for the melt to expand and flatten in the steel container.
Two double-row parallel protective walls are arranged in the closed chamber A, more heat transfer pipe protective walls can be arranged in a limited space, and the heat transfer efficiency is improved.
A plurality of heat transfer pipes are wrapped in each heat transfer pipe protection wall.
Preferably, a plurality of heat transfer pipes are arranged in a row at equal intervals and embedded in the heat transfer pipe protective wall, and the cross-sectional area of the heat transfer pipe is larger; when the cross section area of the used heat transfer pipeline is small, a plurality of heat transfer pipes are arranged in a multi-row mode at equal intervals and embedded into the heat transfer pipe protection wall; the number of the heat transfer pipelines and the diameter of the heat transfer pipelines are selected according to actual conditions.
Considering that the heat transfer pipe protection wall divides the closed chamber A into a plurality of spaces, if the molten core is migrated, the molten core may be accumulated in one space, therefore, the communication holes are also arranged on the heat transfer pipe protection wall to allow the molten core to flow between the heat transfer pipe protection walls, so that the molten core can be ensured to flow between the communication holes, and the molten core can be ensured to be quickly flattened in the closed chamber A so as to uniformly transfer heat.
Preferably, the communication holes should be provided at intervals between the heat transfer pipes.
After the multi-surface heat transfer pipe protection wall is contacted with the thermal shock protection layer, the multi-surface heat transfer pipe protection wall has a good supporting effect on the thermal shock protection layer so as to promote the reaction of the thermal shock protection layer and the reactor core melt; when the core melt damages one position of the thermal shock protective layer, due to the support of the protective walls of the heat transfer pipes with multiple surfaces, the thermal shock protective layer at other positions cannot be damaged quickly, and can be mixed with more core melt, so that the viscosity of the melt is reduced, the heat conduction capability of the melt is improved, the temperature of the melt is reduced, and the volume heat release rate of the melt is reduced.
The further optimization scheme is that fins are arranged on the surface of the heat transfer pipe of the part wrapped by the heat transfer pipe protection wall.
The fins are matched with the heat transfer pipe protecting wall, so that the strength of the heat transfer pipe protecting wall is enhanced, and the heat transfer effect is enhanced.
The thermal shock protective layer, the container protective layer and the heat transfer pipe protective wall are made of special ceramic materials or special concrete materials. The decomposed and melted products can be mixed with the molten material of the reactor core, the temperature and the solid-liquid phase line of the molten material are reduced, the viscosity of the molten material is reduced, the heat conduction capability of the molten material is increased, and the volume power of the molten material of the reactor core is reduced.
The further optimization scheme is that the device further comprises a support piece, wherein the support piece is arranged at the bottom of the stack cavity and used for supporting the steel container, a cavity B is formed between the support piece and the steel container, and the area of the cross section of the cavity B is gradually increased from top to bottom; and the support is provided with a through hole so that the chamber B communicates with the cooling chamber.
The area of the cross section of the cavity B is gradually increased from top to bottom, and then the area of the bottom of the supporting piece is maximum; on one hand, the steel container can be stably supported, and after the heat of the steel container is conducted to the supporting steel, the heat dissipation can be accelerated by the bottom of the large-area supporting piece.
The further optimized scheme is that the bottom surface of the steel container is a curved surface.
The bottom of the steel container is designed to be a curved surface or other special-shaped non-planar surfaces, so that the steam bubbles can quickly flow out of the outer wall surface of the steel container, and heat transfer deterioration caused by bubble aggregation can be avoided;
the further optimization scheme is that the reactor core protection layer cooling system further comprises a cooling water source, when the reactor core melt contacts the container protection layer, the cooling water source injects water into the cooling cavity for the first time, and the water level of the first water injection does not exceed that of the steel container;
and when all the molten materials in the reactor core reach the closed cavity A, the cooling water source injects water into the cooling cavity for the second time, and the steel container is submerged by the water injection for the second time.
When monitoring that the reactor has a reactor core burnout accident (the integrity of the pressure vessel is destroyed, the molten reactor core moves to the cooling and collecting device and contacts the protective layer of the vessel), a valve triggering a cooling water source is opened, water is injected into the reactor cavity, and the water injection is divided into two stages: in the first stage, the water level is required to be lower than the upper port of the steel container, so that water is prevented from entering the steel container to cause steam explosion. And after the interaction between the ceramic material and the melt is finished, starting secondary reactor cavity water injection, and requiring the water level to submerge the steel container.
Injecting water into the reactor cavity in stages, wherein the water level in the first stage is lower than the upper port of the steel container, so that water is prevented from entering the steel container to cause steam explosion, and the molten material is cooled from the bottom of the steel container to the top; the second stage is water flooded steel vessel and the melt is cooled down from the top of the steel vessel.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
according to the scheme provided by the invention, the cooling cavity is formed by the gap between the steel collecting container and the reactor cavity, the molten reactor core is simultaneously subjected to layer-by-layer expansion collection and cooling by the steel collecting container, and then is further cooled in the cooling cavity, so that the cooling capacity of the whole device is improved, and the molten reactor core and the cooling device are of an integrated structure, so that the formed cooling cavity occupies less space, and when a serious accident occurs to the reactor, the molten reactor core can be quickly and efficiently collected, and the molten reactor core is cooled in a passive mode and solidified in the collecting container, so that the release of radioactive substances is reduced, and the safety, reliability and efficiency are higher.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and that for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a core melt cooling collection apparatus;
FIG. 2 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view A of a steel collection vessel;
FIG. 3 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view B of a steel collection vessel;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a steel collection vessel;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional schematic view of a heat transfer tube.
Reference numbers and corresponding part names in the drawings:
the reactor comprises a steel container, a thermal shock protective layer, a container protective layer, a heat transfer pipe protective wall, a heat transfer pipe, a 51-pipe body, an S-shaped fin, a 6-fin, a 7-filter, a communication hole, a 9-supporting piece, a reactor pressure container, a reactor core melt, a cooling cavity, a 13-water level sensor, a reactor cavity, a 15-water source, a 16-valve, a 17-closed cavity A and a chamber B, wherein the steel container is arranged in the reactor pressure container, the reactor core melt is arranged in the reactor pressure container, and the reactor core melt is arranged in the reactor pressure container and is heated in the reactor pressure container.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples and accompanying drawings, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not meant to limit the present invention.
Example 1
The present embodiment provides a molten core cooling and collecting apparatus, as shown in fig. 1, including a steel collecting vessel disposed in a reactor cavity 14 for collecting molten core, and a reactor cavity 14, wherein a gap between the steel collecting vessel and the reactor cavity 14 forms a cooling cavity 12, and the cooling cavity 12 is used for cooling the molten core collected by the steel collecting vessel.
The reactor cavity opening is higher than the steel collecting container, and the area of the reactor cavity opening is larger than that of the steel collecting container, so that the molten reactor core is prevented from migrating out of the steel collecting container.
Example 2
This embodiment differs from the previous embodiment in that, as shown in fig. 2 to 4, the steel collection container comprises: a thermal shock protective layer 2, a container protective layer 3 and a steel container 1;
container protective layer 3 and thermal shock inoxidizing coating 2 all set up in steel container 1, and circumferential inner wall and bottom inner wall of steel container 1 are hugged closely to container protective layer 3, thermal shock inoxidizing coating 2 sets up in container protective layer 3 top, and thermal shock inoxidizing coating 2 forms airtight cavity A17 with container protective layer 3, 2 tops of thermal shock inoxidizing coating and 1 parallel and level of steel container.
The bottom surface of the thermal shock protective layer 2 is sunken towards the bottom of the steel container 1, and the side wall of the thermal shock protective layer 2 is tightly attached to the circumferential inner wall of the steel container 1 and supported by the container protective layer 3. The bottom surface of the thermal shock protective layer 2 is sunken towards the bottom of the steel container 1 in a crucible shape, so that molten core melt can be collected conveniently.
The thermal shock protective layer 2 is arranged at the upper end inside the steel container 1 and used for preventing the high-temperature reactor core molten material jet flow from directly impacting the steel container and the heat transfer pipe protective wall, and the thermal shock protective layer 2 is arranged close to the circumferential direction of the steel container and the inner wall of the bottom of the steel container. The steel container protective layer is used for preventing the high-temperature melt from directly contacting the steel container, and the steel container is prevented from being burnt through by the high-temperature melt and losing effectiveness.
Example 3
The present embodiment is different from the previous embodiment in that the present embodiment further includes a heat transfer pipe 5, a plurality of heat transfer pipes penetrate through the side wall of the steel container 1 and the closed chamber a17, the heat transfer pipe 5 penetrates through the side wall of the steel container 1 and then extends upward along the axial direction of the steel container, the extending portion of the heat transfer pipe is higher than the steel container 1, a filter 7 is installed at the inlet of the heat transfer pipe 5, and the height of the heat transfer pipe 5 penetrating into the steel container 1 is lower than the height of the heat transfer pipe 5 penetrating out of the steel container 1.
The heat pipe protective walls 4 are arranged in the closed cavity A in a pairwise parallel mode, and the protective walls 4 are in contact with the thermal shock protective layers 3;
a plurality of heat transfer pipes 5 are wrapped in each heat transfer pipe protective wall 4, and fins 6 are arranged on the outer walls of the heat transfer pipes 5. (after the heat-transfer pipe protective wall is contacted with the thermal shock protective layer, the heat-transfer pipe has a supporting function on the thermal shock protective layer)
Example 5
This embodiment is different from the previous embodiment in that the surface of the heat transfer pipe of the portion of this embodiment that is covered by the heat transfer pipe protective wall is provided with fins. As shown in fig. 5, the plurality of S-shaped fins 52 are uniformly arranged on the outer wall of the tube body 51 along the axial direction of the tube body, the bending directions of the S-shaped fins 52 are the same, and the projection of the S-shaped fins 52 on the axial direction of the tube body is a curved structure. This embodiment establishes the fin of traditional finned tube into bent structure, has increased heat radiating area, has improved the radiating effect, and is connected more firmly between S type fin and the heat-transfer pipe protecting wall, and stability is better. For the convenience of manufacturing, all the fins 52 are made into the same curvature and fixed on the outer wall of the tube body 51, and certainly, the curvatures can be set differently; the S-shaped fins 52 not only can effectively conduct heat, but also do not obstruct the flow of fluid, so as to achieve good heat dissipation effect, enlarge the heat exchange area, improve the heat exchange efficiency, and finally improve the heat dissipation effect.
Example 6
The thermal shock protective layer 2, the container protective layer 3 and the heat transfer pipe protective wall 4 are all made of special ceramic materials. The decomposed and melted products can be mixed with the molten material of the reactor core, the temperature and the solid-liquid phase line of the molten material are reduced, the viscosity of the molten material is reduced, the heat conduction capability of the molten material is increased, and the volume power of the molten material of the reactor core is reduced.
Example 7
The support member 9 is arranged at the bottom of the stack cavity 14 and used for supporting the steel container 1, a cavity B18 is formed between the support member 9 and the steel container 1, and the cross section area of the cavity B18 is gradually increased from top to bottom; and the support 9 is provided with a through hole so that the chamber B18 communicates with the cooling chamber 12.
The bottom surface of the steel container 1 is a curved surface.
Example 8
The reactor core molten material reactor also comprises a cooling water source, when the reactor core molten material contacts the container protective layer, the cooling water source injects water into the cooling cavity 12 for the first time, and the water level of the first water injection does not exceed that of the steel container;
when all the molten core reaches the closed chamber A, the cooling water source injects water into the cooling cavity 12 for the second time, and the steel container is flooded by the water injection for the second time.
When the reactor core burnout accident of the reactor is monitored, the trigger valve 16 is opened, water is injected into the reactor cavity 14 from the water source 15, and the water injection is divided into two stages. In the first stage, the water level is required to be lower than the upper port of the steel container 1 to prevent water from entering the steel container 1 to cause steam explosion. And after the interaction of the ceramic material (the thermal shock protective layer 2, the container protective layer 3 and the heat transfer pipe protective wall 4) and the melt is completed, starting the secondary reactor cavity water injection to require the water level to submerge the steel container.
Water is injected into the reactor cavity in stages for direct cooling of the steel vessel and the internal melt. The water level of the first stage is lower than the upper port of the steel container, so that water is prevented from entering the steel container to cause steam explosion. The second stage level floods the steel vessel, cooling the melt from the top.
The molten core collecting and cooling device designed by the embodiment has the overall effects of effectively collecting molten core, rapidly and efficiently cooling and solidifying and reducing the release of radioactive substances.
(1) Water is injected into the reactor cavity in stages for direct cooling of the steel vessel and the internal melt. The first stage water level was below the steel vessel upper port to prevent water from entering the steel vessel to initiate steam explosion while cooling the melt from the bottom. In the second stage, the steel container is submerged in water, and the melt is cooled from the top; so that the melt can be cooled down completely.
(2) The thermal shock protective layer made of the special ceramic material can prevent the high-speed and high-temperature melt jet from directly impacting the steel container and the heat transfer pipe protective wall so as to prevent the steel container and the heat transfer pipe from being damaged in the stage of releasing the melt from the pressure container.
(3) The steel container protective layer and the heat transfer pipe protective wall made of the special ceramic material can prevent high-temperature melt from directly contacting the steel container and the heat transfer pipe when falling into the steel container so as to avoid damaging the steel container and the heat transfer pipe.
(4) The special ceramic material can be ablated and decomposed by high-temperature melt, and the decomposition product is mixed with the melt, so that the viscosity of the melt is reduced, the heat conduction capability of the melt is improved, the temperature of the melt is reduced, and the volume heat release rate of the melt is reduced.
(5) The communication pits on the heat transfer pipe protection walls allow molten reactor core to flow between the heat transfer pipe protection walls, and the molten reactor core can be quickly flattened in the steel container.
(6) The fins are designed on the outer wall surface of the heat transfer pipe, so that the strength of the protective wall of the heat transfer pipe is enhanced, and the heat transfer between the heat transfer pipe and the melt is enhanced.
(7) The heat transfer pipe is obliquely arranged in the steel container, the outlet height of the heat transfer pipe is greater than the submerged water level of the reactor cavity, the flow velocity in the pipe can be increased, and the vapor bubble accumulation and heat transfer deterioration are prevented.
(8) A filter is arranged outside the inlet at the bottom of the heat transfer pipe to prevent impurities from entering the heat transfer pipe to block the flow.
(9) The reactor core melt and the cooling device are of an integrated structure and are arranged in the reactor cavity, so that the occupied space is saved.
Throughout the specification, reference to "one embodiment," "an embodiment," "one example" or "an example" means: the particular features, structures, or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment of the invention. Thus, the appearances of the phrases "one embodiment," "an embodiment," "one example" or "an example" in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable combination and/or sub-combination in one or more embodiments or examples. Further, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the illustrations provided herein are for illustrative purposes and are not necessarily drawn to scale. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
In the description of the present invention, the terms "front", "rear", "left", "right", "upper", "lower", "vertical", "horizontal", "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and therefore, should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The molten core cooling and collecting device is characterized by comprising a steel collecting container and a reactor cavity (14), wherein the steel collecting container is arranged in the reactor cavity (14) and is used for collecting molten core, a gap between the steel collecting container and the reactor cavity (14) forms a cooling cavity (12), and the cooling cavity (12) is used for cooling the molten core collected by the steel collecting container;
the steel collection container comprises: the thermal shock protective layer (2), the container protective layer (3) and the steel container (1);
the container protection layer (3) and the thermal shock protection layer (2) are arranged in the steel container (1), the container protection layer (3) is tightly attached to the circumferential inner wall and the bottom inner wall of the steel container (1), the thermal shock protection layer (2) is arranged above the container protection layer (3), the thermal shock protection layer (2) and the container protection layer (3) form a closed cavity A (17), and the top of the thermal shock protection layer (2) is flush with the steel container (1);
the heat transfer pipe heat exchanger is characterized by further comprising heat transfer pipes (5), wherein the heat transfer pipes penetrate through the side wall of the steel container (1) and the closed chamber A (17), the heat transfer pipes (5) penetrate through the side wall of the steel container (1) and then extend upwards along the axis direction of the steel container, the extending parts of the heat transfer pipes are higher than the steel container (1), a filter (7) is arranged at the inlet of each heat transfer pipe (5), and the height of the heat transfer pipes (5) penetrating into the steel container (1) is lower than the height of the heat transfer pipes (5) penetrating out of the steel container (1);
the heat-transfer pipe protective walls (4) are arranged in the closed cavity A in a pairwise parallel manner, and the protective walls (4) are in contact with the thermal shock protective layer (2); a plurality of heat transfer pipes (5) are wrapped in each heat transfer pipe protective wall (4); the protective wall (4) is provided with a communicating hole (8).
2. The apparatus for cooling and collecting molten core metal as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bottom surface of the thermal shock protective layer (2) is recessed toward the bottom of the steel vessel (1), and the side wall of the thermal shock protective layer (2) is closely attached to the circumferential inner wall of the steel vessel (1) and supported by the vessel protective layer (3).
3. The apparatus for cooling and collecting molten core metal according to claim 1, wherein the surface of the heat transfer pipe of the portion surrounded by the heat transfer pipe protective wall is provided with fins.
4. The core melt cooling collection device according to claim 3, wherein the thermal shock protective layer (2), the vessel protective layer (3) and the heat transfer pipe protective wall (4) are made of a special ceramic material or a special concrete material.
5. The core melt cooling and collecting device according to claim 1, further comprising a support member (9), wherein the support member (9) is installed at the bottom of the reactor cavity (14) and used for supporting the steel container (1), a cavity B (18) is formed between the support member (9) and the steel container (1), and the cross section area of the cavity B (18) is gradually increased from top to bottom; and the support (9) is provided with through holes so that the chamber B (18) communicates with the cooling chamber (12).
6. The apparatus for cooling and collecting molten core metal as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bottom surface of said steel vessel (1) is curved.
7. The apparatus for collecting and cooling molten core material of claim 1, further comprising a cooling water source for injecting water into the cooling chamber for a first time when the molten core material contacts the vessel protection layer, wherein the water level of the first water injection does not exceed that of the steel vessel;
and when all the molten materials of the reactor core reach the closed cavity A, the cooling water source injects water into the cooling cavity for the second time, and the steel container is submerged by the water injection for the second time.
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| CN115662662B (en) * | 2022-09-09 | 2023-06-13 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | Reactor core melt trapping cooler and parameter calculation method thereof |
| CN115565707B (en) * | 2022-10-08 | 2023-06-06 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | Reactor core melt containment retention system and method for designing parameters of collector |
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| CN105374405A (en) * | 2014-08-22 | 2016-03-02 | 国家核电技术有限公司 | Reactor melt retention apparatus |
| CN105551539A (en) * | 2015-12-11 | 2016-05-04 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | Reactor melt out-of-core retention system |
| CN110176316A (en) * | 2019-04-17 | 2019-08-27 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | A kind of U-tube internal heat formula reactor core fusant capturing device |
| CN110459333A (en) * | 2019-07-04 | 2019-11-15 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | A kind of double crucible reactor core fusant capturing device with internal cooling tube |
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| CN105374405A (en) * | 2014-08-22 | 2016-03-02 | 国家核电技术有限公司 | Reactor melt retention apparatus |
| CN105551539A (en) * | 2015-12-11 | 2016-05-04 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | Reactor melt out-of-core retention system |
| CN110176316A (en) * | 2019-04-17 | 2019-08-27 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | A kind of U-tube internal heat formula reactor core fusant capturing device |
| CN110459333A (en) * | 2019-07-04 | 2019-11-15 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | A kind of double crucible reactor core fusant capturing device with internal cooling tube |
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