CN115662662B - Reactor core melt trapping cooler and parameter calculation method thereof - Google Patents
Reactor core melt trapping cooler and parameter calculation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115662662B CN115662662B CN202211103304.1A CN202211103304A CN115662662B CN 115662662 B CN115662662 B CN 115662662B CN 202211103304 A CN202211103304 A CN 202211103304A CN 115662662 B CN115662662 B CN 115662662B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a reactor core melt trapping cooler and a parameter calculation method thereof, comprising a reactor pit, a steel container, a drainage component and a reaction cooling component, wherein a pressure container is arranged in the reactor pit, the steel container is arranged below the pressure container and is fixed at the bottom of the reactor pit through a supporting seat, the upper end of the steel container is provided with an opening for the reactor core melt of the pressure container to enter the steel container, the drainage component is arranged between the steel container and the pressure container, and the reaction cooling component is arranged in the steel container; according to the invention, the pressure vessel is arranged in the pit, the drainage assemblies are arranged in the pit and below the pressure vessel, core melt of the pressure vessel is drained into the steel vessel, the core melt is cooled through the reaction cooling assembly in the steel vessel, the core melt is prevented from being in direct contact with the steel vessel through the reaction cooling assembly, and the probability of the steel vessel being damaged by the core melt is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nuclear reactors, in particular to a reactor core melt trapping cooler and a parameter calculation method thereof.
Background
When a serious accident occurs in the nuclear power station, the loss of the residual heat removal means of the reactor core can evaporate and exhaust the coolant, the reactor core is exposed and continuously heats up, the fuel elements are melted due to the loss of cooling, the reactor core melt falls into the lower chamber of the pressure vessel, the lower end enclosure of the pressure vessel is invalid, and if the reactor core melt cannot be cooled by adopting effective measures, the pressure vessel can be melted through by the reactor core melt. The temperature of the reactor core melt is up to 3000 ℃, and the reactor core has strong continuous long-time decay heat, the total decay heat can reach 15MW for a million kilowatt nuclear power station, and the decay heat can maintain the melt in a high-temperature state for a long time.
After the pressure vessel is penetrated, core melt is directly sprayed onto the raft foundation of the containment vessel to interact with structural concrete, the raft foundation of the containment vessel is gradually eroded downwards at a higher speed within a certain time, if the thickness of the raft foundation is insufficient, the bottom plate can be penetrated by melting, the integrity of the containment vessel is damaged, and then radioactive substances directly enter soil to cause serious influence on the environment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a reactor core melt trapping cooler and a parameter calculation method thereof, which aims to quickly and efficiently collect reactor core melt when serious accidents occur in a reactor, prevent the reactor core melt from directly contacting a steel container and reduce the possibility of the steel container being penetrated by molten steel.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a core melt trap cooler comprising:
a stacking pit, wherein the pressure container is arranged inside the stacking pit;
a steel vessel disposed below the pressure vessel and fixed to the bottom of the pit by a support base, the upper end of the steel vessel being provided with an opening through which core melt of the pressure vessel enters the steel vessel;
a drainage assembly disposed between the steel vessel and the pressure vessel;
and a reaction cooling assembly disposed within the steel vessel.
Optionally, the drainage assembly comprises:
the guide plate is funnel-shaped, the upper end of the guide plate is fixedly connected with the stacking pit, and the discharge opening at the lower end of the guide plate is arranged above or in the opening of the steel container;
the water stop plate is fixedly arranged in the discharge opening and seals the discharge opening;
and a partition plate fixedly arranged in the opening of the steel container and closing the opening.
Optionally, the upper surface of the guide plate is made of a temperature-resistant material, and the diameter of the discharge opening is not smaller than 50cm;
the water-stop plate and the partition plate are stainless steel plates;
the central axis of the discharge opening coincides with the central axis of the steel container.
Optionally, the reaction cooling assembly comprises:
the protective layer is arranged in the steel container, and the outer side surface of the protective layer is attached to the inner side surface of the steel container;
the precast piles are vertically arranged in the steel container and are fixed with the steel container in position through a fixing assembly;
wherein, the axis of precast pile with the axis of steel container is parallel.
Optionally, the precast pile is of a columnar structure poured by a concrete-based sacrificial material, a central hole penetrating through the upper end face and the lower end face of the precast pile is formed in the precast pile, and steel bars are arranged in the concrete-based sacrificial material of the precast pile;
and the precast pile is also provided with exhaust holes parallel to the central hole, and the exhaust holes are annularly distributed on the concrete-based sacrificial material around the central hole.
Optionally, the fixing assembly includes:
the positioning grids are arranged in the steel container, are fixedly connected with the inner side surface of the steel container, and are provided with a plurality of positioning holes matched with the precast piles;
and the positioning columns are vertically fixed on the bottom surface of the steel container, and the lower ends of the positioning columns are inserted into the central holes of the precast piles.
Optionally, the distance between the precast pile and the central axis of the steel container is set as a first distance, and the height of the precast pile is inversely proportional to the first distance.
Optionally, the lower end enclosure of the steel container is ellipsoidal, and an ellipsoidal groove matched with the steel container is formed in the upper side surface of the supporting seat;
the supporting seat comprises a plurality of supporting sheets, the supporting sheets are radially distributed by taking the central axis of the steel container as the axis, gaps are arranged between two adjacent supporting sheets, and the lower ends of the supporting sheets are arranged on the bottom surface of the stacking pit.
A method of calculating parameters of a core melt trap cooler for calculating dimensional parameters of the cooler as described above, the method comprising:
obtaining volume V of core melt corium ；
Acquisition of volume V of concrete-based sacrificial Material SM ；
Obtain the volume V of the steel bar G ；
Obtaining the volume V of the precast pile after the center hole is removed pp ：V pp ＝V SM +V G ；
Determining the internal volume of the steel container: v=v pp +V corium +V pl +V R Wherein V is pl Is the volume of the protective layer; v (V) R Is a reserved volume for accommodating the short accumulation of core melt in the upper part of the precast pile after entering the steel vessel.
Specifically, volume V of concrete-based sacrificial Material SM The calculation method of (1) comprises the following steps:
obtaining the mass m of the metal Zr in the reactor core melt Zr ；
Determination of Fe in concrete-based sacrificial Material 2 O 3 Is used to determine the quality of the demand of (1),
after the reaction of the obtained concrete-based sacrificial material and the reactor core melt, al 2 O 3 With UO 2 、ZrO 2 The mixed density ρ of (2) mix ，
Wherein->
Is UO 2 Quality and density of (a); />
Is ZrO 2 Quality and density of (a); />
Is Al 2 O 3 Quality and density of (a); />
Let ρ mix ＝ρ Fe And obtain
Wherein ρ is Fe Is the density of iron;
obtaining Fe in concrete-based sacrificial material 2 O 3 Mass ratio of (2)
Al 2 O 3 Mass ratio of->
Determination of mass of concrete-based sacrificial material
Determination of volume V of concrete-based sacrificial Material SM ，V SM ＝m SM /ρ SM Wherein ρ is SM The density of the material is sacrificed for concrete base;
volume V of reinforcing bar G The calculation method of (1) comprises the following steps:
determination of the latent heat of fusion q' of a concrete-based sacrificial material SM Melting point T SM And specific heat capacity C p,SM ；
Determining the latent heat q' of fusion of reinforcing steel bars G Melting point T G And specific heat capacity C p,G ；
Determining the heat release quantity Q of Zr oxidized;
obtaining the mass m of the reinforcing steel bar G ，
Obtain the volume of the steel bar, V G ＝m G /ρ G 。
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
according to the invention, the pressure vessel is arranged in the pit, the drainage assemblies are arranged in the pit and below the pressure vessel, core melt of the pressure vessel is drained into the steel vessel, the core melt is cooled through the reaction cooling assembly in the steel vessel, the core melt is prevented from being in direct contact with the steel vessel through the reaction cooling assembly, and the probability of the steel vessel being damaged by the core melt is reduced.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a core melt trap cooler according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a top view of a steel container according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the spacer grid according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a mechanical hook according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view illustrating the construction of a precast pile according to the present invention.
Reference numerals: the device comprises a 1-pressure vessel, 2-reactor core melt, a 3-stacking pit, a 4-deflector, a 5-water baffle, a 6-separator, a 7-steel vessel, an 8-protective layer, 9-precast piles, 10-spacer grids, 11-positioning columns, 12-supporting seats, 13-mechanical hooks, 14-central holes, 15-exhaust holes and 16-steel bars.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and embodiments, for the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the substances, and not restrictive of the invention.
It should be further noted that, for convenience of description, only the portions related to the present invention are shown in the drawings.
Embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to fig. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 in conjunction with embodiments.
Example 1
A core melt trap cooler includes a core pit 3, a steel vessel 7, a drainage assembly, and a reaction cooling assembly.
The pressure vessel 1 is arranged inside the pit 3, and the pressure vessel 1 may be placed inside the pit 3 or above the pit 3.
The steel vessel 7 is disposed below the pressure vessel 1 and is fixed to the bottom of the pit 3 by a support base 12, and an opening for the core melt 2 of the pressure vessel 1 to enter the steel vessel 7 is provided at the upper end of the steel vessel 7, and in this embodiment, the steel vessel 7 has a crucible-like structure with an upper end surface being a removal surface.
The drainage assembly is arranged between the steel container 7 and the pressure container 1, when the pressure container 1 leaks, the core melting period flows out from the bottom of the pressure container 1, and in order to enable the core melting period to flow into the steel container 7 completely, the drainage assembly is arranged below the steel container 7 and is in a structure with a large upper part and a small lower part, so that the drainage assembly can realize the function of collecting the core melt 2 and flowing out.
The reaction cooling assembly is arranged in the steel container 7, is mainly composed of concrete-based sacrificial materials, is arranged between the steel container 7 and the reactor core melt 2, can effectively avoid the steel from being directly damaged by high-temperature melt, and can react with the reactor core melt 2, the interaction reduces the temperature of the reactor core melt 2, oxidizes metal in the reactor core melt 2 and improves the internal heat distribution, thereby facilitating the heat transfer between the reactor core melt 2 and cooling water, solidifying the reactor core melt 2 in the steel container 7 and reducing the release of radioactive substances.
Example two
The specific structure of the drainage assembly in the first embodiment will be described, and the drainage assembly includes a deflector 4, a water-stop plate 5 and a spacer plate 6.
The guide plate 4 is funnel-shaped, the upper surface of the guide plate 4 is made of high-temperature resistant heat insulation material, and special concrete, ceramic or other materials can be selected. The diameter of the discharge opening is not less than 50cm. The upper end of the deflector 4 is fixedly connected with the stacking pit 3, and the discharge opening at the lower end of the deflector 4 is arranged above or in the opening of the steel container 7, namely, as shown in fig. 1, the lower part of the deflector 4 can be arranged in the steel container 7, so that the reactor core melt 2 can be effectively prevented from falling into the steel container 7 completely.
The water stop plate 5 is fixedly arranged in the discharge opening and seals the discharge opening, so that water flows back into the guide plate 4 in a non-working state, and the pressure vessel 1 positioned in the guide plate 4 is damaged.
The baffle plate 6 is fixedly arranged in the opening of the steel container 7 and seals the opening, and the purpose of the baffle plate is to seal the steel container 7, so that water inflow or foreign matter falling to the steel container 7 is avoided when equipment of the cooler is installed or overhauled.
The guide plate 4 also provides an operation platform for equipment maintenance and overhaul, and the thickness of the water stop plate 5 can be designed according to the load requirement.
In order to avoid blocking the reactor core melt 2, the water stop plate 5 and the baffle plate 6 are stainless steel plates, and when a serious accident occurs in the reactor, the temperature of the reactor core melt 2 can be higher than 2600 ℃, and the stainless steel plates can be easily melted through, so that the blocking cannot be caused.
In order to make the core melt 2 flow into the steel vessel 7 and then be in a preferable position, the central axis of the discharge port is set to coincide with the central axis of the steel vessel 7.
Example III
The structure of the reaction cooling module including the protection layer 8 and the precast pile 9 will be described in this embodiment.
The protective layer 8 is arranged in the steel container 7, and the outer side surface of the protective layer 8 is attached to the inner side surface of the steel container 7; the protective layer 8 is made of steel mesh and concrete-based sacrificial material.
In order to facilitate the installation of the protective layer 8, the inner side of the steel container 7 is welded with a plurality of mechanical hooks 13. The protective layer 8 can be installed in at least two ways.
Firstly, the machine can be manufactured in a block prefabrication mode, and if the machine is manufactured in a prefabrication mode, the machine can be hung and installed on the mechanical hook 13.
Secondly, the steel mesh of the protective layer 8 can be fixed on the mechanical hook 13 if the steel mesh is manufactured in a pouring mode.
The mechanical hook 13 is arranged on the inner side of the steel container 7 and is clung to the inner wall of the steel container 7. The protective layer 8 is used for preventing the high-temperature melt from directly contacting the steel container 7, and preventing the steel container 7 from being directly damaged by the high-temperature melt.
A plurality of precast piles 9 are vertically arranged in the steel container 7 and are fixed with the steel container 7 in position through a fixing component; the central axis of the precast pile 9 is parallel to the central axis of the steel container 7.
As shown in fig. 5, the precast pile 9 has a columnar structure poured by a concrete-based sacrificial material, a central hole 14 penetrating through the upper end face and the lower end face of the precast pile 9 is arranged in the precast pile 9, and steel bars 16 are arranged in the concrete-based sacrificial material of the precast pile 9;
the precast pile 9 is formed by processing a reinforcing steel bar 16 and a concrete-based sacrificial material, and the precast pile 9 is designed with a central hole 14, wherein the diameter of the central hole 14 is larger than 20 cm and is used for storing a melt.
The concrete-based sacrificial material contains a certain amount of crystal water which becomes free water when it is heated by the melt, and is released from the material in the form of water vapor. The melt contains a large amount of metallic Zr which reacts with water to form hydrogen. Hydrogen gas accumulation increases the risk of hydrogen explosion, so zirconium water reaction should be avoided in the trap cooler.
The precast pile 9 is designed with a plurality of dispersed exhaust holes 15 during manufacture, so as to smoothly exhaust the water vapor and prevent the water vapor from reacting with the metal Zr to generate hydrogen.
The precast pile 9 is also provided with exhaust holes 15 parallel to the central hole 14, the exhaust holes 15 are distributed on the concrete-based sacrificial material annularly around the central hole 14, and the exhaust holes 15 provide escape channels for gas released by the concrete-based sacrificial material.
Let the distance between the precast pile 9 and the central axis of the steel container 7 be a first distance, the height of the precast pile 9 is inversely proportional to the first distance.
I.e., the heights of the precast piles 9 are different, the overall effect after installation is that the central area is highest, and gradually decreases in the radial direction, thereby facilitating the diffusion of the core melt 2 from the center to both sides.
The precast pile 9 is designed with a central hole 14 having a diameter large enough to facilitate inflow of the melt from above. This design facilitates uniform distribution of the melt within the vessel and increases the reaction area of the melt with the sacrificial material.
Example IV
The structure of the fixing assembly including the spacer grids 10 and the positioning posts 11 is described in this embodiment. The precast pile 9 is positioned and installed through the positioning grids 10 and the positioning columns 11, so that the manufacturing difficulty of the melt trapping cooler is reduced.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, at least one spacer grid 10 is arranged in the steel container 7, the spacer grid 10 is fixedly connected with the inner side surface of the steel container 7, and a plurality of positioning holes matched with the precast piles 9 are formed in the spacer grid 10; in fig. 1, three spacer grids 10 are shown.
A plurality of positioning columns 11 are vertically fixed to the bottom surface of the steel container 7, and the lower ends of the positioning columns 11 are inserted into the central holes 14 of the precast piles 9.
In a specific design, the size of the positioning hole is designed to be matched with the size of the outer side surface of the precast pile 9, so that the precast pile 9 can be fixed through the positioning grid 10.
Similarly, in a specific design, the positioning column 11 is sized to match the size of the central hole 14 of the precast pile 9, so that it can position the precast pile 9 through the positioning pile.
Example five
In order to fix the steel container 7, in this embodiment, the lower end enclosure of the steel container 7 is in an ellipsoidal shape, and an ellipsoidal groove adapted to the steel container 7 is disposed on the upper side of the supporting seat 12.
Meanwhile, on the premise of meeting the requirements of earthquake resistance and strength, the contact area between the supporting seat 12 and the steel container 7 is as small as possible, so that the steel container 7 is soaked in as much water in the stacking pit 3 as possible, therefore, the supporting seat 12 is designed to comprise a plurality of supporting pieces which are distributed in a radial manner by taking the central axis of the steel container 7 as the axis, a gap is arranged between two adjacent supporting pieces, and the lower ends of the supporting pieces are arranged on the bottom surface of the stacking pit 3.
Example six
Often engineers place restrictions on the size of the core melt trap cooler, and too much volume may be difficult to install in the pit 3 and too little volume may not meet the cooling requirements. Accordingly, the present embodiment provides a method for calculating parameters of a core melt trap cooler for calculating dimensional parameters of the cooler as described above, the calculating method comprising:
s1, obtaining the volume V of the reactor core melt 2 corium I.e. the maximum volume of core melt 2 that may flow out after a severe accident of the pressure vessel 1.
S2, obtaining the volume V of the concrete-based sacrificial material SM The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The concrete-based sacrificial material has 2 basic roles, namely, the Fe in the concrete-based sacrificial material is utilized 2 O 3 Oxidizing the metal Zr in the core melt 2; secondly, al in the concrete-based sacrificial material 2 O 3 Component and UO 2 、ZrO 2 Mixing to make the density of the mixture lower than that of Fe.
Thus, to meet the basic role of concrete-based sacrificial materials, a specific volume needs to be determined.
S3, obtaining the volume V of the steel bar 16 G The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The rebar 16 also has two basic roles, one is to use it to melt and absorb Zr and Fe 2 O 3 The amount of heat released from the reaction; secondly, maintain precast pile9 has enough mechanical strength in the service period of 60 years.
Thus, to satisfy the basic role of the reinforcing bar 16 described above, a specific volume needs to be determined.
The concrete-based sacrificial material and the reinforcing steel bars 16 are the total volume of the added up of the plurality of precast piles 9. The detail design of the precast pile 9 is thus performed by changing the structural form, height, diameter of the varying reinforcing bars 16, braiding manner, etc. of the precast pile 9 under the condition that the molding and strength of the precast pile 9 are satisfied. And the central hole 14 of the precast pile 9 is used for storing the core melt 2, so that the volume thereof is not less than V corium 。
S4, obtaining the volume V of the precast pile 9 after the central hole 14 is removed pp ：V pp ＝V SM +V G 。
S5, determining the internal volume of the steel container 7: v=v pp +V corium +V pl +V R Wherein V is pl Is the volume of the protective layer 8; v (V) R Is a reserve volume for containing a short pile-up of the core melt 2 in the upper part of the precast pile 9 after it enters the steel vessel 7.
The shielding 8 serves to isolate the core melt 2 from the steel vessel 7 briefly at the initial stage of entry of the core melt 2 into the steel vessel 7, and its thickness depends on the ablation rate of the shielding 8 under high temperature conditions and the water injection rate in the pit 3.
The ablation rate may be determined experimentally or computationally, and the pit 3 fill rate is determined by the design of the fill system.
Volume V of the concrete-based sacrificial Material SM The calculation method of (2) is further described:
s21, obtaining the mass m of the metal Zr in the reactor core melt 2 Zr The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The metals contained in the core melt 2 include Zr, U, and the like.
S22, for reacting or mixing with the core melt 2, the concrete-based sacrificial material contains at least Fe 2 O 3 And Al 2 O 3 。
According to Zr and Fe 2 O 3 The reaction formula 3zr+2fe2o3=3zro2+4fe, determines that in the concrete-based sacrificial materialFe 2 O 3 Is used to determine the quality of the demand of (1),
s23, obtaining Al after the reaction of the concrete-based sacrificial material and the reactor core melt 2 2 O 3 With UO 2 、ZrO 2 The mixed density ρ of (2) mix ，
Wherein->
Is UO 2 Quality and density of (a); />
Is ZrO 2 Quality and density of (a); />
Is Al 2 O 3 Quality and density of (a);
s24, let ρ mix ＝ρ Fe And obtain
Wherein ρ is Fe Is the density of iron;
s25, obtaining Fe in the concrete-based sacrificial material 2 O 3 Mass ratio of (2)
Al 2 O 3 Mass ratio of->
S26, determining the mass of the concrete-based sacrificial material
S27, determining the volume V of the concrete-based sacrificial material SM ，V SM ＝m SM /ρ SM Wherein ρ is SM The density of the material is sacrificed for concrete base.
Volume V of the lower facing steel bar 16 G Further description is given of the calculation method of (2).
S31, determining the latent heat q' of melting of the concrete-based sacrificial material SM Melting point T SM And specific heat capacity C p,SM ；
S32, determining the latent heat q' of melting of the reinforcing steel bar 16 G Melting point T G And specific heat capacity C p,G ；
S33, determining the heat release quantity Q of Zr oxidized; q=m Zr X q ', where q' is the unit exotherm per kilogram of Zr oxidized.
S34, obtaining the mass m of the reinforcing steel bar 16 based on heat balance G ，
S35, obtaining the volume of the steel bar 16, V G ＝m G /ρ G 。
Example seven
The parameter calculation terminal of the core melt trap cooler comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program which is stored in the memory and can run on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to realize the steps of the parameter calculation method of the core melt trap cooler.
The memory may be used to store software programs and modules, and the processor executes various functional applications of the terminal and data processing by running the software programs and modules stored in the memory. The memory may mainly include a storage program area and a storage data area, wherein the storage program area may store an operating system, an execution program required for at least one function, and the like.
The storage data area may store data created according to the use of the terminal, etc. In addition, the memory may include high-speed random access memory, and may also include non-volatile memory, such as at least one magnetic disk storage device, flash memory device, or other volatile solid-state storage device.
A computer readable storage medium storing a computer program which when executed by a processor performs the steps of a method of calculating parameters of a core melt trap cooler as described above.
Computer readable media may include computer storage media and communication media without loss of generality. Computer storage media includes volatile and nonvolatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information such as computer readable instruction data structures, program modules or other data. Computer storage media includes RAM, ROM, EPROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other solid state memory technology, CD-ROM, DVD or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices. Of course, those skilled in the art will recognize that computer storage media are not limited to the ones described above. The above-described system memory and mass storage devices may be collectively referred to as memory.
In the description of the present specification, reference to the terms "one embodiment/manner," "some embodiments/manner," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment/manner or example is included in at least one embodiment/manner or example of the present application. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily for the same embodiment/manner or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments/modes or examples. Furthermore, the various embodiments/modes or examples described in this specification and the features of the various embodiments/modes or examples can be combined and combined by persons skilled in the art without contradiction.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless explicitly defined otherwise.
It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the above embodiments are provided for clarity of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Other variations or modifications of the above-described invention will be apparent to those of skill in the art, and are still within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A core melt trap cooler, comprising:
a stacking pit (3), wherein the pressure vessel (1) is arranged inside the stacking pit (3);
a steel container (7) arranged below the pressure container (1) and fixed at the bottom of the pile pit (3) through a supporting seat (12), wherein the upper end of the steel container (7) is provided with an opening for the core melt (2) of the pressure container (1) to enter the steel container (7);
a drainage assembly arranged between the steel container (7) and the pressure container (1);
a reaction cooling assembly disposed within the steel vessel (7), the reaction cooling assembly comprising:
a protective layer (8) which is provided inside the steel container (7), and the outer side surface of the protective layer (8) is attached to the inner side surface of the steel container (7);
the precast piles (9) are vertically arranged in the steel container (7), and are fixed with the steel container (7) in position through a fixing assembly;
wherein the central axis of the precast pile (9) is parallel to the central axis of the steel container (7);
the precast pile (9) is of a columnar structure poured by concrete-based sacrificial materials, a central hole (14) penetrating through the upper end face and the lower end face of the precast pile (9) is formed in the precast pile (9), and steel bars (16) are arranged in the concrete-based sacrificial materials of the precast pile (9);
the precast pile (9) is also provided with exhaust holes (15) parallel to the central hole (14), and the exhaust holes (15) are annularly distributed on the concrete-based sacrificial material around the central hole (14).
2. The core melt trap cooler of claim 1, wherein the drainage assembly comprises:
the guide plate (4) is funnel-shaped, the upper end of the guide plate (4) is fixedly connected with the stacking pit (3), and a discharge opening at the lower end of the guide plate (4) is arranged above or in the opening of the steel container (7);
the water stop plate (5) is fixedly arranged in the discharge opening and seals the discharge opening;
and a baffle plate (6) which is fixedly arranged in the opening of the steel container (7) and seals the opening.
3. The core melt-trapping cooler as claimed in claim 2, wherein the upper surface of the deflector (4) is provided with a temperature-resistant material, and the diameter of the discharge opening is not less than 50cm;
the water-stop plate (5) and the partition plate (6) are stainless steel plates;
the central axis of the discharge opening coincides with the central axis of the steel container (7).
4. The core melt trap cooler of claim 1, wherein the securing assembly comprises:
the positioning grids (10), at least one positioning grid (10) is arranged in the steel container (7), the positioning grids (10) are fixedly connected with the inner side surface of the steel container (7), and a plurality of positioning holes matched with the precast piles (9) are formed in the positioning grids (10);
the positioning columns (11) are vertically fixed on the bottom surface of the steel container (7), and the lower ends of the positioning columns (11) are inserted into the central holes (14) of the precast piles (9).
5. The core melt trap cooler according to claim 1, characterized in that a distance between the precast pile (9) and a central axis of the steel vessel (7) is set as a first distance, and a height of the precast pile (9) is inversely proportional to the first distance.
6. The core melt-trapping cooler as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the lower head of the steel vessel (7) is of an ellipsoid shape, and the upper side of the support base (12) is provided with an ellipsoid-shaped groove adapted to the steel vessel (7);
the supporting seat (12) comprises a plurality of supporting sheets, the supporting sheets are radially distributed by taking the central axis of the steel container (7) as the axis, a gap is arranged between two adjacent supporting sheets, and the lower ends of the supporting sheets are arranged on the bottom surface of the stacking pit (3).
7. A method of calculating parameters of a core melt trap cooler for calculating dimensional parameters of the cooler of any one of claims 1-6, the method comprising:
obtaining a volume Vcorium of the core melt (2);
acquiring a volume VSM of the concrete-based sacrificial material;
obtaining the volume VG of the reinforcing steel bar (16);
the volume Vpp of the precast pile (9) after the center hole (14) is removed is obtained: vpp=vsm+vg;
determining the internal volume of the steel container (7): v=vpp+vcorium+vpl+vr, where Vpl is the volume of the protective layer (8); VR is a reserve volume for accommodating a short accumulation of core melt (2) in the upper part of the precast pile (9) after it enters the steel vessel (7).
8. The method for calculating parameters of a core melt trap cooler according to claim 7,
the method for calculating the volume VSM of the concrete-based sacrificial material comprises the following steps:
acquiring the mass mZr of the metallic Zr in the reactor core melt (2);
the quality of the requirements of Fe2O3 in the concrete-based sacrificial material was determined,
after the reaction of the concrete-based sacrificial material and the reactor core melt (2), the mixed density ρmix of Al2O3 and UO2, zrO2 is obtained,
wherein->
Mass and density for UO 2; />
Mass and density of ZrO 2; />
Mass and density of Al2O 3;
let ρmix=ρfe, and obtain
Wherein ρfe is the density of iron;
obtaining the mass ratio of Fe2O3 in the concrete-based sacrificial material
Mass ratio of Al2O3
Determination of mass of concrete-based sacrificial material
Determining a volume VSM of the concrete-based sacrificial material, vsm= mSM ρsm, wherein ρsm is the density of the concrete-based sacrificial material;
the method for calculating the volume VG of the steel bar (16) comprises the following steps:
determining the latent heat q 'S' M of fusion, the melting point TSM and the specific heat capacity Cp, SM of the concrete-based sacrificial material;
determining the latent heat q 'G' of fusion, the melting point TG and the specific heat capacity Cp, G of the reinforcing steel bar (16);
determining the heat release quantity Q of Zr oxidized;
the mass mG of the reinforcing steel bar (16) is acquired,
the volume of the rebar (16) is acquired, vg=mgρg.
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| US4252612A (en) * | 1977-10-10 | 1981-02-24 | United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority | Nuclear reactors |
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| CN108538411A (en) * | 2018-03-08 | 2018-09-14 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | A kind of reactor core fusant capturing device that reactor pit is directly detained |
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