CN105374405A - Reactor melt retention apparatus - Google Patents
Reactor melt retention apparatus Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN105374405A CN105374405A CN201410416328.1A CN201410416328A CN105374405A CN 105374405 A CN105374405 A CN 105374405A CN 201410416328 A CN201410416328 A CN 201410416328A CN 105374405 A CN105374405 A CN 105374405A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- fused mass
- arresting device
- sacrificial material
- pressure vessel
- mass arresting
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Abstract
The invention relates to a reactor melt retention apparatus. The apparatus comprises a catcher shell, a catcher sealing device, a buffer area, a sacrificial material area, a heat insulation layer and a water inlet device. A sacrificial material is used to dilute a melt in order to reduce the heat flow density, and passively cooled melt retention in a channel between the catcher shell and the heat insulation layer is used to realize melt retention under severe accidents in order to alleviate severe accidents, avoid large-scale release of radioactive fission products and reinforce the safety performances of reactors, so the large-scale passive pressurized water reactor severe accident alleviation capability is enhanced.
Description
Technical field
The application relates to a kind of reactor fused mass arresting device, more specifically, relates to the non-active fused mass arresting device of a kind of wet type reactor.
Background technology
The description of this part is only the background information provided about the application, never should be considered to admitting any prior art.
Along with domestic three generations's high energy level pile research and development advance, AP and the CAP series high energy level pile that China promotes mainly has many disputes at severe accident relieving technical elements, is especially detained in heap and proposes more suspicious asking in out-pile delay.
At present, AP or CAP serial reaction heap adopts IVR(In-VesselRetention) technology is as severe accident relieving measure.AP or CAP serial reaction is piled, when under accident, reactor core cannot obtain effective cooling, after reactor core reaches uniform temperature, water in the built-in material-changing water tank of containment (IRWST) injects heap Nei Shidui chamber, chamber and floods, water realizes the enhanced heat exchange to lower head of pressure vessel by heat-insulation layer arrow path structure, reduce reactor pressure vessel failure probability, and then prevent the out-pile phenomenon that may threaten containment integrity from occurring.But, along with the lifting of reactor capability, pressure vessel failure probability increases, once fused mass is revealed, fused mass will be there is and cooling medium reacts, the out-pile phenomenon such as fused mass and concrete reacts, hydrogen explosion, these phenomenons, all by the integrality of serious threat containment, by finally causing fission product to discharge on a large scale, bring tremendous influence to environment.
In order to prevent the fused mass under high reactor capability from leaking, need a kind of combine with IVR be applicable to AP or CAP serial reaction pile chamber flood operating mode under the non-active fused mass arresting device of wet type reactor.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of fused mass arresting device being particularly useful for the non-active nuclear power plant of large-scale high power, it reacts by fused mass and sacrificial material the heat flow density reducing fused mass, thus effectively realize fused mass and be detained in this device, prevent fused mass from leaking.
Object of the present invention is realized by fused mass arresting device as described below, comprise sacrificial material to reduce the heat flow density of fused mass, and described fused mass arresting device is sealably coupled to pressure vessel outer wall in described fused mass arresting device.
Being tightly connected of described fused mass arresting device and described pressure vessel is realized by packoff, described packoff comprises upper flange, lower flange, stuffing-box and fastening bolt, the wherein outer wall close contact of upper flange and stuffing-box and pressure vessel, lower flange is linked together by described fastening bolt and upper flange thus makes described stuffing-box be positioned at the space surrounded by the outer wall of pressure vessel, upper flange and lower flange.
Described sacrificial material in described fused mass arresting device is arranged in the buffer zone in described fused mass arresting device with in sacrificial material district, sacrificial material district is compared closer to described pressure vessel in buffer zone, and the sacrificial material wherein in buffer zone also carries and cushions the impulsive force that fused mass falls to bringing while the heat flow density reducing fused mass.
Multiaspect stuffing box is also comprised with the heat flow density of even all directions in described fused mass arresting device.
Described fused mass arresting device is sealably coupled to around the low head of described pressure vessel, and the height of described sacrificial material in described fused mass arresting device is higher than the height of described low head in described fused mass arresting device.
Described fused mass arresting device comprises shell, packoff, heat-insulation layer and intake apparatus, described fused mass arresting device is sealably coupled to pressure vessel outer wall by described shell and packoff, described sacrificial material is contained in described shell, heat-insulation layer is arranged on described housing exterior thus forms coolant flow channel, and described intake apparatus is connected the position supporting fixing described shell with described shell.
Described intake apparatus comprises base for supporting, water inlet assembly and support member through hole, and wherein water inlet assembly comprises hinge and buoyancy automatic opening door.
Sacrificial material in described buffer zone is alundum (Al2O3), the sacrificial material in described sacrificial material district be selected from tri-iron tetroxide, titania and alundum (Al2O3) one or more.
The application also proposed the pressure vessel and reactor that use above-mentioned fused mass arresting device.
The present invention mainly improves margin of safety greatly by reducing fused mass heat flow density, thus fused mass is detained in the apparatus.It mainly can be applicable to the fields such as nuclear energy engineering, Thermal Power Engineering, material engineering, and this device effectively can realize the delay of the interior fused mass of heap after major accident in high energy level pile, prevents fused mass from destroying containment, the effectively a large amount of radiomaterial release of prevention.The present invention is not only applied to high energy level pile, simultaneously by filling up the domestic technological gap existed in more extensive pressurized water reactor nuclear power station exploitation, provides reference frame for follow-up study designs more high energy level pile.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Specific descriptions by referring to following accompanying drawing are those skilled in the art's comprehend, in accompanying drawing by above and other feature and advantage of the present invention:
Fig. 1 is the elevation cross-sectional view of fused mass arresting device;
Fig. 2 is the sectional view of packoff;
Fig. 3 is the sectional view of intake apparatus.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiment.Wherein, identical Reference numeral is used for representing same or analogous parts.These embodiments are only illustrative, are never intended to the present invention is only only limited to these illustrative embodiments.
Fig. 1 shows the elevation cross-sectional view of the fused mass arresting device according to the embodiment of the present invention.Fused mass arresting device comprises drip catcher shell 11, drip catcher packoff 13, sacrificial material 19, intake apparatus 18 and heat-insulation layer 16.Sacrificial material 19 is arranged in drip catcher shell 11.Fused mass arresting device is integrally provided in the space surrounded by barrier shield 24.Drip catcher packoff 13 is sealably coupled to the outer wall of pressure vessel 21.Heat-insulation layer 16 is connected on pressure vessel support member 23.
As described in Figure 1, drip catcher shell 11 is cylindrical structurals of a cylindrical tube, spherically dished bottom head composition, and cylindrical shell and bottom (head) diameter are all greater than the size of pressure vessel 21.Its top is welded with the lower flange 133 of drip catcher packoff 13, and bottom is welded with the support member of intake apparatus 18, and sacrificial material 19 is equipped with in its inside.
Drip catcher shell 11 is for carrying all sacrificial material 19.Drip catcher shell 11 is parcel its interior components, and ensures the shielding that fused mass no longer leaks after pressure vessel 21 leakage.Therefore, when major accident occurs, drip catcher shell 11 is as the shielding of one fused mass continuation diffusion.It forms cooling duct with outside heat-insulation layer 16, can drip catcher external refrigeration be passed through, utilize cooling medium enhanced heat exchange to set out the heat of fused mass, ensure to greatest extent fused mass to be trapped in drip catcher shell 11, keep the security of reactor, to realize the object of severe accident relieving.
Preferably, drip catcher shell 11 adopts SA-508-3 forging and low alloy steel plate manufacture.The cylindrical shell upper limb of drip catcher shell 11 is about positioned at mid-height position, reactor core active region, and the space drip catcher packoff 13 between upper limb and pressure vessel 21 is filled.Whole drip catcher shell 11 forms confined space with pressure vessel 21 shell, can form effective shielding when pressure vessel bottom burn through.More preferably, namely lower head of pressure vessel starts to fill sacrificial material 19 below packoff 13, prevent break location on low head top.
As shown in Figure 2, be welded on the drip catcher packoff 13 on drip catcher shell 11 top, be made up of upper flange 131, lower flange 133, fastening bolt 135 and stuffing-box 137.Sealing device 13 is for sealing the gap between drip catcher shell 11 and pressure vessel 21 sidewall.On the basis of not breaking pressure container original structure, once there is pressure vessel bottom burn through, fused mass effectively can be controlled in drip catcher shell 11, prevent fused mass and accessory products spreads from gap.
Preferably, stuffing-box 137 adopts hard packing to seal.Preferably, drip catcher packoff 13 also comprises distinguish ring (not shown), and distinguish ring coordinates fastening bolt 135 press seal by upper and lower flange 131,133.This distinguish ring is preferably made with graphite, has higher heat-resisting and withstand voltage properties, and in ring after wearing and tearing, still can keep sealing property.
Sacrificial material 19 in drip catcher shell 11 is arranged in buffer zone 15 and sacrificial material district.Buffer zone 15 is similar with the structure in sacrificial material district, all can adopt the built-in sacrificial material 19 of multiaspect stuffing box 17, and in order to make effectively to contact cooling between stuffing box 17 with drip catcher shell 11, gap place adopts sacrificial material fragment of brick to fill.
Buffer zone 15 comprises shock-resistant sacrificial material, when pressure vessel burn through, carries and cushions the impulsive force because fused mass falls to bringing, and protection drip catcher support member transient stress is excessive.Advantageously, buffer zone 15 also comprises cellular multiaspect stuffing box 17, utilizes its stuffing box more side walls evenly to mix with fused mass, reduces the heat flow density of fused mass, plays and alleviates major accident effect.
Sacrificial material district comprises sacrificial material, is positioned at bottom, buffer zone 15, two region seamless links.A large amount of fused mass can dilute in sacrificial material district, greatly reduces fused mass heat flow density.Advantageously, sacrificial material district also comprises cellular multiaspect stuffing box 17, utilizes the heat flow density of the even all directions of multiaspect stuffing box.
Preferably, there is certain interval between the buffer zone 15 on upper strata and pressure vessel 21 low head on top, intermediate space is less, and surrounding gap is larger.Advantageously, buffer zone 15 upper surface becomes 60 ° of inclined-planes, plays certain guide functions, and surrounding gap is bigger simultaneously can prevent choking phenomenon, and clearance distance is 150-300mm.
Stuffing box 17 adopts cellular structure, effectively can realize fused mass from center to surrounding diffusion dilution, avoids fused mass to concentrate reaction in a certain place, also facilitates in-site installation simultaneously.In this embodiment, stuffing box 17 primary structure is octahedral module box hat composition, and material is carbon steel, inner filling sacrificial material 19.But, it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that other suitable shapes and material also can be used to stuffing box 17.Preferably, the sacrificial material 19 in buffer zone, upper strata 15 in stuffing box 17 is mainly Al
2o
3, can cushion top fused mass fall produce stress, with Al
2o
3reaction also can reach certain diluting effect.Sacrificial material 19 in sacrificial material district of lower floor in stuffing box 17 can select Fe
3o
4, TiO
2and Al
2o
3.Different for different sacrificial material volume used, under same volume, think Fe
3o
4the dilution effect of material is best, and namely wall maximum heat current density is minimum.Due to the restriction of space in containment and equipment layout, the space length of pressure vessel bottom is less than 2.5m, if with Fe
3o
4for sacrificial material, the sacrificial module arrangement height between drip catcher shell 11 and pressure vessel 21 is at least 2m, can ensure that drip catcher shell 11 place molten bath heat flow density reduces more than 40%.Preferably, according to fused mass total amount, the first-selected Fe of the sacrificial material in sacrificial material district of lower floor
3o
4, TiO
2and Al
2o
3mix with certain proportion.Because drip catcher shell 11 is hemi-spherical, stuffing box 17 is octahedra, therefore cannot combine closely between drip catcher shell 11 and stuffing box 17.For this reason, preferably, with Fe
3o
4fragment of brick is built into and is applicable to height, meets filling box 17 and installs.
Heat-insulation layer 16 continues to use IVR design concept, and settle outside drip catcher shell 11, its top is connected with heat pipe standoff part (not shown).On the top of heat-insulation layer 16, steam outlet 14 is set.Form narrow gap runner between heat-insulation layer 16 and drip catcher shell 11, drip catcher external refrigeration can be realized.As shown in the figure, heat-insulation layer 16 is made up of a cylindrical tube and bottom (head), and one week steam outlet 14 is arranged on cylindrical tube top, and cylindrical tube and heat pipe standoff part are welded, and bottom (head) is connected with intake apparatus 18.
Intake apparatus 18 is connected with drip catcher shell 11, for fixing drip catcher position from bottom support.Intake apparatus 18 is provided with water inlet and through hole, can ensure entering smoothly of cooling medium.As shown in Figure 3, intake apparatus 18 comprises drip catcher base for supporting 183, water inlet assembly 185 and support member through hole 181.Wherein water inlet assembly 185 comprises hinge and buoyancy automatic opening door, is the main thoroughfare of chilled water.Support member between drip catcher shell 11 and heat-insulation layer 16 also has enough through holes to ensure flow of cooling water.Water inlet assembly 185 is axially distributed on bottom intake apparatus 18.Preferably, intake apparatus 18 is welded in bottom drip catcher shell 11, and part supportive body is between drip catcher shell 11 and heat-insulation layer 16 in coolant flow channel.In order to not hinder cooling medium to circulate, open multiple through hole 181 at support section, and according to real reaction heap design aperture and quantity.
In work, in normal conditions, water inlet assembly 185 is closed.When a severe accident occurs, cooling medium floods bottom heap chamber, and water inlet assembly 185 is opened automatically, ensures the supply of cooling medium.Further, when high energy level pile generation major accident, reactor core fused mass forms molten bath in pressure vessel 21, because the molten bath heat flow density of high energy level pile can higher than critical heat flux density, lower head of pressure vessel easily lost efficacy, thus caused pressure vessel burn through, and fused mass leaks.When fused mass falls in drip catcher shell 11, when progressively there is physical-chemical reaction with the stuffing box 17 in buffer zone 15 and sacrificial material district and sacrificial material 19, by central area to surrounding be radioactivity spread, step-reaction reacts completely to the whole sacrificial material 19 in drip catcher shell 11.After fused mass and sacrificial material 19 react, sacrificial material 19 can play certain diluting effect, reduces the heat flow density in molten bath, estimates that molten bath heat flow density at least can reduce by 40%, well below the critical heat flux density at lower head of pressure vessel place.Whole buffer zone 15 and sacrificial material district coordinate with drip catcher shell coolant flow channel, effectively reduce the heat flow density of fused mass, reach fused mass cooling and the effect of being detained in drip catcher.
The present invention mainly utilizes sacrificial material self-characteristic and interstitital texture mode, when fused mass crashes into drip catcher from vessel bottom head, first react with sacrificial material box, fused mass can be realized from center to surrounding fusing diffusion owing to adopting polyhedral structure, final formation mixed melting pond, the heat flow density of this fusion pool in this device will reduce greatly, at least reduce by 40%, again by the non-active cooling of the outside narrow flow passage structure of drip catcher, final realization response heap fused mass out-pile is detained, thus enhance large-scale passive severe accident of PWR relief capabilities.
Above-described embodiment just implements exemplary approach of the present invention.Those skilled in the art can understand completely, and the present invention can also implement in other manners.Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, those skilled in the art can carry out various change, improvement and replacement.
Claims (10)
1. a fused mass arresting device, is characterized in that, comprise sacrificial material to reduce the heat flow density of fused mass, and described fused mass arresting device is sealably coupled to pressure vessel outer wall in described fused mass arresting device.
2. fused mass arresting device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, being tightly connected of described fused mass arresting device and described pressure vessel is realized by packoff, described packoff comprises upper flange, lower flange, stuffing-box and fastening bolt, the wherein outer wall close contact of upper flange and stuffing-box and pressure vessel, lower flange is linked together by described fastening bolt and upper flange thus makes described stuffing-box be positioned at the space surrounded by the outer wall of pressure vessel, upper flange and lower flange.
3. fused mass arresting device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described sacrificial material in described fused mass arresting device is arranged in the buffer zone in described fused mass arresting device with in sacrificial material district, sacrificial material district is compared closer to described pressure vessel in buffer zone, and the sacrificial material wherein in buffer zone also carries and cushions the impulsive force that fused mass falls to bringing while the heat flow density reducing fused mass.
4. fused mass arresting device as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, also comprise multiaspect stuffing box with the heat flow density of even all directions in described fused mass arresting device.
5. fused mass arresting device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described fused mass arresting device is sealably coupled to around the low head of described pressure vessel, and the height of described sacrificial material in described fused mass arresting device is higher than the height of described low head in described fused mass arresting device.
6. fused mass arresting device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described fused mass arresting device comprises shell, packoff, heat-insulation layer and intake apparatus, described fused mass arresting device is sealably coupled to pressure vessel outer wall by described shell and packoff, described sacrificial material is contained in described shell, heat-insulation layer is arranged on described housing exterior thus forms coolant flow channel, and described intake apparatus is connected the position supporting fixing described shell with described shell.
7. fused mass arresting device as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that, described intake apparatus comprises base for supporting, water inlet assembly and support member through hole, and wherein water inlet assembly comprises hinge and buoyancy automatic opening door.
8. fused mass arresting device as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, sacrificial material in described buffer zone is alundum (Al2O3), the sacrificial material in described sacrificial material district be selected from tri-iron tetroxide, titania and alundum (Al2O3) one or more.
9. a pressure vessel, is characterized in that, comprises the fused mass arresting device according to any one of the claims.
10. a reactor, is characterized in that, comprises the fused mass arresting device according to any one of the claims.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410416328.1A CN105374405A (en) | 2014-08-22 | 2014-08-22 | Reactor melt retention apparatus |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410416328.1A CN105374405A (en) | 2014-08-22 | 2014-08-22 | Reactor melt retention apparatus |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN105374405A true CN105374405A (en) | 2016-03-02 |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410416328.1A Pending CN105374405A (en) | 2014-08-22 | 2014-08-22 | Reactor melt retention apparatus |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106910537A (en) * | 2017-04-26 | 2017-06-30 | 上海核工程研究设计院 | A kind of protection device for protecting out-pile trap |
| CN107978378A (en) * | 2017-10-19 | 2018-05-01 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | A kind of reactor core melts capturing device |
| CN107993729A (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2018-05-04 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | A kind of fusant is detained container and the out-of-pile fusant gaseous-waste holdup system using the delay container |
| CN108538411A (en) * | 2018-03-08 | 2018-09-14 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | A kind of reactor core fusant capturing device that reactor pit is directly detained |
| CN113506646A (en) * | 2021-05-25 | 2021-10-15 | 上海交通大学 | Method and device for judging geometric structure of reactor core node in reactor core melting process |
| CN114141396A (en) * | 2021-12-09 | 2022-03-04 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | Reactor core melt cooling and collecting device |
| CN116030997A (en) * | 2023-02-14 | 2023-04-28 | 上海核工程研究设计院股份有限公司 | Method and device for relieving serious accidents of nuclear reactor by using sacrificial material |
| CN116386910A (en) * | 2022-11-28 | 2023-07-04 | 上海核工程研究设计院股份有限公司 | Reactor pressure vessel and method for improving retention effectiveness of reactor core melt |
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Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106910537A (en) * | 2017-04-26 | 2017-06-30 | 上海核工程研究设计院 | A kind of protection device for protecting out-pile trap |
| CN107978378B (en) * | 2017-10-19 | 2021-06-25 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | Reactor core melt trapping device |
| CN107978378A (en) * | 2017-10-19 | 2018-05-01 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | A kind of reactor core melts capturing device |
| CN107993729A (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2018-05-04 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | A kind of fusant is detained container and the out-of-pile fusant gaseous-waste holdup system using the delay container |
| CN107993729B (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2021-01-15 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | Melt retention vessel and out-of-core melt retention system using same |
| CN108538411B (en) * | 2018-03-08 | 2021-06-25 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | Reactor core melt trapping device for direct pit retention |
| CN108538411A (en) * | 2018-03-08 | 2018-09-14 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | A kind of reactor core fusant capturing device that reactor pit is directly detained |
| CN113506646A (en) * | 2021-05-25 | 2021-10-15 | 上海交通大学 | Method and device for judging geometric structure of reactor core node in reactor core melting process |
| CN113506646B (en) * | 2021-05-25 | 2022-08-23 | 上海交通大学 | Method and device for judging geometric structure of reactor core node in reactor core melting process |
| CN114141396A (en) * | 2021-12-09 | 2022-03-04 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | Reactor core melt cooling and collecting device |
| CN114141396B (en) * | 2021-12-09 | 2022-08-30 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | Reactor core melt cooling and collecting device |
| CN116386910A (en) * | 2022-11-28 | 2023-07-04 | 上海核工程研究设计院股份有限公司 | Reactor pressure vessel and method for improving retention effectiveness of reactor core melt |
| CN116386910B (en) * | 2022-11-28 | 2024-02-13 | 上海核工程研究设计院股份有限公司 | Reactor pressure vessel and method for improving retention effectiveness of reactor core melt |
| CN116030997A (en) * | 2023-02-14 | 2023-04-28 | 上海核工程研究设计院股份有限公司 | Method and device for relieving serious accidents of nuclear reactor by using sacrificial material |
| CN116030997B (en) * | 2023-02-14 | 2024-02-27 | 上海核工程研究设计院股份有限公司 | Method and device for relieving serious accidents of nuclear reactor by using sacrificial material |
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