CN116386910B - Reactor pressure vessel and method for improving retention effectiveness of reactor core melt - Google Patents
Reactor pressure vessel and method for improving retention effectiveness of reactor core melt Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN116386910B CN116386910B CN202211500695.0A CN202211500695A CN116386910B CN 116386910 B CN116386910 B CN 116386910B CN 202211500695 A CN202211500695 A CN 202211500695A CN 116386910 B CN116386910 B CN 116386910B
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- pressure vessel
- melt
- partition plate
- reactor
- metal layer
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- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/02—Arrangements or disposition of passages in which heat is transferred to the coolant; Coolant flow control devices
- G21C15/10—Arrangements or disposition of passages in which heat is transferred to the coolant; Coolant flow control devices from reflector or thermal shield
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C13/00—Pressure vessels; Containment vessels; Containment in general
- G21C13/02—Details
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Abstract
The invention discloses a reactor pressure vessel and a method for improving retention effectiveness of reactor core melt, comprising a reactor pressure vessel, wherein a baffle is arranged on a lower end enclosure of the reactor pressure vessel, the baffle is welded on the inner wall of the lower end enclosure through a plurality of support columns, and an included angle between the axis of the support column at the highest position and the axis of the pressure vessel is less than or equal to 90 degrees; a plurality of through holes are formed in the partition plate; after falling, the partition plate can absorb a part of heat in the metal layer in the melting process, and after the metal layer is completely melted, the partition plate can be melted into the metal layer, so that the volume of the metal layer is increased, the thickness is thickened, the contact area between the metal layer and the side wall of the pressure container is increased, the heat flow density of heat transfer between the metal layer and the side wall of the pressure container is reduced, the focusing effect is relieved, the failure probability of the pressure container is reduced, and the effectiveness of IVR is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of reactor pressure vessels, in particular to a reactor pressure vessel and a method for improving retention effectiveness of reactor core melt.
Background
The disclosure of this background section is only intended to increase the understanding of the general background of the invention and is not necessarily to be construed as an admission or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
When a severe accident occurs in the nuclear reactor to melt the core, if the core melt falls to the bottom head, the pressure vessel will bear the loads such as a temperature field generated by heat transfer of the melt to the wall surface of the pressure vessel, an internal high pressure (if the main loop is not depressurized), the weight of the pressure vessel itself, the weight of the melt, and thermal-chemical impact of the core melt, so that the bottom head of the pressure vessel exceeds the strength limit to be totally failed or is subjected to local thermal-chemical load impact to be partially failed.
In addition, after the melt forms a melting tank at the lower end socket, the materials are not compatible to generate layering, so that the metal layer is positioned on the upper part of the oxide layer, and because the metal layer is thinner, the heat flux density is concentrated at the contact position of the pressure container and the metal layer, and the heat flux density of the area is inversely proportional to the thickness of the metal layer, so that a focusing effect is generated. The "focusing effect" can result in the reactor pressure vessel sidewall in contact with the metal layer being subjected to a higher heat flux density, increasing the risk of pressure vessel failure.
Therefore, how to reduce the heat flux density of the core melt on the wall surface of the pressure vessel by relieving the focusing effect, reduce the failure probability of the pressure vessel, and improve the effectiveness of the in-pile retention (IVR) of the melt is an important technical problem to be solved at present.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the invention provides a reactor pressure vessel and a method for improving the retention effectiveness of core melt.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
in a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a reactor pressure vessel for improving the retention efficiency of core melt, comprising a reactor pressure vessel, a lower head of the reactor pressure vessel is provided with a partition plate, the partition plate is fixed on an inner wall of the lower head through a plurality of support columns, and an included angle between an axis of a support column at a highest position and an axis of the pressure vessel is less than or equal to 90 °; and a plurality of through holes are formed in the partition plate.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the shape of the partition plate is U-shaped or the same as the shape of the pressure vessel bottom head, and the partition plate extends into the pressure vessel bottom head, and the wall thickness of the partition plate is not smaller than the wall thickness of the pressure vessel.
In some embodiments of the invention, both the spacer and support post are made of steel.
In some embodiments of the invention, the through hole is circular or polygonal.
In some embodiments of the invention, the distance between the baffle plate and the inner wall of the lower head of the reactor pressure vessel is between 100mm and 600 mm.
In a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for improving the retention efficiency of molten core, which alleviates the focusing effect by absorbing heat in a metal layer during melting by a baffle plate and increasing the thickness of the metal layer after the baffle plate is melted when a serious accident occurs in a reactor to cause melting of the core.
In some embodiments of the invention, when the core begins to melt, the core melt first falls into the diaphragm, flows from the through holes of the diaphragm into the pressure vessel bottom head, the melt reaches the level of the lower surface of the diaphragm and dips the bottom of the diaphragm, and the portion of the diaphragm and support column that were immersed in the melt are melted by heat.
In some embodiments of the invention, the baffle is used to block direct contact of the core melt with the reactor pressure vessel bottom head, thereby blocking direct impingement of the melt on the bottom head.
In some embodiments of the invention, the through holes on the partition plate disperse the core melt and flow into the lower head, so as to play a role in stirring the melt at the initial stage of falling of the melt, prevent the melt from layering and relieve the focusing effect; the contact area between the melt and the coolant in the lower seal head is increased after the melt is shunted through the through holes, so that heat exchange is enhanced, and the heat load on the wall surface of the pressure vessel is reduced.
One or more of the technical schemes of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) According to the reactor pressure vessel, after the reactor is melted due to serious accidents, when the reactor core melt starts to migrate to the lower seal head, the reactor core melt firstly falls into the baffle plate, so that direct contact between the reactor core melt and the lower seal head of the reactor pressure vessel is blocked, and direct impact of the melt on the lower seal head is blocked.
(2) According to the reactor pressure vessel, after reactor core melt falls into the U-shaped partition plate, the reactor core melt can be dispersed from the through holes on the partition plate to flow into the lower seal head, and the reactor pressure vessel plays a role in stirring the melt at the initial stage of falling of the melt, so that the layering of the melt is prevented, and the focusing effect is relieved. In addition, the melt can be dispersed and flowed out through the through holes on the partition plate, so that the contact area between the melt and the coolant in the lower seal head can be increased, the heat exchange is enhanced, and the heat load on the wall surface of the pressure vessel is reduced.
(3) According to the reactor pressure vessel, the U-shaped partition plate extending into the lower end enclosure is arranged in the reactor pressure vessel, when a reactor accident happens and a reactor core is molten, the reactor core melt firstly falls into the U-shaped partition plate and then flows into the lower end enclosure of the pressure vessel from the through holes of the partition plate, and as the U-shaped partition plate extends into the lower end enclosure, the melt flowing into the gap between the partition plate and the lower end enclosure can reach the height of the lower surface of the partition plate quickly and soak the bottom of the partition plate, and part of the partition plate and the support columns soaked in the melt are heated and melted, so that the thickness of a metal layer in the melt is increased.
(4) When the reactor pressure vessel is melted in a large quantity of reactor cores and the melt reaches a certain height in the lower end enclosure of the pressure vessel, all support columns are fused, and part of the partition plates which are not melted at the upper part fall into the melt. After the separator falls, heat in a part of the metal layer can be absorbed in the melting process, after the metal layer is completely melted, the metal layer can be melted into the metal layer, so that the volume of the metal layer is increased, the thickness is thickened, the contact area between the metal layer and the side wall of the pressure container is increased, the heat flow density of heat transfer between the metal layer and the side wall of the pressure container is reduced, the focusing effect is relieved, the failure probability of the pressure container is reduced, and the effectiveness of IVR is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of a reactor pressure vessel of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of core melt after core melting has occurred;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the core melt distribution after the bottom partitions and support columns are melted;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the core melt distribution after the baffles and support columns are fully melted.
In the figure: 1. a core; 2. a partition plate; 3. a support column; 4. a reactor pressure vessel; 5. a core melt metal layer; 6. a core melt oxide layer.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments in accordance with the present application. As used herein, the singular is also intended to include the plural unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, and furthermore, it is to be understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" when used in this specification are taken to specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof.
For convenience of description, the words "upper", "lower", "left" and "right" in the present invention, if they mean only that the directions are consistent with the upper, lower, left, and right directions of the drawings per se, and do not limit the structure, only for convenience of description and simplification of the description, but do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or element to be referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Example 1
In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a reactor pressure vessel for improving the retention efficiency of core melt is provided, as shown in fig. 1, and includes a reactor pressure vessel 4, a lower end enclosure of the reactor pressure vessel is provided with a baffle plate 2, the baffle plate 2 is fixed on an inner wall of the lower end enclosure through a plurality of support columns 3, and an included angle between an axis of a support column at a highest position and an axis of the pressure vessel is less than or equal to 90 °; the baffle is provided with a plurality of through holes, after the reactor core melt falls into the U-shaped baffle, the reactor core melt can be dispersed from the through holes on the baffle to flow into the lower seal head, and the melt is stirred at the initial stage of falling, so that the layering of the melt is prevented, and the focusing effect is relieved; meanwhile, the melt can be dispersed and flowed out through the through holes on the partition plate, so that the contact area between the melt and the coolant in the lower seal head can be increased, the heat exchange is enhanced, and the heat load on the wall surface of the pressure vessel is reduced.
Further, the partition plate 2 is U-shaped or is the same as the lower end socket of the pressure vessel in shape and extends into the end socket, and the wall thickness of the partition plate is not smaller than the wall thickness of the pressure vessel, so that the melt can reach the height of the partition plate as soon as possible when falling on the lower end socket of the pressure vessel, thereby contacting with the melt. In addition, a gap which is large enough should be reserved between the partition plate and the pressure vessel, and the distance between the partition plate and the inner wall of the lower end socket of the reactor pressure vessel is between 100mm and 600mm, so that the coolant can smoothly pass through the reactor without influencing the normal operation of the reactor.
Further, the diaphragm installed inside the reactor pressure vessel serves as a sacrificial material after the core is melted, and the diaphragm also serves the following functions: when the reactor core melt starts to migrate to the lower end enclosure, the reactor core melt firstly falls into the baffle plate, so that the reactor core melt is prevented from directly contacting the lower end enclosure of the reactor pressure vessel, and the direct impact of the melt on the lower end enclosure is prevented; the partition board is connected with the pressure vessel through a support column; the diaphragm and the support column are made of steel materials similar to the components of the internal components or the pressure vessel, and stainless steel is deposited on the surface of the diaphragm and the support column, and the deposited stainless steel is similar or identical to the deposited stainless steel on the surface of the internal components or the pressure vessel.
Further, how many support columns are evenly distributed on the wall of the bottom head, the strength of the support columns should be sufficient to withstand the weight of the diaphragm, core and internals.
Further, a certain number of through holes are arranged on the partition plate, the through holes are round or polygonal, and the partition plate is separated from the inner wall surface of the lower seal head by a certain distance, so that coolant can pass through both sides of the partition plate, and the normal operation of the reactor is ensured not to be influenced by the partition plate; when the reactor is in serious accident to melt the reactor core, part of the melt can leak into the gap between the baffle plate and the pressure vessel through the through hole, so that the heated areas of the baffle plate and the support columns are increased, and the baffle plate and the support columns can be melted as soon as possible.
Further, when the height of the melt reaches a certain value, all the support columns can be fused, so that the upper partition plate falls into the metal layer of the melt, the density of the partition plate is smaller than that of the oxide layer, and therefore the partition plate can be positioned at the upper part of the melt, heat is absorbed when the partition plate is fused, the volume of the metal layer is increased after the partition plate is fused, the focusing effect is relieved, and the heat flow density of heat transfer of the metal layer to the wall surface of the pressure container is reduced.
According to the reactor pressure vessel provided by the embodiment, the partition plate is used as a sacrificial material, after falling, the partition plate absorbs a part of heat in the metal layer in the melting process, and after complete melting, the partition plate can be melted into the metal layer, so that the volume of the metal layer is increased, the thickness is thickened, the contact area between the metal layer and the side wall of the pressure vessel is increased, the heat flow density of heat transfer between the metal layer and the side wall of the pressure vessel is reduced, the focusing effect is relieved, the failure probability of the pressure vessel is reduced, and the IVR effectiveness is improved.
Example 2
In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a method for improving the retention efficiency of core melt is proposed, as shown in fig. 2 to 4, when a serious accident of a reactor occurs to melt a core, the core melt includes a core melt metal layer 5 and a core melt oxide layer 6, and the heat in the metal layer is absorbed by a separator during the melting process and the thickness of the metal layer is increased after the separator is melted, thereby alleviating a focusing effect.
Further, when the core starts to melt, the core melt firstly falls into the partition plate, flows into the pressure vessel lower end socket from the through hole of the partition plate, and the melt reaches the height of the lower surface of the partition plate and soaks the bottom of the partition plate, and part of the partition plate and the support columns soaked in the melt are melted by heating.
Further, the baffle plate is used for preventing direct contact between the reactor core melt and the lower end enclosure of the reactor pressure vessel, so as to further prevent direct impact of the melt on the lower end enclosure.
Further, through holes in the partition plate disperse and flow into the lower seal head, so that the molten iron is stirred at the initial stage of falling of the molten iron, layering of the molten iron is prevented, and focusing effect is relieved; the contact area between the melt and the coolant in the lower seal head is increased after the melt is shunted through the through holes, so that heat exchange is enhanced, and the heat load on the wall surface of the pressure vessel is reduced.
When more reactor cores are melted and the melt reaches a certain height in the lower end enclosure of the pressure vessel, all support columns are fused, and part of the partition plates which are not melted at the upper part fall into the melt, so that most of the unmelted partition plates float in the metal layer because the density of the partition plates is smaller than that of the oxide layer in the melt.
After falling, the partition plate can absorb heat in a part of the metal layer in the melting process, and after the metal layer is completely melted, the partition plate can be melted into the metal layer, so that the volume of the metal layer is increased, the thickness is thickened, the contact area between the partition plate and the side wall of the pressure container is increased, and the focusing effect is relieved.
According to the method for improving the retention effectiveness of the core melt, after the partition plate and the support columns are completely melted, the volume of the metal layer in the melt and the contact area of the metal layer with the pressure vessel are increased, so that the focusing effect of the metal layer on the wall surface of the pressure vessel can be relieved, the heat flow density of the metal layer on the wall surface of the pressure vessel for heat transfer is reduced, and the failure probability of the pressure vessel is reduced.
While the foregoing embodiments have been described in detail in connection with the embodiments of the invention, it should be understood that the foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention, and any modifications, additions, substitutions and the like made within the principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The reactor pressure vessel for improving the retention effectiveness of the reactor core melt comprises a reactor pressure vessel and is characterized in that a baffle is arranged on a lower end enclosure of the reactor pressure vessel, the baffle is fixed on the inner wall of the lower end enclosure through a plurality of support columns, and the included angle between the axis of the support column at the highest position and the axis of the pressure vessel is less than or equal to 90 degrees, so that when the height of the melt reaches a certain value, all the support columns can be fused, and the upper baffle falls into a metal layer of the melt, and the density of the baffle is less than that of an oxide layer, so that the baffle is positioned at the upper part of the melt, absorbs heat when the baffle melts, and increases the volume of the metal layer after melting; a plurality of through holes are formed in the partition plate;
the shape of the partition plate is U-shaped or the same as the shape of the pressure vessel lower end socket and extends into the pressure vessel lower end socket, and the wall thickness of the partition plate is not smaller than the wall thickness of the pressure vessel;
the distance between the partition plate and the inner wall of the lower seal head of the reactor pressure vessel is 100-600 mm.
2. The reactor pressure vessel of claim 1 wherein the baffles and support columns are each steel.
3. The reactor pressure vessel for improving the efficiency of core melt retention of claim 1, wherein the through holes are circular or polygonal.
4. A method for improving the retention efficiency of core melt by using the reactor pressure vessel as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein when a serious accident occurs in the reactor to melt the core, the heat in the metal layer is absorbed by the partition plates during the melting process and the thickness of the metal layer is increased after the partition plates are melted, thereby relieving the focusing effect.
5. The method for improving the retention efficiency of molten core as set forth in claim 4, wherein when the molten core begins to melt, the molten core first falls into the partition plate, flows from the through holes of the partition plate into the lower head of the pressure vessel, the molten core reaches the height of the lower surface of the partition plate and dips the bottom of the partition plate, and the portion of the partition plate and the support column immersed in the molten core is melted by heat.
6. The method of improving the retention effectiveness of molten core of claim 4, wherein the baffle is adapted to inhibit direct contact of the molten core with the lower head of the reactor pressure vessel, thereby inhibiting direct impingement of the molten core with the lower head.
7. The method for improving retention effectiveness of molten core of claim 6, wherein the through holes in the partition plate disperse the molten core into the lower head, and the molten core is stirred at the initial stage of falling, so as to prevent the molten core from layering and relieve focusing effect; the contact area between the melt and the coolant in the lower seal head is increased after the melt is shunted through the through holes, so that heat exchange is enhanced, and the heat load on the wall surface of the pressure vessel is reduced.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211500695.0A CN116386910B (en) | 2022-11-28 | 2022-11-28 | Reactor pressure vessel and method for improving retention effectiveness of reactor core melt |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202211500695.0A CN116386910B (en) | 2022-11-28 | 2022-11-28 | Reactor pressure vessel and method for improving retention effectiveness of reactor core melt |
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| CN116386910A CN116386910A (en) | 2023-07-04 |
| CN116386910B true CN116386910B (en) | 2024-02-13 |
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2022
- 2022-11-28 CN CN202211500695.0A patent/CN116386910B/en active Active
Patent Citations (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JPS50125196A (en) * | 1974-03-20 | 1975-10-01 | ||
| JPS5298889A (en) * | 1976-02-11 | 1977-08-19 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Core molten matter collecting device |
| US6195405B1 (en) * | 1996-09-25 | 2001-02-27 | Il Soon Hwang | Gap structure for nuclear reactor vessel |
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| CN116386910A (en) | 2023-07-04 |
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