CN105548729B - A kind of method for fast measuring of array antenna radiation characteristic - Google Patents
A kind of method for fast measuring of array antenna radiation characteristic Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of method for fast measuring of array antenna radiation characteristic, in non-dark room conditions, emit signal to antenna to be measured is emitted using transceiver, by by by the mobile probe received signal in track and passing transceiver back, delivery outlet face near field value is calculated through main control computer, the directional diagram of array antenna to be measured is synthesized further according to mouth face near field value, to obtain the Radiation Characteristics Parameters numerical value of array antenna.This method does not have particular/special requirement to measurement environment, it is not limited by place size, weather etc., without stringent shielded anechoic chamber, can be carried out measuring in the production environment or development environment of antenna, test speed is fast, high-efficient, test device occupied area is small, it can measure at any time, convenient and efficient, test result is comprehensively, accurately, especially suitable for being used as Preliminary detection as quickly detection antenna product, and when researching and developing product antenna on production line.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method for fast measuring of array antenna radiation characteristic, belong to array antenna technique field.
Background technique
With the development of the wireless communication techniques such as mobile communication, antenna technology has also obtained faster development.Wherein, array
Antenna feeds driving source diversity with it, scanning form flexibility, is conducive to the features such as conformal design and intelligent management, obtains
It is more and more widely used, becomes a kind of maximum antenna of installation amount in mobile communication cell net.In China, for fund and
The considerations of soil, environmental protection, construction period etc., usually multiple cellular systems of multiple operators were arranged same
On base station, multiple cellular system common pylons, and also each cellular system configures mutiple antennas, and the interference in the colocated station under this scene is asked
Topic is obvious.As cellular system becomes increasingly complex, the radiation index for that can influence interference in the colocated station problem is wanted
It asks and is increasingly stringenter, such as the lobe width of array antenna, the main lobe direction of vertical plane, sidelobe level etc., need to go out in antenna
Radiation index is detected in time when factory.
Currently, there are two types of the basic skills of the antenna pattern of measurement antenna:
One, far-field measurement method
Far-field measurement method is to emit electromagnetic wave by being located at the source antenna in far field, and electromagnetic wave is approximately that plane wave form is irradiated to
Antenna to be measured detects its receiving pattern at antenna port to be measured.During actual measurement, need antenna to be measured and
Source antenna pulls open larger distance, rotates antenna to be measured on one side, records the transmission coefficient between source antenna and antenna to be measured on one side, from
And obtain its directional diagram.Far-field measurement method is intuitive, simple, and testing cost is low, but its disadvantage it is also obvious that 1. test result by
External environment influences greatly, such as electromagnetic environment, place reflection, weather, time etc., can not even be tested under adverse circumstances；
2. reception and transmission range will meet far field test condition, the distance between source antenna and antenna to be measured L > 2D2(D is array day to be measured to/λ
The maximum caliber of line, λ are the wavelength of test frequency)；Measuring distance is remote, and testing cost is very high；3. measurement can only obtain one every time
Array pattern under kind exiting form, and for the array antenna of multiple activation form, array pattern test is more difficult.
Two, near field measurement method
The basic principle of near field measurement method is that the induction of a closing face of antenna is nearby surrounded using probe detection antenna
, and with cottonrose hibiscus (LOVE) principle of equal effects is drawn, utilize induction field computation far field.Near field measurement method directly measures the induction near antenna
, do not need very big test site；But due to the near field for needing to measure a closing face, data volume is big.In order to accelerate to scan
Speed, some systems use Multi probe technology.Near field measurement method algorithm is complicated, and Multi probe technology more brings the consistent of probe
Property, a series of problems, such as position correction, and in order to reduce the mutual interference between probe again limit test macro cannot be too small, or visit
Head number cannot be excessive.Therefore near-field measurement system system complicated composition, calibration, maintenance cost are high.
The test method of above two antenna radiation characteristics, test site has strict demand, and test equipment is huge
Greatly, test speed is slow, low efficiency, and testing cost is high, cannot achieve quick, the timely measurement to antenna.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to be directed to above-mentioned existing problem and shortage, provide that a kind of test speed is fast, efficiency
Height, equipment volume are small, test site requires low array antenna radiation characteristic method for fast measuring, do for antenna workshop
Array antenna produces exfactory inspection, quality control uses, or for using when preliminary test antenna performance in R&D process.
To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of method for fast measuring of array antenna radiation characteristic, be under the control of main control computer, sender pass through to
Observation line emits signal, by mouth face near Antenna aperture to be measured, by the mobile probe reception aerial radiation to be measured in track
Near field electromagnetic wave signal simultaneously passes receiver back, and main control computer reads the face near field value that receiver receives, further according to mouth face near field
Value calculates the directivity function of antenna to be measured, to obtain the Radiation Characteristics Parameters numerical value in the primary radiation face of its antenna to be measured.
A further improvement of the present invention is that: the Radiation Characteristics Parameters include main lobe width, sidelobe level, main lobe side
To, zero deep, cross polarization ratio, absolute gain.
A further improvement of the present invention is that: the specific steps of the measurement method are as follows:
A, under the driving of main control computer, sender will emit signal and launch through antenna to be measured, be located to observation
Probe near above line receives the mouth face near-field signals of antenna transmitting to be measured, and is transmitted to main control computer through receiver, passes through
The calculating of main control computer exports Antenna aperture near field to be measured value；
If antenna to be measured is single port, probe is under the driving of main control computer along antenna primary radiation face to be measured in one-dimensional
Linear movement；If antenna to be measured is multiport, probe is in along antenna primary radiation face to be measured under the driving of main control computer
Two-dimensional mesh format is mobile；
B, mouth face near field value is converted to the directivity function of antenna to be measured；
1. when probe with it is one-dimensional linear mobile when, the directivity function F (θ) of array antenna to be measured are as follows:
In formula,
D is scanning probe point spacing；
θ is the angle of site Yu battle array axis；
λ is the wavelength for emitting signal；
J is standard imaginary unit (- 1 extraction of square root)；
N is measurement points, and n refers to n-th of measurement point；
Tn=TN, real+jTN, imag, it is to pop one's head in the mouth face that each measurement point obtains value, wherein Treal、TimagRespectively
It is the real and imaginary parts of mouthful face value；
2. when probe is mobile with two-dimensional mesh format, the directional diagram F (θ) of array antenna to be measured are as follows:
In formula,
dx、dySampling spacing respectively on the direction x, y；
θ is the angle of site and battle array plane normal；
The angle of the projection and x-axis that are site vector in xoy plane；
λ is the wavelength for emitting signal；
J is standard imaginary unit (- 1 extraction of square root)；
M, N is respectively the direction x, the measurement points on the direction y；M refers to that m-th of measurement point, n refer to the side y on the direction x
Upward n-th of measurement point；
Tmn=TMn, real+ jTMn, imag, it is to pop one's head in the mouth face that each measurement point obtains value, wherein Treal、TimagPoint
It is not the real and imaginary parts of mouthful face value；
C, go out the Radiation Characteristics Parameters in array antenna primary radiation face by antenna direction function call to be measured；
1. directional diagram is drawn out according to the directivity function of antenna to be measured, by the main lobe for directly reading antenna to be measured in directional diagram
Width, sidelobe level, main lobe direction, zero deep level；
2. being tested under identical and quadrature condition in the polarization mode of probe with the polarization mode of antenna to be measured respectively, obtain same
Polarization direction function and cross polarization directivity function compare parameter compared to the cross polarization for obtaining antenna to be measured more afterwards；
3. the directivity function of testing standard gain antenna, the maximum value of the directivity function of standard of comparison gain antenna and to be measured
The maximum value of the directivity function of antenna obtains absolute gain of an antenna to be measured.
A further improvement of the present invention is that: it when the one-dimensional linear movement of the probe, is moved along the central axes of antenna to be measured
It is dynamic；When the probe two-dimensional grid is mobile, two-dimensional scanning is done on antenna primary radiation mouth face to be measured, scanning range is not less than array
Antenna plane range.
A further improvement of the present invention is that: when the probe two-dimensional grid is mobile, scanning axial length is to observation
Line fore-and-aft plane length both ends respectively extend out 10~20cm, and scanning transverse width is the width of antenna transverse plane to be measured.
A further improvement of the present invention is that: the device for array antenna radiation characteristic rapid survey includes scanning machine
Structure, sender II, receiver III and main control computer I, the sender II, receiver III, sweep mechanism respectively with control its
The main control computer I of operation is connected；The sweep mechanism includes for placing the station 2 of antenna 1, above antenna 1
5 drivers 7 that move horizontally of probe 5 and driving probe, the probe 5 driver 7 driving under realize in antenna to be measured
The movement of top arbitrary coordinate position, driver 7 are connected with main control computer I；The sender II and 1 phase of antenna to be measured
Even, receiver III is connected with probe 5；One RF switch IV of connection setting between sender II and antenna measurement connector to be measured,
Realize the continuous scanning to array antenna plane.
A further improvement of the present invention is that: the probe is dual polarization probe.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
The present invention provides a kind of method for fast measuring of array antenna radiation characteristic, measure antenna master using near field technique
The mouth face near field value of radiating surface, then calculated by mouth face near field value to the far-field pattern in array antenna primary radiation face.This method
Realize the rapid survey to the radiation characteristic of array antenna, and there is no particular/special requirement to measurement environment, not by place size,
The limitation of weather etc. can be carried out in the production environment or research and development use environment of antenna without stringent shielded anechoic chamber
Measurement, test speed is fast, high-efficient, and test device occupied area is small, can measure at any time, convenient and efficient.Use the present invention
Measurement method can construct the directional diagram in array antenna primary radiation face, can be with quantitative measurment direction by array aerial direction figure
The antennas main indicators such as property coefficient, main lobe direction, main lobe width, cross polarization ratio, sidelobe level, and can by with standard antenna
The main indicators such as the method measurement antenna gain of comparison, test result are comprehensively, accurately, quick especially suitable for being used as on production line
Antenna product is detected, and antenna is used as Preliminary detection when researching and developing product.
Using one-dimensional scanning method, array aerial direction figure characteristic within 3 meters of a pair can be completed in 30 seconds to 1 minute
Measurement, speed is fast, high-efficient, result precision is high, be suitble to antenna manufacturer to factory product carry out quality testing.It uses
Two-dimensional scanning method, measuring device size do not increase, and realize the automatic switchover port of multiport array antenna, probe
Two-dimensional grid scanning continuously can be done on the face of antenna primary radiation face mouthful, be suitble to the preliminary surveying planar array in antenna R&D process
The three-dimensional figure characteristic of array antenna.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is present system connection schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of rapid measurement device of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of rapid measurement device sweep mechanism of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the variable schematic diagram in present invention one-dimensional movement calculation formula；
Fig. 5 is the variable schematic diagram in two-dimensional movement calculation formula of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the directional diagram in the array antenna primary radiation face measured under 1 different frequency of embodiment；
Fig. 7 be the antenna to be measured of embodiment 1 respectively by the method for the invention, the comparison directional diagram that measures of far-field measurement method；
Fig. 8 is the three-dimensional radiation directional diagram for the array antenna that embodiment 2 measures；
Fig. 9 be embodiment 2 by the method for the invention, the antennas orthogonal to be measured that measures of far-field measurement method faces than directional diagram；
Figure 10 is 2 cross-polar pattern of embodiment；
Figure 11 is 2 gain pattern of embodiment；
Each label in figure are as follows: 1, antenna to be measured, 2, station, 3, pedestal, 4, bracket, 5, probe, 6, horizontal moving frame, 7,
Driver；I, main control computer, II, sender, III, receiver, IV, RF switch.
Specific embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, invention is further described in detail, but embodiment is not the scope of the present invention
Limitation.
For directional array antenna, the main radiation field of antenna is gone out through primary radiation surface radiation, and the spoke at the back side
It penetrates relatively very small, almost can be ignored compared with the radiation in primary radiation face.Therefore, the method for the present invention simplifies measurement model
It encloses, only measures the radiation characteristic index in array antenna primary radiation face, enormously simplify measurement workload.
For antenna manufacturer, the mass measurement of antenna does not need to carry out essence to all radiation indexs of antenna
True measurement；And the basic indexs such as its main lobe direction, lobe width, gain are mainly measured, as long as these basic indexs satisfaction is wanted
It asks, this means that feed amplitude, the phase controlling of the unit of antenna are correctly, the antenna quality produced is qualified.Cause
This, the method for the present invention has simplified the Radiation Characteristics Parameters to be detected, and only selects main several basic indexs.When producer's production of linear
When array, what is most paid close attention to is often the face axis V directional diagram, it is only necessary to be measured in antenna primary radiation face along the one-dimensional mouth of axis distribution
Face near field, so that it may extrapolate the face V directional diagram, be further simplified this method.
A kind of method for fast measuring of array antenna radiation characteristic emits signal to antenna to be measured using sender, by one
The mobile probe received signal of fixed track simultaneously passes receiver back, delivery outlet face near field value is calculated through main control computer, further according to mouth
Face near field value calculates the directivity function of antenna to be measured；By the directivity function of antenna to be measured, main lobe width, secondary lobe electricity are obtained
Flat, main lobe direction, zero deep level, cross polarization ratio, absolute gain these Radiation Characteristics Parameters numerical value.
Specific measuring process are as follows:
A, under the driving of main control computer, sender is sent to antenna to be measured for signal is emitted, and is located on antenna to be measured
The probe in square opening face receives the electromagnetic field value of antenna transmitting to be measured, is transferred to main control computer by receiver, calculates through master control
The calculating of machine exports Antenna aperture near field to be measured value；
In measurement process, the motion track of probe includes that one-dimensional linear movement and two-dimensional mesh format are mobile.If to be measured
Antenna is single port, and probe linear is moved along antenna primary radiation face to be measured in one-dimensional under the driving of main control computer；If
Antenna to be measured is multiport, and probe is moved along antenna primary radiation face to be measured in two-dimensional mesh format under the driving of main control computer
It is dynamic.
The motion track of probe is mentioned according to each unit point position of antenna to be measured by main control computer by survey crew
Before set.
B, convert mouth face near field value to by specific formula the directivity function of antenna to be measured；
1. when probe with it is one-dimensional linear mobile when, the directivity function F (θ) of array antenna to be measured are as follows:
2. when probe is mobile with two-dimensional mesh format, the directional diagram F (θ) of array antenna to be measured are as follows:
C, go out the Radiation Characteristics Parameters in array antenna primary radiation face by antenna direction function call to be measured；
1. directional diagram is drawn out according to the directivity function of antenna to be measured, by the main lobe for directly reading antenna to be measured in directional diagram
Width, sidelobe level, main lobe direction, zero deep level；
2. being tested under identical and quadrature condition in the polarization mode of probe with the polarization mode of antenna to be measured respectively, obtain same
Polarization direction function and cross polarization directivity function compare parameter compared to the cross polarization for obtaining antenna to be measured more afterwards；
3. the directivity function of testing standard gain antenna, the maximum value of the directivity function of standard of comparison gain antenna and to be measured
The maximum value of the directivity function of antenna obtains absolute gain of an antenna to be measured.
The measurement space of the method for the present invention is common non-dark room conditions, is limited without specific condition.Measurement dress of the invention
It sets, including sweep mechanism, sender II, receiver III, RF switch V and main control computer I, the sender II, receiver
III and sweep mechanism respectively with control its operation main control computer I be connected, test of the sender II also with antenna 1 to be measured
Connector is connected, and is used under main control computer driving to 1 transmission of electromagnetic signals of antenna to be measured.The sweep mechanism for detect to
The transmitting signal of observation line 1, and signal data is reached on coupled receiver III.The acquisition of receiver III receives letter
After number, transmit data on connected main control computer I.The main control computer I controls sweep mechanism, sender
II, receiver III, while the data that analysis obtains are handled, calculate the mouth face near field value for exporting antenna to be measured.Sender II with
One RF switch IV is set between the port of antenna to be measured, after multiple ports of antenna to be measured are connected with RF switch IV respectively,
The working line that converting radio-frequency switch IV is controlled by main control computer I, the dismounting without carrying out route, which connects, to be achieved that pair
Whole scannings in antenna primary radiation face to be measured.Eight throw switch of double-pole can be selected in RF switch IV.
The structure of the sweep mechanism is as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3, including station 2, pedestal 3, horizontal moving frame 6 and probe 5.
On the ground, the top surface of station 2 is a horizontal plane, for placing antenna 1 to be measured for the fixed setting of station 2.The bottom
Seat 3 is placed on the side of station 2, and the bottom end of pedestal 3 is arranged the idler wheel being moved easily, pedestal 3 is placed into suitable position
Afterwards, it is bolted and is arranged on ground.The setting of horizontal moving frame 6 on the base 3, is fixedly installed in horizontal moving frame 6
Bracket 4, probe 5 are mounted on bracket 4 and are located at the side for placing 2 top of station of antenna 1 to be measured.Probe 5 with receiver III into
Row connection, is controlled by horizontal moving frame 6 and is moved, and collects electromagnetic signal in each measurement point of antenna 1 to be measured.
The pedestal 3 is square frame structure, cylinder is arranged at the top of pedestal 3, the cylinder is arranged vertically, cylinder
Cylinder body is fixed on the base 3；A height adjusting block is fixedly installed on the piston rod of cylinder, the height adjusting block is square plate knot
Structure, for the horizontal stable for guaranteeing height adjusting block, cylinder setting is multiple, is evenly arranged on the bottom of height adjusting block.
The horizontal moving frame 6 is fixed in height adjusting block, and horizontal moving frame 6 includes guide rail and sliding block.It is described
Guide rail is horizontally disposed, including transverse shifting guide rail and longitudinal movement rail, and transverse shifting guide rail and longitudinal movement rail are same
It is mutually perpendicular on horizontal plane.The sliding block is inlaid in guide rail, on sliding block be fixedly installed bracket 4, sliding block simultaneously also with driver 7
It is connected, driver 7 is connect with main control computer I, and under the control of main control computer I, driver 7 is sliding in guide rail with movable slider
It moves, adjusts moving direction and moving distance, and then drive bracket 4 and its probe 5 above mobile, realize probe above antenna
Movement, the scanning of arbitrary coordinate position.
The bracket 4 includes vertical bar and cross bar, and the vertical bar is arranged be fixed in horizontal moving frame 6 vertically, described
The horizontal horizontal top in vertical bar of cross bar, one end and the vertical bar of cross bar are fixedly linked；The other end of cross bar is fixedly connected with probe 5,
The working face of probe 5 is disposed vertically downward.Since a part of bracket 4 is located at the surface of antenna 1, to prevent metal to signal
It interferes, guarantees the accurate of measurement result, bracket 4 is made using nonmetallic.Inclination is fixedly installed between vertical bar and cross bar
The pull rod of arrangement, so that probe 5 is straight down, is mutually perpendicular to for keeping cross bar to be in a horizontal state with the primary radiation face of antenna.
One end of pull rod is fixedly connected on the top of vertical bar；The pull rod that the other end of pull rod is connected with one end of cross bar setting probe.
Embodiment 1
One secondary single port antenna is measured using the method for the present invention, 1.5 meters of the length of antenna, antenna frequencies to be measured are
1710~2170MHz, designing gain are 5 degree of main lobe width, 2 degree of main lobe direction.
Probe is scanned using one-dimensional linear movement in the present embodiment.The one-dimensional linear movement of the probe is along antenna to be measured
Central axes it is mobile, scanning probe range is the axial length of antenna to be measured.The measurement sampling interval of probe is 50mm, and measurement is adopted
Number of samples is 30 total.
Specific measuring process are as follows:
A, under the driving of main control computer, transceiver is sent to antenna to be measured for signal is emitted, and pops one's head in antenna opening
Face is nearby moved along central axes, and the signal of antenna transmitting to be measured is received in measurement point, is transmitted to master through receiver receiver
Computer is controlled, the calculating through main control computer exports Antenna aperture near field to be measured value；
B, after main control computer obtains mouth face near field value, the directivity function of array antenna to be measured is calculated using formula,
Directivity function F (θ) are as follows:
In formula,
D is scanning probe point spacing；
θ is the angle of site Yu battle array axis；
λ is the wavelength for emitting signal；
J is standard imaginary unit (- 1 extraction of square root)；
N is number of sampling, and n refers to n-th of sample point；
Tn=TN, real+jTN, imag, it is the mouth face value obtained at each sample point of popping one's head in.
C, directional diagram is drawn out according to the directivity function of antenna to be measured, as shown in Figure 6.Fig. 6 gives the senior middle school of the antenna
The measurement direction figure of low three frequencies, can read from figure, and the main lobe width of antenna to be measured is 4.8-5.5 degree, main lobe direction
1.9-2.5 degree, sidelobe level -12dB, zero deep level -30.5dB.The design objective one of surveyed radiance parameter value and antenna
It causes, the radiance of antenna is good, and quality meets design requirement.
In order to confirm the accuracy of the method for the present invention, repetition measurement is carried out using traditional far-field measurement method to same width antenna,
And the antenna radiation pattern of two kinds of measurement methods is drawn, as shown in Figure 7.It can be seen that the method for the present invention by the curve in Fig. 7 to survey
The main lobe that the main lobe obtained is measured with far-field measurement method essentially coincides, and the position of secondary lobe can also clearly identify, two methods measure institute
The result obtained is almost the same.Therefore it can be assumed that, the method for the present invention has high accuracy and reliability, can be used as detection completely
The method of quality control of factory antenna uses.
Embodiment 2
One secondary dual-port antenna is measured using the method for the present invention, 1.6 meters of the length of antenna, width 0.6m.
The present embodiment probe uses two-dimensional grid motion scan.The two-dimensional grid movement of the probe is in array antenna master
Two-dimensional scanning is done in radiation port face, scanning of turning back by a marginal point of array antenna.Measurement on antenna length direction
Sampling interval (dy) it is 40mm, the measurement sampling interval (d on antenna width directionx) it is 0.3m, measurement sampling number amounts to 2*40
It is a.
Specific measuring process are as follows:
A, under the driving of main control computer, transceiver is sent to antenna to be measured for signal is emitted, and pops one's head in antenna opening
Face is nearby moved along central axes, and the signal of antenna transmitting to be measured is received in measurement point, is transmitted to master through receiver receiver
Computer is controlled, the calculating through main control computer exports Antenna aperture near field to be measured value；
B, after main control computer obtains mouth face near field value, the directivity function of array antenna to be measured is calculated using formula；Direction
Function F (θ) are as follows:
In formula,
dx、dySampling spacing respectively on the direction x, y；
θ is the angle of site and battle array plane normal；
The angle of the projection and x-axis that are site vector in xoy plane；
λ is the wavelength for emitting signal；
J is standard imaginary unit (- 1 extraction of square root)；
M, N is respectively the direction x, the measurement points on the direction y；M refers to that m-th of measurement point, n refer to the side y on the direction x
Upward n-th of measurement point；
Tmn=TMn, real+jTMn, imagIt is to pop one's head in the mouth face that each measurement point obtains value, wherein Treal、TimagRespectively
It is the real and imaginary parts of mouthful face value；
C, three-dimensional figure is drawn out according to the directivity function of antenna to be measured, as shown in Figure 8.
1. can extract hanging down for antenna to be measured from the section extracted under specified azimuth (generally 0 degree and 90 degree) in Fig. 8
The main Radiation Characteristics Parameters such as face and horizontal plane, and then calculate the main lobe width of vertical plane, main lobe direction directly.In Fig. 8, main lobe
Width: 7 °, sidelobe level: -14dB, zero deep level: -32dB, main lobe direction: -6 °.
In order to confirm the accuracy of the method for the present invention, repetition measurement is carried out using traditional far-field measurement method to same width antenna,
And the antennas orthogonal face directional diagram of two methods is drawn, as shown in Figure 9.It can be seen that the method for the present invention by the curve in Fig. 9
The main lobe that the main lobe measured is measured with far-field measurement method essentially coincides, and the position of secondary lobe can also clearly identify, two methods measurement
Resulting result is almost the same, and the method for the present invention has very high accuracy and reliability.
2. probe cross polarization is placed, the measuring process of A and B is repeated, can measure cross polarization polarization direction function, and
Compared with main polarization directivity function, and then measure cross polarization ratio.The cross-polar pattern of the present embodiment is as shown in Figure 10, from
And show that the cross polarization discrimination (axial direction) of antenna to be measured is 26.83dB.
3. carrying out above-mentioned measurement to standard gain antenna, the three-dimensional figure of standard gain antenna is drawn out, comparison is passed through
The gain of antenna, standard gain antenna to be measured, and then measure the actual gain of antenna to be measured.The gain pattern of the present embodiment is such as
Shown in Figure 11, to show that the actual gain of antenna to be measured is 18.5dBi.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of method for fast measuring of array antenna radiation characteristic, it is characterised in that: under the control of main control computer, transmit
Machine emits signal through antenna to be measured, by probe reception aerial radiation to be measured near Antenna aperture to be measured, by track movement
Mouth face near field electromagnetic wave signal and pass receiver back, main control computer reads the mouth face near field value that receives of receiver, further according to
Mouth face near field value calculates the directivity function of antenna to be measured, to obtain the Radiation Characteristics Parameters number in the primary radiation face of its antenna to be measured
Value；
The Radiation Characteristics Parameters include main lobe width, sidelobe level, main lobe direction, zero deep level, cross polarization ratio, absolutely increase
Benefit；
The specific steps of the measurement method are as follows:
A, under the driving of main control computer, sender will emit signal and launch through antenna to be measured, be located on antenna to be measured
Probe near side receives the mouth face near-field signals of antenna transmitting to be measured, and is transmitted to main control computer through receiver, through master control
The calculating of computer exports Antenna aperture near field to be measured value；
If antenna to be measured is single port, probe is in one-dimensional straight line along antenna primary radiation face to be measured under the driving of main control computer
Formula is mobile；If antenna to be measured is multiport, probe is under the driving of main control computer along antenna primary radiation face to be measured in two dimension
Grid type is mobile；
B, mouth face near field value is converted to the directivity function of antenna to be measured；
1. when probe with it is one-dimensional linear mobile when, the directivity function F (θ) of array antenna to be measured are as follows:
In formula,
D is scanning probe point spacing；
θ is the angle of site Yu battle array axis；
λ is the wavelength for emitting signal；
J is standard imaginary unit (- 1 extraction of square root)；
N is measurement points, and n refers to n-th of measurement point；
Tn=TN, real+jTN, imag, it is to pop one's head in the mouth face that each measurement point obtains value, wherein Tn,real、Tn,imagIt is respectively
The real and imaginary parts of mouth face value；
2. when probe is mobile with two-dimensional mesh format, the directional diagram F (θ) of array antenna to be measured are as follows:
In formula,
dx、dySampling spacing respectively on the direction x, y；
θ is the angle of site and battle array plane normal；
The angle of the projection and x-axis that are site vector in xoy plane；
λ is the wavelength for emitting signal；
J is standard imaginary unit；
M, N is respectively the direction x, the measurement points on the direction y；M refers to m-th of measurement point on the direction x, and n is referred on the direction y
N-th of measurement point；
Tmn=TMn, real+jTMn, imag, it is to pop one's head in the mouth face that each measurement point obtains value, wherein Tmn,real、Tmn,imagPoint
It is not the real and imaginary parts of mouthful face value；
C, go out the Radiation Characteristics Parameters in array antenna primary radiation face by antenna direction function call to be measured；
1. directional diagram is drawn out according to the directivity function of antenna to be measured, it is wide by the main lobe for directly reading antenna to be measured in directional diagram
Degree, sidelobe level, main lobe direction, zero deep level；
2. testing under identical and quadrature condition in the polarization mode of probe with the polarization mode of antenna to be measured respectively, same polarization is obtained
Directivity function and cross polarization directivity function compare parameter compared to the cross polarization for obtaining antenna to be measured more afterwards；
3. the directivity function of testing standard gain antenna, the maximum value of the directivity function of standard of comparison gain antenna and antenna to be measured
Directivity function maximum value, obtain absolute gain of an antenna to be measured.
2. a kind of method for fast measuring of array antenna radiation characteristic according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the spy
It when first dimension moves linearly, is moved along the central axes of antenna to be measured；When the probe two-dimensional grid is mobile, in antenna master to be measured
Two-dimensional scanning is done on radiation port face, scanning range is not less than array antenna planar range.
3. a kind of method for fast measuring of array antenna radiation characteristic according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: the spy
When head two-dimensional grid is mobile, scanning axial length is that antenna fore-and-aft plane length both ends to be measured respectively extend out 10~20cm, is swept
Retouch the width that transverse width is antenna transverse plane to be measured.
4. a kind of method for fast measuring of array antenna radiation characteristic according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: be used for battle array
The device of array antenna radiation characteristic rapid survey includes sweep mechanism, sender (II), receiver (III) and main control computer
(I), the sender (II), receiver (III), sweep mechanism are connected with the main control computer (I) for controlling its operation respectively；Institute
Stating sweep mechanism includes for placing the station of antenna to be measured (1) (2), the probe (5) being located above antenna to be measured (1) and driving
The driver (7) that dynamic probe (5) moves horizontally, the probe (5) driver (7) driving under realize on antenna to be measured
The movement of square arbitrary coordinate position, driver (7) are connected with main control computer (I)；The sender (II) and antenna to be measured
(1) it is connected, receiver (III) is connected with probe (5)；The connection setting one between sender (II) and antenna measurement connector to be measured
RF switch (IV) realizes the continuous scanning to array antenna plane.
5. a kind of method for fast measuring of array antenna radiation characteristic according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: the spy
Head is dual polarization probe.
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