CN105548729A - Quick testing method for radiation characteristic of array antenna - Google Patents
Quick testing method for radiation characteristic of array antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN105548729A CN105548729A CN201610095156.1A CN201610095156A CN105548729A CN 105548729 A CN105548729 A CN 105548729A CN 201610095156 A CN201610095156 A CN 201610095156A CN 105548729 A CN105548729 A CN 105548729A
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
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Abstract
The invention provides a quick testing method for the radiation characteristic of an array antenna. In a non-darkroom environment, a transceiver is used for emitting a signal to the antenna to be tested, a probe moving according to a track is used for receiving the signal and transmitting the signal back to the transceiver, a main control computer is used for calculating an output port surface near field value, a directional diagram of the array antenna to be tested is synthesized according to the output port surface near field value, and then a parameter value of the radiation characteristic of the array antenna is obtained. The method has no special requirement for the testing environment and is not limited by site size, weather and the like, a strict shield chamber is not needed, testing can be carried out in the production environment or the research and development environment of the antenna, testing speed and efficiency are high, the testing devices occupy a small area, testing can be carried out anytime conveniently and rapidly, the testing result is comprehensive and accurate, and the method is particularly suitable for quick detection of antenna products on a production line and being used for primary detection of the antenna during product research and development.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method for fast measuring of array antenna radiation characteristic, belong to array antenna technique field.
Background technology
Along with the development of the wireless communication technologys such as mobile communication, antenna technology have also been obtained and develops faster.Wherein, array antenna with its feed driving source diversity, scan form flexibility, be beneficial to the features such as conformal design and intelligent management, obtain and apply more and more widely, become a kind of antenna that installation amount in mobile communication cell net is maximum.In China; for the consideration of the aspects such as fund and soil, environmental protection, construction period; usually multiple cellular systems of multiple operator are arranged on same base station; multiple cellular system common pylon; and each cellular system configures multiple antenna, the interference in the colocated station problem under this scene is obvious.Along with cellular system becomes increasingly complex, requirement for the radiation index that can affect interference in the colocated station problem is more and more stricter, the lobe width of such as array antenna, the main lobe direction of vertical plane, sidelobe level etc., need to detect radiation index in time when antenna dispatches from the factory.
At present, the basic skills measuring the antenna pattern of antenna has two kinds:
One, far-field measurement method
Far-field measurement method is that electromagnetic wave is approximately plane wave form and is irradiated to antenna to be measured by the source antenna emitting electromagnetic wave being positioned at far field, detects its receiving pattern at antenna port place to be measured.In actual measurement process, need antenna to be measured and source antenna to pull open larger distance, rotate antenna to be measured, while the transmission coefficient between record source antenna and antenna to be measured, thus obtain its directional diagram.Far-field measurement method is directly perceived, simple, and testing cost is low, but its shortcoming also clearly, and 1. test result is affected by the external environment greatly, such as electromagnetic environment, place reflection, weather, time etc., even cannot test under rugged surroundings; 2. reception and transmission range will meet far field test condition, the distance L>2D between source antenna and antenna to be measured
2/ λ (D is the maximum caliber of array antenna to be measured, and λ is the wavelength of test frequency); Measuring distance is far away, and testing cost is very high; 3. at every turn measure the array pattern that can only obtain under a kind of exiting form, and for the array antenna of multiple activation form, the test of its array pattern is comparatively difficult.
Two, near field measurement method
The ultimate principle of near field measurement method is the induction field using the closing face surrounding antenna near probe detection antenna, and with drawing cottonrose hibiscus (LOVE) equivalence principle, utilizes induction field to calculate far field.Near field measurement method directly measures the induction field near antenna, does not need very large test site; But owing to needing the near field of a measurement closing face, data volume is large.In order to add fast scan speed, some systems have employed Multi probe technology.Near field measurement method algorithm is complicated, and Multi probe technology more brings the consistance of probe, the series of problems such as position correction, and in order to disturbing mutually between reducing to pop one's head in again limit test macro can not be too small, or probe number can not be too much.Therefore near-field measurement system system composition is complicated, and calibration, maintenance cost are high.
The method of testing of above-mentioned two kinds of antenna radiation characteristics, its test site all has strict demand, and testing apparatus is huge, and test speed is slow, efficiency is low, and testing cost is high, cannot realize to antenna quick, measure in time.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to for above-mentioned existing Problems existing and deficiency, the array antenna radiation characteristic method for fast measuring that a kind of test speed is fast, efficiency is high, equipment volume is little, test site requirement is low is provided, do array antenna production factory inspection for antenna workshop, quality control uses, or for using during preliminary test antenna performance in R&D process.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of method for fast measuring of array antenna radiation characteristic, under the control of main control computer, sender is through antenna transmission signal to be measured, by near Antenna aperture to be measured, the actinal surface near field electromagnetic ripple signal that receives aerial radiation to be measured by the probe of track movement pass receiver back, main control computer reads near field, the face value that receiver receives, calculate the directivity function of antenna to be measured again according to actinal surface near field value, thus obtain the Radiation Characteristics Parameters numerical value in the primary radiation face of its antenna to be measured.
Further improvement of the present invention is: described Radiation Characteristics Parameters comprises main lobe width, sidelobe level, main lobe direction, zero dark, cross polarization ratio, absolute gain.
Further improvement of the present invention is: the concrete steps of described measuring method are:
A, under the driving of main control computer, sender will transmit and to go out through antenna transmission to be measured, the probe be positioned near above antenna to be measured receives the actinal surface near-field signals of antenna transmission to be measured, and transfer to main control computer through receiver, through the calculating of main control computer, export Antenna aperture near field to be measured value;
If antenna to be measured is single port, popping one's head under the driving of main control computer is that one dimension orthoscopic moves along antenna primary radiation face to be measured; If antenna to be measured is multiport, popping one's head under the driving of main control computer is that two-dimensional mesh form moves along antenna primary radiation face to be measured;
B, actinal surface near field value is converted into the directivity function of antenna to be measured;
When 1. moving with one dimension orthoscopic when popping one's head in, the directivity function F (θ) of array antenna to be measured is:
In formula,
D is scanning probe dot spacing;
θ is the angle of field point and battle array axle;
λ is the wavelength transmitted;
J is standard imaginary unit (extraction of square root of-1);
N measures to count, and n refers to the n-th measurement point;
T
n=T
n, real+ jT
n, imag, be pop one's head in the actinal surface field value that each measurement point obtains, wherein T
real, T
imagreal part and the imaginary part of actinal surface field value respectively;
When 2. moving with two-dimensional mesh form when popping one's head in, the directional diagram F (θ) of array antenna to be measured is:
In formula,
D
x, d
ybe respectively the Sampling Distance on x, y direction;
θ is the angle of field point and battle array plane normal;
for the projection of field point vector in xoy plane and the angle of x-axis;
λ is the wavelength transmitted;
J is standard imaginary unit (extraction of square root of-1);
The measurement that M, N are respectively on x direction, y direction is counted; M refers to m measurement point on x direction, and n refers to the n-th measurement point on y direction;
T
mn=T
mn, real+ jT
mn, imag, be pop one's head in the actinal surface field value that each measurement point obtains, wherein T
real, T
imagreal part and the imaginary part of actinal surface field value respectively;
C, gone out the Radiation Characteristics Parameters in array antenna primary radiation face by antenna direction function call to be measured;
1. directional diagram is drawn out according to the directivity function of antenna to be measured, by the main lobe width, sidelobe level, main lobe direction, the zero dark level that directly read antenna to be measured in directional diagram;
2. respectively the polarization mode of probe identical with the polarization mode of antenna to be measured with quadrature condition under test, obtain same polarization directivity function and cross polarization directivity function, parameter is compared in the cross polarization obtaining antenna to be measured after comparing;
3. the directivity function of testing standard gain antenna, the maximal value of the maximal value of the directivity function of standard of comparison gain antenna and the directivity function of antenna to be measured, obtains absolute gain of an antenna to be measured.
Further improvement of the present invention is: during described probe one dimension rectilinear movement, be move along the axis of antenna to be measured; When described probe two-dimensional grid moves, antenna primary radiation actinal surface to be measured does two-dimensional scan, and sweep limit is not less than array antenna planar range.
Further improvement of the present invention is: when described probe two-dimensional grid moves, and its scanning axial length is that antenna fore-and-aft plane length two ends to be measured respectively extend out 10 ~ 20cm, and its scanning transverse width is the width of antenna transverse plane to be measured.
Further improvement of the present invention is: the device for array antenna radiation characteristic Quick Measurement comprises scanning mechanism, sender II, receiver III and main control computer I, and described sender II, receiver III, scanning mechanism are connected with its main control computer I run of control respectively; The driver 7 that described scanning mechanism comprising operator's console 2 for placing antenna 1, being positioned at the probe 5 above antenna 1 and driving probe 5 to move horizontally, described probe 5 driver 7 driving under realize the movement of arbitrary coordinate position above antenna to be measured, driver 7 is connected with main control computer I; Described sender II is connected with antenna 1 to be measured, and receiver III is connected with probe 5; Be connected between sender II with antenna measurement joint to be measured and a radio-frequency (RF) switch IV is set, realize the continuous sweep of pair array antenna plane.
Further improvement of the present invention is: described probe is dual polarization probe.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
The invention provides a kind of method for fast measuring of array antenna radiation characteristic, utilize near field technique to measure the actinal surface near field value in antenna primary radiation face, then calculate the far-field pattern to array antenna primary radiation face by actinal surface near field value.The method achieve the Quick Measurement of the radiation characteristic of pair array antenna, and particular/special requirement is not had to measurement environment, not by the restriction of place size, weather etc., without the need to strict shielded anechoic chamber, just can measure in the production environment or research and development environment for use of antenna, test speed is fast, efficiency is high, and proving installation floor area is little, can measure at any time, convenient and swift.Use measuring method of the present invention, the directional diagram in array antenna primary radiation face can be built, pass through array aerial direction figure, can the antenna leading indicator such as quantitative measurment directivity factor, main lobe direction, main lobe width, cross polarization ratio, sidelobe level, and by measuring the leading indicators such as antenna gain with the method for standard antenna comparison, test result comprehensively, accurately, is specially adapted to as detecting antenna product fast on production line, and uses as Preliminary detection antenna when researching and developing product.
Use one-dimensional scanning method, can complete the measurement of an array aerial direction figure characteristic within secondary 3 meters in 30 seconds to 1 minute, speed is fast, efficiency is high, result precision is high, is applicable to antenna manufacturer and carries out quality testing to the product that dispatches from the factory.Use two-dimensional scan method, measurement mechanism size does not increase, and achieve the automatic switchover port of multiport array antenna, probe can do two-dimensional grid scanning continuously on the actinal surface of antenna primary radiation face, is adapted at the three-dimensional figure characteristic of preliminary surveying planar array antenna in antenna R&D process.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described.
Fig. 1 is present system connection diagram;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of rapid measurement device of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of rapid measurement device scanning mechanism of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the variable schematic diagram in one-dimensional movement computing formula of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the variable schematic diagram in two-dimensional movement computing formula of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the directional diagram in the array antenna primary radiation face recorded under embodiment 1 different frequency;
Fig. 7 is the contrast directional diagram that embodiment 1 antenna to be measured records respectively by the inventive method, far-field measurement method;
Fig. 8 is the three-dimensional radiation directional diagram of the array antenna that embodiment 2 records;
Fig. 9 antennas orthogonal to be measured that to be embodiment 2 recorded by the inventive method, far-field measurement method is in the face of than directional diagram;
Figure 10 is embodiment 2 cross-polar pattern;
Figure 11 is embodiment 2 gain pattern;
In figure, each label is: 1, antenna to be measured, 2, operator's console, 3, base, 4, support, 5, probe, 6, move horizontally frame, 7, driver; I, main control computer, II, sender, III, receiver, IV, radio-frequency (RF) switch.
Embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, but embodiment is not the restriction of scope.
For directional array antenna, the main radiation field of antenna is gone out through primary radiation surface radiation, and the radiation at the back side is relatively very little, almost negligible compared with the radiation in primary radiation face.Therefore, the inventive method simplifies measurement range, only measures the radiation characteristic index in array antenna primary radiation face, enormously simplify surveying work amount.
For antenna manufacturer, the mass measurement of antenna, does not need to measure accurately all radiation indexs of antenna; And mainly measure the basic indexs such as its main lobe direction, lobe width, gain, as long as these basic indexs meet the demands, namely mean the feed amplitude of the unit of antenna, phase control is correct, the antenna quality produced is qualified.Therefore, the inventive method has simplified the Radiation Characteristics Parameters that will detect, and only selects main several basic index.When manufacturer production linear array, the V of the axis often face directional diagram paid close attention to most, only needs to measure the one dimension actinal surface near field along axis distribution in antenna primary radiation face, just can extrapolate V face directional diagram, this method is simplified further.
A kind of method for fast measuring of array antenna radiation characteristic, utilize sender to antenna transmission signal to be measured, by certain track movement probe received signal and pass receiver back, calculate through main control computer and export actinal surface near field value, then calculate the directivity function of antenna to be measured according to actinal surface near field value; By the directivity function of antenna to be measured, draw main lobe width, sidelobe level, main lobe direction, zero dark level, cross polarization ratio, these Radiation Characteristics Parameters numerical value of absolute gain.
Concrete measuring process is:
A, under the driving of main control computer, sender will transmit and be sent to antenna to be measured, and the probe being positioned at actinal surface above antenna to be measured receives the electromagnetic field value of antenna transmission to be measured, is transferred to main control computer by receiver, through the calculating of main control computer, export Antenna aperture near field to be measured value;
In measuring process, the motion track of probe comprises one dimension orthoscopic and moves and move with two-dimensional mesh form.If antenna to be measured is single port, popping one's head under the driving of main control computer is that one dimension orthoscopic moves along antenna primary radiation face to be measured; If antenna to be measured is multiport, popping one's head under the driving of main control computer is that two-dimensional mesh form moves along antenna primary radiation face to be measured.
The motion track of probe is set by main control computer in advance by the unit point position of survey crew according to antenna to be measured.
B, actinal surface near field value is converted into the directivity function of antenna to be measured by specific formula;
When 1. moving with one dimension orthoscopic when popping one's head in, the directivity function F (θ) of array antenna to be measured is:
When 2. moving with two-dimensional mesh form when popping one's head in, the directional diagram F (θ) of array antenna to be measured is:
C, gone out the Radiation Characteristics Parameters in array antenna primary radiation face by antenna direction function call to be measured;
1. directional diagram is drawn out according to the directivity function of antenna to be measured, by the main lobe width, sidelobe level, main lobe direction, the zero dark level that directly read antenna to be measured in directional diagram;
2. respectively the polarization mode of probe identical with the polarization mode of antenna to be measured with quadrature condition under test, obtain same polarization directivity function and cross polarization directivity function, parameter is compared in the cross polarization obtaining antenna to be measured after comparing;
3. the directivity function of testing standard gain antenna, the maximal value of the maximal value of the directivity function of standard of comparison gain antenna and the directivity function of antenna to be measured, obtains absolute gain of an antenna to be measured.
The measurement space of the inventive method is common non-dark room conditions, does not have specific condition to limit.Measurement mechanism of the present invention, comprise scanning mechanism, sender II, receiver III, radio-frequency (RF) switch V and main control computer I, described sender II, receiver III and scanning mechanism are connected with its main control computer I run of control respectively, described sender II is also connected with the test splice of antenna 1 to be measured, for main control computer drive under to antenna 1 transmission of electromagnetic signals to be measured.Signal data for detecting transmitting of antenna 1 to be measured, and reaches on coupled receiver III by described scanning mechanism.After described receiver III gathers Received signal strength data, data are sent on connected main control computer I.Described main control computer I gated sweep mechanism, sender II, receiver III, simultaneously the data that obtain of Treatment Analysis, calculate the actinal surface near field value exporting antenna to be measured.One radio-frequency (RF) switch IV is set between sender II and the port of antenna to be measured, after multiple ports of antenna to be measured are connected with radio-frequency (RF) switch IV respectively, controlled the working line of converting radio-frequency switch IV by main control computer I, the dismounting need not carrying out circuit connects whole scannings that just can realize treating observation line primary radiation face.Radio-frequency (RF) switch IV can select double-pole eight throw switch.
The structure of described scanning mechanism as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3, comprises operator's console 2, base 3, moves horizontally frame 6 and probe 5.Described operator's console 2 is fixedly installed on the ground, and the end face of operator's console 2 is a surface level, for placing antenna 1 to be measured.Described base 3 is placed on the side of operator's console 2, and the bottom of base 3 arranges the roller of convenient movement, after base 3 is placed into suitable position, is bolted and is arranged on ground.The described frame 6 that moves horizontally arranges on the base 3, moves horizontally on frame 6 and is fixedly installed support 4, and probe 5 is arranged on support 4 and is positioned at side above the operator's console 2 placing antenna 1 to be measured.Probe 5 is connected with receiver III, controlling mobile, collecting electromagnetic signal at each measurement point of antenna 1 to be measured by moving horizontally frame 6.
Described base 3 is quadra structure, and arrange cylinder at the top of base 3, described cylinder is vertically arranged, the cylinder body of cylinder is fixing on the base 3; The piston rod of cylinder is fixedly installed a height adjusting block, the described height adjusting block side of being plate structure, for ensureing the horizontal stable of height adjusting block, cylinder arranges multiple, is distributed on the bottom of height adjusting block.
The described frame 6 that moves horizontally is fixedly installed in height adjusting block, moves horizontally frame 6 and comprises guide rail and slide block.Described guide rail is horizontally disposed, comprises transverse shifting guide rail and longitudinal movement rail, and transverse shifting guide rail and longitudinal movement rail are mutually vertical in same level.Described slide block is inlaid in guide rail, slide block is fixedly installed support 4, slide block is also connected with driver 7 simultaneously, driver 7 is connected with main control computer I, under main control computer I controls, driver 7 is with movable slider slippage in guide rail, adjustment moving direction and displacement, and then drive support 4 and probe above 5 thereof to move, realize the movement of probe arbitrary coordinate position above antenna, scanning.
Described support 4 comprises montant and cross bar, and described montant is vertically arranged to be fixedly installed on and moved horizontally on frame 6, the horizontal top at montant of described cross bar level, and one end and the montant of cross bar are fixedly linked; The other end of cross bar is fixedly connected with probe 5, and the workplace of probe 5 is arranged vertically downward.A part due to support 4 is positioned at directly over antenna 1, for preventing metal pair signal from causing interference, ensures the accurate of measurement result, and support 4 adopts nonmetal obtained.Between montant and cross bar, being fixedly installed the pull bar be in tilted layout, for keeping cross bar to be the level of state, making probe 5 straight down, mutually vertical with the primary radiation face of antenna.One end of pull bar is fixedly connected on the top of montant; The pull bar that one end that the other end and the cross bar of pull bar arrange probe is connected.
Embodiment 1
Use the inventive method to measure a secondary single port antenna, this length of antenna 1.5 meters, antenna frequencies to be measured is 1710 ~ 2170MHz, and designing gain is main lobe width 5 degree, main lobe direction 2 degree.
In the present embodiment, probe adopts one dimension rectilinear movement scanning.The one dimension rectilinear movement of described probe is moved along the axis of antenna to be measured, and scanning probe scope is the axial length of antenna to be measured.The measurement sampling interval of probe is 50mm, measures sampling number and amounts to 30.
Concrete measuring process is:
A, under the driving of main control computer, transceiver will transmit and be sent to antenna to be measured, probe moves along axis near Antenna aperture, and on measurement point, receive the signal of antenna transmission to be measured, main control computer is sent to through receiver receiver, through the calculating of main control computer, export Antenna aperture near field to be measured value;
B, main control computer utilize the directivity function of formulae discovery array antenna to be measured after obtaining actinal surface near field value,
Directivity function F (θ) is:
In formula,
D is scanning probe dot spacing;
θ is the angle of field point and battle array axle;
λ is the wavelength transmitted;
J is standard imaginary unit (extraction of square root of-1);
N is number of sampling, and n refers to the n-th sampling spot;
T
n=T
n, real+ jT
n, imag, be the actinal surface field value obtained at each sampling spot place of popping one's head in.
C, draw out directional diagram according to the directivity function of antenna to be measured, as shown in Figure 6.Fig. 6 gives the measurement direction figure of high, normal, basic three frequencies of this antenna, can read from figure, and the main lobe width of antenna to be measured is 4.8-5.5 degree, main lobe direction 1.9-2.5 degree, sidelobe level-12dB, zero dark level-30.5dB.To survey radiance parameter value consistent with the design objective of antenna, the radiance of antenna is good, and quality meets designing requirement.
In order to the accuracy of proved inventive method, adopt traditional far-field measurement method to carry out repetition measurement to same width antenna, and draw the antenna radiation pattern of two kinds of measuring methods, as shown in Figure 7.Can be found out by the curve in Fig. 7, the main lobe that the main lobe that the inventive method records records with far-field measurement method overlaps substantially, and the position of secondary lobe also can clearly identify, the result of two kinds of method measurement gained is basically identical.Therefore can assert, the inventive method has pin-point accuracy and fiduciary level, can use as the method for quality control detecting the antenna that dispatches from the factory completely.
Embodiment 2
The inventive method is used to measure a secondary dual-port antenna, this length of antenna 1.6 meters, width 0.6m.
The present embodiment probe adopts two-dimensional grid motion scan.It is do two-dimensional scan at array antenna primary radiation actinal surface that the two-dimensional grid of described probe moves, scanning of turning back by a marginal point of array antenna.Measurement sampling interval (d on antenna length direction
y) be 40mm, the measurement sampling interval (d on antenna width direction
x) be 0.3m, measure sampling number and amount to 2*40.
Concrete measuring process is:
A, under the driving of main control computer, transceiver will transmit and be sent to antenna to be measured, probe moves along axis near Antenna aperture, and on measurement point, receive the signal of antenna transmission to be measured, main control computer is sent to through receiver receiver, through the calculating of main control computer, export Antenna aperture near field to be measured value;
B, main control computer utilize the directivity function of formulae discovery array antenna to be measured after obtaining actinal surface near field value; Directivity function F (θ) is:
In formula,
D
x, d
ybe respectively the Sampling Distance on x, y direction;
θ is the angle of field point and battle array plane normal;
for the projection of field point vector in xoy plane and the angle of x-axis;
λ is the wavelength transmitted;
J is standard imaginary unit (extraction of square root of-1);
The measurement that M, N are respectively on x direction, y direction is counted; M refers to m measurement point on x direction, and n refers to the n-th measurement point on y direction;
T
mn=T
mn, real+ jT
mn, imagpop one's head in the actinal surface field value that each measurement point obtains, wherein T
real, T
imagreal part and the imaginary part of actinal surface field value respectively;
C, draw out three-dimensional figure according to the directivity function of antenna to be measured, as shown in Figure 8.
1. from Fig. 8, extract the tangent plane under designated parties parallactic angle (being generally 0 degree and 90 degree), vertical plane and the surface level of antenna to be measured can be extracted, and then main Radiation Characteristics Parameters such as the main lobe width, main lobe direction etc. that calculate vertical plane.In Fig. 8, main lobe width: 7 °, sidelobe level :-14dB, zero dark level :-32dB, main lobe direction :-6 °.
In order to the accuracy of proved inventive method, adopt traditional far-field measurement method to carry out repetition measurement to same width antenna, and draw the antennas orthogonal face directional diagram of two kinds of methods, as shown in Figure 9.Can be found out by the curve in Fig. 9, the main lobe that the main lobe that the inventive method records records with far-field measurement method overlaps substantially, the position of secondary lobe also can clearly identify, the result of two kinds of method measurement gained is basically identical, and the inventive method has very high accuracy and reliability.
2. cross polarization of popping one's head in is placed, and repeats the measuring process of A and B, can measure orthogonal polarization polarised direction function, and compare with main polarization directivity function, and then measure cross polarization ratio.As shown in Figure 10, thus the cross polarization discrimination (axis) drawing antenna to be measured is 26.83dB to the cross-polar pattern of the present embodiment.
3. above-mentioned measurement is carried out to standard gain antenna, draw out the three-dimensional figure of standard gain antenna, by the gain of comparison antenna to be measured, standard gain antenna, and then record the actual gain of antenna to be measured.The gain pattern of the present embodiment as shown in figure 11, thus show that the actual gain of antenna to be measured is 18.5dBi.
Claims (7)
1. the method for fast measuring of an array antenna radiation characteristic, it is characterized in that: under the control of main control computer, sender is through antenna transmission signal to be measured, by near Antenna aperture to be measured, the actinal surface near field electromagnetic ripple signal that receives aerial radiation to be measured by the probe of track movement pass receiver back, main control computer reads near field, the face value that receiver receives, calculate the directivity function of antenna to be measured again according to actinal surface near field value, thus obtain the Radiation Characteristics Parameters numerical value in the primary radiation face of its antenna to be measured.
2. the method for fast measuring of a kind of array antenna radiation characteristic according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described Radiation Characteristics Parameters comprises main lobe width, sidelobe level, main lobe direction, zero dark level, cross polarization ratio, absolute gain.
3. the method for fast measuring of a kind of array antenna radiation characteristic according to claim 2, is characterized in that the concrete steps of described measuring method are:
A, under the driving of main control computer, sender will transmit and to go out through antenna transmission to be measured, the probe be positioned near above antenna to be measured receives the actinal surface near-field signals of antenna transmission to be measured, and transfer to main control computer through receiver, through the calculating of main control computer, export Antenna aperture near field to be measured value;
If antenna to be measured is single port, popping one's head under the driving of main control computer is that one dimension orthoscopic moves along antenna primary radiation face to be measured; If antenna to be measured is multiport, popping one's head under the driving of main control computer is that two-dimensional mesh form moves along antenna primary radiation face to be measured;
B, actinal surface near field value is converted into the directivity function of antenna to be measured;
When 1. moving with one dimension orthoscopic when popping one's head in, the directivity function F (θ) of array antenna to be measured is:
In formula,
D is scanning probe dot spacing;
θ is the angle of field point and battle array axle;
λ is the wavelength transmitted;
J is standard imaginary unit (extraction of square root of-1);
N measures to count, and n refers to the n-th measurement point;
T
n=T
n, real+ jT
n, imag, be pop one's head in the actinal surface field value that each measurement point obtains, wherein T
real, T
imagreal part and the imaginary part of actinal surface field value respectively;
When 2. moving with two-dimensional mesh form when popping one's head in, the directional diagram F (θ) of array antenna to be measured is:
In formula,
D
x, d
ybe respectively the Sampling Distance on x, y direction;
θ is the angle of field point and battle array plane normal;
for the projection of field point vector in xoy plane and the angle of x-axis;
λ is the wavelength transmitted;
J is standard imaginary unit (extraction of square root of-1);
The measurement that M, N are respectively on x direction, y direction is counted; M refers to m measurement point on x direction, and n refers to the n-th measurement point on y direction;
T
mn=T
mn, real+ jT
mn, imag, be pop one's head in the actinal surface field value that each measurement point obtains, wherein T
real, T
imagreal part and the imaginary part of actinal surface field value respectively;
C, gone out the Radiation Characteristics Parameters in array antenna primary radiation face by antenna direction function call to be measured;
1. directional diagram is drawn out according to the directivity function of antenna to be measured, by the main lobe width, sidelobe level, main lobe direction, the zero dark level that directly read antenna to be measured in directional diagram;
2. respectively the polarization mode of probe identical with the polarization mode of antenna to be measured with quadrature condition under test, obtain same polarization directivity function and cross polarization directivity function, parameter is compared in the cross polarization obtaining antenna to be measured after comparing;
3. the directivity function of testing standard gain antenna, the maximal value of the maximal value of the directivity function of standard of comparison gain antenna and the directivity function of antenna to be measured, obtains absolute gain of an antenna to be measured.
4. the method for fast measuring of a kind of array antenna radiation characteristic according to claim 3, is characterized in that: during described probe one dimension rectilinear movement, be move along the axis of antenna to be measured; When described probe two-dimensional grid moves, antenna primary radiation actinal surface to be measured does two-dimensional scan, and sweep limit is not less than array antenna planar range.
5. the method for fast measuring of a kind of array antenna radiation characteristic according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: when described probe two-dimensional grid moves, its scanning axial length is that antenna fore-and-aft plane length two ends to be measured respectively extend out 10 ~ 20cm, and its scanning transverse width is the width of antenna transverse plane to be measured.
6. the method for fast measuring of a kind of array antenna radiation characteristic according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the device for array antenna radiation characteristic Quick Measurement comprises scanning mechanism, sender (II), receiver (III) and main control computer (I), described sender (II), receiver (III), scanning mechanism are connected with its main control computer run (I) of control respectively; Described scanning mechanism comprises the operator's console (2) for placing antenna (1), the probe (5) being positioned at antenna (1) top and the driver (7) driving probe (5) to move horizontally, described probe (5) driver (7) driving under realize the movement of arbitrary coordinate position above antenna to be measured, driver (7) is connected with main control computer (I); Described sender (II) is connected with antenna to be measured (1), and receiver (III) is connected with probe (5); Be connected between sender (II) with antenna measurement joint to be measured and a radio-frequency (RF) switch (IV) is set, realize the continuous sweep of pair array antenna plane.
7. the method for fast measuring of a kind of array antenna radiation characteristic according to claim 6, is characterized in that: described probe is dual polarization probe.
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