CN105547862A - Device and method for measuring erosion influence depth of moving fluid on loose particles - Google Patents
Device and method for measuring erosion influence depth of moving fluid on loose particles Download PDFInfo
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- CN105547862A CN105547862A CN201510925735.XA CN201510925735A CN105547862A CN 105547862 A CN105547862 A CN 105547862A CN 201510925735 A CN201510925735 A CN 201510925735A CN 105547862 A CN105547862 A CN 105547862A
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- fluid
- discrete particles
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N17/00—Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion, or to light
Abstract
A device and method for measuring erosion influence depth of a moving fluid on loose particles are provided, wherein the device comprises a frame; the frame is fixedly connected with a support plate and a cross beam; the cross beam is located above the support plate; the support plate is fixedly connected with a first annular circular cylinder and a second annular circular cylinder, the first annular circular cylinder sleeves the outside of the second annular circular cylinder, and the outer wall of the first annular circular cylinder is provided with a scale; a cavity is formed between the two annular circular cylinders and is used for being filled with the loose particles and the fluid, and the fluid height exceeds the loose particle height; the upper end of the fluid is covered with an annular cover plate; the upper end face of the annular cover plate is fixedly connected with an annular bracket; a speed reducer and a motor are erected on the cross beam, the speed reducer is connected with an output shaft of the motor and is driven by the motor, and the output shaft of the speed reducer is connected to the annular bracket. The thickness of the fluid and the loose particles can be set in an annular structure test area of a test; the moving speed of the fluid is controlled by the motor and a variable-frequency governor, and thus the flow depth and speed of the moving fluid are effectively controlled.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to engineer applied mechanical technology field, particularly relate to and a kind ofly measure the device and method of moving fluid to the discrete particles corrosive effect degree of depth.
Background technology:
The shearing erosion of moving fluid to discrete particles body is present among nature and each engineering field comparatively widely, and such as slope flow is washed away and transport process etc. particle in the shearing erosion process of soil, the motion of river bed surface silt and channel change process, artificial canal and pressure pipeline.Thus fluid all produces different impacts on the shearing erosion action of discrete particles body to human lives and engineering construction, also receive the very big concern comprising geomorphology, hydro science and each application project domain expert and scholar, and become focus and the difficult point problem of related discipline.But, still abundant not to the Quantitative study of above-mentioned shearing erosion process at present.
Fluid shearing erosion action present Research: theoretical research can realize the shear force of fluid and the force analysis of particle under simple condition, but many simplification have been made in this analysis, usually only qualitative interpretation to a certain degree can be made to shearing erosion action, but result accurately and reliably can not be obtained under actual complex condition; Research based on numerical evaluation seems and can adapt to actual complex conditions, but the research deficiency corroding quantitative model due to fluid shearing is also doomed to make result can not meet actual situation, and the shearing erosion models (or the experience factor in model) that in fact numerical evaluation adopts also is got by test substantially; Test is the Main Means of fluid shearing erosion research, and expert and scholars obtain the semi-theoretical computing formula of semiempirical under special experiment condition usually through experimental and theoretical analysis, and these achievements just play an important role in the industry-by-industry of present stage.In experimental study, the erosion test of pressure conduit relatively easily controls, erosion test under condition with no pressure is then general to be carried out in circulation groove, but fluid is difficult to keep stable along the flow state of journey in circulation groove test, fluid velocity regulates limited space, be difficult to obtain larger flowing velocity, the key factor such as flow velocity and flow depth is also difficult to the effective control obtaining quantification simultaneously, just because of the restriction of these factors above-mentioned, often make the design of circulation groove model test can not reach the object of expection, also make obtained quantification test findings accurate not.Thus, in the urgent need to find a kind of effectively can control fluid flowing key element and reliable and stable test apparatus to carry out relevant research work.
Summary of the invention:
For the deficiency that prior art exists, the invention provides and a kind ofly measure the device and method of moving fluid to the discrete particles corrosive effect degree of depth, for skimulated motion fluid erosion process sheared to discrete particles body and carry out shearings corrosive effect degree of depth mensuration.
To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts following technical scheme,
A kind ofly measure the device of moving fluid to the discrete particles corrosive effect degree of depth, comprise framework, framework is connected with back up pad and crossbeam, described crossbeam is positioned at the top of back up pad, back up pad is connected with the first around shaping drum and the second around shaping drum, described first annular cylinder set is outside the second around shaping drum, described first annular cylinder outer wall is provided with scale, cavity is formed between two around shaping drums, in order to fill discrete particles and fluid, and fluid level exceedes discrete particles height, fluid upper end is coated with annular cover plate, annular cover plate upper surface is connected with ring support, described crossbeam is added is provided with reductor and motor, reductor is connected with the output shaft of motor, driven by described motor, the output shaft of reductor is connected to described ring support.
Described motor is also circumscribed with galvanometer and variable-frequence governor and isolating switch, variable-frequence governor external controller.
The output shaft of described reductor is provided with dynamic measuring instrument, dynamic measuring instrument external data harvester.
Described framework outrigger is provided with high-speed digital photography machine, video camera external data harvester.
Adopt above-mentioned device to measure the method for moving fluid to the discrete particles body shearing corrosive effect degree of depth, concrete steps are as follows:
Step one: device is positioned over test site, and adjust back up pad, motor and reductor to horizontal level, check and adjust the axle center centering of reductor, annular cover plate and two around shaping drums, guaranteeing the accuracy tested, by external for motor variable-frequence governor;
Step 2: the discrete particles of filling certain depth in the cavity formed between two around shaping drums, reads the height H of discrete particles by the scale on the first annular cylinder outer wall
1, then to fill fluid in cavity, fluid did not have discrete particles certain altitude, and recorded stream height goes out particle surface height h;
Step 3: open motor, and the rotating speed of speed reducer output shaft is jointly adjusted by variable-frequence governor and reductor, until annular cover plate rotates, drive test fluid flow rotates, and then drive discrete particles to move in cylinder, when the shearing erosion of fluid to discrete particles body reaches dynamic stability, part discrete particles passive movement fluid driven gets up and does suspended load with fluid, and some discrete particles does Bed Load Movement at bottom, form comparatively stable motion layer, the height H not having the discrete particles of passive movement fluid driven in cavity is read by the scale on the first annular cylinder outer wall
2,
Step 4: by the height H of discrete particles in step 2
1deduct the height H not having the discrete particles of passive movement fluid driven read in step 3
2, calculate the corrosive effect depth H of test fluid flow to discrete particles
3.
Described motor external impressed current meter and isolating switch, and by variable-frequence governor external controller, controlled output power and the rotating speed of motor by variable-frequence governor.
The output shaft of described reductor installs dynamic measuring instrument, and by dynamic measuring instrument external data harvester, is read the rotating speed of output shaft in process of the test by the display screen on dynamic measuring instrument, and then obtain the actual speed of annular cover plate.
High-speed digital photography machine is set up outward at described framework, and by video camera external data harvester, record is carried out to the motion state of fluid in process of the test and discrete particles and erosion state, judge fluid corrodes whether reach dynamic stability to the shearing of discrete particles body by the observation of comparison film, simultaneously can also according to photo to the height H of discrete particles not having passive movement fluid driven in the cavity read in step 3
2check.
The present invention is a kind of measures the beneficial effect of moving fluid to the device and method of the discrete particles corrosive effect degree of depth: the setting that can realize fluid and discrete particles body thickness in the loop configuration test site of test, the movement velocity of fluid can also be controlled by motor and variable-frequence governor simultaneously, realize effectively controlling moving fluid flow depth and flow velocity, realize fluid under different motion factor combination condition and discrete particles body is sheared to the test of corroding, thus compensate for existing circulation groove and to shear in erosion test the deficiency in control to flow depth and fluid velocity, and by carrying out accurately effective acquisition and recording and analysis to test findings, obtain the corrosive effect degree of depth, and correlation test data in process of the test can be read in real time, compared with testing with the circulation groove of existing routine, the present invention has simple to operate, flexible design, control effectively, it is convenient to measure, analyze feature accurately, by adjusting flow depth and the rate process of fluid, can effectively simulate under different fluid motion state (i.e. different motion factor combination condition), fluid is to the shearing erosion process of discrete particles body, thus improve fluid shears erosion process understanding and research level to discrete particles body, and obtained achievement in research can be carried out verifying by practical engineering application and feed back.
Accompanying drawing illustrates:
To be that the present invention is a kind of measure the structural representation of moving fluid to the device of the discrete particles corrosive effect degree of depth to Fig. 1;
Fig. 2 is the height distribution plan starting to carry out testing front fluid and discrete particles;
Fig. 3 is the height distribution plan of fluid and discrete particles when discrete particles passive movement fluid driven reaches dynamic stability in test;
1-framework, 2-back up pad, 3-crossbeam, 4-first around shaping drum, 5-second around shaping drum, 6-cavity, 7-discrete particles, 8-fluid, 9-annular cover plate, 10-ring support, 11-reductor, 12-motor, 13-galvanometer, 14-variable-frequence governor, 15-isolating switch, 16-dynamic measuring instrument, 17-video camera, 18-computer, H
1the height of discrete particles under-stationary state, the dirty height of h-stationary state goes out particle surface height, H
2the height of the discrete particles of passive movement fluid driven is not had, H in-cavity
3-total corrosive effect degree of depth, H
4the height at-Bed Load Movement layer upper surface place.
Embodiment:
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
According to Fig. 1, a kind ofly measure the device of moving fluid to the discrete particles corrosive effect degree of depth, comprise framework 1, framework 1 is connected with back up pad 2 and crossbeam 3, described crossbeam 3 is positioned at the top of back up pad 2, back up pad 2 is connected with the first around shaping drum 4 and the second around shaping drum 5, described first around shaping drum 4 is sleeved on outside the second around shaping drum 5, described first around shaping drum 4 outer wall is provided with scale, cavity 6 is formed between two around shaping drums, in order to fill discrete particles 7 and fluid 8, and fluid 8 highly exceedes discrete particles 7 height, fluid 8 upper end is coated with annular cover plate 9, annular cover plate 9 upper surface is connected with ring support 10, described crossbeam 3 is added is provided with reductor 11 and motor 12, reductor 11 is connected with the output shaft of motor 12, driven by described motor 12, motor 12 is also circumscribed with galvanometer 13 and variable-frequence governor 14 and isolating switch 15, variable-frequence governor 14 external controller, motor speed is adjusted, the output shaft of reductor 11 is connected to described ring support 10, the output shaft of described reductor 11 is provided with dynamic measuring instrument 16, dynamic measuring instrument 16 external data harvester, the rotating speed of output shaft in process of the test is read by the display screen on dynamic measuring instrument 16, and then obtain the actual speed of annular cover plate 9.
Further, be provided with high-speed digital photography machine 17 at described framework 1 outrigger, video camera 17 external data harvester, in process of the test, the motion state of fluid 8 and discrete particles 7 and erosion state carry out record.
Described control device and described data collector accessible site are in computer 18.
Adopt above-mentioned device to measure the method for moving fluid to the discrete particles body shearing corrosive effect degree of depth, concrete steps are as follows:
Step one: device is positioned over test site, and adjust back up pad 2, motor 12 and reductor 11 to horizontal level, checks and adjusts the axle center centering of reductor 11, annular cover plate 9 and two around shaping drums, guaranteeing the accuracy tested;
Step 2: the discrete particles 7 of filling certain depth in the cavity 6 formed between two around shaping drums, reads the height H of discrete particles 7 by the scale on the first around shaping drum 4 outer wall
1, then to fill fluid 8 in cavity 6, fluid 8 did not have discrete particles 7 certain altitude, and recorded stream height goes out particle surface height h, according to Fig. 2;
Step 3: open motor, and the rotating speed of reductor 11 output shaft is adjusted by reductor 11 and variable-frequence governor 14, until annular cover plate 9 rotates, test fluid flow 8 is driven to rotate, and then drive discrete particles 7 to move in cylinder, can also at described motor 12 external impressed current meter 13 and variable-frequence governor 14 and isolating switch 15, can external outer control device by variable-frequence governor 14, the output power of motor is controlled by variable-frequence governor 14, current value in process of the test is read by galvanometer 13, by the safe operation of isolating switch 15 warranty test, circuit is cut off when reaching unsafe conditions, device is protected, when the shearing erosion of fluid to discrete particles body reaches dynamic stability, part discrete particles 7 passive movement fluid 8 in cavity 6 drives and forms stable motion, its forms of motion comprises Bed Load Movement and suspended load two kinds of forms, wherein, roll along discrete particles bottom, mobile, the discrete particles that the modes such as jump are moved forms described Bed Load Movement layer, in traction load, discrete particles motion is slower, described suspended load layer is formed with the discrete particles that fluid moves along discrete particles top, in suspended load, discrete particles motion is very fast, and the height H at Bed Load Movement layer upper surface place is read by the scale on the first around shaping drum 4 outer wall
4, the height H not having the discrete particles 7 of passive movement fluid driven in cavity 6 is read by the scale on the first around shaping drum 4 outer wall
2, according to Fig. 3,
Step 4: by the height H of discrete particles 7 in step 2
1deduct the height H of the discrete particles 7 not having passive movement fluid 8 to drive read in step 3
2, calculate the total corrosive effect depth H of test fluid flow to discrete particles
3=(H
1-H
2), now also can obtain the traction load corrosive effect degree of depth for (H
4-H
2), the suspended load corrosive effect degree of depth is (H
1-H
4).
Further, the output shaft of described reductor 11 installs dynamic measuring instrument 16, and by dynamic measuring instrument 16 external data harvester, accurately read the rotating speed of reductor 11 output shaft in process of the test by the display screen on dynamic measuring instrument 16, and then obtain the rotating speed of annular cover plate 9.
Further, at described framework 1 outer erection high-speed digital photography machine 17, and by video camera 17 external data harvester, record is carried out to the motion state of fluid in process of the test 8 and discrete particles 7 and erosion state, judge whether that the shearing erosion of fluid to discrete particles body reaches dynamic stability by the observation of comparison film, simultaneously can also according to the height H of photo to the Bed Load Movement layer upper surface place of reading in step 3
4, the height H of the discrete particles 7 not having passive movement fluid 8 to drive in cavity 6
2check.
Finally should be noted that: above embodiment is only in order to illustrate that technical scheme of the present invention is not intended to limit, although with reference to above-described embodiment to invention has been detailed description, those of ordinary skill in the field are to be understood that: still can modify to the specific embodiment of the present invention or equivalent replacement, and not departing from any amendment of spirit and scope of the invention or equivalent replacement, it all should be encompassed in the middle of this right.
Claims (8)
1. one kind measures the device of moving fluid to the discrete particles corrosive effect degree of depth, it is characterized in that: comprise framework, framework is connected with back up pad and crossbeam, described crossbeam is positioned at the top of back up pad, back up pad is connected with the first around shaping drum and the second around shaping drum, described first annular cylinder set is outside the second around shaping drum, described first annular cylinder outer wall is provided with scale, cavity is formed between two around shaping drums, in order to fill discrete particles and fluid, and fluid level exceedes discrete particles height, fluid upper end is coated with annular cover plate, annular cover plate upper surface is connected with ring support, described crossbeam is added is provided with reductor and motor, reductor is connected with the output shaft of motor, driven by described motor, the output shaft of reductor is connected to described ring support.
2. according to claim 1ly a kind ofly measure the device of moving fluid to the discrete particles corrosive effect degree of depth, it is characterized in that: described motor is also circumscribed with galvanometer and variable-frequence governor and isolating switch, variable-frequence governor external controller.
3. according to claim 1ly a kind ofly measure the device of moving fluid to the discrete particles corrosive effect degree of depth, it is characterized in that: the output shaft of described reductor is provided with dynamic measuring instrument, dynamic measuring instrument external data harvester.
4. according to claim 1ly a kind ofly measure the device of moving fluid to the discrete particles corrosive effect degree of depth, it is characterized in that: described framework outrigger is provided with high-speed digital photography machine, video camera external data harvester.
5. adopt device according to claim 1 to measure the method for moving fluid to the discrete particles body shearing corrosive effect degree of depth, it is characterized in that: concrete steps are as follows:
Step one: device is positioned over test site, and adjust back up pad, motor and reductor to horizontal level, checks and adjusts the axle center centering of reductor, annular cover plate and two around shaping drums, guaranteeing the accuracy tested, the external variable-frequence governor of motor;
Step 2: the discrete particles of filling certain depth in the cavity formed between two around shaping drums, reads the height H of discrete particles by the scale on the first annular cylinder outer wall
1, then to fill fluid in cavity, fluid did not have discrete particles certain altitude, and recorded stream height goes out the height h of particle surface;
Step 3: open motor, and the rotating speed of speed reducer output shaft is jointly adjusted by variable-frequence governor and reductor, until annular cover plate rotates, drive test fluid flow rotates, and then drive discrete particles to move in cylinder, when the shearing erosion of fluid to discrete particles body reaches dynamic stability, part discrete particles passive movement fluid driven gets up and does suspended load with fluid, and some discrete particles does Bed Load Movement at bottom, form comparatively stable motion layer, the height H not having the discrete particles of passive movement fluid driven in cavity is read by the scale on the first annular cylinder outer wall
2,
Step 4: by the height H of discrete particles in step 2
1deduct the height H not having the discrete particles of passive movement fluid driven read in step 3
2, calculate the corrosive effect degree of depth of test fluid flow to discrete particles.
6. method according to claim 5, is characterized in that: motor external impressed current meter and variable-frequence governor and isolating switch, by variable-frequence governor external controller, control output power and the rotating speed of motor by variable-frequence governor.
7. method according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: on the output shaft of reductor, dynamic measuring instrument is installed, and by dynamic measuring instrument external data harvester, read the actual speed of output shaft in process of the test by the display screen on dynamic measuring instrument, and then obtain the rotating speed of annular cover plate.
8. method according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: set up high-speed digital photography machine outward at framework, and by video camera external data harvester, record is carried out to the motion state of fluid in process of the test and discrete particles and erosion state, judge fluid corrodes whether reach dynamic stability to the shearing of discrete particles body by the observation of comparison film, simultaneously can also according to photo to the height H of discrete particles not having passive movement fluid driven in the cavity read in step 3
2check.
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| CN201510925735.XA CN105547862A (en) | 2015-12-11 | 2015-12-11 | Device and method for measuring erosion influence depth of moving fluid on loose particles |
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| CN201510925735.XA CN105547862A (en) | 2015-12-11 | 2015-12-11 | Device and method for measuring erosion influence depth of moving fluid on loose particles |
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Citations (4)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU1695174A2 (en) * | 1988-08-22 | 1991-11-30 | Н.А.Парцевский | Device for determining granulometric composition of dispersed substance |
| CN102866238A (en) * | 2012-09-17 | 2013-01-09 | 河海大学 | Apparatus for researching bottom mud suspending mechanism and release of nutritive salt and operation method of apparatus |
| CN204085941U (en) * | 2014-10-09 | 2015-01-07 | 河海大学 | The sampling apparatus that a kind of bed mud corrodes and discharges |
| CN104776977A (en) * | 2015-04-28 | 2015-07-15 | 中国海洋大学 | Coastal engineering silt physical model test bottom bed dynamic and comprehensive observation method |
-
2015
- 2015-12-11 CN CN201510925735.XA patent/CN105547862A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU1695174A2 (en) * | 1988-08-22 | 1991-11-30 | Н.А.Парцевский | Device for determining granulometric composition of dispersed substance |
| CN102866238A (en) * | 2012-09-17 | 2013-01-09 | 河海大学 | Apparatus for researching bottom mud suspending mechanism and release of nutritive salt and operation method of apparatus |
| CN204085941U (en) * | 2014-10-09 | 2015-01-07 | 河海大学 | The sampling apparatus that a kind of bed mud corrodes and discharges |
| CN104776977A (en) * | 2015-04-28 | 2015-07-15 | 中国海洋大学 | Coastal engineering silt physical model test bottom bed dynamic and comprehensive observation method |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| 曹祖德，等: "往复流作用下粉砂的起悬和沉降过程", 《水道港口》 * |
| 王捷，等: "双向环形水槽流速分布规律试验研究", 《泥沙研究》 * |
| 谢倩雯，等: "沉积物再悬浮测量方法综述", 《水资源保护》 * |
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