CN105544512A - Reinforced sack grouting stone-breaking pile with heat transferring tube buried therein and construction method - Google Patents
Reinforced sack grouting stone-breaking pile with heat transferring tube buried therein and construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105544512A CN105544512A CN201510959687.6A CN201510959687A CN105544512A CN 105544512 A CN105544512 A CN 105544512A CN 201510959687 A CN201510959687 A CN 201510959687A CN 105544512 A CN105544512 A CN 105544512A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/22—Piles
- E02D5/34—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same
- E02D5/38—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same making by use of mould-pipes or other moulds
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/22—Piles
- E02D5/34—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same
- E02D5/46—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same making in situ by forcing bonding agents into gravel fillings or the soil
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B30/00—Heat pumps
- F25B30/06—Heat pumps characterised by the source of low potential heat
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D2250/00—Production methods
- E02D2250/0023—Cast, i.e. in situ or in a mold or other formwork
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- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
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- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a reinforced sack grouting stone-breaking pile with a heat transferring tube buried therein and a construction method. The reinforced sack grouting stone-breaking pile with the heat transferring tube buried therein is characterized in that the stone-breaking pile is composed of a geotextile sack, longitudinal main reinforcement, stirrups, the heat transferring tube, a prefabricated pile tip, a grouting pipe, cement paste and gravels; the prefabricated pile tip is fixedly connected with the bottom of the main reinforcement, and the geotextile sack is also embedded in the prefabricated pile tip; the heat transferring tube is bound on a reinforcement cage; the geotextile sack is attached to the outer side of the heat transferring tube in the pile length direction; the grouting pipe is placed in the reinforcement cage composed of the longitudinal main reinforcement and the stirrups deep to the prefabricated pile tip. The construction method comprises the steps that 1, the reinforcement cage where the heat transferring tube is well bound is placed in the geotextile sack, and the bottom end of the reinforcement cage and the bottom end of the geotextile sack are fixedly connected with the prefabricated pile tip; 2, after drilling is conducted, the prefabricated pile tip, the reinforcement cage, the heat transferring tube and the geotextile sack are placed in a borehole together; and 3, the cement paste is injected into the inner side of the geotextile sack, and then the gravels are thrown to the inner side of the bulged geotextile sack. According to the reinforced sack grouting stone-breaking pile provided with the heat transferring tube, construction is convenient and fast, and the effects of economy and environmental protection are achieved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ground source heat pump of pile foundation pipe laying form, be applicable to building pile foundation and earth source heat pump; Particularly relate to a kind of reinforcement cloth bag grouting broken stone pile and the construction method of burying heat-transfer pipe underground.
Background technology
Ground source heat pump technology, be utilize geothermal using resource to carry out freezing, the novel energy of heat supply utilizes technology, has the features such as clean, efficient, energy-conservation.Wherein, heat-transfer pipe is as the important component part of ground source heat pump technology, and its success or not buried underground will produce material impact to heat transfer efficiency.Using the carrier of pile foundation as underground buried tube, realize the energy stake technology of bearing upper load and two functions of conducting heat combine, obtain the extensive concern of numerous engineers and technicians in recent years gradually.
Prior art discloses one colligation on the borehole filling pile cage of reinforcement of building foundation and bury helix tube type heat-transfer pipe underground, earth source heat pump heat-transfer pipe buries the basic technology of simultaneously carrying out of constructing with building pile underground.This technology heat-transfer pipe of simultaneously constructing is buried underground and bored pile, earth source heat pump construction is constructed with routine building bored pile foundation and combines, eliminate special boring and bury heat-transfer pipe underground, reduce the initial outlay of earth-source hot-pump system, improve efficiency of construction and construct convenient; But some technical problems (as undergauge, broken pile etc.) existed in conventional filling pile construction, can affect the safety and reliability of heat-transfer pipe.
Prior art also discloses one using solid reinforcing bar as the main muscle of preformed pile prestressing force, and hollow steel pipe constructs main muscle as preformed pile, and heat-transfer pipe is embedded in hollow steel pipe; The pile body outer edge shape of pre-buried heat-transfer pipe is that hexagon, inner edge shape are for circular; Utilize in preformed pile tip heat transfer bend pipe to connect heat-transfer pipe, form U-loop road.Heat-transfer pipe is embedded in hollow steel pipe, effectively can solves heat-transfer pipe and main muscle colligation and bury the mutual interference, concrete density, the reinforcement corrosion that cause underground and affect the technical problems such as pile foundation total bearing capacity.But preformed pile is emanated fragile heat-transfer pipe in prefabrication process, and needs to march into the arena at big machinery in formation of pile to carry out hammering or static pressure pile, construction noise is relatively large, affect environment.
The Bag Grouting Pile technology that the present invention adopts is the construction technique of weak soil demixing technology and geotextile R. concomitans.It uses delamination pour slurry technology slurries to be injected the geotextile bag imbedded in advance in the soil body, thus form cylindric or calabash shaped pile body, reaches the object of leak stopping and soil mass consolidation.Have the effects such as draining, isolation, reinforcement due to geotextile, compared with the compaction grouting of routine, the densification effect of gronted bag's pile is more obvious, constructs easy to control, and than densification slurry injection technique less expensive;
Traditional bag pile has benefit that is simple, high efficiency of constructing, but owing to only having cement slurry in cloth bag, therefore single Bag Grouting Pile intensity is not high.Prior art discloses one and draw hole implantation cloth bag grouting broken stone pile and construction method, primarily of precast pile tip, steel strand, geotechnological cloth bag, stake end slurry solid, cover plate composition; This technical scheme can give full play to the performance of discrete material, solves the problem of pile body instability, improves structural integrity; But the pile body that this technical scheme is formed belongs to semi-rigid pile foundation substantially, is mainly only applicable to coordinate acting in conjunction with the soil body and forms pile foundation composite foundation situation.
Energy piles ground source heat pump technology is a kind of technical method effectively utilizing geothermal energy, reduce special boring pipe laying operating expenses and reasonable Arrangement and using underground space.In engineering circles except conventional castinplace pile and pile for prestressed pipe are widely adopted, Bag Grouting Pile also has application market widely because of its special technical advantage and the scope of application.But Bag Grouting Pile belongs to Half rigid pile on the whole and single bearing capacity of pile foundation of following is relatively low, and under load action, settling amount is relatively large; Thus limit the effective utilization of heat-transfer pipe in Bag Grouting Pile, to a certain extent, limit applying of the ground source heat pump technology of energy piles form.Therefore, incorporation engineering builds actual conditions, development technique rationally, bury heat-transfer pipe technology in the reinforcement cloth bag grouting broken stone pile of economical and efficient underground and become an extremely urgent technical assignment.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: the deficiency existed for prior art, the invention provides a kind of reinforcement cloth bag grouting broken stone pile and the construction method of burying heat-transfer pipe underground, overcome prestressed pile and easily damage heat-transfer pipe in fragile heat-transfer pipe, work progress and section stake process in prefabrication process, castinplace pile site operation pile broken pile or undergauge easily damage heat-transfer pipe, and the problem such as conventional cloth bag grouting pile pile strength is relatively low, compressive strain is relatively large.
Technical scheme: the described reinforcement cloth bag grouting broken stone pile burying heat-transfer pipe underground, comprise lengthways main steel bar and the stirrup vertical with lengthways main steel bar, main muscle and stirrup colligation form reinforcing cage, colligation heat-transfer pipe outside described reinforcing cage; Grouting Pipe is placed, this Grouting Pipe bottom opening in described reinforcing cage inside; Connect precast pile tip bottom described Grouting Pipe, the reinforcing cage of good for colligation heat-transfer pipe be placed in geotechnological cloth bag, by bottom lengthways main steel bar and geotechnological cloth bag with precast pile tip fixed-link, simultaneously geotechnological cloth bag embeds in precast pile tip, running pulp when preventing slip casting.
Particularly, described in bury the reinforcement cloth bag grouting broken stone pile of heat-transfer pipe underground, its pile body diameter is 500 ~ 800mm.
Particularly, described lengthways main steel bar is 4 ~ 8, and diameter is 10 ~ 20mm, equidistant symmetrical between two, and spacing is 300 ~ 500mm; Described stirrup, diameter is 5 ~ 10mm, and equidistant 200 ~ 300mm longitudinally main muscle layout, stirrup ring diameter is 300 ~ 500mm; Lengthways main steel bar is connected with the place's colligation of horizontal hoop connected node; In lengthways main steel bar anchoring and precast pile tip.
Particularly, described heat-transfer pipe is polyethylene pipe, and its external diameter is 20 ~ 40mm, and wall thickness is 5 ~ 8mm; Wherein, heat-transfer pipe pipe laying form is that single U-shaped, double-U-shaped, W type or screw type colligation are outside reinforcing cage.
Particularly, described geotechnological cloth bag circle of position cartridge type, diameter is 450 ~ 750mm, and unit area is 230g/m
2, CRB bursting strength >5.5kN, effective aperture 0.07 ~ 0.5mm, coefficient of permeability K=1 × 10
-2 ~-3cm/s, and geotechnological cloth bag is close to outside heat-transfer pipe, geotechnological cloth bag embeds in precast pile tip, spillage when preventing slip casting.
Particularly, described precast pile tip base diameter is 4500 ~ 750mm, and time prefabricated, top lengthways main steel bar, geotechnological cloth bag is all embedded precast pile tip inside.
Particularly, described Grouting Pipe is pvc pipe, and caliber is 50 ~ 100mm.
The described construction method burying the reinforcement cloth bag grouting broken stone pile of heat-transfer pipe underground: comprise the following steps:
(1) locate pore-forming: carry out setting-out at design attitude, and checked, locate; Check errorless after, carry out machine drilling, aperture is 500 ~ 800mm, and during boring, slow shelves creep into, ensure borehole perpendicularity, maximum deviation is no more than 1%;
(2) geotechnological cloth bag, reinforcing cage and heat-transfer pipe imbed construction: by the reinforcing cage being banded with heat-transfer pipe, cover has geotechnological cloth bag, and Grouting Pipe and precast pile tip insert in stake holes, and geotextiles bag length is greater than length of reinforcing cage; After sinking to, in geotechnological cloth bag, put into rubble, make it under Gravitative Loads, better can be sink to foot of hole;
(3) mortar depositing construction: Grouting Pipe is inserted boring to bottom in reinforcing cage inside, and is connected with top grouting equipment, then carry out slip casting; Marginal not slurry limit hoisting grouting pipe, mortar depositing construction from bottom to top:
(4) rubble is thrown in; When slip casting reaches preset height, topple over rubble in cement grout, now slurries liquid level rises; If slurries do not reach position, stake top, benefit slurry should be carried out again, add rubble; After input building stones complete, extract Grouting Pipe out;
(5) superstructure and pile crown junction anchoring construction is carried out, i.e. cushion cap, raft or plate and pile crown junction anchoring construction: after the initial set of cement grout slip casting broken stone pile completes, carry out Superstructure Construction, carry out the colligation link work of the connection of heat-transfer pipe, reinforcing cage;
(6) water collector be connected with heat-transfer pipe and pump machine are set, whole heat-transfer pipe system is carried out logical heat transfer medium debugging, the logical Liquid Integrity of inspection heat-transfer pipe; Complete the construction that entirety buries the reinforcement cloth bag grouting broken stone pile of heat-transfer pipe underground.
Particularly, it is characterized in that: in described step (3), hoisting grouting pipe speed is not more than 2 ms/min.
Particularly, described heat transfer medium is water or oil.
Beneficial effect: compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that: it is cylindric that cement grout can make the expansion of geotechnological cloth bag reach design under pressure, add crushed rock filler and can significantly improve foundation soil strength and composite modulus, and reinforcing cage is set in inside, both effectively as the carrier of heat-transfer pipe, strength of the mixing pile can be strengthened as reinforcement material in slurry inside again; The geotechnological cloth bag in stake outside can play effect of contraction to injecting cement paste when slip casting, can avoid the problems such as pile body broken pile, undergauge again, has the effect strengthening pile body globality; Precast pile tip can fix upper reinforcement and cloth bag, also can stablize in construction and insert soil layer; The present invention both can give full play to the function of rubble, cement paste soil mass consolidation, also can so that the laying and colligation of heat-transfer pipe.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the reinforcement cloth bag grouting the Macadam Pile Construction process schematic that the present invention buries heat-transfer pipe underground;
Fig. 2 is the reinforcement cloth bag grouting broken stone pile layout schematic diagram that the present invention buries heat-transfer pipe underground.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, illustrate the present invention further.
As shown in Figure 1-2, a kind of reinforced cement rubble bag pile burying heat-transfer pipe underground, in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, longitudinal reinforcement 1 and horizontal hoop 2 colligation form reinforcing cage, colligation heat-transfer pipe 3 outside reinforcing cage, the pipe laying form of fixing design, be close to outside heat-transfer pipe at outside geotextiles bag 4, Grouting Pipe 5 is positioned over reinforcing cage inside, bottom opening, to precast pile tip 6 upper position, and prefabricated with precast pile tip 6 bottom longitudinal reinforcement 1 together with, simultaneously geotechnological cloth bag 4 embeds in precast pile tip, running pulp when preventing slip casting; Geotechnological cloth bag 4 is placed after pore-forming; Geotechnique's cloth bag 4 expands and forms complete cylinder, rear interpolation rubble or sand 7, the slip casting rubble pile body of formation rule after slip casting; Rear pile body of having constructed is slip casting rubble pile body; After pile body has been constructed, carry out superstructure 8 and construct; Heat-transfer pipe 3 is connected with outside water collector and pump machine 9.
Dry ground pore-forming or mud off pore-forming are got in above-mentioned boring.
A kind of construction method burying the reinforced cement rubble bag pile of heat-transfer pipe 3 underground:
First, make preparation: longitudinal reinforcement 1, forms reinforcing cage with horizontal hoop 2 colligation, colligation heat-transfer pipe 3 outside reinforcing cage, the pipe laying form of fixing design, be close to outside heat-transfer pipe 3 at outside geotextiles bag 4, Grouting Pipe 5 is positioned over reinforcing cage inside, bottom opening, to precast pile tip 6 position, and prefabricated with precast pile tip 6 bottom longitudinal reinforcement 1 together with, simultaneously geotechnological cloth bag 4 embeds in precast pile tip 6, running pulp when preventing slip casting;
Wherein, be 8 in longitudinal reinforcement 1 the present embodiment, diameter is 20mm, and length is 20m, and in horizontal hoop 2 the present embodiment, diameter is 5mm, and equidistant 200mm vertically reinforcement placement vertically reinforcement placement; It is 500mm that stirrup forms reinforcing cage diameter; The heat-transfer pipe 3 of the present embodiment is polyethylene pipe, and external diameter is 40mm, and wall thickness is 8mm; The pipe laying form of above-mentioned fixing design is single U-shaped, double-U-shaped, W type or screw type, and in the present embodiment, pipe laying form is screw type pipe laying; In the present embodiment, geotechnological cloth bag 4 is 400mm cylinder type, generally selects unit area to be 230g/m
2effective aperture 0.5mm; The present embodiment Grouting Pipe 5 is pvc pipe, and caliber is 100mm, pipe bottom opening;
Then, position pore-forming: needed for Design of Construction Organization, carry out setting-out at design attitude, and checked, locate.Check errorless after, carry out drilling machine boring, aperture 500 ~ 800mm, during boring, slow shelves creep into, ensure borehole perpendicularity, maximum deviation is no more than 1%; Wherein, be 800mm in the present embodiment, drilling depth is 20m, and during boring, slow shelves creep into, and ensures borehole perpendicularity, maximum deviation not super many 1%; Then immersed tube bag: by being banded with heat-transfer pipe 3, cover has the reinforcing bar 1 of cloth bag 4 to insert in stake holes, and position is pushed up higher than stake in cloth bag 4 position, puts into a small amount of rubble in bag, makes it can at the bottom of deadweight sinks down into;
Secondly, carry out mortar depositing construction: Grouting Pipe 5 be connected with top grouting equipment, slip casting, cement paste enters from Grouting Pipe rising pouring, and hoisting grouting pipe 5, from bottom to top mortar depositing construction: the monolithic extruded pile peripheral earth of hoisting grouting pipe 5 cloth bag 4; Throw in building stones 7; When slip casting reaches design height, topple over the building stones such as sandstone 7 in cement grout, now slurries liquid level rises; If slurries do not reach position, stake top, benefit slurry should be carried out again, then add rubble etc.; After input building stones 7 complete, extract Grouting Pipe 5 out;
Then, carry out superstructure 8 and pile crown place junction anchoring construction: by vertical main muscle 1 top and cushion cap cast-in-place, after strength of the mixing pile strengthen further, carry out superstructure 8 construct; Superstructure 8 i.e. cushion cap, raft or plate, the present embodiment is cushion cap.
Finally, the outside water collector that is connected with heat-transfer pipe 5 and pump machine 9 are set, whole heat-transfer pipe 5 system are carried out logical heat transfer medium debugging, checks the logical Liquid Integrity of heat-transfer pipe; The circulating fluid of the present embodiment is water, completes the construction that entirety buries the reinforced cement rubble bag pile of heat-transfer pipe underground.
Claims (10)
1. bury a reinforcement cloth bag grouting broken stone pile for heat-transfer pipe underground, it is characterized in that: comprise lengthways main steel bar and the stirrup vertical with lengthways main steel bar, main muscle and stirrup colligation form reinforcing cage, colligation heat-transfer pipe outside described reinforcing cage; Grouting Pipe is placed, this Grouting Pipe bottom opening in described reinforcing cage inside; Connect precast pile tip bottom described Grouting Pipe, the reinforcing cage of good for colligation heat-transfer pipe be placed in geotechnological cloth bag, by bottom lengthways main steel bar and geotechnological cloth bag with precast pile tip fixed-link, simultaneously geotechnological cloth bag embeds in precast pile tip, running pulp when preventing slip casting.
2. the reinforcement cloth bag grouting broken stone pile burying heat-transfer pipe underground according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described in bury the reinforcement cloth bag grouting broken stone pile of heat-transfer pipe underground, its pile body diameter is 500 ~ 800mm.
3. the reinforcement cloth bag grouting broken stone pile burying heat-transfer pipe underground according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described lengthways main steel bar is 4 ~ 8, diameter is 10 ~ 20mm, equidistant symmetrical between two, and spacing is 300 ~ 500mm; Described stirrup, diameter is 5 ~ 10mm, and equidistant 200 ~ 300mm longitudinally main muscle layout, stirrup ring diameter is 300 ~ 500mm; Lengthways main steel bar is connected with the place's colligation of horizontal hoop connected node; In lengthways main steel bar anchoring and precast pile tip.
4. the reinforcement cloth bag grouting broken stone pile burying heat-transfer pipe underground according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described heat-transfer pipe is polyethylene pipe, its external diameter is 20 ~ 40mm, and wall thickness is 5 ~ 8mm; Wherein, heat-transfer pipe pipe laying form is that single U-shaped, double-U-shaped, W type or screw type colligation are outside reinforcing cage.
5. the reinforcement cloth bag grouting broken stone pile burying heat-transfer pipe underground according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described geotechnological cloth bag circle of position cartridge type, diameter is 450 ~ 750mm, and unit area is 230g/m
2, CRB bursting strength >5.5kN, effective aperture 0.07 ~ 0.5mm, coefficient of permeability K=1 × 10
-2 ~-3cm/s, and geotechnological cloth bag is close to outside heat-transfer pipe, geotechnological cloth bag embeds in precast pile tip, spillage when preventing slip casting.
6. the reinforcement cloth bag grouting broken stone pile burying heat-transfer pipe underground according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described precast pile tip base diameter is 4500 ~ 750mm, and time prefabricated, top lengthways main steel bar, geotechnological cloth bag is all embedded precast pile tip inside.
7. the reinforcement cloth bag grouting broken stone pile burying heat-transfer pipe underground according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described Grouting Pipe is pvc pipe, caliber is 50 ~ 100mm.
8. bury the construction method of the reinforcement cloth bag grouting broken stone pile of heat-transfer pipe underground for one kind: it is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
(1) locate pore-forming: carry out setting-out at design attitude, and checked, locate; Check errorless after, carry out machine drilling, aperture is 500 ~ 800mm, and during boring, slow shelves creep into, ensure borehole perpendicularity, maximum deviation is no more than 1%;
(2) geotechnological cloth bag, reinforcing cage and heat-transfer pipe imbed construction: by the reinforcing cage being banded with heat-transfer pipe, cover has geotechnological cloth bag, and Grouting Pipe and precast pile tip insert in stake holes, and geotextiles bag length is greater than length of reinforcing cage; After sinking to, in geotechnological cloth bag, put into rubble, make it under Gravitative Loads, better can be sink to foot of hole;
(3) mortar depositing construction: Grouting Pipe is inserted boring to bottom in reinforcing cage inside, and is connected with top grouting equipment, then carry out slip casting; Marginal not slurry limit hoisting grouting pipe, mortar depositing construction from bottom to top:
(4) rubble is thrown in; When slip casting reaches preset height, topple over rubble in cement grout, now slurries liquid level rises; If slurries do not reach position, stake top, benefit slurry should be carried out again, add rubble; After input building stones complete, extract Grouting Pipe out;
(5) superstructure and pile crown junction anchoring construction is carried out, i.e. cushion cap, raft or plate and pile crown junction anchoring construction: after the initial set of cement grout slip casting broken stone pile completes, carry out Superstructure Construction, carry out the colligation link work of the connection of heat-transfer pipe, reinforcing cage;
(6) water collector be connected with heat-transfer pipe and pump machine are set, whole heat-transfer pipe system is carried out logical heat transfer medium debugging, the logical Liquid Integrity of inspection heat-transfer pipe; Complete the construction that entirety buries the reinforcement cloth bag grouting broken stone pile of heat-transfer pipe underground.
9. the construction method burying the reinforcement cloth bag grouting broken stone pile of heat-transfer pipe underground according to claim 8: it is characterized in that: in described step (3), hoisting grouting pipe speed is not more than 2 ms/min.
10. the construction method burying the reinforcement cloth bag grouting broken stone pile of heat-transfer pipe underground according to claim 8: described heat transfer medium is water or oil.
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| CN106369878A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-01 | 中国建筑科学研究院 | Buried pipe system of ground source heat pump |
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