CN101525880A - Plastic sleeve concrete pile and method thereof for reinforcing soft soil foundation - Google Patents
Plastic sleeve concrete pile and method thereof for reinforcing soft soil foundation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种塑料套管混凝土桩及其施工方法,它是由盖板、塑料套管、桩尖、混凝土和套管接头所组成,塑料套管顶部与盖板连接,下部与桩尖连接,每节塑料套管之间用套管接头连接,混凝土灌注在塑料套管内,其施工方法是将预制的桩尖与塑料套管连接,然后用沉管提升一定高度后把塑料套管连同桩尖一并拉入沉管中,开启塑料套管混凝土桩打设机把带桩尖的塑料套管一并打入桩长设计深度,向塑料套管中灌水至1/2-2/3桩长后提升沉管,而塑料套管和桩尖留在地基内,再把塑料套管内的注水抽净,并向塑料套管内浇注混凝土桩身和盖板,制成塑料套管混凝土桩,该混凝土桩挤土作用小,桩不易断裂,施工灵活快捷,桩身质量易于控制,浇注不受外界影响,单桩承载力较高,性价比好。
A concrete pile with plastic casing and its construction method, which is composed of cover plate, plastic casing, pile point, concrete and casing joints, the top of the plastic casing is connected with the cover plate, the lower part is connected with the pile point, each section The plastic casings are connected by casing joints, and the concrete is poured into the plastic casings. The construction method is to connect the prefabricated pile tips with the plastic casings, and then lift the plastic casings together with the pile tips with the immersed tube to a certain height. Pull into the sinking tube, turn on the plastic casing concrete pile driver, drive the plastic casing with the pile tip into the design depth of the pile length, pour water into the plastic casing to 1/2-2/3 of the pile length, and then lift The plastic casing and the pile point are left in the foundation, and then the water injection in the plastic casing is pumped out, and the concrete pile body and cover are poured into the plastic casing to make a plastic casing concrete pile. The effect of soil is small, the pile is not easy to break, the construction is flexible and fast, the quality of the pile body is easy to control, the pouring is not affected by the outside, the bearing capacity of the single pile is high, and the cost performance is good.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及一种基础工程的桩型,特别是涉及一种用塑料套管混凝土桩加固处理软土地基的方法。The invention relates to a pile type of foundation engineering, in particular to a method for reinforcing and treating soft ground with a plastic casing concrete pile.
背景技术 Background technique
目前,在高速公路、高速铁路、市政、机场等工程中,桩式路堤已成为一种普遍的地基处理方法。在本发明发明以前,路堤桩以水泥土搅拌桩等柔性桩和振动沉管灌注桩、预应力管桩、钻孔灌注桩等刚性桩为主。水泥土搅拌桩(包括浆喷桩和粉喷桩)属柔性桩,桩体强度低,造价省,但施工质量不易控制,常规方法处理深度有限而不能用于软基较深厚的地段,且加固效果不如预制桩理想,在高填土地段承载力要求高而要求布桩数很多,使得造价也会很高。振动沉管现浇混凝土桩其造价要少于预制桩,但振动沉管混凝土桩由于振动施工过程中对周围桩体影响大,易出现断桩、质量不易控制和检测困难、质量事故多、充盈系数有时过大、对周围建筑物影响大等方面因素目前在实际路堤工程中选用不多。预应力钢筋混凝土桩由于质量极易控制和检测,加固效果好,不会出现断桩等质量问题,目前在深厚软基处理工程中得到非常普遍应用。但是采用这种预制桩的方式往往是造价相当昂贵,同时高强度的桩作为路堤桩使用时其桩体强度方面存在着很大浪费,在成桩后的工程使用阶段桩体强度得不到充分发挥和利用。浆固散体材料桩没有泥皮沉渣等问题但施工费用高、除泥浆处理导致环境污染等问题之外,还存在着碎石不易洗干净,在砂石夹层的地基中浪费材料、注浆不均匀等缺点。At present, piled embankments have become a common foundation treatment method in expressway, high-speed railway, municipal, airport and other projects. Before the invention of the present invention, embankment piles were based on flexible piles such as cement-soil mixing piles and rigid piles such as vibration sinking pipe piles, prestressed pipe piles, and bored piles. Cement-soil mixing piles (including slurry-sprayed piles and powder-sprayed piles) are flexible piles with low pile body strength and low cost, but the construction quality is not easy to control. The effect is not as ideal as that of prefabricated piles. In the high fill section, the bearing capacity is required to be high and a large number of piles is required, which makes the cost very high. The cost of vibratory sinking tube cast-in-place concrete piles is lower than that of prefabricated piles. However, due to the great impact on the surrounding piles during the vibration construction process, vibrating tube sinking concrete piles are prone to broken piles, difficult quality control and detection, and many quality accidents. Factors such as too large coefficient and great influence on surrounding buildings are not used much in actual embankment engineering at present. Because the quality of prestressed reinforced concrete piles is easy to control and detect, the reinforcement effect is good, and there will be no quality problems such as broken piles, it is currently widely used in deep soft foundation treatment projects. However, the method of using this prefabricated pile is often quite expensive. At the same time, when the high-strength pile is used as an embankment pile, there is a lot of waste in the strength of the pile body, and the strength of the pile body cannot be fully obtained in the engineering use stage after the pile is formed. play and use. Slurry-solid powder material piles have no problems such as mud skin and sediment, but the construction cost is high. In addition to the problems of environmental pollution caused by mud treatment, there are also gravels that are not easy to clean, waste of materials in the foundation of sand and gravel interlayers, and poor grouting. Uniform and other shortcomings.
在本发明发明之前,一种带双壁的塑料套管混凝土桩在国外有所应用,其使用的是外壁为螺纹、内壁光滑的双层塑料套管。双壁波纹管两壁间为封闭的空间,浇注的混凝土不能与外壁接触,桩土相互摩擦痕容易损坏外壁螺纹,从而影响桩与土体摩擦力;双壁波纹管内壁光滑,浇注的混凝土会因为收缩使得混凝土与塑料套管不能紧密接触。这些缺陷使塑料套管对桩体承载力的贡献大为降低,不能发挥螺纹与土体间的摩擦咬合作用,桩体工作时套管基本不起作用,造成了很大的浪费。另外,国外在利用普通PVC管作为双壁塑料套管材料时,因为PVC管为硬质且不可弯曲,施工时打设机需先沉管至设计深度,然后将套管吊起从沉管上部开口处放入沉管内,再立即向塑料套管内浇注混凝土后才能将沉管拔出,完成一根桩施工。此种方法套管打设与混凝土浇筑连续进行,需要特别注意相互配合施工,工序复杂,施工速度慢。当塑料套管采用双壁HDPE管时,其特点是可以适当弯曲,可事先将与预制桩尖连接好的套管从打设机竖直的沉管底部插入并打入地基中。该法将混凝土施工与套管打设分开进行,施工效率提高,但是HDPE材料的价格相当昂贵,工程造价大幅增加。另外,目前国外带塑料套管的混凝土桩型单一,所使用的桩尖为平底钢板,遇到坚硬土层时,不易穿过。Before the invention of the present invention, a kind of double-walled plastic casing concrete pile was used abroad, and what it used was a double-layer plastic casing whose outer wall was screw thread and smooth inner wall. There is a closed space between the two walls of the double-wall bellows, and the poured concrete cannot be in contact with the outer wall, and the friction marks of the pile and soil will easily damage the threads of the outer wall, thereby affecting the friction between the pile and the soil; the inner wall of the double-wall bellows is smooth, and the poured concrete will Because of the shrinkage, the concrete and the plastic casing cannot be in close contact. These defects greatly reduce the contribution of the plastic casing to the bearing capacity of the pile, and the frictional engagement between the thread and the soil cannot be brought into play. The casing basically does not work when the pile is working, causing a lot of waste. In addition, when foreign countries use ordinary PVC pipes as double-walled plastic casing materials, because PVC pipes are hard and inflexible, the drilling machine must first immerse the pipes to the design depth during construction, and then lift the casings from the upper part of the immersed pipes. The opening is placed in the immersed tube, and the immersed tube can be pulled out after pouring concrete into the plastic sleeve immediately, and the construction of a pile is completed. In this method, casing drilling and concrete pouring are carried out continuously, and special attention needs to be paid to the construction of mutual cooperation, the process is complicated, and the construction speed is slow. When the plastic casing adopts a double-walled HDPE pipe, it is characterized in that it can be properly bent, and the casing connected to the prefabricated pile tip can be inserted from the bottom of the vertical immersed pipe of the driving machine in advance and driven into the foundation. This method separates concrete construction from casing drilling, which improves construction efficiency, but the price of HDPE material is quite expensive, and the project cost increases significantly. In addition, currently foreign concrete piles with plastic sleeves have a single type, and the pile tips used are flat-bottomed steel plates, which are difficult to pass through when encountering hard soil layers.
目前国内工程中所采用的单壁螺纹塑料套管现浇混凝土桩施工方法:采用全液压辅助震动插管打设机施工,利用其机架连同钢管可以倾斜,先方便的将与预制桩尖连接好的塑料套管插入倾斜钢管内,然后机械放正机架及钢管,将塑料套管打入地基内。该方法在国外基础上做了许多创新改进,采用单壁螺纹管,使得浇注的混凝土与套管能紧密结合,同时外管壁不易破坏,能充分发挥套管与土体间的摩擦作用,提高承载力。利用机架倾斜办法,使廉价的PVC材料制作的硬质套管也能满足先将套管全部打设完毕后再浇注混凝土的施工方法,提高施工效率,除此还可利用此打设多种角度的斜桩。通过改变桩尖形式,开发混凝土及钢板混凝土桩尖,结合液压辅助振动机械,提高了打桩工程中的穿透能力,扩大应用范围。但其也存在明显缺陷:成桩挤土效应,使得塑料套管容易变形甚至破坏;履带式液压打设机由于自身重量和动力系统的限制,遇到坚硬土层时很难通过,打设较为困难,且打设深度较浅;沉桩扩空对桩周土体产生很大扰动,桩身侧摩阻力削弱;塑料套管插入沉管需要沉管或连同机械倾斜、扶正、垂直、对中等过程,这个过程时间较长,极大影响施工速度,提高施工成本。The single-wall threaded plastic casing cast-in-situ concrete pile construction method currently used in domestic projects: use a fully hydraulic auxiliary vibration intubation machine for construction, use its frame and steel pipes to tilt, and firstly connect it to the prefabricated pile tip conveniently The good plastic casing is inserted into the inclined steel pipe, and then the frame and steel pipe are mechanically placed to drive the plastic casing into the foundation. This method has made many innovations and improvements on the basis of foreign countries. The single-wall threaded pipe is used, so that the poured concrete and the casing can be tightly combined, and the outer pipe wall is not easily damaged, and the friction between the casing and the soil can be fully utilized to improve carrying capacity. Using the method of tilting the frame, the hard casing made of cheap PVC material can also meet the construction method of pouring concrete after all the casing is laid first, which improves the construction efficiency. In addition, it can also be used to lay a variety of Angled stakes. By changing the form of pile tips, developing concrete and steel plate concrete pile tips, combined with hydraulic auxiliary vibration machinery, the penetration ability in piling engineering is improved and the application range is expanded. However, it also has obvious defects: the effect of pile-forming soil squeezing makes the plastic casing easy to deform or even be damaged; due to the limitation of its own weight and power system, it is difficult for the crawler-type hydraulic drilling machine to pass through when encountering hard soil layers. Difficult, and the depth of driving is shallow; the expansion of the pile will greatly disturb the soil around the pile, and the frictional resistance of the pile body will be weakened; the insertion of the plastic sleeve into the immersed tube requires the immersed tube or mechanical tilting, righting, vertical, and centering. This process takes a long time, which greatly affects the construction speed and increases the construction cost.
因此目前寻求一种既有预制桩质量好又有现浇混凝土桩造价省、施工方便、加固效果好、对周围环境影响小的适合于国内推广使用的路堤桩型显得十分重要。Therefore, it is very important to seek a kind of embankment pile type that has both good quality of prefabricated piles and low cost of cast-in-place concrete piles, convenient construction, good reinforcement effect, and little impact on the surrounding environment, which is suitable for domestic promotion and use.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种塑料套管混凝土桩及其加固处理软土地基的方法。The object of the present invention is to provide a plastic casing concrete pile and a method for reinforcing and treating soft ground.
本发明的目的是通过以下的技术方案来实现的:The purpose of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
一种塑料套管混凝土桩,其特征在于它是由盖板1、套管2、桩尖3、混凝土4和套管接头5所组成,其中套管2的顶部与盖板1固定连接,套管2的下部与桩尖3相连接,每节套管2之间用套管接头5固定连接,套管2中灌注混凝土4。A plastic casing concrete pile is characterized in that it is composed of a
所述盖板1的上部横向设有2-6根主筋6,纵向设有4-6根加筋7,纵向另有两根突出筋8串出盖板顶面,加筋7与主筋6固定连接,然后放置在“帽钉”型的模具内,用混凝土浇筑制成或者采用钢筋混凝土预制而成。The upper part of the
所述套管2的外壁为螺纹形或部分为光滑形,每节套管2之间与套管接头5用PVC粘结剂胶粘连接,套管2用PVC材料制成。The outer wall of the
所述桩尖3为钢筋混凝土结构,呈圆锥形,上部中央设有用PVC材料制作的套管插头9,套管2下部插入套管插头9中,用粘结剂胶粘连接,套管插头9的外围设有一个凹形圆环11或者设有一个台阶形的平台12。The
所述套管2的外围还能另加固定连接2-4根注浆管13,该管用PVC材料或钢管制成。The periphery of described
用塑料套管混凝土桩加固处理软土地基的方法,其方法步骤如下:The method for reinforcing the soft soil foundation with plastic casing concrete piles has the following steps:
(1)用专用模具预制混凝土桩尖3:钢模具内设置桩尖配置的钢筋,混凝土浇筑振密,在混凝土凝固之前设置凹形圆环11或台阶形的平台12,安放塑料套管插头9,待混凝土达到干固强度后脱掉钢模;(1) Prefabricate the
(2)将每节单壁螺纹塑料套管2分别通过套管接头5连接,并用PVC粘结剂胶粘,或用强力胶水或用锚钉固定连接,使套管长度与设计桩长相等或略超过设计桩长;(2) Connect each section of single-wall threaded
(3)将单壁螺纹塑料套管2下端与预制混凝土桩尖3上的套管插头9相连接,并用PVC粘结剂胶粘,或用强力胶水或锚钉固定连接,形成套管2上端开口的半封闭空间;(3) Connect the lower end of the single-wall threaded
(4)用塑料套管混凝土桩打设机提升单壁螺纹塑料套管2和桩尖3距地面1.0-2.5米高度,将连接好桩尖3的塑料套管2用吊绳14从沉管15底拉入沉管中,沉管15的底部插入桩尖上的凹形圆环11中或搁置在台阶形平台12上;(4) Lift the single-wall threaded
(5)开启塑料套管混凝士桩打设机,找准桩位,把沉管15连同里面带桩头的塑料套管2一并打入地基设计桩深度;(5) Turn on the plastic casing concrete pile setting machine, find out the pile position, and drive the
(6)将单壁螺纹塑料套管2打至设计桩深度后利用注水管16向单壁螺纹塑料套管2内进行注水,注至1/2-2/3桩长水量后开始提升沉管15,而塑料套管2和桩尖3留在地基内,边拔边继续注水,对塑料套管2进行保护;(6) After driving the single-wall threaded
(7)待分区段塑料套管打设完毕,用小型水泵将塑料套管2内水抽净,再统一浇注混凝土桩身和盖板1,并振捣密实,在分区段内形成塑料套管混凝土桩群;(7) After the sub-section plastic casing is finished, use a small water pump to pump out the water in the
(8)当要进一步提高桩侧摩阻力时,另用小型注浆管13向塑料套管2桩侧注浆,改善桩周土性质;(8) When further improving the pile side frictional resistance, use the
(9)桩身、盖板1混凝土达到设计强度后,在盖板1顶铺设加筋材料,并与盖板1连接,形成一个整体,或在盖板1顶先铺设砂石垫层,加筋材料设置在砂石垫层内,不与盖板1连接;(9) After the concrete of the pile body and the
(10)铺设砂石垫层,形成塑料套管混凝土桩复合地基。(10) Lay the sand and gravel cushion to form the composite foundation of plastic casing concrete piles.
本发明桩身套管2采用内外均是螺纹的单壁PVC管,也可采用其他塑料套管。使用单壁螺纹塑料套管,浇注的混凝土可与塑料套管2充分接触,不会因为混凝土收缩而隔离或脱开,这样外管壁也不易损坏,加大了桩与土体的接触摩擦力,提高了桩的承载力,充分发挥了套管螺纹的作用。同时本发明的单壁螺纹塑料套管可为廉价的PVC材料,可以适当的弯曲,结合塑料套管混凝土桩打设机沉管的提升,就可以有足够空间方便迅速的利用拉绳装置将塑料套管插入沉管后打设。这样就使得采用廉价的PVC材料制作的塑料套管也可以满足先将外面的塑料套管全部打设完毕后再开始混凝土浇注的施工方法,即把浇注混凝土和打设塑料套管两道工序分开,两者独立施工互不影响,从而大幅度提高施工效率。而以前只能采用昂贵的HDPE等PE软质材料管或沉管倾斜才能做到这种施工工艺,增加大量施工成本。The
另外,为了减小桩上部负摩擦的不利影响,套管2可以采用下部是螺纹套管、上部是内外壁均光滑的套管相连接的方式,可有效减小上部桩身负摩擦。In addition, in order to reduce the adverse effect of negative friction on the upper part of the pile, the
塑料套管还可根据软土参数、打设深度及布桩间距的不同而沿桩身采用不同环刚度,不同环刚度的套管可用接头加密封圈、必要时再辅助采用胶水和螺丝等方法连接,这样既能保证套管的打设质量,又能节省材料、降低成本。The plastic casing can also adopt different ring stiffnesses along the pile body according to the soft soil parameters, driving depth and pile spacing. For casings with different ring stiffnesses, joints can be added with sealing rings, and glue and screws can be used as auxiliary methods when necessary. Connection, which can not only ensure the quality of the casing, but also save materials and reduce costs.
本发明所使用的预制桩尖可根据各地方土质不同采用钢板桩尖或混凝土桩尖或钢板混凝土桩尖,且可以采用圆锥形、X型等多种形式,扩大了应用范围。目前多采用圆锥形预制混凝土桩尖,且预制桩尖上预设了能与塑料套管紧密连接的接头,套管与桩尖连接后的密闭性好,有效保证套管的打设质量。The prefabricated pile tips used in the present invention can adopt steel sheet pile tips, concrete pile tips or steel plate concrete pile tips according to different soil properties in various places, and can adopt various forms such as conical and X-shaped, which expands the scope of application. At present, conical prefabricated concrete pile tips are mostly used, and the joints that can be tightly connected with plastic casings are preset on the prefabricated pile points.
本发明中桩顶盖板可以采用预制方式,也可采用盖板与桩身混凝土一体化浇注施工的方式,形状可为圆形或方形。采用预制盖板时,待桩身混凝土浇注达到一定强度后,将盖板安置于桩顶,并保证盖板的平正,施工灵活方便;而采用现浇盖板,整体性更好,塑料套管打设完毕后,将套管内注入的水抽净,沿套管顶按盖板的设计尺寸开挖一大小合适的槽,将盖板模具放入槽内,再进行混凝土的浇灌,施工中桩顶插筋可与盖板内两层钢筋绑扎连接后浇注混凝土;或可设置钢筋突出盖板顶端一部分,加筋材料直接铺设于盖板上,并与盖板突出钢筋绑扎连接,形成整体,更能发挥塑料套管混凝土桩的承载性能,或在盖板顶先铺设砂石垫层,加筋材料设置在砂石垫层内,不与盖板连接。In the present invention, the pile top cover plate can be prefabricated, or the cover plate and the pile body concrete can be poured in an integrated way, and the shape can be round or square. When the prefabricated cover plate is used, after the concrete pouring of the pile body reaches a certain strength, the cover plate is placed on the top of the pile, and the cover plate is guaranteed to be flat, so that the construction is flexible and convenient; while the cast-in-place cover plate is used, the integrity is better, and the plastic casing After the drilling is completed, pump out the water injected into the casing, excavate a groove of a suitable size along the top of the casing according to the design size of the cover plate, put the cover plate mold into the groove, and then pour concrete. The top inserting bar can be bound and connected with the two layers of steel bars inside the cover plate before pouring concrete; or the steel bar can be set to protrude from the top part of the cover plate, and the reinforcement material can be directly laid on the cover plate and bound and connected with the protruding steel bars of the cover plate to form a whole. It can exert the load-bearing performance of the plastic casing concrete pile, or lay a sand and gravel cushion on the top of the cover plate, and the reinforcement material is arranged in the sand and gravel cushion, and is not connected with the cover plate.
本发明挤土作用小,不会因为振动挤土而断桩,且对周围环境影响小、施工灵活快速,对场地要求低,桩身质量易于检查、控制,混凝土用量可控且浇注不受外界影响,单桩承载力较高,具有良好的性价比,且适用性强。The invention has a small soil squeezing effect, will not break the pile due to vibration squeezing soil, and has little impact on the surrounding environment, flexible and fast construction, low requirements on the site, easy inspection and control of the pile body quality, controllable concrete dosage, and pouring is not affected by the outside world. The single pile has a high bearing capacity, good cost performance, and strong applicability.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1——塑料套管混凝土桩结构示意图Figure 1—Schematic diagram of the plastic casing concrete pile
(a)套管内外壁为螺纹形 (b)上部为光滑套管,下部为螺纹形套管(a) The inner and outer walls of the casing are threaded (b) The upper part is a smooth casing, and the lower part is a threaded casing
图2——盖板结构示意图Figure 2 - Schematic diagram of the cover plate structure
图3——预制混凝土桩尖示意图Figure 3 - Schematic diagram of a precast concrete pile tip
(a)桩尖上部有凹形圆环 (b)桩尖上部为台阶形平台(a) There is a concave ring on the upper part of the pile tip (b) The upper part of the pile tip is a stepped platform
图4塑料套管插入沉管示意图Figure 4 Schematic Diagram of Inserting Plastic Sleeve into Immersed Tube
图5塑料套管打入地基后侧壁注浆Figure 5 Grouting on the side wall after the plastic casing is driven into the foundation
附图标记:1-盖板、2-套管、3-桩尖、4-混凝土、5-套管连接接头、6-横向主筋、7-纵向主筋、8-纵向突出筋、9-预制桩尖中套管插头、10-水平加筋材料、11-凹形圆环、12-台阶形平台、13-注浆管、14-沉管(钢管)、15-吊绳、16-注水管。Reference signs: 1-cover plate, 2-sleeve, 3-pile tip, 4-concrete, 5-sleeve connection joint, 6-transverse main reinforcement, 7-longitudinal main reinforcement, 8-longitudinal protruding reinforcement, 9-prefabricated pile Point middle casing plug, 10-horizontal reinforcement material, 11-concave ring, 12-step platform, 13-grouting pipe, 14-immersed pipe (steel pipe), 15-hanging rope, 16-water injection pipe.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
实施例1:Example 1:
用专门开发研制的专用塑料套管混凝土桩桩尖模具预制带凹形圆环的桩尖3;根据土质参数、打设深度、布桩间距合理选用PVC材料的套管2;每节套管长10米,直径25厘米,桩身采用全螺纹套管连接方式图1-(a);各段塑料套管之间用接头5、并用PVC粘结剂胶粘连接至设计桩长20米;将塑料套管2的下端与预制的带凹形圆环桩尖3上的套管插头9连接,并用PVC粘结剂胶粘,从而形成套管上端开口的半封闭空间;为方便将套管放入沉管内,用塑料套管混凝土桩打设机提升沉管14至2米高度,将连接好桩尖3的塑料套管2用吊绳15从沉管14底部拉入沉管14中,然后开启塑料套管混凝土桩打设机对准桩位打设至设计深度20米;将塑料套管2打至设计深度20米后即用注水管16对管内进行注水,注至2\3桩长水量后开始提升沉管14,而套管2和桩尖3则留在地基内,边拔边继续注水,对套管2进行保护;待区段内套管全部打设完毕后,将套管2内注水抽净,按盖板1设计尺寸沿套管顶开槽放入盖板模具,桩顶插筋7锚入盖板1与盖板主筋6绑扎或焊接后再统一浇筑混凝土桩身与盖板1,振捣密实,实现一体化施工,形成塑料套管混凝土桩群,当混凝土4达到一定强度后,在盖板1顶部铺设水平加筋材料10,并与盖板顶设置的突出钢筋11绑扎连接,形成整体,最后铺设砂石垫层形成塑料套管混凝土桩复合地基。The pile tip 3 with a concave ring is prefabricated with a specially developed special plastic casing concrete pile tip mold; the casing 2 of PVC material is reasonably selected according to the soil quality parameters, the driving depth, and the pile spacing; the length of each casing is 10 meters, 25 centimeters in diameter, the pile body is connected by fully threaded casing, Figure 1-(a); each section of plastic casing is connected to the designed pile with joint 5 and PVC adhesive, and the length of the pile is 20 meters; The lower end of the plastic casing 2 is connected with the casing plug 9 on the prefabricated concave ring pile tip 3, and is glued with PVC adhesive to form a semi-enclosed space with an opening at the upper end of the casing; Put into the immersed tube, use the plastic sleeve concrete pile setting machine to lift the immersed tube 14 to 2 meters in height, pull the plastic sleeve 2 connected to the pile tip 3 into the immersed tube 14 from the bottom of the immersed tube 14 with a sling 15, and then Turn on the plastic sleeve concrete pile driving machine and align the pile position to drive to the design depth of 20 meters; after the plastic sleeve 2 is driven to the design depth of 20 meters, use the water injection pipe 16 to inject water into the pipe to a length of 2\3 piles Start to lift the immersed tube 14 after the water volume, while the casing 2 and the pile tip 3 stay in the foundation, and continue to inject water while pulling out to protect the casing 2; 2. Inject water into the interior and pump it out. According to the design size of the
实施例2:Example 2:
用专门开发研制的专用塑料套管混凝土桩桩尖模具预制带台阶形平台的桩尖3;根据土质参数、打设深度、布桩间距合理选用PVC材料的套管2;桩身采用上段用内外壁均光滑的套管2下段采用全螺纹套管连接方式图1-(b);各段塑料套管2之间用接头5、并用PVC粘结剂胶粘连接至设计桩长20米,在套管2的外周用铁丝固定4根注浆管13,将塑料套管2的下端与预制的带台阶性平台桩尖3的套管插头9连接,并用PVC粘结剂胶粘,从而形成套管上端开口的半封闭空间;为方便将套管放入沉管内,用塑料套管混凝土桩打设机提升沉管14至2米高度,将连接好桩尖3的塑料套管2用吊绳15从沉管14底部拉入沉管14中,然后开启沉管桩机对准桩位打设至设计深度20米;将塑料套管2打至设计深度20米后即用注水管16对管内进行注水,注至2\3桩长水量后开始提升沉管14,而套管2和桩尖3则留在地基内,边拔边继续注水,对套管2进行保护;待区段内套管全部打设完毕后,将套管2内注水抽净,按盖板1设计尺寸沿套管顶开槽放入盖板模具,桩顶插筋7锚入盖板1与盖板主筋6绑扎或焊接后再统一浇筑混凝土桩身与盖板1,振捣密实,实现一体化施工,形成塑料套管混凝土桩群,当需要进一步提高桩侧摩阻力时,还用小型注浆管13向塑料套管2桩外周注浆,改善桩周围土质性质,当混凝土4达到干固强度后,先在盖板1顶部铺设砂石垫层,再铺设水平加筋材料10,最后剩余铺设砂石垫层形成塑料套管混凝土桩复合地基。The
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