CN105543805B - 船舶发动机渗陶气缸套的制造方法 - Google Patents

船舶发动机渗陶气缸套的制造方法 Download PDF

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CN105543805B
CN105543805B CN201610015281.7A CN201610015281A CN105543805B CN 105543805 B CN105543805 B CN 105543805B CN 201610015281 A CN201610015281 A CN 201610015281A CN 105543805 B CN105543805 B CN 105543805B
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王明泉
刘久万
高金刚
曾慧敏
张加中
戚娟娟
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Jiangsu Huachen Cylinder Liner Inc ltd
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    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
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    • C23C16/00Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
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    • C23C16/30Deposition of compounds, mixtures or solid solutions, e.g. borides, carbides, nitrides
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种船舶发动机渗陶气缸套的制造方法,其流程是:熔炼—浇铸—粗镗—粗车—粗珩磨—修车—精车—珩磨—渗陶,其中渗陶流程为:清除污垢—装炉抽真空预热—通氮气上高频—通硅烷调整参数—通硼烷再调整比例—稳定渗陶—逆向卸载调正。本发明的船舶发动机渗陶气缸套的内表渗陶层坚固、耐磨、减磨、耐高温,气缸套变形小,尺寸稳定,燃机油消耗低,抗穴蚀,使用寿命长,满足远洋船舶对发动机气缸套性能的需求。

Description

船舶发动机渗陶气缸套的制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及气缸套,具体涉及船舶发动机渗陶气缸套的制造方法。
背景技术
目前,船舶发动机气缸套主要存在两个问题:一是内孔硬度较低,不够耐磨,缸套使用寿命短,难以满足船舶发动机特别是远洋船舶发动机的需求;二是船用发动机长时间在海洋环境中运行,零件容易被穴蚀,缸套耐穴蚀性能较差。如果通过加入钼等贵重稀有金属改善气缸套整体材质的方法来增加表面硬度,势必造成不必要的浪费和气缸套成本的增加,因此应该通过对气缸套表面处理来达到提高硬度、防止穴蚀、延长使用寿命。现有对气缸套表面处理的方法有氮化、等温淬火、表面淬火、表面磷化等方法,这些处理方法普遍存在着表面不够稳定、易剥落、变形较大等缺陷,效果不是十分理想。先进的低温等离子体化学气相沉积渗陶技术在发动机领域的应用仅局限于活塞环方面,而发动机气缸摩擦副恰恰需要很好的配副性能。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于:提供一种船舶发动机渗陶气缸套的制造方法,以提高气缸套内表面硬度及耐磨性能,改善内表面润滑性能,增强气缸套外表面综合机械性能及抗穴蚀性能,延长气缸套及船舶发动机使用寿命,降低燃机油消耗,减少尾气排放,保护自然环境。
本发明解决技术问题所采取的技术方案是:该船舶发动机渗陶气缸套的制造流程是:熔炼—浇铸—粗镗—粗车—粗珩磨—修车—精车—珩磨—渗陶,其中渗陶流程为:清除污垢—装炉抽真空预热—通氮气上高频—通硅烷调整参数—通硼烷再调整比例—稳定渗陶—逆向卸载调正,渗陶的具体步骤如下:
(1)清除污垢:用汽油或丙酮将气缸套清洗干净,然后自然风干或者热风吹干;
(2)装炉抽真空预热:将气缸套放入渗陶炉中,开控制柜电源,开冷却水泵0.8~1MPa,开旋片泵;真空降到40Pa开启加热电源,电流2A;真空到20Pa将加热电流升到4A,真空稳定后将加热电流升到6A;加热板温度升到100℃时,开启罗兹泵;加热板温度升到160℃时,开高频柜电源,确认冷却系统没问题,开启灯丝电源,灯丝预热10~20分钟后,温度在160℃以上,真空稳定在12Pa以下,进反应气体;
(3)通氮气上高频:氮气气瓶的供气管开到0.2MPa,进氮气,真空稳定到20Pa,高压开关打开,阳极电压逐渐开到0.6~0.8KV起辉光为止,溅射10分钟以上;
(4)通硅烷调整参数:硅烷气瓶的供气管开到0.2MPa,真空稳定到23Pa,高频阳极电压慢慢升到1.8~2KV;
(5)通硼烷再调整比例:硼烷气瓶的供气管开到0.2MPa,真空稳定到32Pa,高频阳极电压慢慢升到3KV;
(6)稳定渗陶:加热温度200℃时,将加热电流降到4A,保持温度200℃、真空32Pa,高频4小时,期间真空维持不超过32Pa,小幅度降低时用氮气补充;
(7)逆向卸载调正:渗陶结束,先关硅烷总阀,硅烷分压到0.1MPa时关硼烷总阀,硼烷针阀打开,把真空维持在30~32Pa,硼烷分压到0.1MPa时关氮气总阀,关硼烷针阀,加热电流关到2A,氮气分压为0时,关硼烷针阀和氮气针阀;
关掉加热电源,继续开旋片泵10分钟后,先把气阀关闭然后关掉旋片泵;10~20分钟后,关掉高频柜和控制柜总电源,冷却水水泵关掉,4小时后出炉。
本发明的效果是:船舶发动机渗陶气缸套内表渗陶层坚固、耐磨、减磨、耐高温,气缸套变形小,尺寸稳定,燃机油消耗低,抗穴蚀,使用寿命长,满足远洋船舶对发动机气缸套性能的需求。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例进一步说明本发明的技术解决方案,这些实施例不能理解为是对技术方案的限制。
实施例1:依以下步骤制造船舶发动机渗陶气缸套
(1)清除污垢:用汽油或丙酮将气缸套清洗干净,然后自然风干或者热风吹干;
(2)装炉抽真空预热:将气缸套放入渗陶炉中,开控制柜电源,开冷却水泵0.8MPa,开旋片泵;真空降到40Pa开启加热电源,电流2A;真空到20Pa将加热电流升到4A,真空稳定后将加热电流升到6A;加热板温度升到100℃时,开启罗兹泵;加热板温度升到160℃时,开高频柜电源,确认冷却系统没问题,开启灯丝电源,灯丝预热10~20分钟后,温度在160℃以上,真空稳定在12Pa以下,进反应气体;
(3)通氮气上高频:氮气气瓶的供气管开到0.2MPa,进氮气,真空稳定到20Pa,高压开关打开,阳极电压逐渐开到0.6KV起辉光为止,溅射10分钟以上;
(4)通硅烷调整参数:硅烷气瓶的供气管开到0.2MPa,真空稳定到23Pa,高频阳极电压慢慢升到1.8KV;
(5)通硼烷再调整比例:硼烷气瓶的供气管开到0.2MPa,真空稳定到32Pa,高频阳极电压慢慢升到3KV;
(6)稳定渗陶:加热温度200℃时,将加热电流降到4A,保持温度200℃、真空32Pa,高频4小时,期间真空维持不超过32Pa,小幅度降低时用氮气补充;
(7)逆向卸载调正:渗陶结束,先关硅烷总阀,硅烷分压到0.1MPa时关硼烷总阀,硼烷针阀适当开打,把真空维持在30Pa,硼烷分压到0.1MPa时关氮气总阀,关硼烷针阀,加热电流关到2A,氮气分压为0时,关硼烷针阀和氮气针阀;
关掉加热电源,继续开旋片泵10分钟后,先把气阀关闭然后关掉旋片泵;10分钟后,关掉高频柜和控制柜总电源,冷却水水泵关掉,4小时后出炉。
实施例2:依以下步骤制造船舶发动机渗陶气缸套
(1)清除污垢:用汽油或丙酮将气缸套清洗干净,然后自然风干或者热风吹干;
(2)装炉抽真空预热:将气缸套放入渗陶炉中,开控制柜电源,开冷却水泵0.9MPa,开旋片泵;真空降到40Pa开启加热电源,电流2A;真空到20Pa将加热电流升到4A,真空稳定后将加热电流升到6A;加热板温度升到100℃时,开启罗兹泵;加热板温度升到160℃时,开高频柜电源,确认冷却系统没问题,开启灯丝电源,灯丝预热15分钟后,温度在160℃以上,真空稳定在12Pa以下,进反应气体;
(3)通氮气上高频:氮气气瓶的供气管开到0.2MPa,进氮气,真空稳定到20Pa,高压开关打开,阳极电压逐渐开到0.7KV起辉光为止,溅射10分钟以上;
(4)通硅烷调整参数:硅烷气瓶的供气管开到0.2MPa,真空稳定到23Pa,高频阳极电压慢慢升到1.9KV;
(5)通硼烷再调整比例:硼烷气瓶的供气管开到0.2MPa,真空稳定到32Pa,高频阳极电压慢慢升到3KV;
(6)稳定渗陶:加热温度200℃时,将加热电流降到4A,保持温度200℃、真空32Pa,高频4小时,期间真空维持不超过32Pa,小幅度降低时用氮气补充;
(7)逆向卸载调正:渗陶结束,先关硅烷总阀,硅烷分压到0.1MPa时关硼烷总阀,硼烷针阀适当开打,把真空维持在31Pa,硼烷分压到0.1MPa时关氮气总阀,关硼烷针阀,加热电流关到2A,氮气分压为0时,关硼烷针阀和氮气针阀;
关掉加热电源,继续开旋片泵10分钟后,先把气阀关闭然后关掉旋片泵;15分钟后,关掉高频柜和控制柜总电源,冷却水水泵关掉,4小时后出炉。
实施例3:依以下步骤制造船舶发动机渗陶气缸套
(1)清除污垢:用汽油或丙酮将气缸套清洗干净,然后自然风干或者热风吹干;
(2)装炉抽真空预热:将气缸套放入渗陶炉中,开控制柜电源,开冷却水泵1MPa,开旋片泵;真空降到40Pa开启加热电源,电流2A;真空到20Pa将加热电流升到4A,真空稳定后将加热电流升到6A;加热板温度升到100℃时,开启罗兹泵;加热板温度升到160℃时,开高频柜电源,确认冷却系统没问题,开启灯丝电源,灯丝预热20分钟后,温度在160℃以上,真空稳定在12Pa以下,进反应气体;
(3)通氮气上高频:氮气气瓶的供气管开到0.2MPa,进氮气,真空稳定到20Pa,高压开关打开,阳极电压逐渐开到0.8KV起辉光为止,溅射10分钟以上;
(4)通硅烷调整参数:硅烷气瓶的供气管开到0.2MPa,真空稳定到23Pa,高频阳极电压慢慢升到2KV;
(5)通硼烷再调整比例:硼烷气瓶的供气管开到0.2MPa,真空稳定到32Pa,高频阳极电压慢慢升到3KV;
(6)稳定渗陶:加热温度200℃时,将加热电流降到4A,保持温度200℃、真空32Pa,高频4小时,期间真空维持不超过32Pa,小幅度降低时用氮气补充;
(7)逆向卸载调正:渗陶结束,先关硅烷总阀,硅烷分压到0.1MPa时关硼烷总阀,硼烷针阀适当开打,把真空维持在32Pa,硼烷分压到0.1MPa时关氮气总阀,关硼烷针阀,加热电流关到2A,氮气分压为0时,关硼烷针阀和氮气针阀;
关掉加热电源,继续开旋片泵10分钟后,先把气阀关闭然后关掉旋片泵;20分钟后,关掉高频柜和控制柜总电源,冷却水水泵关掉,4小时后出炉。
由实施例1-3制得的船舶发动机渗陶气缸套的表层及基体硬度和横截面硬度梯度如下表:
一、表层及基体维氏显微硬度
二、横截面维氏显微硬度梯度及渗层深度

Claims (1)

1.船舶发动机渗陶气缸套的制造方法,其流程是:熔炼—浇铸—粗镗—粗车—粗珩磨—修车—精车—珩磨—渗陶,其中渗陶流程为:清除污垢—装炉抽真空预热—通氮气上高频—通硅烷调整参数—通硼烷再调整比例—稳定渗陶—逆向卸载调正,其特征是该渗陶的具体步骤如下:
(1)清除污垢:用汽油或丙酮将气缸套清洗干净,然后自然风干或者热风吹干;
(2)装炉抽真空预热:将气缸套放入渗陶炉中,开控制柜电源,开冷却水泵0.8~1MPa,开旋片泵;真空降到40Pa开启加热电源,电流2A;真空到20Pa将加热电流升到4A,真空稳定后将加热电流升到6A;加热板温度升到100℃时,开启罗兹泵;加热板温度升到160℃时,开高频柜电源,确认冷却系统没问题,开启灯丝电源,灯丝预热10~20分钟后,温度在160℃以上,真空稳定在12Pa以下,进反应气体;
(3)通氮气上高频:氮气气瓶的供气管开到0.2MPa,进氮气,真空稳定到20Pa,高压开关打开,阳极电压逐渐开到0.6~0.8KV起辉光为止,溅射10分钟以上;
(4)通硅烷调整参数:硅烷气瓶的供气管开到0.2MPa,真空稳定到23Pa,高频阳极电压慢慢升到1.8~2KV;
(5)通硼烷再调整比例:硼烷气瓶的供气管开到0.2MPa,真空稳定到32Pa,高频阳极电压慢慢升到3KV;
(6)稳定渗陶:加热温度200℃时,将加热电流降到4A,保持温度200℃、真空32Pa,高频4小时,期间真空维持不超过32Pa,小幅度降低时用氮气补充;
(7)逆向卸载调正:渗陶结束,先关硅烷总阀,硅烷分压到0.1MPa时关硼烷总阀,硼烷针阀打开,把真空维持在30~32Pa,硼烷分压到0.1MPa时关氮气总阀,关硼烷针阀,加热电流关到2A,氮气分压为0时,关硼烷针阀和氮气针阀;
关掉加热电源,继续开旋片泵10分钟后,先把气阀关闭然后关掉旋片泵;10~20分钟后,关掉高频柜和控制柜总电源,冷却水水泵关掉,4小时后出炉。
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