CN105543697A - 一种钴铁基含氮合金磁致伸缩材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种钴铁基含氮合金磁致伸缩材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- RIVZIMVWRDTIOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt iron Chemical compound [Fe].[Co].[Co].[Co] RIVZIMVWRDTIOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000002505 iron Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010907 mechanical stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- MHDVGSVTJDSBDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzyl ether Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1COCC1=CC=CC=C1 MHDVGSVTJDSBDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QGLWBTPVKHMVHM-KTKRTIGZSA-N (z)-octadec-9-en-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCN QGLWBTPVKHMVHM-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000220317 Rosa Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000218 acetic acid group Chemical group C(C)(=O)* 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Co+2] GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001981 cobalt nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- SZKXDURZBIICCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt;pentane-2,4-dione Chemical compound [Co].CC(=O)CC(C)=O SZKXDURZBIICCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- MVFCKEFYUDZOCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);dinitrate Chemical group [Fe+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MVFCKEFYUDZOCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H iron(3+) sulfate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[Fe+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000360 iron(III) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910003321 CoFe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002186 photoelectron spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/10—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing cobalt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/24—Nitriding
- C23C8/26—Nitriding of ferrous surfaces
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N35/00—Magnetostrictive devices
- H10N35/80—Constructional details
- H10N35/85—Magnetostrictive active materials
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- Metallurgy (AREA)
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- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract
一种钴铁基含氮合金磁致伸缩材料及其制备方法,所述钴铁基含氮合金磁致伸缩材料可由钴铁氧在H2/N2气氛,800℃~1000℃下还原2~4h,得到单相钴铁合金;接着在NH3气氛下,退火温度300~1000℃,退火2h制成。本发明还包括钴铁基含氮合金磁致伸缩材料的制备方法。本发明之钴铁基含氮合金磁致伸缩材料具有良好的耐酸腐蚀性能,拓宽了它在具有腐蚀环境中的应用范围,且制备工艺简单,价格低廉,适合于工业化生产。实验证明,本发明与单相钴铁合金(CF)相比,钴铁基含氮合金(CFN)样品磁致伸缩系数与CF相当,可达51ppm;而CFN样品在硫酸溶液中腐蚀24h无明显变化,对酸性溶液表现出具有良好的抗腐蚀性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种钴铁基含氮合金磁致伸缩材料及其制备方法,具体涉及一种具有高磁致伸缩系数及良好耐酸腐蚀的钴铁基含氮合金磁致伸缩材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
磁致伸缩材料在驱动器、传感器和换能器等领域具有巨大的潜在应用价值。磁致伸缩系数λ大于30ppm的材料一般称为高磁致伸缩材料。例如,广泛应用的Galfenol合金即Fe81Ga19合金室温下的磁致伸缩系数为34ppm。Er掺杂的Fe83Ga17Erx合金磁致伸缩系数在20ppm~40ppm之间。但是炉冷处理可使合金的磁致伸缩性能下降,除Fe83Ga17Er0.2合金的磁致伸缩系数可达37ppm,性能较高以外,其他合金均在25ppm左右。近年来,通过Tb掺杂,可将合金磁致伸缩系数提高到85ppm,但Ga的价格约为Co价格的4倍,Tb的价格更高,是Co价格的16倍,由此昂贵的价格限制了该类材料的大规模应用。
目前,CoFe2O4具有较大的磁致伸缩系数,受到广泛研究,主要集中在Co2+和Fe3+位进行掺杂,包括在Fe3+位掺杂Mn,Cr,Al,Ga,Zr;在Co2+位掺杂Ge等,至今尚未见在O2﹣位进行掺杂的报道,但是CoFe2O4矫顽力大,磁滞损耗强,磁电转换效率低。纯CoFe合金也有比较大的磁致伸缩系数,其薄膜样品的最高磁致伸缩系数可达75ppm,但纯合金材料易被氧化和腐蚀,从而影响器件性能。
基于上述考虑,开发一种具有高磁致伸缩系数、价格便宜、易于制备,同时又耐腐蚀的合金材料意义重大。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是,提供一种具有高磁致伸缩系数及良好耐酸腐蚀的钴铁基含氮合金磁致伸缩材料及其制备方法。
本发明解决其技术问题采用的技术方案是,一种钴铁基含氮合金磁致伸缩材料,可由钴铁氧在H2/N2气氛,800℃~1000℃下还原2~4h,得到单相钴铁合金;接着在NH3气氛下,退火温度300~1000℃,退火2h制成。
进一步,所述钴铁氧是按照钴:铁元素摩尔比为1:2,称取二价钴盐、三价铁盐样品溶解,加入柠檬酸和乙二醇,再滴加氨水调节PH值为6~8,接着水浴60~80℃机械搅拌至样品成凝胶状,放入烘箱内在180~220℃发烟,取出放入高温加热设备中在800℃~1000℃,高温烧结2~4h制成。
进一步,所述二价钴盐为硝酸钴、氯化钴或硫酸钴,所述三价铁盐为硝酸铁、氯化铁或硫酸铁。
进一步,所述钴铁氧是将二苄醚、油胺、油酸、称量好的乙酰丙酮铁和乙酰丙酮钴加入到三口圆底烧瓶中,30~40℃磁力搅拌20~30min,加热到100~120℃恒温30~40min,然后加热到180~200℃恒温2~2.5h,最后再加热到290~300℃恒温30~60min制成。
本发明进一步解决其技术问题采用的技术方案是,一种钴铁基含氮合金磁致伸缩材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)钴铁氧的制备:按照钴:铁元素摩尔比为1:2,称取二价钴盐、三价铁盐样品放入烧杯中,加入水,在50~60℃下磁力搅拌使其完全溶解,然后加入柠檬酸和乙二醇,再滴加氨水调节PH值为6~8,接着在水浴60~80℃机械搅拌至样品成凝胶状,将样品放入烘箱内在180~220℃发烟,取出放入高温加热设备中在800℃~1000℃,高温烧结2~4h,制得钴铁氧(CoFe2O4);
(2)单相钴铁合金的制备:将步骤(1)中制备的钴铁氧在H2/N2气氛,800℃~1000℃下还原2~4h,得到单相钴铁合金(CF);
(3)钴铁基含氮合金磁致伸缩材料的制备:将步骤(2)中制备的单相钴铁合金在NH3气氛下,退火温度300~1000℃,退火2h,即得钴铁基含氮合金材料(CFN)。
进一步,所述钴铁基含氮合金磁致伸缩材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)钴铁氧的制备:按照钴:铁元素摩尔比为1:2,称取二价钴盐、三价铁盐样品放入烧杯中,加入蒸馏水,在60℃下磁力搅拌使其完全溶解,然后加入柠檬酸和乙二醇,再滴加氨水调节PH值为7,接着在水浴80℃机械搅拌至样品成凝胶状,将样品放入烘箱内在200℃发烟,取出放入马弗炉中在800℃,高温烧结4h,制得钴铁氧;
(2)单相钴铁合金的制备:将步骤(1)中制备的钴铁氧在H2/N2气氛,800℃下还原4h,得到单相钴铁合金;
(3)钴铁基含氮合金磁致伸缩材料的制备:将步骤(2)中制备的单相钴铁合金在NH3气氛下,退火温度400~1000℃(更优选1000℃),退火2h,即得钴铁基含氮合金磁致伸缩材料。
本发明之钴铁基含氮合金磁致伸缩材料具有良好的耐酸腐蚀性能,拓宽了CFN材料在具有腐蚀环境中的应用范围,且制备工艺简单,价格低廉,适合于工业化生产。实验证明,本发明与单相钴铁合金(CF)相比,钴铁基含氮合金(CFN)样品磁致伸缩系数与CF相当,可达51ppm;而CFN样品在硫酸溶液中腐蚀24h无明显变化,对酸性溶液表现出具有良好的抗腐蚀性。
附图说明
图1为高温烧结后的钴铁氧(CoFe2O4)和氢气还原后得到的钴铁合金(CF)样品的X-射线衍射图谱。其中,横坐标为衍射角,纵坐标为相对强度。
图2为钴铁合金在NH3中系列温度退火后得到的钴铁基含氮合金样品的X-射线衍射图谱。其中,选CFN1000作为CFN样品。
图3为CF、CFN的X射线光电子能谱图。
图4为未经任何腐蚀的CFN样品(a)和在硫酸溶液中腐蚀24h后的CFN样品的扫描电镜照片(SEM),(b)为低放大倍数,(c)为高放大倍数。
图5(a)为CF的磁致伸缩系数,图5(b)为CFN的磁致伸缩系数。
图6为金属有机盐热分解法制备的CFN的XRD图。其中,(a)为钴铁合金在氨气中系列温度退火后的样品的XRD图,(b)为钴铁氧直接在氨气中系列温度退火后得到的样品的XRD图。
图7为CF(a)与CFN(b)样品的电阻率随温度变化关系图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明进一步加以说明。
实施例1:钴铁基含氮合金磁致伸缩材料的制备
(1)按照钴:铁元素摩尔比为1:2,称取二价钴盐、三价铁盐样品放入烧杯中,加入蒸馏水,在60℃下磁力搅拌使其完全溶解,然后加入柠檬酸和乙二醇,再滴加氨水调节PH值为7,接着在水浴80℃机械搅拌至样品成凝胶状,将样品放入烘箱内在200℃发烟,取出放入马弗炉中在800℃,高温烧结4h,制得结晶状况良好的钴铁氧;
(2)将步骤(1)中制备的钴铁氧在H2/N2气氛(4%N2+96%H2,500sccm气氛),800℃下还原4h,得到单相钴铁合金;
(3)将步骤(2)中制备的单相钴铁合金分成8份,将其中七份在NH3中退火2h,退火温度依次为400℃、600℃、800℃、850℃、900℃、950、1000℃,得到的样品依次命名为CFN400、CFN600、CFN800、CFN850、CFN900、CFN950、CFN1000。
实施例2、验证钴铁基含氮合金磁致伸缩材料
1、验证中间产物钴铁氧和钴铁合金的纯度
用X-射线衍射仪(XRD;DX-2000SSC)测试实施例1制备的高温烧结后的钴铁氧(CoFe2O4)和氢气还原后得到的钴铁合金(CF),相应的X-射线衍射图谱,见图1。
由图1中的各衍射峰的位置和相对强度与标准PDF卡片(CoFe2O4(No.221086)、CoFe(No.491568))相比可知,本发明实验制得的是纯的钴铁氧和钴铁合金。
2、确定钴铁基含氮合金磁致伸缩材料
用X-射线衍射仪(XRD;DX-2000SSC)测试实施例1制备的钴铁合金在NH3中系列温度退火后的样品,得到钴铁基含氮合金的X-射线衍射图谱,见图2。
由图2中的各衍射峰的位置和相对强度与标准PDF卡片(Fe3N(No.760091)、CoFe(No.491568))相比可知,从600℃开始形成与Fe3N结构相似的新物质,申请人定义这种新物种为钴铁氮(CoFe2N),一种新型金属氮化物。
用X射线光电子能谱仪测试钴铁合金(CF)、CFN1000样品即CFN,得到的X射线光电子能谱图如图3所示。与钴铁合金的光电子能谱相比,在CFN的光电子能谱出现了氮元素的峰。
实施例3:钴铁基含氮合金磁致伸缩材料的腐蚀实验和磁致伸缩系数测试
1、腐蚀实验测试
将实施例1中的钴铁合金(CF)、CFN1000样品压成圆片后,在氮气气氛下1000℃煅烧4h,然后将煅烧后的圆片表面及侧面用砂纸打磨光滑,进行腐蚀实验测试。
将钴铁合金(CF)、CFN在0.1MH2SO4溶液中浸泡24h。在浸泡过程中,钴铁合金(CF)浸泡20h后完全被腐蚀溶解;未经任何腐蚀的CFN样品和在硫酸溶液中腐蚀24h后的CFN样品的扫描电镜照片(SEM),见图4。
由图4可见,与CF相比,CFN样品对酸具有很好的耐腐蚀性。
2、磁致伸缩系数测试
CF与CFN的磁致伸缩系数采用标准的线性应变片技术在超导量子干涉仪(QuantumDesign,PPMSEC-II)中测量,结果如图5所示。由图5可知,CFN样品具有高的磁致伸缩系数51ppm,磁致伸缩系数与CF相当。
CF与CFN样品的电阻率随温度变化不明显,见图7(a),7(b)。实施例4:钴铁基含氮合金磁致伸缩材料的制备
利用金属有机盐热分解法制备出均匀分散的、粒径大小仅有十几纳米的钴铁氧纳米粒子(CoFe2O4),然而将CoFe2O4分成两份:CFO1和CFO2。
将CFO1在4%H2+96%N2氛围下,500sccm,还原4小时,完全还原成钴铁合金(CF),然后分别于300、500、700、900度NH3退火2小时,所得样品命名为CFN300、CFN500、CFN700、CFN900。用X-射线衍射仪(XRD;DX-2000SSC)测试钴铁合金在氨气中系列温度退火后的得到的钴铁基含氮合金样品的X-射线衍射图谱(XRD),见图6(a)。由图6(a)中可知,500度时有新相生成,900度氨气处理后即可得到纯相的新物质,这种物质与Fe3N(No.760091)具有相似的结构,为新型的钴铁基含氮合金磁致伸缩材料。
将CFO2直接在NH3中退火,分别于300、500、700、900度NH3退火2小时,所得样品命名为CFON300、CFON500、CFON700、CFON900。
用X-射线衍射仪(XRD;DX-2000SSC)测试钴铁氧直接在氨气中系列温度退火后得到的钴铁基含氮合金样品的XRD图,见图6(b)。由图6(b)可知,采用这种方法也可得到钴铁基含氮合金磁致伸缩材料,但由于退火温度或时间不足,并没有得到单相的物质,最终900度处理后得到的是钴铁基含氮合金与钴铁合金的复合物。
Claims (7)
1.一种钴铁基含氮合金磁致伸缩材料,其特征在于,可由钴铁氧在H2/N2气氛,800℃~1000℃下还原2~4h,得到单相钴铁合金;接着在NH3气氛下,退火温度300~1000℃,退火2h制成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的钴铁基含氮合金磁致伸缩材料,其特征在于,所述钴铁氧是按照钴:铁元素摩尔比为1:2,称取二价钴盐、三价铁盐样品溶解,加入柠檬酸和乙二醇,再滴加氨水调节PH值为6~8,接着水浴60~80℃机械搅拌至样品成凝胶状,放入烘箱内在180~220℃发烟,取出放入高温加热设备中在800℃~1000℃,高温烧结2~4h制成。
3.根据权利要求2所述的钴铁基含氮合金磁致伸缩材料,其特征在于,所述二价钴盐为硝酸钴、氯化钴或硫酸钴,所述三价铁盐为硝酸铁、氯化铁或硫酸铁。
4.根据权利要求1所述的钴铁基含氮合金磁致伸缩材料,其特征在于,所述钴铁氧是将二苄醚、油胺、油酸、称量好的乙酰丙酮铁和乙酰丙酮钴加入到三口圆底烧瓶中,30~40℃磁力搅拌20~30min,加热到100~120℃恒温30~40min,然后加热到180~200℃恒温2~2.5h,最后再加热到290~300℃恒温30~60min制成。
5.一种如权利要求1~4之一所述的钴铁基含氮合金磁致伸缩材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)单相钴铁合金的制备:将钴铁氧在H2/N2气氛,800℃~1000℃下还原2~4h,得到单相钴铁合金;
(2)钴铁基含氮合金磁致伸缩材料的制备:将步骤(1)中制备的单相钴铁合金在NH3气氛下,退火温度300~1000℃,退火2h,即成。
6.根据权利要求5所述的钴铁基含氮合金磁致伸缩材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)单相钴铁合金的制备:将钴铁氧在H2/N2气氛,800℃下还原4h,得到单相钴铁合金;
(2)钴铁基含氮合金磁致伸缩材料的制备:将步骤(1)中制备的单相钴铁合金在NH3气氛下,退火温度400~1000℃,退火2h,即成。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的钴铁基含氮合金磁致伸缩材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,所述退火温度1000℃。
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