CN105535522A - 一种治疗麻醉药物所致静脉炎的中药及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种治疗麻醉药物所致静脉炎的中药及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种治疗麻醉药物所致静脉炎的中药及其制备方法,中药中包括以下原料药材:小叶柳、追风伞、秋海棠根、月季花、山蒟、驱风通、小接筋草、胆木、扁蕾、白毛藤根、赤胫散、黄牛茶、羊蹄草、生藤、黑老虎、三张叶、牛奶浆根、桑耳、金爪儿、肉连环、捆仙丝和苦草。本发明的有益效果:本发明的有益效果:本发明麻醉药物所致静脉炎使用的中药使用安全方便,治疗效果好,无毒副作用,见效快,制备工艺简单。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中医药工程技术领域,尤其涉及一种治疗麻醉药物所致静脉炎的中药及其制备方法。
背景技术
静脉炎是临床上静脉给药治疗中常见的并发症之一。在静脉给药时,由于药液外渗、外漏,或因某些药物的PH值、酸碱度、渗透压、药物毒性作用等对局部血管内膜的刺激和损伤,或输注操作不当等原因,使静脉及邻近组织造成损伤,出现发红、肿胀、疼痛、血管硬化等,造成血管不通畅或闭塞,甚至坏死,给患者带来精神和肉体上的痛苦,同时也影响治疗工作的连续性和医患关系。
临床实践表明,静脉输注药物时,选择血管管径偏细时,局部静脉炎发生率有相应增高,这可能与血管管径偏细限制了药物在体内的扩散速度有关,因此此时,药物在局部积聚时间增加,对局部刺激亦相应增强。基于此,静脉输注选择血管时,尽量不要选择过细的血管进行给药。在穿刺时,穿刺部位不当、反复将同一部位作为穿刺点、针头斜面并未完全刺入血管壁之内、输注完毕拔针时按压不当或按压时间过短等因素,都易造成药液外渗情况发生,增加了静脉炎的发生概率。药物在同一血管内输注或停留时间越长,药物对局部血管的刺激强度也越大,发生局部静脉炎的机会也相应增大或发生局部静脉炎的程度也相应加重。一般认为,药物输注速度愈快,静脉炎发生概率亦愈大,并且反应程度亦越重,这主要因为输注时间越短,则药物在局部积聚量越多,对局部血管的刺激也越强,那么发生静脉炎的机会也就相应增加许多,且严重程度也是一般随着速度的增加而增强。给药过程中,操作不够规范、无菌操作不到位、留置针留置时间过长、给药浓度过高、输注速度过快等,都可能造成局部血管内膜损伤,增加静脉炎的发生机会。
临床中发现,不少药物的输注都可能引起静脉炎的发生,比如抗微生物药物(氧氟沙星、诺氟沙星、青霉素、头孢唑肟钠等)、肿瘤化疗药物(斑蝥酸钠、奥沙利铂、异长春花碱、氟尿嘧啶顺铂等)、循环系统药物(前列腺素E1、葛根素注射液、脑复新、β-七叶皂苷钠、昂旦司琼等)、高渗药物(甘露醇、脂肪乳、复方氨基酸等)、麻醉药及辅助用药(依托咪酯、异丙酚、乙咪酯和硫喷妥钠、安定、杜冷丁等)、造影剂(萤火素钠等)或其他药物(华蟾素、苦参碱、阿托品、ATP、辅酶A、雷公藤内酯醇等)等等,上述药物中,或者因为药物的酸碱性超出血液的正常PH值范围,导致血管内膜生理功能异常引发静脉炎,或者因为多种药物在同一通路中输注,因不同药物配伍后可引起PH值改变而产生浑浊、沉淀或加续分解引发静脉炎,或者因为药物的渗透压太高或太低,导致细胞脱水或细胞水分过多造成细胞破裂引发静脉炎,或者因为药物的刺激性和毒性,使血管内膜受损引发静脉炎,或者因为药物中含有过大的不溶性微粒刺激血管引发静脉炎,或者因为药物的输注速度过快或输注时间过长,造成血管内皮细胞损伤引发静脉炎。
中医认为静脉炎发生系局部脉络损伤,血行不畅,血瘀阻滞,不通则痛;津液输布受阻而肿胀;瘀血内蕴而发热;络道阻塞,血运受阻,水津外溢,聚而为湿,停滞肌肤则肿;血瘀湿浊郁久化热,故肢体发热;气虚无以统摄脉络,瘀血结聚,则表浅络脉显露。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于,利用我国传统的中医理论,提供一种疗效确切且毒性作用小的治疗麻醉药物所致静脉炎的中药及其制备方法。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种治疗麻醉药物所致静脉炎的中药,所述中药包括以下原料药材:小叶柳、追风伞、秋海棠根、月季花、山蒟、驱风通、小接筋草、胆木、扁蕾、白毛藤根、赤胫散、黄牛茶、羊蹄草、生藤、黑老虎、三张叶、牛奶浆根、桑耳、金爪儿、肉连环、捆仙丝和苦草。
所述中药中的各种原料药材的重量份数比可以优选为:小叶柳20~30份、追风伞15~25份、秋海棠根10~20份、月季花30~40份、山蒟15~30份、驱风通25~35份、小接筋草10~20份、胆木5~15份、扁蕾15~25份、白毛藤根20~30份、赤胫散15~30份、黄牛茶10~20份、羊蹄草5~15份、生藤25~35份、黑老虎15~25份、三张叶20~30份、牛奶浆根15~30份、桑耳10~20份、金爪儿5~15份、肉连环15~25份、捆仙丝25~35份和苦草20~30份。
所述中药中的各种原料药材的重量份数比还可以进一步优选为:小叶柳20~25份、追风伞15~20份、秋海棠根10~15份、月季花30~35份、山蒟20~25份、驱风通30~35份、小接筋草15~20份、胆木5~10份、扁蕾15~20份、白毛藤根25~30份、赤胫散20~25份、黄牛茶15~20份、羊蹄草10~15份、生藤30~35份、黑老虎20~25份、三张叶25~30份、牛奶浆根20~25份、桑耳10~15份、金爪儿5~10份、肉连环15~20份、捆仙丝30~35份和苦草20~25份。
所述中药中的各种原料药材的重量份数比也可以进一步优选为:小叶柳21份、追风伞18份、秋海棠根12份、月季花35份、山蒟21份、驱风通34份、小接筋草16份、胆木10份、扁蕾17份、白毛藤根28份、赤胫散22份、黄牛茶18份、羊蹄草12份、生藤35份、黑老虎21份、三张叶29份、牛奶浆根22份、桑耳15份、金爪儿7份、肉连环19份、捆仙丝31份和苦草25份。
当所述中药的剂型为颗粒剂时,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
步骤一:将所述原料药材按所述比例混合,加相对于混合物5~6倍的醇浓度为80%~95%的乙醇,加热至沸腾回流4~6小时,过滤,以回流液为溶剂,以滤渣为溶质,采用渗漉法以每分钟1~2ml的速度缓缓渗漉,收集渗漉液,随后在真空度0.06~0.08Mpa下减压浓缩至50~60℃时相对密度为1.05~1.10的膏体,喷雾干燥,喷雾干燥机的进风温度160~175℃、出风温度80~85℃,随后粉碎成粉末,制成干膏粉;
步骤二:在获得的干膏粉中加入相对于干膏粉质量0.2~0.4倍的蔗糖粉和0.1~0.2倍的糊精,制成颗粒,于40~50℃干燥,获得颗粒剂。
当所述中药的剂型为贴片剂时,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
第一步,将小叶柳、追风伞、秋海棠根、月季花、山蒟、驱风通、小接筋草和胆木按所述比例混合,用相对于获得的混合物质量的3~5倍的醇浓度85%~95%的乙醇溶解,加热回流2~4小时后提取,过滤,得第一过滤液;将滤渣再次用相对于获得的混合物质量的2~3倍的醇浓度85%~95%的乙醇溶解,加热回流1~2小时后提取,过滤,得第二过滤液;合并第一过滤液和第二过滤液,减压回收乙醇并浓缩至药液浓度为1.2~1.5g生药/mL,经体积为5L的大孔吸附树脂柱洗脱,先用5倍树脂柱体积的去离子水或蒸馏水洗脱,再用3倍树脂柱体积的醇浓度为90%~95%乙醇洗脱,收集乙醇洗脱液,减压浓缩除去乙醇,干燥并粉碎成粉末;
第二步,将三张叶、牛奶浆根、桑耳、金爪儿、肉连环、捆仙丝和苦草按所述比例混合,加相对于获得的混合物质量的4~6倍的醇浓度85%~95%的乙醇加热回流提取1~2次,提取液合并,用管式离心机离心除杂,将除杂后的提取液于60℃~70℃的条件下减压浓缩至60℃时相对密度为1.20~1.23的膏体,将浓缩后的膏体用喷雾干燥器干燥成粉末;
第三步,将剩余原料药材按所述比例混合,加相对于获得的混合物质量的3~6倍的水溶解,加热煎煮2~4小时,过滤;将滤渣再次用相对于获得的混合物质量的2~4倍的水溶解,加热煎煮1~2小时,过滤;合并两次的过滤液,减压浓缩除去水分,干燥并粉碎成粉末;
第四步,将第一步、第二步和第三步获得的粉末混合,加入相对于混合粉末质量的0.8~1.5倍的橡胶、1~1.5倍的松香,混合,制成涂料,进行涂膏,切断,盖衬,切片,即获得所述贴片剂。
本发明的有益效果:本发明麻醉药物所致静脉炎使用的中药使用安全方便,治疗效果好,无毒副作用,见效快,制备工艺简单。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种治疗麻醉药物所致静脉炎的中药,中药中包括以下原料药材:小叶柳、追风伞、秋海棠根、月季花、山蒟、驱风通、小接筋草、胆木、扁蕾、白毛藤根、赤胫散、黄牛茶、羊蹄草、生藤、黑老虎、三张叶、牛奶浆根、桑耳、金爪儿、肉连环、捆仙丝和苦草。
各种原料药材的药理如下:
小叶柳:【别名】山杨柳、红梅蜡。【来源】药材基源:为杨柳科植物小叶柳的根或叶。【性味】辛;性温。【归经】肝经。【功能主治】祛风除湿;活血化瘀。主风湿骨痛;劳伤。【摘录】《中华本草》
追风伞:【别名】惊风伞、公接骨丹、破凉伞、背花草、灯台单。【来源】药材基源:为报春花科植物狭叶落地梅的全草或根。【性味】辛;性温。【功能主治】祛风通络;活血止痛。主风湿痹痛;半身不遂;小儿惊风;跌打;骨折。【各家论述】《贵州草药》:祛风除湿,活血化瘀,定惊,生肌。【摘录】《中华本草》
秋海棠根:【别名】金线吊葫芦、红白二丸、岩丸子。【来源】药材基源:为秋海棠科植物秋海棠的根。【性味】味酸;涩。【功能主治】化瘀;止血;清热利湿。主跌打损伤;吐血、咯血;衄血;刀伤出血;崩漏;血瘀经闭;月经不调;带下;淋浊;泻痢;胃痛;咽喉肿痛。【各家论述】1.《陕西中草药》:活血散瘀,清热,止血止痛。治跌打损伤,吐血,衄血,胃溃疡,痢疾,肺痈,崩漏,白带,月经不调。2.江西《草药手册》:行气行血,消肿止痛,镇痉,治瘰疬。【摘录】《中华本草》
月季花:【别名】四季花、月月红、月贵花、长春花、月季红、月光花、四香春。【来源】药材基源:为蔷薇科植物月季花的花。【性味】甘;温;无毒。【归经】肝;肾经。【功能主治】活血调经;解毒消肿。主月经不调;痛经;闭经;跌打损伤;瘀血肿痛;瘰疬;痈肿;烫伤。【各家论述】《泉州本草》:通经活血化瘀,清肠胃湿热,泻肺火,止咳,止血止痛,消痈毒。治肺虚咳嗽咯血,痢疾,瘰疬溃烂,痈疽肿毒,妇女月经不调。【摘录】《中华本草》
山蒟:【别名】酒饼藤、爬岩香、石蒟、穿壁风、满天香、小风藤、香藤、过节风。【来源】药材基源:为胡椒科植物山蒟的茎叶或根。【性味】辛;温。【归经】肺;脾经。【功能主治】祛风除湿;活血消肿;行气止痛;化痰止咳。主风湿痹痛;胃痛;痛经;跌打损伤;风寒咳喘;疝气痛。【各家论述】《广西实用中草药新选》:消肿止痛,驱风寒,通经。治跌打损伤,毒蛇咬伤。【摘录】《中华本草》
驱风通:【别名】有刺盐肤木、刺椿木、天星木、满天星、木满天星。【来源】药材基源:为芸香科植物大叶臭花椒的茎、枝叶。【性味】辛;苦;温。【功能主治】祛除风湿;消肿解毒;止痛止血。主风寒感冒;风湿痹痛;跌打骨折;外伤出血;烧烫伤;毒蛇咬伤。【摘录】《中华本草》
小接筋草:【别名】龙胡子、岩石松、卷柏状石松、小杉兰。【来源】药材基源:为石杉科植物石杉的全草。【性味】微苦;凉;平。【归经】心经。【功能主治】止血;续筋;祛风除湿;消肿止痛。主外伤出血;跌打损伤;风湿痹痛;荨麻疹。【各家论述】《文山中草药》:散风和血,消肿止痛。治跌打损伤,风湿疼痛。【摘录】《中华本草》《中药大辞典》
胆木:【别名】山熊胆、熊胆树、药乌檀、黄胆木、黄心木、树黄柏。【来源】药材基源:为茜草科植物胆木的枝、树皮。【性味】苦;寒。【归经】肺;大肠;胆;膀胱经。【功能主治】清热解毒;消肿止痛。主感冒发热;支气管炎;肺炎;急性扁桃体炎;咽喉炎;乳腺炎;肠炎;菌痢;尿路感染;胆囊炎;下肢溃疡;脚癣感染;疖肿脓疡;皮炎湿疹。【摘录】《中华本草》
扁蕾:【来源】药材基源:为龙服科植物扁蕾的全草。【性味】苦;性寒。【归经】心;肝经。【功能主治】清热解毒;消肿止痛。主外感发热;肝炎;胆囊炎;头痛目赤;外伤肿痛;疮疖肿毒。【摘录】《中华本草》
白毛藤根:【别名】排风藤根。【来源】药材基源:为茄科植物白英的根。【性味】味苦;辛;性平。【功能主治】清热解毒;消肿止痛。主风炎牙痛;头痛;瘰疬;痔漏。【摘录】《中华本草》
赤胫散:【别名】花蝴蝶、荞子连、九龙盘、花扁担、散血连、红皂药、苦茶头草、红泽兰、荞黄连、甜荞莲。【来源】药材基源:为蓼科植物赤胫散和缺腰叶蓼的全草。【性味】苦;微酸;涩;性平。【功能主治】清热解毒;活血舒筋。主痢疾;泄泻;赤白带下;经闭;痛经;乳痈;疮疖;无名肿毒;毒蛇咬伤;跌打损伤;劳伤腰痛。【各家论述】1.《广西实用中草药新选》:消肿解毒。治毒蛇咬伤,痈疖,无名肿毒,乳腺炎。2.《四川常用中草药》:清热,活血。治内伤,血热头昏头痛,红崩,经闭,虚火咳嗽,赤白痢,痈毒恶疮。【摘录】《中华本草》
黄牛茶:【别名】黄芽木、雀笼木。【来源】药材基源:为藤黄科植物黄牛木的茎叶、根或树皮。【性味】甘淡;微苦;凉。【归经】肺;胃;大肠经。【功能主治】清热解毒;化湿消滞;祛瘀消肿。主感冒;中暑发热;泄泻;黄疸;跌打损伤;痈肿疮疖;嫩叶作清凉饮料;能解暑热烦渴。【各家论述】《广西药植名录》:止血,消肿,去毒。治肚痛腹泻,黄疸病。【摘录】《中华本草》
羊蹄草:【别名】紫背草、假芥兰、爆仗草、红背叶、土黄连、野芥兰、千日红、乌疔草。【来源】药材基源:为菊科植物一点红的全草。【性味】味苦;性凉。【功能主治】清热解毒;散瘀消肿。主上呼吸道感染;口腔溃疡;肺炎;乳腺炎;肠炎;菌痢;尿路感染;疮疖痈肿;湿疹;跌打损伤。【各家论述】1.《陆川本草》:凉血消炎。治伤口感染红肿。2.《广西实用中草药新选》:抗菌消炎。治急性上呼吸道炎,肺炎,扁桃体炎,口腔溃疡,乳腺炎,慢性盆腔炎,痢疾,腹泻,毒蛇咬伤。【摘录】《中华本草》
生藤:【别名】羊角藤、冷水发汗、水逼药、大花藤、香根藤。【来源】药材基源:为双子叶植物药萝藦科植物须药藤的茎藤。【性味】甘辛;温。【归经】脾;胃经。【功能主治】祛风散寒;行气通络。主感冒;咳嗽;脘腹胀痛;风寒湿痹。【各家论述】《云南中草药》:发散风寒,舒筋活络,温胃止痛。治风寒感冒,胃寒疼痛,风湿。【摘录】《中华本草》
黑老虎:【别名】过山风、风沙藤、透地连珠、红钻、钻骨风、过山香、大叶钻骨风、红火风藤。【来源】药材基源:为五味子科植物冷饭团的根及蔓茎。【性味】辛;微苦;性温。【功能主治】行气止痛;散瘀通络。主胃及十二指肠溃疡;慢性胃炎;急性胃肠炎;风湿痹痛;跌打损伤;骨折;痛经;产后瘀血腹痛;疝气痛。【摘录】《中华本草》
三张叶:【别名】三叶珍珠草、三支叶、节骨风、解毒草、跌打鼠。【来源】药材基源:为报春花科植物三叶香草的全草或根。【性味】辛;苦;性温。【功能主治】祛风通络;行气活血。主风湿痹痛;脘腹疼痛;跌打肿痛。【各家论述】《文山中草药》:祛风除湿,舒筋活血。【摘录】《中华本草》
牛奶浆根:【别名】毛天仙果根。【来源】药材基源:为桑科植物天仙果的根。【性味】甘;辛;性温。【归经】肺;脾;肾经。【功能主治】益气健脾;活血通络;祛风除湿。主劳倦乏力;食少;乳汁不下;脾虚白带;脱肛;月经不调;头风疼痛;跌打损伤;风湿性关节痛。【各家论述】《福建民间草药》:行气活血,祛风解毒。治风湿关节疼痛,跌打损伤。【摘录】《中华本草》
桑耳:【别名】桑菌、桑上寄生、桑檽、桑上木耳、桑鸡。【来源】药材基源:为银耳科银耳属和木耳科木耳必可食用真菌的子实体。【性味】甘;平。【归经】肝;脾经。【功能主治】凉血止血;活血散结。主衄血;尿血;便血;痔血;崩漏;喉痹;症瘕积聚。【摘录】《中华本草》
金爪儿:【别名】红苦藤菜、路边黄、雪公须、爬地黄、小苦藤菜、枪伤药。【来源】药材基源:为报春花科植物金爪儿的全草。【性味】辛;苦;性凉。【归经】心;肝经。【功能主治】理气活血;利尿;拔毒。主小儿盘肠气痛;痈肿疮毒;毒蛇咬伤;跌打创伤。【各家论述】《贵州民间药物》:止血解热,理气活血,拔毒消肿,定惊止搐。【摘录】《中华本草》
肉连环:【别名】马牙七、九子连环草、竹叶石风丹。【来源】药材基源:为兰科植物三棱虾脊兰的根。【性味】味甘;辛;性温。【功能主治】祛风活血;解毒散结。主风湿痹痛;腰肌劳损;跌打损伤;瘰疬;疮毒。【摘录】《中华本草》
捆仙丝:【别名】青龙筋、九龙香、还阳草、藤叶细辛。【来源】药材基源:为萝摩科植物青龙藤的带根全草。【性味】微辛;性温。【归经】肝;肾经。【功能主治】祛风通络;活血止痛。主风寒湿痹;四肢麻木冷痛;牙痛;跌打损伤。【摘录】《中华本草》
苦草:【别名】带脚小草、小节草、韭菜草、面条草、水苗、水鳖苦草。【来源】药材基源:为水鳖科植物苦草的全草。【性味】味苦;性温。【归经】归脾、肝经。【功能主治】燥湿止带;行气活血。主带下色白;产后恶露不尽。【各家论述】《本经逢原》:理气中之血,产后煎服,能逐恶露。【摘录】《中华本草》
所述中药中的各种原料药材的重量份数比可以优选为:小叶柳20~30份、追风伞15~25份、秋海棠根10~20份、月季花30~40份、山蒟15~30份、驱风通25~35份、小接筋草10~20份、胆木5~15份、扁蕾15~25份、白毛藤根20~30份、赤胫散15~30份、黄牛茶10~20份、羊蹄草5~15份、生藤25~35份、黑老虎15~25份、三张叶20~30份、牛奶浆根15~30份、桑耳10~20份、金爪儿5~15份、肉连环15~25份、捆仙丝25~35份和苦草20~30份。
所述中药中的各种原料药材的重量份数比还可以进一步优选为:小叶柳20~25份、追风伞15~20份、秋海棠根10~15份、月季花30~35份、山蒟20~25份、驱风通30~35份、小接筋草15~20份、胆木5~10份、扁蕾15~20份、白毛藤根25~30份、赤胫散20~25份、黄牛茶15~20份、羊蹄草10~15份、生藤30~35份、黑老虎20~25份、三张叶25~30份、牛奶浆根20~25份、桑耳10~15份、金爪儿5~10份、肉连环15~20份、捆仙丝30~35份和苦草20~25份。
所述中药中的各种原料药材的重量份数比也可以进一步优选为:小叶柳21份、追风伞18份、秋海棠根12份、月季花35份、山蒟21份、驱风通34份、小接筋草16份、胆木10份、扁蕾17份、白毛藤根28份、赤胫散22份、黄牛茶18份、羊蹄草12份、生藤35份、黑老虎21份、三张叶29份、牛奶浆根22份、桑耳15份、金爪儿7份、肉连环19份、捆仙丝31份和苦草25份。
当所述中药的剂型为颗粒剂,其包括以下步骤:
步骤一:将所述原料药材按所述比例混合,加相对于混合物5~6倍的醇浓度为80%~95%的乙醇,加热至沸腾回流4~6小时,过滤,以回流液为溶剂,以滤渣为溶质,采用渗漉法以每分钟1~2ml的速度缓缓渗漉,收集渗漉液,随后在真空度0.06~0.08Mpa下减压浓缩至50~60℃时相对密度为1.05~1.10的膏体,喷雾干燥,喷雾干燥机的进风温度160~175℃、出风温度80~85℃,随后粉碎成粉末,制成干膏粉;
步骤二:在获得的干膏粉中加入相对于干膏粉质量0.2~0.4倍的蔗糖粉和0.1~0.2倍的糊精,制成颗粒,于40~50℃干燥,获得颗粒剂。
当所述中药的剂型为贴片剂时,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
第一步,将小叶柳、追风伞、秋海棠根、月季花、山蒟、驱风通、小接筋草和胆木按所述比例混合,用相对于获得的混合物质量的3~5倍的醇浓度85%~95%的乙醇溶解,加热回流2~4小时后提取,过滤,得第一过滤液;将滤渣再次用相对于获得的混合物质量的2~3倍的醇浓度85%~95%的乙醇溶解,加热回流1~2小时后提取,过滤,得第二过滤液;合并第一过滤液和第二过滤液,减压回收乙醇并浓缩至药液浓度为1.2~1.5g生药/mL,经体积为5L的大孔吸附树脂柱洗脱,先用5倍树脂柱体积的去离子水或蒸馏水洗脱,再用3倍树脂柱体积的醇浓度为90%~95%乙醇洗脱,收集乙醇洗脱液,减压浓缩除去乙醇,干燥并粉碎成粉末;
第二步,将三张叶、牛奶浆根、桑耳、金爪儿、肉连环、捆仙丝和苦草按所述比例混合,加相对于获得的混合物质量的4~6倍的醇浓度85%~95%的乙醇加热回流提取1~2次,提取液合并,用管式离心机离心除杂,将除杂后的提取液于60℃~70℃的条件下减压浓缩至60℃时相对密度为1.20~1.23的膏体,将浓缩后的膏体用喷雾干燥器干燥成粉末;
第三步,将剩余原料药材按所述比例混合,加相对于获得的混合物质量的3~6倍的水溶解,加热煎煮2~4小时,过滤;将滤渣再次用相对于获得的混合物质量的2~4倍的水溶解,加热煎煮1~2小时,过滤;合并两次的过滤液,减压浓缩除去水分,干燥并粉碎成粉末;
第四步,将第一步、第二步和第三步获得的粉末混合,加入相对于混合粉末质量的0.8~1.5倍的橡胶、1~1.5倍的松香,混合,制成涂料,进行涂膏,切断,盖衬,切片,即获得所述贴片剂。
以下采用实施例来详细说明本发明的实施方式,借此对本发明如何应用技术手段来解决技术问题,并达成技术效果的实现过程能充分理解并据以实施。
实施例1:本发明制备的颗粒剂
取小叶柳210g、追风伞180g、秋海棠根120g、月季花350g、山蒟210g、驱风通340g、小接筋草160g、胆木100g、扁蕾170g、白毛藤根280g、赤胫散220g、黄牛茶180g、羊蹄草120g、生藤350g、黑老虎210g、三张叶290g、牛奶浆根220g、桑耳150g、金爪儿70g、肉连环190g、捆仙丝310g和苦草250g。
其制备方法包括以下步骤:
步骤一:将所述原料药材按所述比例混合,加相对于混合物5倍的醇浓度为85%的乙醇,加热至沸腾回流5小时,过滤,以回流液为溶剂,以滤渣为溶质,采用渗漉法以每分钟2ml的速度缓缓渗漉,收集渗漉液,随后在真空度0.08Mpa下减压浓缩至55℃时相对密度为1.05的膏体,喷雾干燥,喷雾干燥机的进风温度165℃、出风温度85℃,随后粉碎成粉末,制成干膏粉;
步骤二:在获得的干膏粉中加入相对于干膏粉质量0.3倍的蔗糖粉和0.2倍的糊精,制成颗粒,于45℃干燥,获得颗粒剂。
实施例2:本发明制备的贴片剂
取小叶柳250g、追风伞170g、秋海棠根150g、月季花320g、山蒟250g、驱风通320g、小接筋草190g、胆木70g、扁蕾190g、白毛藤根260g、赤胫散240g、黄牛茶160g、羊蹄草150g、生藤330g、黑老虎250g、三张叶270g、牛奶浆根240g、桑耳120g、金爪儿90g、肉连环160g、捆仙丝350g和苦草230g。
其制备方法包括以下步骤:
第一步,将小叶柳、追风伞、秋海棠根、月季花、山蒟、驱风通、小接筋草和胆木按所述比例混合,用相对于获得的混合物质量的5倍的醇浓度95%的乙醇溶解,加热回流3小时后提取,过滤,得第一过滤液;将滤渣再次用相对于获得的混合物质量的3倍的醇浓度85%的乙醇溶解,加热回流2小时后提取,过滤,得第二过滤液;合并第一过滤液和第二过滤液,减压回收乙醇并浓缩至药液浓度为1.4g生药/mL,经体积为5L的大孔吸附树脂柱洗脱,先用5倍树脂柱体积的去离子水或蒸馏水洗脱,再用3倍树脂柱体积的醇浓度为90%~95%乙醇洗脱,收集乙醇洗脱液,减压浓缩除去乙醇,干燥并粉碎成粉末;
第二步,将三张叶、牛奶浆根、桑耳、金爪儿、肉连环、捆仙丝和苦草按所述比例混合,加相对于获得的混合物质量的5倍的醇浓度90%的乙醇加热回流提取2次,提取液合并,用管式离心机离心除杂,将除杂后的提取液于70℃的条件下减压浓缩至60℃时相对密度为1.23的膏体,将浓缩后的膏体用喷雾干燥器干燥成粉末;
第三步,将剩余原料药材按所述比例混合,加相对于获得的混合物质量的6倍的水溶解,加热煎煮4小时,过滤;将滤渣再次用相对于获得的混合物质量的3倍的水溶解,加热煎煮2小时,过滤;合并两次的过滤液,减压浓缩除去水分,干燥并粉碎成粉末;
第四步,将第一步、第二步和第三步获得的粉末混合,加入相对于混合粉末质量的0.9倍的橡胶、1.2倍的松香,混合,制成涂料,进行涂膏,切断,盖衬,切片,即获得所述贴片剂。
毒性实验:
急性毒性实验:应用小鼠60只,雌雄各半,体重25-35g,进行急性毒性试验。小鼠随机分为两组,即对照组和给药组,实验前禁食12小时,将本发明的实施例1制备的中药颗粒剂溶解在水中,(浓度为8.63g生药/ml,最高浓度)灌胃,灌胃容积为5ml/kg(即单次给药剂量为43.15生药/kg),对照组给予等量生理盐水,一天给药2次,给药间隔时间6小时,给药后连续观察14天,并记录小鼠的的毒性反应及死亡数。实验结果表明:与对照组比较,给药后小鼠未见明显差异,实验连续观察14天,小鼠全身状况、饮食、饮水、体重增长均正常。小鼠口服灌胃本发明的颗粒剂LD50>43.15生药/kg,每日最大给药量为86.3生药/kg/日。本发明的中药临床用药量为8.32g生药/日/人,成人体重以60KG计,平均用药剂量为0.139g生药/kg/日。按体重计:小鼠(平均体重以30g计)口服灌胃本发明的中药的耐受量为临床用量的621倍。因此本发明的中药急性毒性极低,临床用药安全。
长期毒性实验:本发明中药实施例1颗粒剂对三组小鼠(每组20只)按13.25、25.37和42.51g生药/kg连续用药15周(1.0ml/100g体重,每天2次)及停药3周后,结果表明:本发明中药对小鼠的毛发、行为、大小便、体重、脏器重量、血象、肝肾功能、血糖、血脂等指标均无明显影响,脏器肉眼没有发现异样变化和组织学检查结果表明,用药15周及停药3周后,小鼠各脏器均无明显改变。说明本发明中药对小鼠长期用药后毒性小,停药后也没有异样反应,应用安全。
外用药毒性实验:该品依据卫生部《化妆品卫生规范》(2002)第二部分“皮肤刺激性/腐蚀性试验”中6.3节,日本大耳白兔雄性4只,体重2kg~3kg,按照“急性经皮毒性试验”的方法,取本发明实施例2贴片剂第四步中制备得到的涂料0.8g直接涂抹在动物左侧皮肤上(另一侧作为对照),采用封闭试验,敷用时间4小时,试验结束后用温水冲洗残留受试物,于除去受试物后1h、24h、48h和72h分别观察动物受试区和对照区的皮肤反应,最高积分均值为“0”,判断该品对动物皮肤无刺激性。
临床资料:
病例选择:所有102例病例均为本院的静脉全麻麻醉药物所致静脉炎患者,其中男性53例,女性49例。将患者随机分为两组,治疗组与对照组各51例。治疗组51例中,男27例,女24例,年龄25-65岁;Ⅰ级19,Ⅱ级25例,Ⅲ级7例。对照组51例中,男26例,女25例,年龄26-65岁;Ⅰ级19,Ⅱ级26例,Ⅲ级6例。治疗组与对照组在性别、年龄和临床症状上无明显差异(P≤0.01),具有可比性。
诊断标准:采用美国静脉输液护理学会的分级标准:0度:输液部位无红、肿、热、痛及不适感。Ⅰ级:穿刺点局部疼痛,红肿或水肿,静脉无条索状改变,未触及硬结。Ⅱ级:穿刺点局部疼痛,红肿或水肿,静脉有条索状改变,未触及硬结。Ⅲ级:穿刺点局部疼痛,红肿或水肿,静脉有条索状改变,触及硬结。
治疗方法:
对照组:用50%硫酸镁溶液将纱布3-4层打湿后直接敷于患处,保持纱布湿润,每1-2h换药1次,每日3-4次,7天一疗程。
治疗组:将本发明中药实施例1的贴片剂直接覆盖患处,每日1-2次。7天一疗程。
疗效判断标准:临床治愈:局部皮肤红、肿、热、痛症状消失,静脉完全变软,无条索样改变,硬结消失。显效:局部皮肤红、肿、热、痛症状消失,静脉无硬结,条索样红线变软,颜色减退。有效:局部热、痛减轻,红、肿面积消退≥60%,静脉无硬结,条索样红线变软,颜色不减退。无效:病症无改善或改善较小。
治疗结果:两组分别治疗7天后,统计结果参见表1和表2。
表1两组分别治疗7天后临床疗效比较(单位:例)
组别 | 例数 | 临床治愈 | 显效 | 有效 | 无效 | 总有效率 |
治疗组 | 51 | 34 | 10 | 5 | 2 | 49(96.08%) |
对照组 | 51 | 19 | 16 | 7 | 9 | 42(82.35%) |
从表1可以看出,治疗组采用本发明的中药治疗麻醉药物所致静脉炎,相对于对照组,在治疗效果上,具有显著的改进。
表2两组分别治疗7天后治愈人数和时间比较(单位:例)
组别 | 例数 | 用药3天 | 用药5天 | 用药7天 |
治疗组 | 34 | 11(21.57%) | 26(50.98%) | 34(66.67%) |
对照组 | 19 | 5(9.80%) | 12(23.53%) | 19(37.25%) |
从表2可以看出,治疗组采用本发明的中药治疗麻醉药物所致静脉炎,相对于对照组,不仅疗效更好,见效也更快。
不良反应:两组患者治疗过程中均未发现肝肾功能损害或其他不良反应。
具体病例:林某,男,56岁,患者因急性阑尾炎需做阑尾切除手术,给予异丙酚和乙咪酯行全麻诱导及维持麻醉。术后3天,患者感觉皮肤痒痛,隔日且沿血管走行呈条索状红肿、发热,痒痛加重,入院求诊,诊断为麻醉药物所致静脉炎,Ⅱ级。将本发明中药实施例1的贴片剂直接覆盖患处,第一天给药2次,第2天和第3天每日给药1次,治疗3天,局部皮肤红、肿、热、痛症状消失,静脉完全变软,无条索样改变,硬结消失,临床治愈。
所有上述的首要实施这一知识产权,并没有设定限制其他形式的实施这种新产品或新方法。本领域技术人员将利用这一重要信息,上述内容修改,以实现类似的执行情况。但是,所有修改或改造基于本发明新产品属于保留的权利。
以上所述,仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已,并非是对本发明作其它形式的限制,任何熟悉本专业的技术人员可能利用上述揭示的技术内容加以变更或改型为等同变化的等效实施例。但是凡是未脱离本发明技术方案内容,依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与改型,仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围。
Claims (8)
1.一种治疗麻醉药物所致静脉炎的中药,其特征在于,所述中药包括以下原料药材:小叶柳、追风伞、秋海棠根、月季花、山蒟、驱风通、小接筋草、胆木、扁蕾、白毛藤根、赤胫散、黄牛茶、羊蹄草、生藤、黑老虎、三张叶、牛奶浆根、桑耳、金爪儿、肉连环、捆仙丝和苦草。
2.如权利要求1所述的中药,其特征在于,所述原料药材的重量份数比为:小叶柳20~30份、追风伞15~25份、秋海棠根10~20份、月季花30~40份、山蒟15~30份、驱风通25~35份、小接筋草10~20份、胆木5~15份、扁蕾15~25份、白毛藤根20~30份、赤胫散15~30份、黄牛茶10~20份、羊蹄草5~15份、生藤25~35份、黑老虎15~25份、三张叶20~30份、牛奶浆根15~30份、桑耳10~20份、金爪儿5~15份、肉连环15~25份、捆仙丝25~35份和苦草20~30份。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的中药,其特征在于,所述原料药材的重量份数比为:小叶柳20~25份、追风伞15~20份、秋海棠根10~15份、月季花30~35份、山蒟20~25份、驱风通30~35份、小接筋草15~20份、胆木5~10份、扁蕾15~20份、白毛藤根25~30份、赤胫散20~25份、黄牛茶15~20份、羊蹄草10~15份、生藤30~35份、黑老虎20~25份、三张叶25~30份、牛奶浆根20~25份、桑耳10~15份、金爪儿5~10份、肉连环15~20份、捆仙丝30~35份和苦草20~25份。
4.如权利要求1至3所述的中药,其特征在于,所述原料药材的重量份数比为:小叶柳21份、追风伞18份、秋海棠根12份、月季花35份、山蒟21份、驱风通34份、小接筋草16份、胆木10份、扁蕾17份、白毛藤根28份、赤胫散22份、黄牛茶18份、羊蹄草12份、生藤35份、黑老虎21份、三张叶29份、牛奶浆根22份、桑耳15份、金爪儿7份、肉连环19份、捆仙丝31份和苦草25份。
5.如权利要求1至4所述的中药,其特征在于,所述中药的剂型为颗粒剂,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
步骤一:将所述原料药材按所述比例混合,加相对于混合物5~6倍的醇浓度为80%~95%的乙醇,加热至沸腾回流4~6小时,过滤,以回流液为溶剂,以滤渣为溶质,采用渗漉法以每分钟1~2ml的速度缓缓渗漉,收集渗漉液,随后在真空度0.06~0.08Mpa下减压浓缩至50~60℃时相对密度为1.05~1.10的膏体,喷雾干燥,喷雾干燥机的进风温度160~175℃、出风温度80~85℃,随后粉碎成粉末,制成干膏粉;
步骤二:在获得的干膏粉中加入相对于干膏粉质量0.2~0.4倍的蔗糖粉和0.1~0.2倍的糊精,制成颗粒,于40~50℃干燥,获得颗粒剂。
6.如权利要求1至4所述的中药,其特征在于,所述中药的剂型为贴片剂,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
第一步,将小叶柳、追风伞、秋海棠根、月季花、山蒟、驱风通、小接筋草和胆木按所述比例混合,用相对于获得的混合物质量的3~5倍的醇浓度85%~95%的乙醇溶解,加热回流2~4小时后提取,过滤,得第一过滤液;将滤渣再次用相对于获得的混合物质量的2~3倍的醇浓度85%~95%的乙醇溶解,加热回流1~2小时后提取,过滤,得第二过滤液;合并第一过滤液和第二过滤液,减压回收乙醇并浓缩至药液浓度为1.2~1.5g生药/mL,经体积为5L的大孔吸附树脂柱洗脱,先用5倍树脂柱体积的去离子水或蒸馏水洗脱,再用3倍树脂柱体积的醇浓度为90%~95%乙醇洗脱,收集乙醇洗脱液,减压浓缩除去乙醇,干燥并粉碎成粉末;
第二步,将三张叶、牛奶浆根、桑耳、金爪儿、肉连环、捆仙丝和苦草按所述比例混合,加相对于获得的混合物质量的4~6倍的醇浓度85%~95%的乙醇加热回流提取1~2次,提取液合并,用管式离心机离心除杂,将除杂后的提取液于60℃~70℃的条件下减压浓缩至60℃时相对密度为1.20~1.23的膏体,将浓缩后的膏体用喷雾干燥器干燥成粉末;
第三步,将剩余原料药材按所述比例混合,加相对于获得的混合物质量的3~6倍的水溶解,加热煎煮2~4小时,过滤;将滤渣再次用相对于获得的混合物质量的2~4倍的水溶解,加热煎煮1~2小时,过滤;合并两次的过滤液,减压浓缩除去水分,干燥并粉碎成粉末;
第四步,将第一步、第二步和第三步获得的粉末混合,加入相对于混合粉末质量的0.8~1.5倍的橡胶、1~1.5倍的松香,混合,制成涂料,进行涂膏,切断,盖衬,切片,即获得所述贴片剂。
7.一种权利要求1至4所述的中药的制备方法,其特征在于,所述中药的剂型为颗粒剂,其包括以下步骤:
步骤一:将所述原料药材按所述比例混合,加相对于混合物5~6倍的醇浓度为80%~95%的乙醇,加热至沸腾回流4~6小时,过滤,以回流液为溶剂,以滤渣为溶质,采用渗漉法以每分钟1~2ml的速度缓缓渗漉,收集渗漉液,随后在真空度0.06~0.08Mpa下减压浓缩至50~60℃时相对密度为1.05~1.10的膏体,喷雾干燥,喷雾干燥机的进风温度160~175℃、出风温度80~85℃,随后粉碎成粉末,制成干膏粉;
步骤二:在获得的干膏粉中加入相对于干膏粉质量0.2~0.4倍的蔗糖粉和0.1~0.2倍的糊精,制成颗粒,于40~50℃干燥,获得颗粒剂。
8.一种权利要求1至4所述的中药的制备方法,其特征在于,所述中药的剂型为贴片剂,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
第一步,将小叶柳、追风伞、秋海棠根、月季花、山蒟、驱风通、小接筋草和胆木按所述比例混合,用相对于获得的混合物质量的3~5倍的醇浓度85%~95%的乙醇溶解,加热回流2~4小时后提取,过滤,得第一过滤液;将滤渣再次用相对于获得的混合物质量的2~3倍的醇浓度85%~95%的乙醇溶解,加热回流1~2小时后提取,过滤,得第二过滤液;合并第一过滤液和第二过滤液,减压回收乙醇并浓缩至药液浓度为1.2~1.5g生药/mL,经体积为5L的大孔吸附树脂柱洗脱,先用5倍树脂柱体积的去离子水或蒸馏水洗脱,再用3倍树脂柱体积的醇浓度为90%~95%乙醇洗脱,收集乙醇洗脱液,减压浓缩除去乙醇,干燥并粉碎成粉末;
第二步,将三张叶、牛奶浆根、桑耳、金爪儿、肉连环、捆仙丝和苦草按所述比例混合,加相对于获得的混合物质量的4~6倍的醇浓度85%~95%的乙醇加热回流提取1~2次,提取液合并,用管式离心机离心除杂,将除杂后的提取液于60℃~70℃的条件下减压浓缩至60℃时相对密度为1.20~1.23的膏体,将浓缩后的膏体用喷雾干燥器干燥成粉末;
第三步,将剩余原料药材按所述比例混合,加相对于获得的混合物质量的3~6倍的水溶解,加热煎煮2~4小时,过滤;将滤渣再次用相对于获得的混合物质量的2~4倍的水溶解,加热煎煮1~2小时,过滤;合并两次的过滤液,减压浓缩除去水分,干燥并粉碎成粉末;
第四步,将第一步、第二步和第三步获得的粉末混合,加入相对于混合粉末质量的0.8~1.5倍的橡胶、1~1.5倍的松香,混合,制成涂料,进行涂膏,切断,盖衬,切片,即获得所述贴片剂。
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