CN105532740B - 一种防治松树立枯病的生物农药组合物及应用 - Google Patents

一种防治松树立枯病的生物农药组合物及应用 Download PDF

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CN105532740B
CN105532740B CN201510996596.XA CN201510996596A CN105532740B CN 105532740 B CN105532740 B CN 105532740B CN 201510996596 A CN201510996596 A CN 201510996596A CN 105532740 B CN105532740 B CN 105532740B
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种防治松树立枯病的生物农药组合物及应用，根据松树立枯病的病原特征和发病规律，在播种前的土壤处理、播种时的苗床处理以及病苗治理三个阶段分别设计了相应的生物农药进行防治，不仅从源头上首先进行杜绝和防范，亦提出了病害发生后的药液防治手段，多方面全方位的对立枯病进行防治，有效降低了种子坏死、缺苗、病苗、倒伏苗发生概率，减少了病害损失，提高了幼苗的存活率以及成树质量，此外生物农药安全性高，环境兼容性好，发展前景广阔。

Description

一种防治松树立枯病的生物农药组合物及应用
技术领域
本发明涉及树木的病虫害防治领域，尤其是涉及一种防治松树立枯病的生物农药组合物及应用。
背景技术
松树，世界上松树种类将近八十余种，不仅种类多，而且分布广，如分布于华北、西北几省区的油松、樟子松、黑松和赤松，华中几省的马尾松、黄山松、高山松，秦巴山区的巴山松，以及台湾松和北美短叶松，多数是我国荒山造林的主要树种。
松树的立枯病主要危害1年生以下的幼苗，尤其是再苗木出土至木质化前这一阶段最容易染病，且病原菌为土壤习居菌，具有很强的腐生性，可在土壤中存货2-3年，并借雨水、灌溉水进行船舶，具体表现为种子和幼芽染病在土中腐烂坏死，地面表现缺苗、出土幼苗染病腐烂倒伏、木质化后苗茎染病根部腐烂、病苗干枯等症状；严重影响松树的成活率且破坏土壤质量。
目前专门针对其的生物农药的研究较少。
发明内容
发明目的：为了解决现有技术中所存在的松树立枯病危害大无有效应对措施的问题的一种有效降低种子坏死、缺苗、病苗、倒伏苗发生概率的防治松树立枯病的生物农药组合物及应用。
技术方案：为达以上目的，本发明采取以下技术方案：一种防治松树立枯病的生物农药组合物及应用，在不同的栽种阶段配方与施用方法不同：
(a)用于播种前的土壤处理：生物农药a以质量计包括植物杀菌剂a10-20份、木烟碱5-8份、微生物产物杀菌剂a10-15份；播种前一个月进行种植地的翻整，翻整的同时对土壤进行消毒处理，用土壤注射器注入上述配方的生物农药后，于土壤表面覆盖一层薄膜，覆盖处理24-36h后揭开，生物农药a使用量为2L/m2；解开后重新翻整一遍；若在48h内有降雨，重复上述操作，生物农药a的使用量减半；
(b)用于播种时的苗床处理：生物农药b以质量计包括植物杀菌剂b15-25份、茶皂素1-4份、烯腺嘌呤3-6份、微生物产物杀菌剂b5-12份；与细潮土混合均匀配制成药土，生物农药b与细潮土的混合比例为1:20；播种时将药土铺在苗床上一层，播种完再覆盖一层药土，最后撒上一层翻耕的原处土壤；
(c)用于病苗的治理：生物农药c以质量计包括植物杀菌剂c20-30份、芽孢杆菌菌属2-4份、油籽油3-5份、百部碱3-6份、微生物产物杀菌剂c10-15份；发现病苗时，及时拔除，并用生物农药c进行喷雾，喷雾量为10-20L/亩，控制病害的蔓延。
更为优选的，所述植物杀菌剂a为苦参碱1000-1500倍液与银果300-600倍可湿性粉剂质量比为3:1的混合物。
更为优选的，所述微生物产物杀菌剂a为5.5％灭粉霉素200-300倍液与土霉素15％-20％可湿性粉剂质量比为3:2的混合物。
更为优选的，所述植物杀菌剂b为0.28％黄岑苷水剂200-400倍液与银果300-600倍可湿性粉剂质量比为2:1的混合物。
更为优选的，所述微生物产物杀菌剂b为88％枯必治1000-1500倍液。
更为优选的，所述植物杀菌剂c为黄连素800-900倍液。
更为优选的，所述微生物产物杀菌剂c为土霉素15％-20％可湿性粉剂与88％枯必治1000-1500倍液质量比为3:1的混合物。
更为优选的，所述芽孢杆菌菌属为乳状芽孢杆菌或球形芽孢杆菌。
有益效果：本发明提供的一种防治松树立枯病的生物农药组合物及应用，根据松树立枯病的病原特征和发病规律，在播种前的土壤处理、播种时的苗床处理以及病苗治理三个阶段分别设计了相应的生物农药进行防治，不仅从源头上首先进行杜绝和防范，亦提出了病害发生后的药液防治手段，多方面全方位的对立枯病进行防治，有效降低了种子坏死、缺苗、病苗、倒伏苗发生概率，减少了病害损失，提高了幼苗的存活率以及成树质量，此外生物农药安全性高，环境兼容性好，发展前景广阔。
具体实施方式
实施例1：
一种防治松树立枯病的生物农药组合物及应用，在不同的栽种阶段配方与施用方法不同：
(a)用于播种前的土壤处理：生物农药a以质量计包括植物杀菌剂a10份、木烟碱5份、微生物产物杀菌剂a10份；播种前一个月进行种植地的翻整，翻整的同时对土壤进行消毒处理，用土壤注射器注入上述配方的生物农药后，于土壤表面覆盖一层薄膜，覆盖处理24h后揭开，生物农药a使用量为2L/m2；解开后重新翻整一遍；若在48h内有降雨，重复上述操作，生物农药a的使用量减半；
(b)用于播种时的苗床处理：生物农药b以质量计包括植物杀菌剂b15份、茶皂素1份、烯腺嘌呤3份、微生物产物杀菌剂b5份；与细潮土混合均匀配制成药土，生物农药b与细潮土的混合比例为1:20；播种时将药土铺在苗床上一层，播种完再覆盖一层药土，最后撒上一层翻耕的原处土壤；
(c)用于病苗的治理：生物农药c以质量计包括植物杀菌剂c20份、芽孢杆菌菌属2份、油籽油3份、百部碱3份、微生物产物杀菌剂c10份；发现病苗时，及时拔除，并用生物农药c进行喷雾，喷雾量为10L/亩，控制病害的蔓延。
其中，所述植物杀菌剂a为苦参碱1000-1500倍液与银果300-600倍可湿性粉剂质量比为3:1的混合物；微生物产物杀菌剂a为5.5％灭粉霉素200-300倍液与土霉素15％-20％可湿性粉剂质量比为3:2的混合物；植物杀菌剂b为0.28％黄岑苷水剂200-400倍液与银果300-600倍可湿性粉剂质量比为2:1的混合物；微生物产物杀菌剂b为88％枯必治1000-1500倍液；植物杀菌剂c为黄连素800-900倍液；所述微生物产物杀菌剂c为土霉素15％-20％可湿性粉剂与88％枯必治1000-1500倍液质量比为3:1的混合物；芽孢杆菌菌属为乳状芽孢杆菌或球形芽孢杆菌。
实施例2：
一种防治松树立枯病的生物农药组合物及应用，在不同的栽种阶段配方与施用方法不同：
(a)用于播种前的土壤处理：生物农药a以质量计包括植物杀菌剂a20份、木烟碱8份、微生物产物杀菌剂a15份；播种前一个月进行种植地的翻整，翻整的同时对土壤进行消毒处理，用土壤注射器注入上述配方的生物农药后，于土壤表面覆盖一层薄膜，覆盖处理36h后揭开，生物农药a使用量为2L/m2；解开后重新翻整一遍；若在48h内有降雨，重复上述操作，生物农药a的使用量减半；
(b)用于播种时的苗床处理：生物农药b以质量计包括植物杀菌剂b25份、茶皂素4份、烯腺嘌呤6份、微生物产物杀菌剂b12份；与细潮土混合均匀配制成药土，生物农药b与细潮土的混合比例为1:20；播种时将药土铺在苗床上一层，播种完再覆盖一层药土，最后撒上一层翻耕的原处土壤；
(c)用于病苗的治理：生物农药c以质量计包括植物杀菌剂c30份、芽孢杆菌菌属4份、油籽油5份、百部碱6份、微生物产物杀菌剂c15份；发现病苗时，及时拔除，并用生物农药c进行喷雾，喷雾量为20L/亩，控制病害的蔓延。
其中，所述植物杀菌剂a为苦参碱1000-1500倍液与银果300-600倍可湿性粉剂质量比为3:1的混合物；微生物产物杀菌剂a为5.5％灭粉霉素200-300倍液与土霉素15％-20％可湿性粉剂质量比为3:2的混合物；植物杀菌剂b为0.28％黄岑苷水剂200-400倍液与银果300-600倍可湿性粉剂质量比为2:1的混合物；微生物产物杀菌剂b为88％枯必治1000-1500倍液；植物杀菌剂c为黄连素800-900倍液；所述微生物产物杀菌剂c为土霉素15％-20％可湿性粉剂与88％枯必治1000-1500倍液质量比为3:1的混合物；芽孢杆菌菌属为乳状芽孢杆菌或球形芽孢杆菌。
实施例3：
一种防治松树立枯病的生物农药组合物及应用，在不同的栽种阶段配方与施用方法不同：
(a)用于播种前的土壤处理：生物农药a以质量计包括植物杀菌剂a15份、木烟碱6份、微生物产物杀菌剂a13份；播种前一个月进行种植地的翻整，翻整的同时对土壤进行消毒处理，用土壤注射器注入上述配方的生物农药后，于土壤表面覆盖一层薄膜，覆盖处理30h后揭开，生物农药a使用量为2L/m2；解开后重新翻整一遍；若在48h内有降雨，重复上述操作，生物农药a的使用量减半；
(b)用于播种时的苗床处理：生物农药b以质量计包括植物杀菌剂b20份、茶皂素3份、烯腺嘌呤5份、微生物产物杀菌剂b8份；与细潮土混合均匀配制成药土，生物农药b与细潮土的混合比例为1:20；播种时将药土铺在苗床上一层，播种完再覆盖一层药土，最后撒上一层翻耕的原处土壤；
(c)用于病苗的治理：生物农药c以质量计包括植物杀菌剂c25份、芽孢杆菌菌属3份、油籽油4份、百部碱5份、微生物产物杀菌剂c13份；发现病苗时，及时拔除，并用生物农药c进行喷雾，喷雾量为15L/亩，控制病害的蔓延。
其中，所述植物杀菌剂a为苦参碱1000-1500倍液与银果300-600倍可湿性粉剂质量比为3:1的混合物；微生物产物杀菌剂a为5.5％灭粉霉素200-300倍液与土霉素15％-20％可湿性粉剂质量比为3:2的混合物；植物杀菌剂b为0.28％黄岑苷水剂200-400倍液与银果300-600倍可湿性粉剂质量比为2:1的混合物；微生物产物杀菌剂b为88％枯必治1000-1500倍液；植物杀菌剂c为黄连素800-900倍液；所述微生物产物杀菌剂c为土霉素15％-20％可湿性粉剂与88％枯必治1000-1500倍液质量比为3:1的混合物；芽孢杆菌菌属为乳状芽孢杆菌或球形芽孢杆菌。
将上采用述实施例1-3的生物农药配方制备的生物农药，以及其应用方法应用到山东省青岛市某松树试验基地，并设置采用传统农药及防治方法的对照组，经过2年的试验，具体结果如下表所示：
种子坏死率 缺苗 病苗倒伏 幼苗存活率
实施例1 2％ 3％ 1％ 98.5％
实施例2 3％ 3％ 2％ 98.8％
实施例3 2％ 3％ 2％ 97.5％
对照组 15％ 18％ 12％ 78.5％
从上述实施例的试验结果可看出，本发明提供的一种防治松树立枯病的生物农药组合物及应用，明显优于传统农药，不仅从源头上首先进行杜绝和防范，亦提出了病害发生后的药液防治手段，多方面全方位的对立枯病进行防治，有效降低了种子坏死、缺苗、病苗、倒伏苗发生概率，减少了病害损失，提高了幼苗的存活率以及成树质量，此外生物农药安全性高，环境兼容性好，发展前景广阔。
应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以作出若干改进，这些改进也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (1)

1.一种防治松树立枯病的生物农药组合物的应用，其特征在于在不同的栽种阶段配方与施用方法不同：
（a）用于播种前的土壤处理：生物农药a以质量计包括植物杀菌剂a 10-20份、木烟碱5-8份、微生物产物杀菌剂a 10-15份；播种前一个月进行种植地的翻整，翻整的同时对土壤进行消毒处理，用土壤注射器注入上述配方的生物农药后，于土壤表面覆盖一层薄膜，覆盖处理24-36h后揭开，生物农药a使用量为2L/m2；解开后重新翻整一遍；若在48h内有降雨，重复上述操作，生物农药a的使用量减半；
（b）用于播种时的苗床处理：生物农药b以质量计包括植物杀菌剂b 15-25份、茶皂素1-4份、烯腺嘌呤3-6份、微生物产物杀菌剂b 5-12份；与细潮土混合均匀配制成药土，生物农药b与细潮土的混合比例为1:20；播种时将药土铺在苗床上一层，播种完再覆盖一层药土，最后撒上一层翻耕的原处土壤；
（c）用于病苗的治理：生物农药c以质量计包括植物杀菌剂c 20-30份、芽孢杆菌菌属2-4份、油籽油3-5份、百部碱3-6份、微生物产物杀菌剂c 10-15份；发现病苗时，及时拔除，并用生物农药c进行喷雾，喷雾量为10-20L/亩，控制病害的蔓延；
其中所述植物杀菌剂a为苦参碱1000-1500倍液与银果300-600倍可湿性粉剂质量比为3:1的混合物；所述微生物产物杀菌剂a为5.5%灭粉霉素200-300倍液与土霉素15%-20%可湿性粉剂质量比为3:2的混合物；所述植物杀菌剂b为0.28%黄岑苷水剂200-400倍液与银果300-600倍可湿性粉剂质量比为2:1的混合物；所述微生物产物杀菌剂b为88%枯必治1000-1500倍液；所述植物杀菌剂c为黄连素800-900倍液；所述微生物产物杀菌剂c为土霉素15%-20%可湿性粉剂与88%枯必治1000-1500倍液质量比为3:1的混合物；所述芽孢杆菌菌属为乳状芽孢杆菌或球形芽孢杆菌。
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