CN105532368A - Shallow shaft side infiltrating irrigation water saving irrigation method - Google Patents
Shallow shaft side infiltrating irrigation water saving irrigation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105532368A CN105532368A CN201510914171.XA CN201510914171A CN105532368A CN 105532368 A CN105532368 A CN 105532368A CN 201510914171 A CN201510914171 A CN 201510914171A CN 105532368 A CN105532368 A CN 105532368A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
Abstract
The invention discloses a shallow shaft side infiltrating irrigation water saving irrigation method. Compared with the prior art, the method is high in technical content, low in work amount, low in facility cost, and small in floor space of a main facility, and ground operation is not influenced. Equipment is not needed to move in a production process, and manpower and energy are saved. No pipeline exists underground, and ploughing and turning up soil are not influenced. A self-flowing method is used, and almost not power is needed in an irrigation process. Water is irrigated from the lower part of a plough layer, irrigated water does not infiltrate through a soil surface, so surface soil continuous permeability is maintained, and breath of roots of plants is not interrupted, and development of the plants is not inhibited. The method would not make nutrition be washed away. The surface of soil keeps a dried state all along, and the soil layer is loose, air and optothermal are sufficient, biochemical action is active, and large amount of nutrient contents and carbon dioxide are generated, so plant growth is flourishing. The method keeps the surface of the soil layer dry and loose, and stops underground water evaporation, so water saving effect is more obvious. The method is worthy of popularizing and using.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of agricultural irrigation enforcement technology, particularly relate to a kind of shallow well side infiltrating irrigation water-saving irrigation method.
Background technology
In vast hinterland, due to drought, the development of plant husbandry be unable to do without irrigates.For these years, owing to being used irrational filling field modes such as broad irrigation, waste water resource on the one hand, make the continuous lifting of subterranean water level on the other hand, make large area soil generation Secondary Saline.People progressively introduced the water-saving irrigation technique such as slight irrigation under sprinkling irrigation, drip irrigation, film afterwards, had both saved water resource, and had also reduced the lifting of subterranean water level.But these irrigation techniques exist facility cost high, take up room large, affect farm work, increase the series of problems such as plantation labour intensity, peasant is reluctant acceptance, and utilization and extention process is slow.For this situation, recognize further, to improve under sprinkling irrigation that current people generally utilize, drip irrigation, film the water-saving irrigation techniques such as slight irrigation can only from raising water-saving rate, reduce the aspects such as equipment cost and make progress, but cannot be eliminated it take up room greatly, affect farm work, increase the amount of labour, increase the drawbacks such as energy consumption.And these drawbacks it is difficult to the major obstacle of utilization and extention just.If can find a kind of mode, can economize on water, facility cost is low again, does not affect farm work again, does not increase labour intensity, and like this, vast farmers is just ready to accept.From then on, explore peasant and be ready that the water-saving irrigation method accepted becomes the main direction of our seminar.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention is just to provide a kind of shallow well side infiltrating irrigation water-saving irrigation method to solve the problem.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions above-mentioned purpose:
The present invention includes following steps:
(1) depth location implementing ground phreatic surface is determined: specifically have following 3 kinds of methods:
1. conventional hydrological engineering method: select there is certain representational location excavation exploratory trench to phreatic surface position, actual measurement goes out phreatic surface depth location;
2. the resistivity sounding in geophysical method: analyze electrical sounding curve, downward by earth's surface, resistivity value occurs that the position of the mutational site obviously reduced is phreatic surface position;
3. the shallow earthquake method in geophysical method: analytically seismic wave propagation feature, downward by earth's surface, be phreatic surface position in shear wave velocity reduction place suddenly;
(2) find out and implement ground shallow stratum structure, determine phreatic surface with the particular location of overlying strata pervious bed and water barrier: have following 2 kinds of concrete grammars:
I common hydrology engineering method: consult the borehole data implementing ground or neighbouring area, as determining the important references data implementing ground pervious bed and water barrier particular location; Select representative location to excavate exploratory trench to phreatic surface position, directly measure phreatic surface with the particular location of pervious bed in overlying strata and water barrier;
Induced polarization method in II geophysical method and resistivity sounding: by induced polarization method and resistivity sounding with the use of, comparatively accurately can determine the layer position of pervious bed and water barrier, namely hypopolarization rate and low-resistivity layer position are water barrier, and high polarization and high resistivity layer position are pervious bed;
(3) particular location executing ground shallow stratum structure, phreatic surface, pervious bed and water barrier factually determines the degree of depth of " shallow well ", density, individual well form and scale, and concrete grammar is as follows:
The determination of the A shallow well degree of depth: the bottom position of shallow well is determined depending on the degree of depth and relative position implementing district's phreatic surface, water barrier and pervious bed, point following 2 kinds of situations:
The first situation: phreatic surface Mai Shen≤2.2m
In such cases, on phreatic surface, water barrier must be had, when water barrier is near surface position, namely near the position of plow layer, during position namely under tillage pan, the degree of depth of shallow well should equal the degree of depth of tillage pan, and namely the bottom of shallow well and tillage pan are in same plane position; When water barrier is positioned at darker position, when it having pervious bed, if when the thickness of pervious bed is less than 1.3m, the degree of depth of shallow well should depending on the thickness of pervious bed, and the thickness that namely degree of depth of shallow well should be pervious bed adds the thickness of plow layer; When the thickness of pervious bed is greater than 1.3m and is less than 2.0m, namely water barrier top board buried depth is when 1.5m to 2.2m, and the degree of depth of shallow well is defined as 1.5m without exception;
The second situation: phreatic surface (E) buried depth > 2.2m
When phreatic surface buried depth is greater than 2.2m, there will be again two kinds of situations, on phreatic surface, namely there is water barrier and there is not the situation of water barrier:
A () is when there being water barrier to exist, and its top board buried depth is between 0.2 to 2.2m time, and the defining method of the shallow well degree of depth is identical with the first situation; When its top board buried depth is between 2.2m to 2.5m, the shallow well degree of depth is also defined as 1.5m without exception; As its top board buried depth >2.5m, after specially treated should be done, shallow well is set again, because " specially treated " is in such cases invested high, with high content of technology, therefore does not comprise this type of situation in the present invention;
B (), when existing without water barrier, arranges shallow well after also should doing specially treated again.Also there is the high and with high content of technology problem of cost in this kind of situation, does not thus also comprise this type of situation in the present invention;
The determination of B shallow well density: the density of shallow well is determined primarily of the water penetration on stratum, and the shallow well density being arranged in the good stratum of water penetration is less, the shallow well density being arranged in the poor stratum of water penetration is comparatively large, ordinary circumstance, and on average every mu of ground arranges 2 mouthfuls of shallow wells;
The individual well form of C shallow well and scale: shallow well adopts " Circular Shaft " form, scale is traditionally arranged to be internal diameter 1.5 to 2m, and borehole wall height is generally 1.5-2.5m, and the degree of depth of its under ground portion is consistent with the determined degree of depth of preceding method, and all the other are acrial part;
(4) adjustment of shallow well seepage velocity: can determine according to the humidity of the following soil layer of earth's surface 3cm, can hold with hand agglomerating and can break into pieces and be advisable, regulates seepage velocity especially by regulating the water surface elevation of shallow well.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
The present invention is a kind of shallow well side infiltrating irrigation water-saving irrigation method, and compared with prior art, tool of the present invention has the following advantages:
(1) compared with traditional water-saving irrigation method, the content that possesses skills is high, quantities is little, facility cost low (being 1/4 to 1/5 of common equipment of sprinkler irrigation cost);
(2) key facility floor space is little, does not affect Ground Operation, need not mobile device in process of production, can save manpower and the energy; Underground, without pipeline, does not affect cultivated land and ploughs;
(3) main body facility is embedded in underground, not by the destruction of the External Force Acting such as sunlight, wind and rain, durable in use, than the long service life 3 to 4 times of common equipment of sprinkler irrigation;
(4) traditional sprinkling irrigation, drip irrigation technique, source of water supply needs certain pressure, needs to consume the energy.And the present invention adopts gravity flow mode owing to pouring water, needing power in irrigation process hardly, is a kind of typical energy-saving and emission-reduction project;
(5) pour water from plow layer bottom, pour water and to ooze without under earth's surface, maintain the continuous permeability of topsoil, be not interrupted the breathing of crop root, do not make Crop development be obstructed;
(6) traditional irrigation method is poured water and to be oozed from earth's surface, pours water to dissolve nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrient components in soil horizon and together permeate the ground, and makes nutritive loss serious.The method is oozed without under soil table, but upwards returns and ooze, and can not make nutrition leak;
(7) traditional irrigation method, water, in infitration process, can make the space between soil granular reduce, make soil compaction, decrease the air in soil, moisture and nutrient component, soil fertility is declined.And the present invention's soil table remains drying regime, soil horizon loosens, and air, photo-thermal are sufficient, and biological chemistry action enlivens, and can produce a large amount of nutrient component and carbonic acid gas, make plant growth luxuriant;
(8) soil horizon dry tack free can be kept to loosen, and groundwater evaporation capable of blocking, makes water-saving result more remarkable.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the vertical cut-away schematic view of the invention process ground stratum phreatic surface Mai Shen≤2.2m;
Fig. 2 is the vertical cut-away schematic view of the invention process ground stratum phreatic surface buried depth > 2.2m.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described:
The present invention includes following steps:
(1) depth location implementing ground phreatic surface is determined: specifically have following 3 kinds of methods:
1. conventional hydrological engineering method: select there is certain representational location excavation exploratory trench to phreatic surface position, actual measurement goes out phreatic surface depth location;
2. the resistivity sounding in geophysical method: the method have efficient, convenient, do not destroy the advantages such as ground surface environment, concrete defining method is: analyze electrical sounding curve, downward by earth's surface, resistivity value occurs that the position of the mutational site obviously reduced is phreatic surface position;
3. the shallow earthquake method in geophysical method: the method also have efficient, convenient, do not destroy ground surface environment, accuracy advantages of higher, concrete defining method is, analytically seismic wave propagation feature, downward by earth's surface, be phreatic surface position in shear wave velocity reduction place suddenly;
(2) find out and implement ground shallow stratum structure, determine phreatic surface with the particular location of overlying strata pervious bed and water barrier: have following 2 kinds of concrete grammars:
I common hydrology engineering method: consult the borehole data implementing ground or neighbouring area, as determining the important references data implementing ground pervious bed and water barrier particular location; Select representative location to excavate exploratory trench to phreatic surface position, directly measure phreatic surface with the particular location of pervious bed in overlying strata and water barrier;
Induced polarization method in II geophysical method and resistivity sounding: the method also has does not destroy ground surface environment, efficient, convenient, accuracy advantages of higher, by induced polarization method and resistivity sounding with the use of, comparatively accurately can determine the layer position of pervious bed and water barrier, namely hypopolarization rate and low-resistivity layer position are water barrier, and high polarization and high resistivity layer position are pervious bed;
(3) particular location executing ground shallow stratum structure, phreatic surface, pervious bed and water barrier factually determines the degree of depth of " shallow well ", density, individual well form and scale, and concrete grammar is as follows:
The determination of the A shallow well degree of depth: the bottom position of shallow well is determined depending on the degree of depth and relative position implementing district's phreatic surface, water barrier and pervious bed, point following 2 kinds of situations:
The first situation: phreatic surface Mai Shen≤2.2m (as shown in Figure 1).
In such cases, water barrier (if do not have water barrier, there is not Arid Problem, do not need to irrigate) on phreatic surface, must be had.When water barrier is near surface position, namely the position of close plow layer is (because plow layer porosity is large, generally all regard pervious bed as), during position namely under tillage pan, the degree of depth of shallow well should equal the degree of depth of tillage pan, and namely the bottom of shallow well and tillage pan are at same plane position the depth location of 0.2m (in as the Fig. 1); When water barrier is positioned at darker position, when it having pervious bed, if when the thickness of pervious bed is less than 1.3m, the degree of depth of shallow well should depending on the thickness of pervious bed, namely the thickness that the degree of depth of shallow well should be pervious bed add plow layer thickness (as in Fig. 1,1.1m adds 0.2m, i.e. the depth location of 1.3m.This degree of depth is also the buried depth of water barrier top board); When the thickness of pervious bed is greater than 1.3m and is less than 2.0m, namely water barrier top board buried depth is when 1.5m to 2.2m, and the degree of depth of shallow well is defined as 1.5m (depth location of 1.5m as shown in Figure 1) without exception;
The second situation: phreatic surface (E) buried depth > 2.2m (as shown in Figure 2).
When phreatic surface buried depth is greater than 2.2m, there will be again two kinds of situations, on phreatic surface, namely there is water barrier and there is not the situation of water barrier:
A () is when there being water barrier to exist, and its top board buried depth is between 0.2 to 2.2m time, and the defining method of the shallow well degree of depth is identical with the first situation; When its top board buried depth is between 2.2m to 2.5m, the shallow well degree of depth is also defined as 1.5m (depth location as the 1.5m in Fig. 2) without exception; As its top board buried depth >2.5m, after specially treated should be done, shallow well is set again.Because " specially treated " is in such cases invested high, with high content of technology, therefore do not comprise this type of situation in the present invention;
B (), when existing without water barrier, arranges shallow well after also should doing specially treated again.Also there is the high and with high content of technology problem of cost in this kind of situation, does not thus also comprise this type of situation in the present invention;
The determination of B shallow well density: the density of shallow well is determined primarily of the water penetration on stratum, and the shallow well density being arranged in the good stratum of water penetration is less, the shallow well density being arranged in the poor stratum of water penetration is comparatively large, ordinary circumstance, and on average every mu of ground arranges 2 mouthfuls of shallow wells;
The individual well form of C shallow well and scale: shallow well adopts " Circular Shaft " form, scale is traditionally arranged to be internal diameter 1.5 to 2m, and borehole wall height is generally 1.5-2.5m, and the degree of depth of its under ground portion is consistent with the determined degree of depth of preceding method, and all the other are acrial part;
(4) adjustment of shallow well seepage velocity: can determine according to the humidity of the following soil layer of earth's surface 3cm, can hold with hand agglomerating and can break into pieces and be advisable, regulates seepage velocity especially by regulating the water surface elevation of shallow well.
As shown in Figure 1: occur A, B, C, D, E5 layer position in figure altogether, wherein A layer is plow layer, and thickness is 0.2m; B layer is pervious bed, and thickness is 1.1m; C layer is water barrier, and thickness is 0.5m, and its top board buried depth is 1.3m; D layer is the 2nd pervious bed, and thickness is 0.3m; E represents phreatic surface, and just a plane, does not have thickness.In figure, the buried depth of E (phreatic surface) is 2.1m, is namely less than 2.2m, the 1st kind of situation belonging to belonging to above.
As shown in Figure 2: occur A, B, C, D, E5 layer position in figure altogether, wherein A layer is plow layer, and thickness is 0.2m; B layer is pervious bed, and thickness is 1.2m; C layer is water barrier, and thickness is 0.7m, and its top board buried depth is 1.4m; D layer is the 2nd pervious bed, and thickness is 0.8m; E represents phreatic surface, and just a plane, does not have thickness.In figure, the buried depth of E (phreatic surface) is 2.9m, is namely greater than 2.2m, the 2nd kind of situation belonging to belonging to above.
More than show and describe general principle of the present invention and principal character and advantage of the present invention.The technical staff of the industry should understand; the present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments; what describe in above-described embodiment and specification just illustrates principle of the present invention; without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; the present invention also has various changes and modifications, and these changes and improvements all fall in the claimed scope of the invention.Application claims protection domain is defined by appending claims and equivalent thereof.
Claims (1)
1. a shallow well side infiltrating irrigation water-saving irrigation method, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) depth location implementing ground phreatic surface is determined: specifically have following 3 kinds of methods:
1. conventional hydrological engineering method: select there is certain representational location excavation exploratory trench to phreatic surface position, actual measurement goes out phreatic surface depth location;
2. the resistivity sounding in geophysical method: analyze electrical sounding curve, downward by earth's surface, resistivity value occurs that the position of the mutational site obviously reduced is phreatic surface position;
3. the shallow earthquake method in geophysical method: analytically seismic wave propagation feature, downward by earth's surface, be phreatic surface position in shear wave velocity reduction place suddenly;
(2) find out and implement ground shallow stratum structure, determine phreatic surface with the particular location of overlying strata pervious bed and water barrier: have following 2 kinds of concrete grammars:
I common hydrology engineering method: consult the borehole data implementing ground or neighbouring area, as determining the important references data implementing ground pervious bed and water barrier particular location; Select representative location to excavate exploratory trench to phreatic surface position, directly measure phreatic surface with the particular location of pervious bed in overlying strata and water barrier;
Induced polarization method in II geophysical method and resistivity sounding: by induced polarization method and resistivity sounding with the use of, comparatively accurately can determine the layer position of pervious bed and water barrier, namely hypopolarization rate and low-resistivity layer position are water barrier, and high polarization and high resistivity layer position are pervious bed;
(3) particular location executing ground shallow stratum structure, phreatic surface, pervious bed and water barrier factually determines the degree of depth of " shallow well ", density, individual well form and scale, and concrete grammar is as follows:
The determination of the A shallow well degree of depth: the bottom position of shallow well is determined depending on the degree of depth and relative position implementing district's phreatic surface, water barrier and pervious bed, point following 2 kinds of situations:
The first situation: phreatic surface Mai Shen≤2.2m
In such cases, on phreatic surface, water barrier must be had, when water barrier is near surface position, namely near the position of plow layer, during position namely under tillage pan, the degree of depth of shallow well should equal the degree of depth of tillage pan, and namely the bottom of shallow well and tillage pan are in same plane position; When water barrier is positioned at darker position, when it having pervious bed, if when the thickness of pervious bed is less than 1.3m, the degree of depth of shallow well should depending on the thickness of pervious bed, and the thickness that namely degree of depth of shallow well should be pervious bed adds the thickness of plow layer; When the thickness of pervious bed is greater than 1.3m and is less than 2.0m, namely water barrier top board buried depth is when 1.5m to 2.2m, and the degree of depth of shallow well is defined as 1.5m without exception;
The second situation: phreatic surface (E) buried depth > 2.2m
When phreatic surface buried depth is greater than 2.2m, there will be again two kinds of situations, on phreatic surface, namely there is water barrier and there is not the situation of water barrier:
A () is when there being water barrier to exist, and its top board buried depth is between 0.2 to 2.2m time, and the defining method of the shallow well degree of depth is identical with the first situation; When its top board buried depth is between 2.2m to 2.5m, the shallow well degree of depth is also defined as 1.5m without exception; As its top board buried depth >2.5m, after specially treated should be done, shallow well is set again, because " specially treated " is in such cases invested high, with high content of technology, therefore does not comprise this type of situation in the present invention;
B (), when existing without water barrier, arranges shallow well after also should doing specially treated again.Also there is the high and with high content of technology problem of cost in this kind of situation, does not thus also comprise this type of situation in the present invention;
The determination of B shallow well density: the density of shallow well is determined primarily of the water penetration on stratum, and the shallow well density being arranged in the good stratum of water penetration is less, the shallow well density being arranged in the poor stratum of water penetration is comparatively large, ordinary circumstance, and on average every mu of ground arranges 2 mouthfuls of shallow wells;
The individual well form of C shallow well and scale: shallow well adopts " Circular Shaft " form, scale is traditionally arranged to be internal diameter 1.5 to 2m, and borehole wall height is generally 1.5-2.5m, and the degree of depth of its under ground portion is consistent with the determined degree of depth of preceding method, and all the other are acrial part;
(4) adjustment of shallow well seepage velocity: can determine according to the humidity of the following soil layer of earth's surface 3cm, can hold with hand agglomerating and can break into pieces and be advisable, regulates seepage velocity especially by regulating the water surface elevation of shallow well.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111077583A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-04-28 | 山东科技大学 | Structure activation double-parameter monitoring system and monitoring method |
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| RU2012198C1 (en) * | 1991-07-08 | 1994-05-15 | Иван Пантелеевич Кружилин | Dual control irrigation system |
| RU2010103994A (en) * | 2007-07-06 | 2011-08-20 | Габор Иштван ШИМОНЧИЧ (HU) | METHOD FOR INCREASING EFFICIENCY OF WELLS AND, IN PARTICULAR, EQUIPMENT FOR TREATING SOIL AND GROUND WATER |
| CN102288144A (en) * | 2011-05-11 | 2011-12-21 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Quantitative method for determining average thickness of water-bearing bed |
| CN102792873A (en) * | 2012-08-30 | 2012-11-28 | 新疆林业科学院 | Forest well type water-saving irrigation method |
| CN104041379A (en) * | 2014-06-06 | 2014-09-17 | 新疆林业科学院 | Drought and extreme drought region sand land 7.5cm-10.5cm ground diameter red date tree well type irrigation method |
| CN203968850U (en) * | 2014-06-11 | 2014-12-03 | 江南园林有限公司 | The water circulation coupling system of water scenery and treegarden irrigation |
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2015
- 2015-12-11 CN CN201510914171.XA patent/CN105532368B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2012198C1 (en) * | 1991-07-08 | 1994-05-15 | Иван Пантелеевич Кружилин | Dual control irrigation system |
| RU2010103994A (en) * | 2007-07-06 | 2011-08-20 | Габор Иштван ШИМОНЧИЧ (HU) | METHOD FOR INCREASING EFFICIENCY OF WELLS AND, IN PARTICULAR, EQUIPMENT FOR TREATING SOIL AND GROUND WATER |
| CN102288144A (en) * | 2011-05-11 | 2011-12-21 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Quantitative method for determining average thickness of water-bearing bed |
| CN102792873A (en) * | 2012-08-30 | 2012-11-28 | 新疆林业科学院 | Forest well type water-saving irrigation method |
| CN104041379A (en) * | 2014-06-06 | 2014-09-17 | 新疆林业科学院 | Drought and extreme drought region sand land 7.5cm-10.5cm ground diameter red date tree well type irrigation method |
| CN203968850U (en) * | 2014-06-11 | 2014-12-03 | 江南园林有限公司 | The water circulation coupling system of water scenery and treegarden irrigation |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111077583A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-04-28 | 山东科技大学 | Structure activation double-parameter monitoring system and monitoring method |
| WO2021134929A1 (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2021-07-08 | 山东科技大学 | Structure activation dual-parameter monitoring system and monitoring method |
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