CN105532113B - A kind of method of tuber crops indoor wintering storage - Google Patents
A kind of method of tuber crops indoor wintering storage Download PDFInfo
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- CN105532113B CN105532113B CN201510956860.7A CN201510956860A CN105532113B CN 105532113 B CN105532113 B CN 105532113B CN 201510956860 A CN201510956860 A CN 201510956860A CN 105532113 B CN105532113 B CN 105532113B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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Abstract
The invention discloses " a kind of method of tuber crops indoor wintering storage ", belong to agricultural technology field.In order to improve the indoor wintering of tuber crops storage effect in room, the present invention is by receiving diggings, preservation potato seed in good time（Taro）Complete appearance, it is selected to reserve seed for planting, and carried out disinfection using the copper sulphate calcium lime powder suitably matched, by potato seed（Taro）Being housed in can be with the wet indoor environment of temperature control, control.The storage practice of the present invention can lower the rotten incidence of disease of the tuber crops during storage for the winter, expand potato seed（Taro）Storage scale, meet the needs of tuber crops industrialized development.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural technology field, is store in particular to a kind of potato class (Chinese yam class) crop indoor wintering
The method of Tibetan.
Background technology
Tuber crops, mainly have and be available for edible roots or rhizomatous a kind of terrestrial crop.Have root tuber as
Chinese yam, sweet potato, cassava etc., such as potato tuberous, jerusalem artichoke, konjaku, have such as water arum, glycan of bulb, there is rhizome
Such as ginger, wind ginger.This kind of general cold-hartliness of plant is weaker, cultivates, spring and summer seasonal growth, was adopted before the Frost's Descent in frostless season more
Receive.Edible part contains much starch and sugar, can make vegetables, coarse cereals, feed and make the raw materials such as starch, alcohol.
The general volume of stem tuber of tuber crops is big, and epidermis is thin, and water content is high, and tissue is tender, easily by wound and infection disease
Evil, the amount of reserving seed for planting is big in addition, and storage for the winter is relatively difficult, turns into the bottleneck problem that limitation tuber crops expands the scale of production.Mesh
Before, tuber crops potato seed, the storage for the winter of ganoid konjaku taro typically have following 4 kinds of modes：
1st, open field soil stores area less cold in the winter time frequently with such a method.High-land, easy draining, sand should be selected
Property improvement, the seed-plot local wintering that crop growing state length lover, disease pest cause harm light then.Can plant naturally fall after seedling, use
The materials such as straw, cornstalk, mountain cogongrass cover, or covering 10cm or so soil layers, play a part of warming.This method by
Had a great influence to ambient temperature, relatively low temperature can make potato seed, ganoid konjaku taro frostbite.
2nd, first in mono- layer of dry rice straw of Jiao Dipu or river sand when cellar storage method is stored, ganoid konjaku taro terminal bud is put upward, by one
Layer one layer of haystack of taro is put, and the storage kind amount of cellar is advisable with the half of cellarage.After ganoid konjaku taro enters cellar for storing things, should often it regulate in cellar for storing things
Humiture and air.But cellar space is constrained to, each household is only capable of storing hundreds of kilograms of ganoid konjaku taros, and air permeability is poor in cellar,
Winter moisture easily accumulates, therefore this method storage improper easily causes potato seed, ganoid konjaku taro to be rotted.
3rd, sand hides method and thin river sand, mountain sand or plant ash etc. may be selected in indoor Sha Zang and careless Tibetan method room, in basket, in bucket or
One layer of ganoid konjaku taro is then put, ganoid konjaku taro is kept flat, and eye upward, then covers last layer by first putting the thick one layer of dry sand of 10cm at corner in interior
Dry sand, ganoid konjaku taro is covered tightly.And indoor careless Tibetan method straw, straw, husk etc., used after being dried, according to one layer of one layer of grass
Ganoid konjaku taro, hay is set fully to encase ganoid konjaku taro.Sha Zang and careless Tibetan method stack the number of plies should not be excessive, if bottom can be damaged by pressure too much by stacking level
Ganoid konjaku taro, or it is ventilative bad.
4th, the Indoor Natural mound storage method material such as thick the one layer of 10-15cm in ground upper berth straw, straw indoors, then upper
Stacked by one layer of ganoid konjaku taro, one layer of grass in face.
Expand with the area of tuber crops GAP, it is also more and more for the demand of potato seed (taro), and
Potato seed (taro) epidermis of tuber crops is thin, and water content is high, and easily by wound and introduced disease, traditional storage for the winter mode is often
Potato seed (taro) can be caused largely to rot, spring sowing bud ratio reduces, and can not meet the needs of tuber crops industrialized development.
The content of the invention
Technical problem
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of method of storage of tuber crops indoor wintering, reduces potato seed (taro) and is surviving the winter
Rotting in storage, improves spring sowing bud ratio.
Technical scheme
In order to realize the purpose of the present invention, the present invention provides a kind of tuber crops indoor wintering storage practice, its feature
It is to comprise the following steps：
A kind of tuber crops indoor wintering storage practice, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
1) receive and dig in good time：When tuber crops aerial part blade switchs to yellow by yellow green, petiole starts to lodge, on the ground
15-20 days after part is withered, starts to receive and dig potato (taro)；
2) it is selected to reserve seed for planting：Seed selection potato (taro) is carried out before storage：It is uniform in size, surface is smooth, hurtless measure, no disease and pests harm；Will
The potato seed (taro) chosen is spread out in vacant lot, is dried 5-10 days；
3) sterilize：Potato seed (taro) surface is uniformly sprayed at up to 1000 times of liquid with Amici, then is dried 1 day, then by sulfuric acid
Copper and caustic lime block are according to 1：7.5 ratios are weighed, and are first dissolved copper sulphate with a small amount of warm water, are uniformly poured on caustic lime block, then delay
Slow upper warm water, after lime block is cracked into powder, copper sulphate and calcium lime powder are stirred, potato seed (taro) is put into and wrapped up in
Powder, then dry 1 day；
4) indoor storage：Potato seed (taro) is fitted into 100 × 70cm 40 mesh nylon net bags, indoors with yoke or bamboo frame
Layered putting, interfloor distance 40-50cm, often put 2 layers of potato seed (taro) in layer frame；
Or the thick straw of one layer of 8cm-10cm, straw material are directly spread on the ground, mesh bag is placed in groined type
Face, it is advisable with 4-5 layers, is finally covering the thick straw insulations of one layer of 15cm above, room temperature is maintained at 8-10 DEG C, and relative humidity is protected
Hold in 60-70%；
5) period management is stored：
(1) after storing in first 30 days, ventilation is strengthened, radiate hydrofuge, and making reserve temperature, relative humidity exists at 8-10 DEG C
60%-70%；
To the beginning of spring next year, 10-13 DEG C of indoor temperature, humidity 65% is kept to be advisable, based on heat-insulating and cold within (2) 31 days；
(3) after the beginning of spring, indoor temperature control is at 13-15 DEG C, relative humidity 75%-85%.
Received when being preferably selected fine weather, antecedent soil moisture and dig potato seed (taro), accomplished gently to dig, put down gently, gently remove light fortune, should not
Epidermis is damaged, is dried 3-5 days after digging out.The potato seed chosen (taro) is spread out in vacant lot, dried 5-10 days.First 30 days after storage
It is interior, pay attention to disease, inspect periodically potato seed (taro) whether there is lesion or rotted, as found to remove immediately.
Beneficial effect
The invention provides a kind of method of storage of tuber crops indoor wintering, can reduce potato seed (taro) in storage of surviving the winter
Rotting during Tibetan, improves spring sowing bud ratio, while expand the storage scale of potato seed (taro).
The method of the present invention effectively reduces what is rotted and go mouldy during taro ganoid konjaku taro and purple Chinese yam potato seed storage for the winter
Occur, improve after planting overall bud ratio.Using in the present invention 1:After 7.5 copper sulphate-quick lime processing, storage for the winter ganoid konjaku taro
The rate of going mouldy be only 12%, and it is existing to store sth. in a cellar with the rate of going mouldy of sand storage be 25-30%, calculated by per mu yield 2000kg ganoid konjaku taros, every mu
Ganoid konjaku taro reduces loss 260kg, by the 5 yuan of calculating of ganoid konjaku taro per kilogram unit price, can increase by 1300 yuan of income.
The present invention has the characteristics that storage property is good, easy to operate, cost-effective.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 different disposal Chinese yam potato seed storage for the winter situations
Fig. 2 different disposal taro ganoid konjaku taro storage for the winter situations
Fig. 3 after planting Chinese yam different disposal budding Dynamic comparisons
Fig. 4 after planting taro different disposal budding Dynamic comparisons
Embodiment
1st, receive and dig in good time：When crop aerial part blade switchs to yellow by yellow green, petiole starts to lodge, and aerial part is withered
15-20 days after withering, it can start to receive and dig.It is too early such as to receive digging, then causes yield reduction and not storage tolerance.Receive and dig too late, due on the ground
Plant has been rotted, and marks unobvious, and stem tuber, root-like stock easily by digging injury, cause rotten kind of catching an illness, simultaneously because into early winter, frost
Occur, easily cause frostbite.
Select weather is fine, antecedent soil moisture when receive and dig, received in rainy day or soil moisture potato seed (taro) water content dug it is big,
Wound healing is slow, easy bacteria infection.Receiving will accomplish gently to dig, put down gently, gently remove light fortune when digging, and not damage epidermis, to protect
Terminal bud.The potato seed (taro) dug out should dry 3-5 days, to reduce moisture, strengthen the storage property of ganoid konjaku taro.
2nd, it is selected to reserve seed for planting：The potato seed (taro) reserved seed for planting, it should be that character is good, there is this varietal characteristic, strong adaptability, yield
It is high, more disease-resistant or resistance to sick, because potato seed (taro) is one of hibernacle of germ, so to be carried out before storage it is strict selected,
Refining criterion is：It is uniform in size, maturity is good, surface is smooth, hurtless measure, no disease and pests harm.By the potato seed chosen (taro) in vacant lot
In spread out, dry 5-10 days or so.
3rd, thorough disinfection：Strict sterilization is carried out to potato seed (taro) before storage, this is the key for controlling inter-species to pass disease.With Ah rice
West is uniformly sprayed at potato seed (taro) surface up to (25% Fluoxastrobin, first just reaching) 1000 times of liquid, then dries 1 day.Then by copper sulphate
With caustic lime block according to 1：7.5 ratios are weighed, and are first dissolved copper sulphate with a small amount of warm water, are uniformly poured on caustic lime block, then slowly
Upper warm water, after lime block is cracked into powder, copper sulphate and calcium lime powder are stirred, potato seed (taro) is put into and wrapped up in
Powder, then dry 1 day.
4th, indoor storage：Potato seed (taro) is fitted into 100 × 70cm 40 mesh nylon net bags, indoors with yoke or bamboo frame
Layered putting, interfloor distance 40-50cm, often put 2 layers of potato seed (taro) in layer frame；Or one layer of 10cm left side is directly spread on the ground
The materials such as right thick straw, straw, mesh bag is placed in above in groined type, is advisable with 4-5 layers, finally covering one layer above
Straw insulation thick 15cm.Room temperature is maintained at 10-15 DEG C, and relative humidity is maintained at 50-80%.
5th, period management is stored
(1) it is the critical period of storage management before storing in 30 days.Potato seed early stage (taro) respiration is very strong, and moisture steams
Hair amount is big, easily forms hot and humid environment.This phase should strengthen ventilation, and radiate hydrofuge, makes reserve temperature at 8-10 DEG C, relatively
Humidity pays attention to disease in 60%-70%, inspects periodically potato seed (taro) whether there is lesion or rotted, as discovery should be clear immediately
Remove.
At the beginning of (2) 30 days to 2 months next years, potato seed (taro) is in the deep dormancy stage, and breathing and moisture evaporation are weaker, caloric value
Small, this phase stem tuber physiological activity is faint, very sensitive to environment, is subject to damage to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature, and keeps 10-13 DEG C of indoor temperature, humidity
65% is advisable, based on heat-insulating and cold.
(3) after the beginning of spring, temperature gradually gos up, and the dormancy of potato seed (taro) has released, and breathing is strengthened, and should avoid reserve temperature
It is too high and promote terminal bud germination.This phase should strengthen ventilation, suitably increase humidity, and indoor temperature is controlled at 13-15 DEG C, relatively
Humidity 80% or so.Meanwhile the extraneous microthermal climate for occurring should be noted that it is warming.
Separately below so that Jingjiang Xiangsha dasheen (market purchase) and purple Chinese yam (market purchase) carry out indoor wintering storage as an example,
Discuss embodiments of the present invention.
1st, from October, 2014, when Chinese yam fibrous root is withered, blade wither and fall after 8-15 days, begin preparing for harvesting Chinese yam；Work as taro
Leaf jaundice is wilting, and petiole starts to lodge, and 5-10 days after aerial part is withered, starts to receive and digs taro.
Select to receive when fine weather, antecedent soil moisture and dig, to keep soil dry and soft before harvesting, adopt and a few days ago first prescind overground part
The petiole divided.After wound healing, Chinese yam or taro are completely excavated in fair weather, avoid Chinese yam or taro from dropping or break
Damage.Chinese yam, taro will accomplish gently to dig, put down gently, gently remove light fortune when receiving digging, not damage epidermis, and protect the top of Chinese yam, taro
Bud.
2nd, the potato seed dug out, ganoid konjaku taro should dry 3-5 days, to reduce moisture, the storage property of enhancing potato seed (taro).Chinese yam is damaged
Place's thoroughly excision, is separately put by the small potato of yampi；Except preventing or cure a disease, hindering, rotten taro, separately put according to female taro and descendants taro.In
Fair weather spreads Chinese yam, taro in vacant lot out, after drying 8 days (Chinese yams) or 10 days (taro), Amici is reached and (first just reached)
1000 times of liquid are uniformly sprayed at potato seed, ganoid konjaku taro surface, then dry 1 day.
3rd, copper sulphate and caustic lime block are matched (1 according to different weight:2.5、1:5、1:7.5、1:10, compare stone of making a living
Ash and do not wrap up in powder) weigh, 20 potato seeds of every group of processing or ganoid konjaku taro.Copper sulphate first is dissolved with a small amount of warm water, is then uniformly poured on life
On lime block, then slow upper warm water, until lime block is cracked into powder completely.Copper sulphate and calcium lime powder are stirred, filled
Enter in bag, placed at shady and cool ventilation, in order to avoid make moist.
4th, Chinese yam size potato is respectively put into copper sulphate-calcium lime powder, potato seed surface is wrapped up in powder abundant, potato seed breakage
It should focus on to wrap up in powder；Ganoid konjaku taro wraps up in powder respectively by female taro and sub- taro.The potato seed handled well, ganoid konjaku taro are placed on vacant lot and spread out, dry 1 day.
Straw thick one layer of ground upper berth 10cm or so, Chinese yam are respectively charged into 100 × 70cm 40 mesh nylon net bags according to seed tuber size
Or in 90 × 70cm circular woven mesh pocket, per packed full 2/3, put in groined type in heaps, 4 layers are no more than per heap；Female taro and son
Grandson taro is respectively charged into 100 × 70cm 40 mesh nylon net bags or 90 × 70cm circular woven mesh pocket, is equally put in groined type
On the ground of straw is paved with, 4 layers are no more than per heap.
5th, Chinese yam storage room temperature is maintained at 15 DEG C or so, relative humidity 40-60%；Taro storage room temperature is maintained at 10 DEG C
Left and right, relative humidity 70-80%.Storage period to potato seed (taro) mesh bag turn over whole every 15 days.
6th, spring next year is ready for Chinese yam and taro sowing, and wherein Chinese yam is cut into 5cm or so kind potato wedges, each potato in advance
2-3 bud point of band on block, wraps up in one ketone-sulphoxylate-calcium lime powder again after stripping and slicing, dry 1 day, according to Chinese yam and taro conventional method
Plantation.
7th, before and after in April, 2015 sowing, the storage for the winter effect and bud ratio of purple Chinese yam and Jingjiang Xiangsha dasheen are entered respectively
Row statistics is as a result as follows：
Storage effect：
After copper sulphate-quick lime processing, potato seed, the rotten and rate of going mouldy of ganoid konjaku taro significantly reduce, wherein 1:7.5 processing
Storage effect it is best, next to that do not wrap up in powder processing, and the ratio of going mouldy of quick lime processing be up to 8.3% and 30.7% (table 1,
Fig. 1, Fig. 2).
Budding effect：
After sowing 25 days, potato seed (taro) the budding number of copper sulphate-quick lime processing is most, and wherein Chinese yam bud ratio is 9-
11%, taro bud ratio is 28-48%, and the potato seed of quick lime processing, ganoid konjaku taro bud ratio are respectively 4% and 10%；Sowing 50 days
Afterwards, copper sulphate-potato seed of quick lime processing, ganoid konjaku taro bud ratio are respectively 96-100% and 78-93%, and what quick lime was handled goes out
Bud rate is minimum, respectively 89% and 93% (table 1, Fig. 3, Fig. 4).In the whole seeding stage, 1:The bud ratio of 7.5 processing is above
Other processing (Fig. 3, Fig. 4), illustrate 1:7.5 copper sulphate-quick lime processing can significantly improve potato seed, the bud ratio of ganoid konjaku taro.
The storage of potato seed (taro) and budding effect compare under the different disposal of table 1
8th, method of the invention is rotted and gone mouldy during effectively reducing taro ganoid konjaku taro and purple Chinese yam potato seed storage for the winter
Generation, improve after planting overall bud ratio.Using in the present invention 1:After 7.5 copper sulphate-quick lime processing, storage for the winter kind
The rate of going mouldy of taro is only 12%, and it is existing to store sth. in a cellar with the rate of going mouldy of sand storage be 25-30%, calculated by per mu yield 2000kg ganoid konjaku taros, often
Mu ganoid konjaku taro reduces loss 260kg, by the 5 yuan of calculating of ganoid konjaku taro per kilogram unit price, can increase by 1300 yuan of income.
Described above is the preferred embodiments of the present invention, it is noted that the invention is not restricted to above-described embodiment, can also apply
In other tuber crops.On the premise of principle of the present invention is not departed from, implementation steps can also make it is some improvement and
Modification, these are improved and modification is regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of tuber crops indoor wintering storage practice, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
1) receive and dig in good time：When tuber crops aerial part blade switchs to yellow by yellow green, petiole starts to lodge, aerial part
15-20 days after withered, start to receive and dig potato；
2) it is selected to reserve seed for planting：Seed selection potato is carried out before storage：It is uniform in size, surface is smooth, hurtless measure, no disease and pests harm；By what is chosen
Kind potato is spread out in vacant lot, is dried 5-10 days；
3) sterilize：Kind of a potato surface is uniformly sprayed at up to 1000 times of liquid with Amici, then is dried 1 day, then by copper sulphate and life
Lime block is according to 1：7.5 ratios are weighed, first with a small amount of warm water dissolve copper sulphate, be uniformly poured on caustic lime block, then slowly on
Warm water, after lime block is cracked into powder, copper sulphate and calcium lime powder are stirred, potato seed, ganoid konjaku taro are put into and carry out wrapping up in powder, then
Dry 1 day；
4) indoor storage：Potato seed, ganoid konjaku taro are fitted into 100 × 70cm 40 mesh nylon net bags, indoors with yoke or bamboo frame point
Layer is put, interfloor distance 40-50cm, and 2 layers of ganoid konjaku taro is put in every layer frame；
Or directly spread the thick straw of one layer of 8cm-10cm, straw material on the ground, by mesh bag in groined type be placed in above, with
4-5 layers are advisable, and are finally covering the thick straw insulations of one layer of 15cm above, room temperature is maintained at 8-10 DEG C, and relative humidity is maintained at
60-70%；
5) period management is stored：
(1) after storing in first 30 days, ventilation is strengthened, radiate hydrofuge, and making reserve temperature, relative humidity exists at 8-10 DEG C
60%-70%；
To the beginning of spring next year, 10-13 DEG C of indoor temperature, humidity 65% is kept to be advisable, based on heat-insulating and cold within (2) 31 days；
(3) after the beginning of spring, indoor temperature control is at 13-15 DEG C, relative humidity 75%-85%.
2. a kind of tuber crops indoor wintering storage practice according to claim 1, it is characterised in that selection weather is fine
Well, received during antecedent soil moisture and dig potato seed, ganoid konjaku taro, accomplished gently to dig, put down gently, gently remove light fortune, not damage epidermis, 3- is dried after digging out
5 days.
3. a kind of tuber crops indoor wintering storage practice according to claim 1 or claim 2, it is characterised in that by what is chosen
Potato seed, ganoid konjaku taro are spread out in vacant lot, are dried 5-10 days.
4. a kind of tuber crops indoor wintering storage practice according to claim 1 or claim 2, it is characterised in that before after storage
In 30 days, pay attention to disease, inspect periodically potato seed, ganoid konjaku taro whether there is lesion or rot, as find should remove immediately.
5. a kind of tuber crops indoor wintering storage practice according to claim 3, it is characterised in that first 30 days after storage
It is interior, pay attention to disease, inspect periodically kind of a potato seed, ganoid konjaku taro whether there is lesion or rot, as find should remove immediately.
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| CN106211859A (en) * | 2016-08-04 | 2016-12-14 | 巢湖市种子协会 | A kind of storage practice of seed potato |
| CN106342440B (en) * | 2016-08-23 | 2019-08-06 | 重庆市中药研究院 | A kind of simple storage practice of the sub- bud of radix scrophulariae suitable for southwest and dedicated storage agent |
| CN107996697A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-05-08 | 山东省轻工农副原料研究所 | A kind of Chinese yam antistaling agent, preparation method and Chinese yam normal temperature fresh-keeping method |
| CN110352717A (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2019-10-22 | 湖南省蔬菜研究所 | A kind of overwintering storage of ginger ginger kind and germination accelerating method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102550167A (en) * | 2012-01-09 | 2012-07-11 | 苍溪县运山镇魔芋专业合作社 | Konjac seed treatment method |
| CN102640594A (en) * | 2012-04-19 | 2012-08-22 | 重庆市彭水县天娇农业开发有限公司 | Method for storing konjac seed source |
| CN104081951A (en) * | 2014-06-30 | 2014-10-08 | 竹溪县雨润特色种养家庭农场 | Multilayer shelf smoked storage method for seed amorphophallus konjac |
| CN104838823A (en) * | 2015-04-16 | 2015-08-19 | 娄志 | Method for storing sweet potatoes through winter |
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2015
- 2015-12-18 CN CN201510956860.7A patent/CN105532113B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102550167A (en) * | 2012-01-09 | 2012-07-11 | 苍溪县运山镇魔芋专业合作社 | Konjac seed treatment method |
| CN102640594A (en) * | 2012-04-19 | 2012-08-22 | 重庆市彭水县天娇农业开发有限公司 | Method for storing konjac seed source |
| CN104081951A (en) * | 2014-06-30 | 2014-10-08 | 竹溪县雨润特色种养家庭农场 | Multilayer shelf smoked storage method for seed amorphophallus konjac |
| CN104838823A (en) * | 2015-04-16 | 2015-08-19 | 娄志 | Method for storing sweet potatoes through winter |
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