JP4819259B2 - Kuzuimo cultivation method - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for cultivating kuzu potato, and more particularly to a method for growing beans so that they can be harvested in the spring.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Kuzu-imo is a vine legume plant that grows in the tropics. Tuberous roots are formed in the basement. The tuberous roots are from a spindle shape to an oblate shape, pale brown or whitish, and have a height of 5 to 10 cm and a diameter of 3 to 20 cm. The vine reaches 5m long and the base becomes hard. The leaf resembles a litter, and there are three leaflets of 6-20 cm in length and width. The leaflets are diamond-shaped, 3.5 to 12 cm long, have irregularly shallow tops, and have rough hair on the surface. The total inflorescence is 15-30 cm long with 15-30 flowers sparsely and yellowish hair on the flower whip. The flower is a purple-red butterfly flower, about 2 cm long, with yellow hair on the vine. The fruits are flat and broadly linear, 7 to 13 cm long and have hair. There are tan beans.
[0003]
Original from southwestern Mexico to Peru and Ecuador in South America, it is now grown in the tropics of the United States and Asia, and some of them have escaped and become wild in Thailand and Indochina.
[0004]
Kuzuimo has a high yield as a cultivated plant, and is said to be 40 to 50 tons per hectare in the Philippines, Indonesia, Mexico, and the like.
[0005]
Tuberous roots are slightly sweet and delicious, can be sliced and eaten raw, put in salads, etc., but can be boiled lightly and have a crispy texture.
[0006]
Ingredients are 86% moisture, carbohydrates are 80% dry weight, protein 8%, lipid 4%. Since the protein content of potatoes and sweet potatoes is less than 5%, kuzuimo has higher nutritional value.
[0007]
In Vietnam, it is popular as a casual snack because it is peeled and sliced to a thickness of about 1 centimeter on a skewer. In Bali, kuzuimo is used in the whitening pack, which is said to have a breast augmentation effect and is eaten daily with salads.
[0008]
As for cultivation, it is suitable for the tropics but not for a very humid climate. Usually, breeding is by seed. In spring, seeds are sown at 1.2m between vines and 40cm between plants, and the vines are supported by piles or bamboo.
[0009]
It blooms from September to October, but when the flower is picked up, the tuberous root is enlarged in 4 to 8 months and becomes a size suitable for raw or boiled food. It takes two years to fully mature for starch.
[0010]
Young tuberous roots eat raw or boil, but both look and crisp are similar to sweet radishes. In Taiwan, it is boiled with pork and eats well, but it does not soften like sweet potato, and its taste is relatively pale. The ripe tuberous root is processed and used for collecting starch.
[0011]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In this way, kuzu potato is a plant that has a higher nutritional value than potatoes and is similar to a sweet radish with a crispy texture, and can be eaten raw or boiled, making it a very suitable ingredient for the Japanese diet However, although it is tropical, it is difficult to cultivate because it is not suitable for moisture, etc., and there have been attempts to cultivate it at agricultural test stations etc., but an appropriate cultivation method has not been established The current situation is that all the cultivation tests have failed.
[0012]
This invention is made | formed in view of such a situation, and exists in providing the favorable cultivation method of a kuzu potato made difficult to grow.
[0013]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention, as a result of repeating various trial and error for the cultivation of kuzu potato, tuberous root growing up to a certain size, the tuberous growing time is the most important time for cultivation of kuzu potato, this tuberous growing time Cultivated so that it is most suitable for growing crops from spring to early summer, it has been found that it is possible to cultivate good and stable cucumber, and established a method for sowing and raising seedlings in winter. Is completed.
[0014]
In the present invention, in winter, the seedlings are sown in a culture medium using humus in a greenhouse adjusted to a room temperature of 28 ° C. to 35 ° C., germinated up to three leaves, and then transplanted to individual pots to grow seedlings. Is a method for cultivating kuzu-imo, which is transplanted to a well-drained field planted with hay and organic fertilizers, fully irrigated and rooted and cultivated with beans in the spring.
[0015]
Kuzu-imo is usually sown in spring (March to April) and flowered in autumn (September to October) to produce beans. After the beans are collected, the tuberous roots in the basement are collected for food in about 4 to 5 months.
[0016]
In the Philippines and Indonesia where it is currently cultivated, this tuberous root growth season falls in the summer (July to September), but it is originally a country where the temperature does not change so much that it is maintained at 26 to 28 ° C, and it is used for plant growth. It is very suitable and hits the first half of the rainy season, in the Philippines, before the typhoon (September to December).
[0017]
Since tuberous roots grow sufficiently during this period, even after exposure to strong winds such as typhoons after the flowering period and the above-ground parts wither, the underground roots grow well, After months, fully grown tuberous roots can be collected.
[0018]
Kuzu-imo is a crop that can grow seeds first to grow seed seeds, wither its flowers, and then grow underground to collect tuberous roots after fruit set. Adapting to the region is most important for the cultivation of kuzu-imo.
[0019]
When this kuzuimo is compared to the Japanese climate, the temperature rises from spring to summer, and the temperature is suitable for kuzuimo, but in summer it is a typhoon season unique to Japan. Before this typhoon (July to September), it is necessary to grow tuberous to some extent.
[0020]
The present invention is characterized by seeding and raising seedlings in winter (January to March), transplanting to a field in spring (April), flowering and fruiting (April to June), and growing tuberous roots. To do. Since it is a tropical plant, sowing and raising seedlings are carried out in a greenhouse in order to adjust the temperature to about 28 ° C to 35 ° C.
[0021]
Any greenhouse can be used as long as the temperature in the greenhouse can be adjusted to about 28 ° C. to 35 ° C., and a greenhouse provided with heating facilities or the like may be used. When the temperature is 28 ° C. or lower, the temperature is too low to grow into a good seedling. Moreover, it will die at 35 degreeC or more.
[0022]
In addition, because Kuzuimo is vulnerable to excessive wetting, the soil is sown in a soil that uses humus soil with appropriate water permeability and water retention, and after germination, it is grown to three leaves and three branches, and then individually transplanted to pots. To do. Any pot may be used as long as it can grow seedlings for each seedling, and a commercially available resin pot may be used.
[0023]
In this pot, seedlings are raised in the greenhouse until the outside temperature is suitable for cultivation in the alley of kuzuimo. In the spring, when the outside air temperature rises and becomes warm, it is transplanted to the field. It is preferable to transplant after the outside air temperature becomes 26 ° C. or higher. By transplanting to a field and sufficiently irrigating, flowering starts about 2 months after transplanting, beans are produced about 1 week after flowering, and mature in 2 to 3 months. In this way, the beans are grown in spring (April to June).
[0024]
The soil for the field is set up by cultivating soil using hay and organic fertilizer. The dead grass may be a dead leaf of Japanese pampas grass, a dead leaf of sugarcane, or the like, and a dead leaf or bean shell of kuzuimo is preferably used.
[0025]
As the organic fertilizer, livestock manure fertilizer can be used, and cow manure fertilizer is particularly preferable. You may use the fertilizer etc. which mixed the cow manure fertilizer and the hay pulverized material which pulverized the above-mentioned dead leaf etc., and dried in the sun for one month or more.
[0026]
Moreover, in this invention, in the seedling raising in the said greenhouse, it fills and seeds | cultivates the culture medium using humus soil in the heat insulation container which has heat insulation, and raises seedlings. The heat insulation container may be any one having heat insulation properties and a heat insulation effect, and a heat insulation material attached to the outside of a commercially available cultivation container or a cultivation container using a heat insulation material. However, for example, a foamed polystyrene container can be used.
[0027]
In addition, the soil to be packed in a heat-retaining container to be nurtured in the previous greenhouse can use a mixed soil of red soil and humus soil in which humus soil is laid on the bottom and 10-30% of the humus soil is mixed thereon.
[0028]
The humus may be any corrosive soil fermented by fallen leaves or the like, and commercially available humus for plant cultivation can be used. In addition, red soil is a red soil distributed and distributed throughout the country, but it is called Kunigami merge, especially in Okinawa Prefecture, and a unique red soil distributed in 55% of the prefecture soil can be used.
[0029]
An example of component analysis of this red soil is shown below.
Iron 7.62%
Calcium 0.39%
Aluminum 0.03%
Silica 33.60%
[0030]
As described above, the iron content is very large and the calcium content is also large. Due to its nature, it has weak adhesive force, is easily soluble in water, and has a characteristic that particles are very fine and thus do not precipitate easily. For agriculture, this soil is suitable for growing tropical plants such as pineapples.
[0031]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments according to the present invention will be described in detail. FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing a method for cultivating kuzu potatoes according to the present invention.
[0032]
In the method for cultivating kuzu potatoes according to the present example, seeding is performed in winter, and greenhouse cultivation is performed until the seedling stage. When the temperature of the outside air becomes 26 ° C. or higher, the plant is transplanted and cultivated in the field. The steps will be described in order below.
[0033]
1) Sowing is performed in a greenhouse whose temperature is adjusted so that the sowing temperature is 30 ° C. or higher. This sowing was performed in the beginning of February.
[0034]
As the seeding container, a box container 20 made of polystyrene foam was used as shown in FIG. As shown in Fig. 2 (1), the soil is filled with humus 21 at the bottom, and mixed soil 22 in which red crushed and humus are mixed in a ratio of 8: 2 is embanked, and the soil is spaced 5 cm apart. Then, a depression was provided at a depth of about 1 cm, seeds of kuzu potatoes were sown one by one, and humus was covered thinly.
[0035]
When the seed planting was completed, as shown in FIG. 2 (2), a vinyl net 24 was placed so as to cover the upper part of the seeding container. This net 24 is a protective net for preventing young shoots from being eaten by butterflies and pests.
[0036]
Irrigation of the planted seeds 23 was performed twice a day, once in the morning and evening. In particular, I tried to spray finely so that young shoots would not be damaged by irrigation.
[0037]
In addition, the temperature control was performed with great care so that the temperature in the greenhouse was 30 ° C. or higher with an electric lamp or the like.
[0038]
2) After germination and sowing, germination began one week later. It was late germination and took about 2 weeks. The germination rate was about 70 to 80%.
[0039]
Watering was performed twice a day (morning and evening) even after germination. The room temperature was controlled at 30 ° C or higher.
[0040]
3) At the beginning of pot transplanting germination, 2 leaf buds emerged and the height was about 2 cm, and the trunk was translucent like bean sprouts, but in 1 week it became 1 leaf with 3 leaves. Further, the seedlings 30 that grew to three leaves and three branches were replanted into a vinyl pot 31. In terms of time, it was replanted in March, one month after sowing.
[0041]
As shown in FIG. 3 (1), humus 32 is laid on the bottom of the pot 31, and mixed soil 33 obtained by mixing finely crushed red soil and humus in a ratio of 8: 2 is embanked and sufficiently irrigated. And transplanted. As shown in FIG. 3 (2), the pot 31 was placed in a styrofoam container 34. The plastic net was covered until it grew to some extent like the sowing container 20. In addition, irrigation was performed twice a day in the same manner as above, taking care not to damage the young leaves.
[0042]
4) Raising seedlings in a field transplant greenhouse was carried out until the temperature of the outside air became warm and the temperature reached 26 ° C. or more suitable for the growth of kuzuimo.
[0043]
Since the temperature was appropriate at the beginning of April, transplantation to the field was performed. Prior to transplanting to the field, the field was prepared. I set it up with a cultivator. The heel height was about 20 cm. The bamboo shoots were laid with dead leaves of Japanese pampas grass and dead sugar cane, and then with dead leaves of kuzuimo and bean husks.
[0044]
Further, as a basic manure, a fertilizer prepared by mixing a commercially available cow manure fertilizer with a pulverized product obtained by finely pulverizing dead sugar cane leaves was spread and exposed to the sun for one month to be completely dried.
[0045]
In this state, a pot seedling of kuzu-imo was planted. As shown in FIG. 4 (1), planting seedlings 41 for harvesting tuberous roots were planted at 30-40 cm intervals on the top of the ridge 40. Further, the seedlings 42 for collecting seed beans were planted in the middle of the cocoon 40 as shown in FIG. This is to make it possible to distinguish between seed and food.
[0046]
5) At the time of transplanting to the tuberous root growing field, it is not sufficiently rooted, so sufficient irrigation is required, and morning and evening irrigation must be performed carefully. During this period, the temperature is optimal for the cucumber, the sunshine is sufficient, and because the nutrients are pre-laid in the straw, the fertilizer effect is high, and the tuberous root in the underground part Grows rapidly.
[0047]
It is most important for the cultivation of kuzu potatoes to reliably grow tuberous roots at this time. For harvesting, pruned vines regularly. The seeds are not pruned.
[0048]
6) After planting in the flowering field, the buds will grow in about 2 months and bloom in about 1 week. As shown in FIG. 5 (1), the kuzuimo flower 50 is very similar to the kuzu flower that is familiar in Japan with kuzu buds and kuzu cuttings. Many purple flowers 50 are attached to the tip of the vine 51. Let it bloom.
[0049]
Basically, the flowers 50 continue to bloom from June to October except during the typhoon season.
[0050]
7) After the bean harvesting flowers are in bloom, as shown in FIG. 5 (2), a bean bunch 52 is formed in about one week. One bunch contains 8 to 10 beans 53. It takes about three months to fully ripen and harvest as seeds. However, it may be harvested when the bean bunch 52 is matured and the beans 53 are contained, and then harvested and then fully ripe and dried for seed use.
[0051]
8) Typhoon damage During this period, flowers 50 are blooming one after another, and bean bunch 52 is formed, but in July, it is a typhoon season in Japan. Most of it will wither away, leaving some.
[0052]
By this time, those that have not grown tuberous roots will die. However, if the tuberous root has grown to a certain extent, it will survive and after the typhoon has passed, it will stretch its vine again and bloom.
[0053]
Traditionally, the cultivation test of kuzu-imo has been almost unsuccessful, but these were not possible due to the lack of temperature control and sufficient irrigation control in the cultivation of kuzu-imo's seedlings. It was greatly affected by the withering of the above ground by a certain typhoon.
[0054]
In other words, when cultivating kuzu potatoes normally, they will be sown in spring (April) where the temperature is appropriate. Therefore, tuberous roots will grow in August at the earliest. This period was a typhoon season, and before the tuberous roots grew, the ground part withered by the typhoon and the underground part could not grow due to rain.
[0055]
9) Flowering (second period)
At the end of the typhoon season, those with growing tubers will survive, and the vines will stretch out again and flower. This flowering continues to bloom from September to October.
[0056]
10) Bean collection (second period)
The flowers are scattered in about a week, and a bean bunch 52 is formed. The beans 53 can be harvested for seeds in about two months after the beans 52 are formed. It can be harvested from November to December.
[0057]
From one seedling grown for seed, about 600 to 700 beans 53 can be collected when the first and second stages are combined. Incidentally, about 300 to 400 beans 53 can be harvested from seedlings grown for harvesting tuberous roots.
[0058]
11) After the collection of tuberous root harvested seeds is complete and all the branches and leaves have withered, the cucumber can be harvested 1 to 3 months later. As shown in FIG. 5 (3), the tuberous root 54 is a crispy tuberous tube similar to a whitish radish having a spindle shape and slightly brownish. For large ones, the weight is about 2.5 kg.
[0059]
The tuberous root 54 matures from March to April of the following year, has a fruit, has a very crisp and sweet taste, and can be eaten deliciously.
[0060]
This tuberous root 54 can be sliced, chopped, combined with other vegetables to make salads, etc., and eaten raw, or boiled or fried. Like radishes, it could be put in miso soup or fried like fried potatoes.
[0061]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the present invention described in detail has the following effects.
[0062]
1) It is possible to reliably and reliably harvest kuzu potatoes.
[0063]
2) A method for cultivating kuzu potatoes from reliable and stable seeds can be provided.
[0064]
3) A method for raising cucumber seedlings in winter (low temperature period) can be provided.
[0065]
4) It is possible to provide a pot seedling cultivation method for kuzuimo.
[0066]
5) A stable breeding method for kuzu-imo can be provided.
[0067]
6) It can provide a typhoon countermeasure method in kuzu-imo cultivation.
[0068]
Thus, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a method for cultivating kuzu potatoes that can reliably and stably harvest kuzu potatoes that have been difficult to cultivate in Japan.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing a method for cultivating kuzu potatoes according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a seedling container for cucumbers according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a method for raising pot seedlings according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a field transplantation state in the method for cultivating kuzu potatoes according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of the flowers, beans, and tuberous roots cultivated by the method for cultivating cucumbers according to the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Sowing 2 Germination 3 Pot transplantation 4 Field transplantation 5 Tuberous root growth 6 Flowering (first stage)
7 Bean collection (1st term)
8 Typhoon damage 9 Flowering (second period)
10 Bean collection (2nd term)
20 Styrofoam container 21 humus 22 mixed soil 23 kuzu imo seeds 24 vinyl net 30 kuzu imo seedling 31 pot 32 humus 33 mixed soil 34 styrofoam container 40 畝 41 kuzu imo seedling (for tuberous root collection)
42 Kuzuimo seedlings (for seed collection)
50 Kuzuimo Flower 51 Kuzuimo Vine 52 Kuzuimo Bean Bunch 53 Kuzuimo Bean 54 Kuzuimo Tuber

Claims (5)

In winter, the seedlings were sown in a culture medium using humus in a greenhouse controlled at 28 ° C to 35 ° C, germinated up to three leaves and then transplanted to individual pots to grow seedlings. A method for cultivating kuzu-imo, which is transplanted to a well-drained field that has been erected using organic fertilizer, fully irrigated and rooted, and cultivated with beans in spring. The method for cultivating kuzu potatoes according to claim 1, wherein the seedlings in the greenhouse are cultivated by cultivating seedlings filled with culture medium using humus in a heat insulating container having heat insulation properties. The method for cultivating kuzu potato according to claim 2, wherein the heat retaining container is a foamed polystyrene container. The soil to be stuffed in a heat-retaining container for raising seedlings in the first half of the greenhouse is characterized by laying humus on the bottom and filling it with mixed soil of red and mulch mixed with 10-30% humus. The cultivation method of a kuzu potato according to any one of claims 1 to 3. The soil used for the straw of the above-mentioned field is laid with dead leaves of Japanese pampas grass, dead leaves of sugar cane, dead leaves of kuzuimo and bean husk, mixed with cow manure fertilizer and pulverized haygrass as the original fertilizer and dried in the sun for more than one month The method for cultivating kuzu potato according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the fertilizer is mixed.

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