CN105522264A - Device for 3D printing of high-nitrogen steel products through nitrogen arc and nitride - Google Patents

Device for 3D printing of high-nitrogen steel products through nitrogen arc and nitride Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105522264A
CN105522264A CN201610005989.4A CN201610005989A CN105522264A CN 105522264 A CN105522264 A CN 105522264A CN 201610005989 A CN201610005989 A CN 201610005989A CN 105522264 A CN105522264 A CN 105522264A
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powder
nitrogen
nitride
arc
gas
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CN105522264B (en
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周琦
孔见
王克鸿
周春东
朱军
彭勇
孙宏宇
蔡雅君
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Jiangsu Shuoshi Welding Science & Technology Co Ltd
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Jiangsu Shuoshi Welding Science & Technology Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
    • B23K9/173—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a consumable electrode
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/04—Welding for other purposes than joining, e.g. built-up welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/24—Features related to electrodes
    • B23K9/28—Supporting devices for electrodes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/32—Accessories
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
    • B23K2103/04—Steel or steel alloys

Abstract

The invention provides a device and method for 3D printing of high-nitrogen steel products through a nitrogen arc and nitride. Overlaying shaping of high-nitrogen steel with a set layer height is carried out through a nitrogen arc wire feeding material increase manufacturing method under normal pressure, and meanwhile nitride alloy powder is added into a molten pool through nitrogen powder feeding. A spiral air powder groove is bored in the inner wall of a coaxial spiral air powder cover, the nitride alloy powder forms air powder cyclone at a welding gun opening, the loss caused by scattering of the nitride alloy powder when the nitride alloy powder flows out of the welding gun opening is reduced, and meanwhile the effect that the nitride alloy powder and molten drops at the end of a solder wire are fully metallurgically smelted and then enter the molten pool is guaranteed. By controlling parameter matching of 3D printing, high-nitrogen steel printing layers with different nitrogen contents can be obtained. A synchronous and coaxial powder adding and wire feeding method with the nitride alloy powder and the solder wire is adopted, so that 3D printing of the high-nitrogen steel products through a technology integrating the common steel solder wire, the nitride alloy powder and the nitrogen arc is realized under normal pressure.

Description

A kind of device utilizing nitrogen arc and nitride 3D to print high nitrogen steel part
Technical field
The invention belongs to RP technique field, be specifically related to a kind of devices and methods therefor utilizing nitrogen arc and nitride 3D to print high nitrogen steel part, the increasing material being applicable to high nitrogen Steel material manufactures, welds and part restore.
Background technology
Interstitial element nitrogen in high nitrogen steel and other alloying elements (Mn, Cr, Mo, V, Nb and Ti etc.) coordinative role, can improve the intensity of steel, toughness, creep resistance, anti-wear performance, decay resistance etc.But nitrogen under atmospheric pressure nitrogen solubility is very low, add very difficult, because addition is few, its Beneficial Effect is not too obvious, and the general mode of production of high nitrogen steel is that pressurization is smelted, and need special production equipment, output is limited and cost is high.In addition, the processing characteristics of high nitrogen steel worsens, and work hardening situation is serious, requires strict to the design of process tool, quality and process parameter control.Two aspect factors combine and the application of high nitrogen steel are restricted.
Electric arc 3D printing technique, namely electric arc wire feeding increases material manufacturing technology, is utilize arc surfacing principle to be melted by metal wire material, directly manufactures the process of theoretical density 3-dimensional metal part under control of the computer.Compare with conventional methods such as machining process with foundry engieering, electric arc wire feeding increase material manufacturing technology operation simplifies, stock utilization improves, production cost reduces, mechanical processing difficulty is low, the gross imperfection in part and component segregation can be controlled simultaneously, subsequent processing operations simplifies, and is applicable to novel product rapid development and batch production.
Existing electric arc 3D printing technique generally comprises: coaxial or paraxonic wire feed electric arc 3D prints and powder feeding electric arc 3D prints, and do not have a powder coaxially to add, and when adding powder, powder can not rotate.Have the mode adopting silk powder synchronously to send in laser 3D printing technique, but not realizing a powder coaxially sends to, and the uniformity of composition of weld line is bad.
Chinese patent (200710141482.2) discloses a kind of cladding apparatus based on argon arc welding, what it adopted is coaxial powder-feeding mode, the dilution rate of the cladding layer obtained is high, general about 5% ~ 10%, its cladding layer area is large, when printing technique for 3D, then can not realize the accurate control printing product size.Chinese patent (201210250419.3) discloses a kind of double-layer air-flow protection TIG welding method of high nitrogen steel, which employs double-deck nitrogen protection, but its nitrogen pick-up weak effect, and powder can not be added by wire feed.Chinese patent (94240533.1) discloses a kind of gas rotation type paint spray pistol, the inner surface boring of its tracheae has screw thread spin line, vaporific paint is made to form orientation, its scattering surface is diminished, but utility model patent is in tubular structure inwall boring screw thread spin line actually, its to gas powder stream to flow to restriction poor.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of device utilizing nitrogen arc and nitride 3D to print high nitrogen steel part,
A kind of technical scheme utilizing nitrogen arc and nitride 3D to print the method for high nitrogen steel part of the present invention is:
Adopt nitrogen arc and nitride in-situ metallurgy to realize a device for steel surface nitrogen pick-up, it mainly comprises:
One electrode gas shielded arc welding gun;
To be provided with electrode gas shielded arc welding gun with axial screw gas powder cover in the coaxial conveyer of one gas powder, in coaxial spiral gas powder cover, to have the screw thread be fastenedly connected with electrode gas shielded arc welding gun; In the coaxial conveyer of gas powder, outside spiral gas powder cover, be provided with the powder feeding plenum duct tangent with spiral gas powder cover outer wall; Powder feeding plenum duct has air taking port and powder feeding mouth; The inwall of described spiral gas powder cover has spiral gas powder groove;
Spiral gas powder groove as above is at spiral gas powder cover, and its structure can be change helical-varying pitch-variable section structure, and described spiral gas powder groove is half slot, and groove diameter is 2mm ~ 7mm, from top, Gradient reduces; In 0 ° ~ 60 ° intervals, from top, Gradient reduces lead angle, and described spiral gas powder cover adopts the manufacture of heat proof material SiC ceramic.
Powder feeding mouth as above and air taking port are equipped with powder feeding speed regulator and gas flowmeter respectively.
The gas powder outlet of spiral gas powder cover as above is in necking down shape, and the extended line in necking down face points to arc center.
Electrode gas shielded arc welding gun nozzle heat proof material SiC ceramic as above manufactures, described electrode gas shielded arc welding gun, and the reach of its outer upper processing is at least the twice of its diameter.
Utilize nitrogen arc and nitride 3D to print a method for high nitrogen steel part as above, its method concrete steps are as follows:
Step 1, by the subject alloy composition of target height nitrogen steel part, determines iron content W fe%; Select mild steel weldinmg rod as wire feed raw material;
According to the subject alloy composition of target height nitrogen steel part, determine the required content Wif% ratio as alloying element i in the alloy powder of powder feeding raw material, through revising relational expression Wif revise% ≈ Wif% × (1+ μ i+ ξ) obtains the correction value Wif of alloying element i content in powder after revising revise%; Wherein μ i is scaling loss coefficient, μ i=0.2% ~ 5%, and ξ is scattering spatter loss coefficient, ξ=2% ~ 8%; Alloying element in the alloy powder of powder feeding raw material is not iron;
Step 2, according to the content Wi% of alloying element i and the relational expression of iron content in target height nitrogen steel the composition obtaining all alloying elements and ferro element, than α: β, determines the quality of powder feeding raw material and mass ratio α: β of wire feed raw material of sending into molten bath, if enter the material powder quality m in molten bath powder=Vf × Δ t, enters the quality of the wire feed raw material in molten bath wherein Vf is for adding powder speed, and unit is g/min; Vs is wire feed rate, and unit is m/min; D is gage of wire, and unit is m; ρ is welding wire density, and unit is g/m 3; Δ t is the time, and unit is min;
Step 3, according to formula m powder: determine powder feeding rate Vf and wire feed rate Vs parameter matching relation, V f : ( π 4 ρd 2 × V s ) = α : β ; K = π 4 ρd 2 , Obtain formula of reduction Vf:(K × Vs)=α: β;
Step 4, chooses wire feed and send rate Vs to be 1.5m/min ~ 12m/min; According to formula Vf:(K × Vs)=α: β, draw powder feeding rate Vf;
Step 5, startup nitrogen arc and nitride 3D print the device of high nitrogen steel part, the coaxial conveyer of gas powder regulates powder feeding rate to be Vf, speed of supplying gas is V gas 1, the wire feed rate regulating electrode gas shielded arc welding gun is Vs, and protection gas speed is V gas 2, weld;
Step 6, determine 3D print path according to target height nitrogen steel part geomery, carry out built-up welding with bonding speed v, when every one deck built-up welding is complete, welding gun is improved a thickness, repeated overlaying weldability process finally obtains high nitrogen steel part.
Preferably, the speed V that supplies gas on the coaxial conveyer of gas powder gas 1gas speed V is protected with welding gun gas 2meet V gas 1≈ V gas 2=15 ~ 40L/min.
Preferably, bonding speed v is 3 ~ 16mm/s.
The present invention compared with prior art has following remarkable advantage:
(1) adopt nitride alloy powder mode of coaxially adding powder wire feed synchronous with welding wire, achieve the synchronous coaxial electric arc 3D of gas-powder-Si three at ambient pressure and print high nitrogen steel;
(2) the nitride alloy powder added can at welding gun interruption-forming rotary pneumatic powder stream, be conducive to the abundant metallurgical smelting of molten drop and molten bath of nitride alloy powder and welding wire end, ensure that nitride alloy powder is accurately delivered in molten bath simultaneously, and reduce scattering and the loss brought of splashing, the high nitrogen steel part uniform composition of gained;
(3) by regulating the alloying component of nitride alloy powder and adding the parameter matching of powder wire feed, the high nitrogen steel part of different nitrogen content can be printed by 3D;
(4) nitrogen arc and the nitrogen coordinative role transmitting nitride alloy powder, contribute to the raising of nitrogen partial pressure, effectively control the effusion of having fused into nitrogen in molten bath, nitrogen pick-up effect increase rate is large;
(5) with directly print compared with high nitrogen steel method with high nitrogen powdered steel 3D, the present invention's ordinary steel welding wire used adds the method that appropriate nitride alloy powder 3D prints high nitrogen steel part, avoid the problem high nitrogen steel being processed into powder difficulty, technique simplification, cost reduce.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 prints high nitrogen steel part apparatus structure schematic diagram for utilizing nitrogen arc and nitride 3D,
Fig. 2 is the longitudinal sectional view of coaxial gas powder cover;
Fig. 3 is the A-A cross-sectional view utilizing nitrogen arc and nitride 3D to print high nitrogen steel part device.
Wherein, 1 is plenum duct, and 2 is powder feeding passage, and 3 is spiral gas powder cover, and 4 is spiral gas powder groove, and 5 is electrode gas shielded arc welding gun.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, a kind of devices and methods therefor utilizing nitrogen arc and nitride 3D to print high nitrogen steel part of the present invention is further described.
Utilize nitrogen arc and nitride 3D to print a device for high nitrogen steel part, this device comprises an electrode gas shielded arc welding gun 5;
The coaxial conveyer of one gas powder, to be provided with electrode gas shielded arc welding gun 5 with axial screw gas powder cover 3, to have the screw thread be fastenedly connected with electrode gas shielded arc welding gun 5 in spiral gas powder cover 3 in it;
In the coaxial conveyer of gas powder, outside spiral gas powder cover 3, be provided with the powder feeding plenum duct tangent with spiral gas powder cover 3 outer wall;
Powder feeding plenum duct has air taking port 1 and powder feeding mouth 2;
The inwall of spiral gas powder cover 3 has spiral gas powder groove 4.
The structure of spiral gas powder groove 4 is for becoming helical-varying pitch-variable section structure, and described spiral gas powder groove 4 is half slot, and groove diameter is 2mm ~ 7mm, and from top, Gradient reduces; In 0 ° ~ 60 ° intervals, from top, Gradient reduces lead angle, and described spiral gas powder groove 4 adopts the manufacture of heat proof material SiC ceramic.
Powder feeding mouth 1 and air taking port 2 are equipped with powder feeding speed regulator and gas flowmeter respectively.
The gas powder outlet of described spiral gas powder cover 3 is in necking down shape, and the extended line in necking down face points to arc center.
Described electrode gas shielded arc welding gun 5 heat proof material SiC ceramic manufactures, and the reach of described electrode gas shielded arc welding gun 5 outer wall processing is at least the twice of its diameter.
The built-up welding that the method that the present invention adopts nitrogen arc wire feed to increase material manufacture carries out setting floor height nitrogen steel is shaped, and utilizes nitrogen powder feeding to add nitride alloy powder in molten bath simultaneously.By the parameter matching that control 3D prints, the high nitrogen steel printable layer of different nitrogen contents can be obtained.When every layer of built-up welding completes, welding gun improves a thickness, and repeated overlaying weldability obtains high nitrogen steel part.Adopt nitride alloy powder mode of coaxially adding powder wire feed synchronous with ordinary steel welding wire, realize utilizing ordinary steel welding wire-nitride alloy powder-nitrogen arc complex technique 3D to print high nitrogen steel part at ambient pressure.
Nitrogen pick-up principle is, on the one hand, fill silk material and burn in nitrogen arc and melt, form molten drop, the nitrogen in nitrogen arc enters molten drop, and cause nitrogen content in molten drop to increase, in nitrogen arc, nitrogen partial pressure is higher simultaneously, can control the effusion that nitrogen has been fused in molten bath; On the other hand, nitride alloy powder fuses into molten drop after heating in nitrogen arc, further increases the nitrogen content of molten drop.Outside nitride alloy powder denitrify, are also furnished with other alloying elements, as elements such as Mn, Cr, Mo, to guarantee that nitrogen is solid-solubilized in high nitrogen steel with atomic form.
Embodiment 1
Utilize said apparatus, the method adopting nitrogen arc and nitride 3D to print high nitrogen steel part prepares high nitrogen steel beam column, and it is of a size of 100mm × 100mm × 40mm, is made up of 20 layers of overlay cladding, and every floor height is 2mm, and every layer of weld seam is made up of 7 road weld seams.
Adopt the method utilizing nitrogen arc and nitride 3D to print high nitrogen steel part of the present invention, its concrete steps are:
Step 1, by the subject alloy composition of target height nitrogen steel part, determines iron content WFe%; Select mild steel weldinmg rod as wire feed raw material;
According to the subject alloy composition of target height nitrogen steel part, determine the required content Wif% ratio as alloying element i in the nitride alloy powder of powder feeding raw material, through revising relational expression Wif revise% ≈ Wif% × (1+ μ i+ ξ) obtains the correction value Wif of alloying element in powder [i] content after revising revise%, and prepare nitride alloy powder; Wherein μ i is scaling loss coefficient, μ i=0.2% ~ 5%, and ξ is scattering spatter loss coefficient, ξ=2% ~ 8%;
Nitride alloy powder stock comprises: chromium nitride powder, nitrogenized manganese powder, chromium powder, manganese powder, molybdenum powder.The component requirements of target height nitrogen steel is as shown in table 1.Select H08Mn2Si welding wire, its chemical composition requires as shown in table 2.
When powder presses CrN:MnN:Cr:Mn:Mo=4:4:18.85:11.8:1.5, meet target product alloy element component content ratio.According to correction relational expression Wif revise% ≈ Wif% × (1+ μ i+ ξ), revising the formula obtaining material powder is: during CrN:MnN:Cr:Mn:Mo=4:4:19:12:1.5, with steel welding wire with the use of printing high nitrogen steel part, and the composition of high nitrogen steel part is N:1.66%, Mn:15%, Cr:22%, Mo:1.5%, surplus is iron.
The chemical composition of table 1 target height nitrogen steel requires (%)
Chemical composition N Mn Cr Mo Si C Fe
Standard criterion 0.8-2.4 12-18 18-23 1.0-2.5 ≤1 ≤0.1 Surplus
Table 2H08Mn2SiA welding wire chemical composition (%)
Step 2, according to the content Wi% of the alloying element i of target height nitrogen steel except ferro element and the relational expression of iron content the composition obtaining all alloying elements and ferro element, than α: β ≈ 2:3, is determined to send into the alloy powder quality in molten bath and the mass ratio of welding wire is 2:3, enters the powder quality m in molten bath powder=Vf × Δ t, enters the Quality of Final Welding Wire in molten bath wherein Vf is for adding powder speed, and unit is g/min; Vs is wire feed rate, and unit is m/min; D is gage of wire, and unit is m; ρ is welding wire density, and unit is g/m 3; Δ t is the time, and unit is min.
Step 3, according to formula m powder: determine powder feeding rate Vf and wire feed rate Vs parameter matching relation, V f : ( π 4 ρd 2 × V s ) = α : β ; K = π 4 ρd 2 , Obtain formula of reduction Vf:(K × Vs)=α: β; Density p=the 7.85g/cm of welding wire 3, diameter d=1.6mm, substitutes into and calculates K=15.78g/m.
Step 4, choosing wire feed rate Vs is 5m/min; Again by formula Vf:(K × Vs)=α: β, draw powder feeding rate Vf=52.6g/min;
Step 5, startup nitrogen arc and nitride 3D print the device of high nitrogen steel part, the coaxial conveyer of gas powder regulates powder feeding rate to be Vf, send nitrogen rate to be V gas 1, the wire feed rate of setting electrode gas shielded arc welding gun is Vs, and the protection gas speed regulating electrode gas shielded arc welding gun is V gas 2, the speed of supplying gas of two place's gases is 10L/min ~ 20L/min.Nitride alloy powder with 100% nitrogen transmission.Nitrogen arc is the electric arc under nitrogen atmosphere, and wherein nitrogen ginseng has the Ar of 5% ~ 10%, to guarantee that electric arc can striking and smooth combustion smoothly.And weld;
Step 6, determine 3D print path according to target height nitrogen steel part geomery, bonding speed v gets 58.3cm/min.Carry out built-up welding, when every one deck built-up welding is complete, welding gun is improved a thickness, repeated overlaying weldability process, finally superposed by 20 floor height nitrogen steel layer and form high nitrogen steel part.When high nitrogen steel 3D printing goods complete end welding, need first stop wire feed adding powder, and then stop supplying gas, to prevent dust explosion.

Claims (5)

1. utilize nitrogen arc and nitride 3D to print a device for high nitrogen steel part, it is characterized in that, comprising:
One electrode gas shielded arc welding gun (5);
The coaxial conveyer of one gas powder, be provided with electrode gas shielded arc welding gun (5) with axial screw gas powder cover (3) in it, in spiral gas powder cover (3), have the screw thread be fastenedly connected with electrode gas shielded arc welding gun (5);
In the coaxial conveyer of gas powder, outside spiral gas powder cover (3), be provided with the powder feeding plenum duct tangent with spiral gas powder cover (3) outer wall;
Described powder feeding plenum duct has air taking port (1) and powder feeding mouth (2);
The inwall of described spiral gas powder cover (3) has spiral gas powder groove (4).
2. the device utilizing nitrogen arc and nitride 3D to print high nitrogen steel part according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the structure of described spiral gas powder groove (4) is for becoming helical-varying pitch-variable section structure, described spiral gas powder groove (4) is half slot, groove diameter is 2mm ~ 8mm, reduces to bottom gradient from top; Lead angle is 0 ° ~ 60 °, and described spiral gas powder cover (3) adopts the manufacture of heat proof material SiC ceramic.
3. the device utilizing nitrogen arc and nitride 3D to print high nitrogen steel part according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described powder feeding mouth (1) and air taking port (2) are equipped with powder feeding speed regulator and gas flowmeter respectively.
4. the device utilizing nitrogen arc and nitride 3D to print high nitrogen steel part according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the gas powder outlet of described spiral gas powder cover (3) is in necking down shape, and the extended line in necking down face points to arc center.
5. the device utilizing nitrogen arc and nitride 3D to print high nitrogen steel part according to claim 1; it is characterized in that; described electrode gas shielded arc welding gun (5) nozzle heat proof material SiC ceramic manufactures, and the reach of described electrode gas shielded arc welding gun (5) outer wall processing is at least the twice of its diameter.
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CN107876948A (en) * 2017-11-20 2018-04-06 华中科技大学 A kind of increasing material manufacturing method of intermetallic compound part
CN108971494A (en) * 2018-09-12 2018-12-11 北京化工大学 It is a kind of filiform metal directly melt 3D printing molding machine and technique
CN109693019A (en) * 2017-10-20 2019-04-30 南京理工大学 A method of high-strength high hard stainless steel is prepared using silk material arc-melting
CN110193647A (en) * 2019-07-04 2019-09-03 湖北汽车工业学院 A kind of same welding gun sleeve sent of electric arc increasing material manufacturing silk-powder
EP3733326A1 (en) 2019-04-30 2020-11-04 Deutsche Edelstahlwerke Specialty Steel GmbH & Co. KG Method for producing a steel component with an additive production method
CN112404668A (en) * 2020-10-29 2021-02-26 南京理工大学 Powder feeding electric arc additive device and method for high-nitrogen steel
CN115401216A (en) * 2022-09-21 2022-11-29 华北理工大学 Method for preparing high-nitrogen stainless steel by selective laser melting of alloy over-mixed powder

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CN109693019A (en) * 2017-10-20 2019-04-30 南京理工大学 A method of high-strength high hard stainless steel is prepared using silk material arc-melting
CN107876948A (en) * 2017-11-20 2018-04-06 华中科技大学 A kind of increasing material manufacturing method of intermetallic compound part
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