CN105519348A - A culture medium stick-shaped cultivation method for lentinula edodes - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed is a culture medium stick-shaped cultivation method for lentinula edodes, wherein the formula comprises cotton-seed hulls 40%, mixed wood flour 35%, wheat bran 20%, maize flour 2%, gypsum powder 2%, and cane sugar 1%, the pH being 6.0-6.5, and the ratio of the raw materials to water being 1:1.22-1.27. The method comprises the steps of making sticks with a bagger, implanting strains after high pressure steam sterilization and ordinary pressure sterilization, placing the sticks into a spawn running room. Lentinula edodes can be cultivated through light adjustment, bud pressing and management.

Description

A kind of method for cultivating mushroom in stick shaped compost

A kind of method for cultivating mushroom in stick shaped compost

The formula of composts or fertilisers of cultivating: cotton seed hulls, 40 ~ 6, weed tree sawdust 35%, wheat bran 20%, corn flour 2%, land plaster 2%, sucrose 1%, pH value 6.0-6.5, material and the ratio of water be 1:1.22.1.27.

Composts or fertilisers of cultivating after stirring will carry out determination of moisture, and moisture content in medium should rest in 55%-57% and be advisable.

Water content is on the low side, and mycelial growth is slow, slim and frahile: water content is high, should become sour, cause living contaminants; As water content surpasses state 65%, then mycelial growth is obstructed.

Composts or fertilisers of cultivating moisture content computing formula: the water yield/siccative amount+water consumption=moisture content (%).Sense organ is determined as holds tight composts or fertilisers of cultivating, has water to overflow, but do not drip between webs.Agglomerating, throw charging heap and formed apart, land and namely fall apart.

Cultivation season preferably starts to make bacterium rod successively, to next year after the Beginning of Winter in late August " May Day " front fruiting.

Desirable cultivation place is heliogreenhouse.Relevant culture technique is described below.

One, bacterium rod makes

1. system rod is general produces 2000 rods daily with pack machine-made stick, needs a sack filling machine.Plastic barrel bag specification can adopt the low-pressure polyethylene Plastic barrel film (being suitable for atmospheric steam sterilizing) of 55 cm x 15 cm x 4 centimetres, the nearly l kilogram of every packed siccative.Install bag, be bonded at the composts or fertilisers of cultivating of sack with large size test-tube brush outwash, prick envelope with tearing film two pass reflexed simultaneously.Rod motion processed as far as possible degree of tightness is suitable for, and bacterium rod is too tight, and oxygen is not enough, and mycelial growth is slow or stagnate: bacterium rod is too loose, and bacterium rod easily shrinks, and ruptures.The elasticity of bacterium rod generally grasps pocket with the five fingers, and medium firmly have micro-pits to be a surname.Hand-held pocket significant depressions, two ends are sagging, and too pine is described.Finger force is pinched, and feels too strong, illustrates too tight.

2. sterilizing methods has high pressure steam sterilization and atmospheric steam sterilizing, and current rural area generally adopts the sterilizing of atmospheric steam sterilizing kitchen.Atmospheric steam sterilizing kitchen can use brick one-tenth, the general iron pan with Ho centimetre of bore (or claiming 70 prints).Drum is square, and specification designs on demand, and general drum internal volume is about 2 cubic metres.Sliding with cement troweling inside and outside drum.In drum, the disposing way of bacterium rod has two kinds, and one is that layer is apart from 50 centimetres, and every layer of dividing plate stacks 4 layers of bacterium rod, surrounding stays the space of 5 centimetres at drum inner-use clapboard by bacterium rod layered putting, is beneficial to vapor flow and condensate return in pot.Another kind is that then Turnround basket is deposited in drum, this mode passes in and out conveniently, and it is few that number of times moved by bacterium rod, can reduce breakage first with Turnround basket dress bacterium rod.

When sterilizing starts, firepower wants violent, requires at short notice that pot is boiled, in order to avoid cause composts or fertilisers of cultivating souring.Cold air to be discharged from blast pipe after boiling, then start timing when boiling, sterilizing more than 10 hours.Often hot water will be added, in case dryout pot in pot.

After sterilizing, take the dish out of the pot when kettle temperature is down to below 6012, bacterium rod is placed on through sterilization, clean, ventilate, spacious place, groined type arranges, and makes it cooling, dries the moisture on pocket surface simultaneously.

Two, the inoculation of bacterium rod

1. the sterilization of transfer room is that the miscellaneous bacteria reducing seeded process infects, and transfer room will inoculate the sterilizing that carries out disinfection in previous week.First, lime (cement flooring can not be removed) is removed on ground, then uses " Lysol " of 3% to carry out spraying disinfection.Before inoculation, all inoculating tools and bacterial classification, bacterium rod to be seeded are put into indoor, with airtight stifling more than 2 hours of potassium permanganate, formaldehyde, consumption was 5 grams, every cubic metre of space potassium permanganate, 10 milliliters of formaldehyde.For alleviating the impact of formaldehyde on health, after stifling sprayable 25% ~ 30% ammoniacal liquor (every cubic metre space 50 milliliters).The disinfectant of existing many high-efficiency low-toxicities replaces formaldehyde to carry out space disinfection, as aerial fog disinfectant etc. now.

2. must strictly be undertaken by sterile working code during sterile working inoculation.Inoculator must wear clothes clean, uses

The alcohol disinfecting both hands of 70% ~ 75%.The alcohol rub bacterium rod inoculating surfaces of 75% is first used, then with the iron of diameter 15 cm or wooden be solidly drilled in that bacterium is excellent equidistantly makes a call to 4 ~ 5 caves when starting to inoculate.After beating cave, rapid inoculator or manual tightly being clamp-oned by bacterial classification are inoculated in hole; Make bacterium cave and bacterial classification closely identical, do not stay gap, bacterial classification is in face, cave microprotrusion.Such mushroom mycelium one is sprouted, and just inoculation mouth can be sealed, prevent miscellaneous bacteria from endangering.With the Special adhesive plaster of 3.25x3.25 centimetre or medical adhesive fabric width cave mouth after inoculation.If not high temperature season inoculation, after inoculation, cave mouth can be sealed without adhesive plaster.Generally every bag of bacterial classification can connect 20 ", " 25 rods.During inoculation, action is wanted rapidly, and inoculum concentration wants foot, and transfer room avoids personnel walk about and mutually talk as far as possible, with obstruction free effect of inoculation.

Three, hair tube reason

After inoculation, bacterium rod will put human hair bacterium room.Sending out bacterium room, also will to be selected in reducing temperature of heatstroke prevention condition good, is easy to ventilation, totally clean part.The place easily got damp again in ground should not adopt.Send out bacterium room also will to carry out disinfection before use sterilizing, its method is identical with above-mentioned transfer room method for disinfection and sterilization.

At present, transfer room and a bacterium room are integrated by some mushroom agriculture, and namely after inoculation, bacterium rod just sends out bacterium in transfer room, can reduce like this and infect because moving the miscellaneous bacteria caused.After inoculation, bacterium rod is with " well " word or the arrangement of " " shape, and every layer 4 or 3 rods, stack 8 ~ 10 layers, often leaves certain distance between heap.After inoculation, in l0 days, bacterium rod is not generally moved, in order to avoid affect the sprouting of mycelia and cause infection.

Send out bacterium room to the requirement of environmental condition; The first, send out bacterium room temperature and preferably control at 20 ~ 25 DEG C, in bacterium rod, temperature must not more than 25 DEG C.The second, the relative moisture sending out space, bacterium room will control between 55% ~ 65%, and overdrying, mistake are wet unfavorable to sending out bacterium.3rd, send out mattress room and will keep well-ventilated all the time, to carry out gas exchanges.

4th, send out bacterium room light and want dark, will carry out sending out bacterium in the environment of unglazed or low-light and cultivate.

Send out bacterium after 10 days, if find to have in bacterium rod when temperature is more than more than 25 DEG C in pollution or bacterium rod, turning be carried out, take out contaminated bacteria rod gently, isolate with culturing room as early as possible, with decreasing pollution source.After turning, putting of bacterium rod highly wants suitable lower, is beneficial to cooling.

As long as do not find that in whole bacterium process in pollution, bacterium rod, temperature is not high, just not turning, more turning opportunities for contamination is more.Here be also pointed out that to be Lentnus edodes start from pack, to sterilizing, inoculation, send out bacterium process, bacterium rod of all will handling with care, handles with care, does not drag and do not grind, and avoiding people for staving the excellent plastic sack of bacterium, polluting.

Under normal circumstances, bacterium rod about 20 days, on bacterium rod, the colony diameter in bacterium cave can reach 8 ~ l0 centimetre.

Oxygen in this H cun of bacterium rod reduces in a large number, and mycelial growth rate is slack-off gradually, or stops growing.In order to increase oxygen, must " fold " adhesive plaster (namely tear adhesive plaster folding stay a duck eye), promote that mycelia accelerates growth.

Four, bacterium rod open bag and grand style

When bacterium rod sends out bacterium 40 in indoor, " after-50 days, mycelia has covered with bacterium rod substantially, at this moment will increase logical light quantity gradually.During by about 60 days, bacterium rod has protuberance occur, and secrete brown pigment gradually, at this moment mycelia full maturity, can take off a bag grand style.

De-bag preferably selects the calm cloudy day to carry out, and mainly prevents the dehydration of bacterium rod.Lightly plastic sack is scratched with blade during de-bag and tear.After de-bag, bacterium rod is thrown on the bedstead of booth, rod apart from 3 centimetres, "-80 inclinations angle spent that become 70 with bed surface.And require on the mattress rod film cover after de-bag, in order to moisturizing.

Five, annesl manages and urges flower bud

After xianggu stick opens bag grand style, because light strengthens, oxygen is sufficient, and humidity increases, after several days, bacterium rod surface grows white fluffy mycelia gradually, at this moment will lift film every day 2 times, increase film humidity poor, allow bacterium rod contact with dry air, force fine hair mycelia to lodge, form mycoderm.Mycelia secretes a kind of brown pigment simultaneously, making mycoderm dark by fading gradually, being called " annesl ".This is that mycelial growth grows the normal mark with mycelia maturation.

To xianggu stick fruiting sooner or later, the tide of mushroom, the height of output, the quality of quality has close relationship to the quality of annesl.

To control 20 " between v25 DEG C at annesl stage temperature of shed.Humidity should control about 85%, and it is tack-free that hand touches bacterium rod.Humidity is too little, and bacterium rod dry tack free not easily annesl, requires well-ventilated in canopy simultaneously, have stronger scattered light.

While carrying out annesl management, if environmental condition is applicable to, fruit body primordium synchronously can occur when annesl manages.

Through the bacterium rod of normal annesl, carry out urging flower bud to urge mushroom.Mushroom is alternating temperature fecundity mushroom class, and under constant temperature, the former base of mushroom can not be formed all the time, and this is determined by the biological property of mushroom.Only have and stimulated by alternating temperature, just can carry out reproductive growth.So cold warm warm, dry wet, secretly light only facilitate the important means of fruit-body formation.

Urge the mushroom stage urging flower bud and will widen temperature difference in canopy by every means, preferably have the temperature difference of more than 10 DEG C round the clock.Humidity remains on 85% ~ 90% as well.Touch its bacterium rod surface with the back of the hand, be advisable with soft feel not needle-holding hand.Still require well-ventilated in canopy and give sufficient scattered light.

Six, the management after fruit body generation

Management after fruit body occurs, will carry out round warm, wet, these four factors of light, gas.

To reduce as much as possible during fruiting in summer temperature of shed, autumn fruiting natural temperature more suitable, will manage insulation winter in fruiting canopy, the temperature range of mushroom growth should control between 15 ~ 25 DEG C in a word, is too high or too low for temperaturely all unfavorable for mushroom growth.

At the Growth of Fruit-bodies In Lentinus Edodes initial stage, in canopy, the relative moisture in space is advisable with 90%, and after mushroom lid diameter is greater than stem diameter, humidity is advisable with 80% ~ 85%, and this is to the quality improving mushroom, particularly very large to the thickening meaning of cap.

Increasing ventilates can reduce the generation of misshapen mushroom, if improper ventilation in canopy, mushroom lid can not well launch, and mushroom handle becomes loose deformity, loses commodity value.Ventilating with moisturizing is conflict, and grower as the case may be, can handle the relation of ventilating with moisturizing well.

Mushroom growth is grown needs certain scattered light, and insufficient light, mushroom lid brown of light color and even yellow-gray, also can cause mushroom handle to elongate, and reduces commodity value.The intensity of illumination reading newspaper in general canopy is smoothly just enough.

By the control of above-mentioned temperature, humidity.The adjustment of ventilation and the induction of scattered light, former base just can be grown up smoothly, occurs to gather to the first damp mushroom maturation generally to need 4 ~ 7 days from former base.

First damp mushroom gather after mattress rod water content reduce, notice that moisturizing is ventilated again, impel mycelia to recover, accumulate nutrition.After one week, when adopt mushroom vestige mycelia start from time, bacterium rod can carry out spraying water or soaking or water flood treatment, widens the temperature difference in canopy, induction the second damp fruit body formation.After every damp mushroom is gathered, bacterium rod all to be allowed to recover mycelial growth, after accumulation nutrient, then carry out breaking the management that flower bud urgees mushroom and sporophore growth growth.

Bacterium rod immersion method conventional in production and water-filling method be respectively:

1. soak method choice fine day, swings in pond, compacting, prevent from floating by bacterium rod.With clean cold water during immersion, pulled out when the water content of bacterium rod reaches 60% ~ 65%, on culturing rack, grand style carries out management of producing mushroom again.

2. mister head is adapted as 4 little jet pipes by water-filling method, connects plastic tube respectively, other end docking injection rod (4 millimeters, footpath, long 35 centimetres of hollow bar, are drilled with 20 pores).4 injection rod inserted respectively in bacterium rod, utilize the pressure water flooding of sprayer, this method is widely adopted at present.

Claims (1)

1. a method for cultivating mushroom in stick shaped compost, is characterized in that the proportioning according to various raw material, and system rod, sterilizing, inoculation, a bacterium, light adjust, urge flower bud and management operation.