CN105514460B - 一种高导电率金属双极板的高效轧制成形工艺 - Google Patents

一种高导电率金属双极板的高效轧制成形工艺 Download PDF

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CN105514460B
CN105514460B CN201511019234.1A CN201511019234A CN105514460B CN 105514460 B CN105514460 B CN 105514460B CN 201511019234 A CN201511019234 A CN 201511019234A CN 105514460 B CN105514460 B CN 105514460B
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王开坤
马春梅
付金龙
李孝威
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University of Science and Technology Beijing USTB
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21BROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B1/00Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21BROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B1/00Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
    • B21B1/22Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21BROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B1/00Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
    • B21B1/22Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length
    • B21B1/24Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length in a continuous or semi-continuous process
    • B21B1/28Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length in a continuous or semi-continuous process by cold-rolling, e.g. Steckel cold mill
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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    • H01M4/86Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
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    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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    • H01M4/88Processes of manufacture
    • H01M4/8875Methods for shaping the electrode into free-standing bodies, like sheets, films or grids, e.g. moulding, hot-pressing, casting without support, extrusion without support
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21BROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B1/00Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
    • B21B1/22Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length
    • B21B2001/221Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length by cold-rolling
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种高导电率金属双极板的高效轧制成形工艺,将厚度为0.3~1mm退火态基材,采用微型纵列式孔型冷轧机组,经过3~15个道次,轧制到目标厚度0.1~0.2mm;轧制力为500~1000kN,道次变形量为5%~30%,轧制前后具有张力控制,出口张力为入口张力的1~1.5倍;在轧制前,先让轧机空转5~10min,使轧机进入较为稳定的工作状态,然后调整到相应的辊缝值,设置轧机稳定轧制速度为0.05~1m/s。本发明有益效果是:该工艺是利用金属板为基材,采用冷轧工艺加工燃料电池金属双极板,加工简单,易于大批量生产,制造费用大幅度降低,生产效率高、成材率高、能耗低。

Description

一种高导电率金属双极板的高效轧制成形工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及一种高导电率金属双极板的轧制成形工艺,属于金属材料制备加工技术领域,特别提供了一种金属双极板的高效制备加工工艺方法。
背景技术
质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)除具有燃料电池的一般特点(如能量转化率高、环境友好等)外,同时具有可在室温快速启动、寿命长、比功率和比能量高等特点,用途十分广泛,可以用作一切车、船等运载工具的动力系统,也可以作为发电系统用作底面固定式发电站、可移动电源等,已成为世界各国研究的热点之一;双极板是将PEMFC单电池串联起来组成电池对堆的关键部件,对于电池的成本和性能有着重要影响,主要用于分隔氧化剂和还原剂、收集输送电流、使生成的水能顺利的流出、确保电池堆的温度分布均匀。当前制备双极板的材料主要包括石墨、金属和复合材料等,金属材料以其固有的高电导率和热导率、耐高温、气密性好、好强度、容易加工等优点,成为最佳的双极板材料。
目前,国内外针对金属双极板制备成形工艺相关报道较少,主要有:
上海交通大学发明的一种基于辊压成形的双极板制造方法,能实现单极板流道辊压成形、双极板连接的集成及在一条生产线多个连续工位的制造工艺,生产效率较高。但是辊压时,接触面积变小,压力不均匀,辊子制备难度大,双极板成形精度差,而且破坏了原有材料的形变织构,使材料导电率降低;台湾元智大学研究电化学刻蚀成形工艺得出在电极上覆盖一层绝缘层对于减小扩散电流密度有重要影响的结论,但该工艺效率较低,而且成形的流道表面光洁度不高,需要后续处理;美国弗吉利亚联邦大学研制出的液压胀形与压力焊成形工艺能在一个工步上完成阴阳极板的液压胀形和焊接成形,但只适用于阴、阳极板对称的情况;日本东北大学材料研究所研究的对镍基金属玻璃在过冷状态下采用热压铸成形工艺,此工艺技术含量较高,不易于标准化生产操作;此外,机加工和激光加工等方法也可制备金属双极板,但该方法耗时长、成本高;冲压成形的方法可降低金属双极板的加工成本,但是对薄金属双极板来说,容易出现颈缩、拉伸、变薄和随之发生的破裂,很难满足其对通道强度和深度的要求。
综上所述,目前制备金属双极板的工艺方法均具有一定的局限性,开发一种易于实现大规模生产的轻型、薄型双极板对于提高电堆比功率,降低生产成本,进而推动PEMFC商业化具有重要意义。
发明内容
为解决上述全部或部分问题,本发明提供了一种高导电率金属双极板的轧制成形工艺,该工艺是利用金属板为基材,采用冷轧工艺加工燃料电池金属双极板,加工简单,易于大批量生产,制造费用大幅度降低,生产效率高、成材率高、能耗低,而且可以很好的保持材料的形变织构,提高材料的导电率。
本发明提供的一种高导电率金属双极板的轧制成形工艺:将厚度为0.3~1mm退火态基材,采用微型纵列式孔型冷轧机组,经过3~15个道次,轧制到目标厚度0.1~0.2mm;轧制力为500~1000kN,道次变形量为5%~30%,轧制前后具有张力控制,出口张力为入口张力的1~1.5倍;在轧制前,先让轧机空转5~10min,使轧机进入较为稳定的工作状态,然后调整到相应的辊缝值,设置轧机稳定轧制速度为0.05~1m/s。
所述轧制金属双极板的退火态基材选用奥氏体不锈钢、钛材、钛合金材、铝材或铝合金材。
所述轧制金属双极板的退火态基材宽度为100~300mm。
所述微型纵列式孔型冷轧机组的上轧辊具有外凸形状,下轧辊具有对应的内凹形状,上下轧辊闭合形成金属双极板的形状。
本发明相对于现有技术,具有如下的优点及效果:
(1)本发明提供了一种高导电率金属双极板的轧制成形工艺,采用轧制技术加工流场通道,其加工工艺简单,易于大批量生产,制造费用大幅度降低;
(2)通过轧制工艺加工金属双极板,可以使基材组织致密,力学性能得到改善。
附图说明
图1为本发明轧制金属双极板结构示意图;
图2为本发明中轧辊结构示意图;
图3为本发明中轧制最后一道工序轧辊与基材接触示意图。
图中附图标记表示为:1-上轧辊,2-基材,3-下轧辊。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的技术方案作进一步描述。
实施例1
如图1所示,金属双极板尺寸为:槽宽0.6mm,槽深0.4mm,厚度0.1mm,如图2所示,基材选用退火态304奥氏体不锈钢,宽度100mm,厚度0.3mm,采用微型纵列式孔型冷轧机组进行轧制,首先,先让轧机空转8min,使轧机进入较为稳定的工作状态,然后调整到相应的辊缝值,设置轧机稳定轧制速度为0.5m/s,导卫装置调整好后,将不锈钢带材借助导卫装置送入轧机进行9机架连续轧制,轧制力为600kN,道次变形量控制在5%~30%,道次变形量逐级递减,出口张力为入口张力的1.2倍。
实施例2
如图1所示,金属双极板尺寸为:槽宽0.6mm,槽深0.4mm,厚度0.15mm,如图2所示,基材选用退火态铝合金,宽度100mm,厚度0.5mm,采用微型纵列式孔型冷轧机组进行轧制,首先,先让轧机空转5min,使轧机进入较为稳定的工作状态,然后调整到相应的辊缝值,设置轧机稳定轧制速度为0.3m/s,导卫装置调整好后,将不锈钢带材借助导卫装置送入轧机进行5机架连续轧制,轧制力为600kN,道次变形量控制在5%~30%,道次变形量逐级递减,出口张力为入口张力的1.1倍。
实施例3
如图1所示,金属双极板尺寸为:槽宽0.6mm,槽深0.4mm,厚度0.2mm,如图2所示,基材选用退火态钛合金,宽度100mm,厚度1mm,采用微型纵列式孔型冷轧机组进行轧制,首先,先让轧机空转8min,使轧机进入较为稳定的工作状态,然后调整到相应的辊缝值,设置轧机稳定轧制速度为0.2m/s,导卫装置调整好后,将不锈钢带材借助导卫装置送入轧机进行11机架连续轧制,轧制力为1000kN,道次变形量控制在5%~30%,道次变形量逐级递减,出口张力为入口张力的1.4倍。

Claims (3)

1.一种金属双极板的轧制成形工艺,其特征在于:将厚度为0.3~1mm退火态基材,采用微型纵列式孔型冷轧机组,经过3~15个道次,轧制到目标厚度0.1~0.2mm,所述微型纵列式孔型冷轧机组的上轧辊具有外凸形状,下轧辊具有对应的内凹形状,上下轧辊闭合形成金属双极板的形状;轧制力为500~1000kN,道次变形量为5%~30%,轧制前后具有张力控制,出口张力为入口张力的1~1.5倍;在轧制前,先让轧机空转5~10min,使轧机进入较为稳定的工作状态,然后调整到相应的辊缝值,设置轧机稳定轧制速度为0.05~1m/s。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种金属双极板的轧制成形工艺,其特征在于:所述轧制金属双极板的退火态基材选用奥氏体不锈钢、钛材、钛合金材、铝材或铝合金材。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种金属双极板的轧制成形工艺,其特征在于:所述轧制金属双极板的退火态基材宽度为100~300mm。
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