CN105492419A - 基于烷氧基化甘油或三羟甲基丙烷的醚胺 - Google Patents
基于烷氧基化甘油或三羟甲基丙烷的醚胺 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105492419A CN105492419A CN201480047370.9A CN201480047370A CN105492419A CN 105492419 A CN105492419 A CN 105492419A CN 201480047370 A CN201480047370 A CN 201480047370A CN 105492419 A CN105492419 A CN 105492419A
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- Prior art keywords
- ether amine
- glycerine
- trimethylolpropane
- oxyalkylene
- tmp
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- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
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Abstract
本发明涉及基于甘油或三羟甲基丙烷的式(I)的醚胺及其制造方法,其中R=H或乙基,k=0或1,A表示具有C2-C18碳原子的线性或支化亚烷基,A可以彼此相同或不同,至少一个A表示线性或支化C4亚烷基,x、y和z的总和为3-100,x≥1,y≥1且z≥1,Z=NH2或OH,但每分子至少两个Z为NH2。
Description
本发明涉及基于甘油或三羟甲基丙烷的醚胺,其中该醚胺含有至少一个线性或支化C4亚烷基。
由于由合成纤维制成的易护理织物越来越流行以及不断增长的能源成本和洗涤剂用户的生态关切提高,曾经流行的热水洗涤现已退回到在冷水中洗涤织物。许多市售衣用洗涤剂甚至打广告称适合在40℃或30℃或甚至室温下洗涤织物。为了在该低温下实现令人满意的洗涤结果—结果与使用热水洗涤得到的那些相当,对低温洗涤剂的要求尤其高。
已知将某些添加剂引入洗涤剂组合物中以提高常规表面活性剂的去垢能力,从而在60℃和60℃以下的温度下改善油污的去除。
还持续需要从织物和其他染污材料去除油污的清洁组合物,因为油污去除具有挑战性的污渍。涉及去油的常规清洁组合物通常利用倾向于对白度显示出强烈不利影响的各种胺化合物。因此仍然持续需要提供从织物和其他染污材料提供改善的去油且同时不会不利地影响粘土清洁的改进胺组合物。这些胺组合物还应具有合适的毒理学特性,以便可以将它们用于家庭应用中。
DE1643426A1描述了一种制造聚氧化烯多胺的方法,其中使具有3-8个羟基的多元醇与C1-C18氧化烯反应并随后在催化剂存在下胺化。
EP1502913A1描述了一种通过使聚氧化烯三醇与氨和氢气在催化剂存在下接触而生产聚氧化烯三胺的方法。该聚氧化烯三醇含有具有2-6个碳原子的亚烷基。
WO01/76729A2涉及一种包含每分子具有至少两个胺基的多功能聚醚胺的组合物,其中该聚醚胺含有具有2和3个碳原子的亚烷基。
US4,609,683描述了通过使芳族异氰酸酯与聚氧化烯三胺和靛红酸酐反应而制备的半预聚物。
本发明的目的是要提供改善洗涤剂在低温下,即在低至30℃或甚至更低下的洗涤性能的化合物。
该目的由式(I)的醚胺实现:
其中
R=H或乙基,k=0或1,
A表示具有C2-C18碳原子的线性或支化亚烷基,
A可以彼此相同或不同,
至少一个A表示线性或支化C4亚烷基,
x、y和z的总和为3-100,
x≥1,y≥1且z≥1,
Z=NH2或OH,但每分子至少两个Z为NH2,优选Z为NH2。
在优选实施方案中,至少三个A表示线性或支化C4亚烷基,在另一优选实施方案中,所有A基团表示线性或支化C4亚烷基。
优选x、y和z的总和为3-30,甚至更优选3-10,甚至更优选5-10。
式(I)的醚胺通过一种包括下列步骤的方法得到:
a)使甘油或1,1,1-三羟甲基丙烷与C4氧化烯和任选C2-C18氧化烯反应,其中甘油与C4氧化烯的摩尔比为1:3-1:10,
b)用氨胺化烷氧基化甘油。
烷氧基化
在优选实施方案中,甘油或1,1,1-三羟甲基丙烷与C2-C18氧化烯,尤其是氧化丁烯的摩尔比为1:3-1:6。
烷氧基化三醇通过使甘油或1,1,1-三羟甲基丙烷与氧化烯反应而得到并且可以根据本领域已知的通用烷氧基化程序进行。
烷氧基化甘油或1,1,1-三羟甲基丙烷可以通过使甘油或1,1,1-三羟甲基丙烷与氧化烯反应而以已知方式制备。合适的氧化烯是C2-C18氧化烯如氧化乙烯、氧化丙烯、氧化丁烯、氧化戊烯、氧化己烯、氧化癸烯、氧化十二碳烯等。
优选C2-C18氧化烯为氧化乙烯、氧化丙烯或其混合物。
使甘油或1,1,1-三羟甲基丙烷与单一一种氧化烯或两种或更多种不同氧化烯的组合反应。使用两种或更多种不同氧化烯,所得烷氧基化物可以作为嵌段状结构或无规结构得到。
在进行烷氧基化反应时甘油或1,1,1-三羟甲基丙烷与C4氧化烯和任选C2-C18氧化烯的摩尔比为1:3-1:10,优选1:3-1:6。在另一实施方案中,在进行烷氧基化反应时甘油或1,1,1-三羟甲基丙烷与C4氧化烯和任选C2-C18氧化烯的摩尔比为1:5-1:10。
该反应通常在催化剂存在下在水溶液中在约70-200℃,优选约80-160℃的反应温度下进行。该反应可以在至多约10巴,尤其是至多约8巴的压力下进行。
合适催化剂的实例是碱性催化剂,如碱金属和碱土金属氢氧化物如氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾和氢氧化钙,碱金属醇盐,尤其是钠和钾的C1-C4醇盐,如甲醇钠、乙醇钠和叔丁醇钾,碱金属和碱土金属氢化物如氢化钠和氢化钙,以及碱金属碳酸盐如碳酸钠和碳酸钾。优选碱金属氢氧化物,特别优选氢氧化钾和氢氧化钠。该碱的典型用量基于聚亚烷基亚胺和氧化烯的总量为0.05-10重量%,尤其是0.1-2重量%。
胺化
胺化在含铜、镍或钴催化剂存在下进行。
催化剂的催化活性材料在其用氢气还原之前包含铝、铜、镍和钴的含氧化合物以及0.2-5.0重量%以SnO计算的锡的含氧化合物。
式(I)的醚胺通过在氢气和含镍催化剂存在下用氨还原性胺化烷氧基化甘油或1,1,1-三羟甲基丙烷而得到。合适的催化剂描述于WO2011/067199A1和WO2011/067200A1以及EP0696572B1中。优选的催化剂是负载型含铜、镍和钴催化剂,其中催化剂的催化活性材料在其用氢气还原之前包含铜、镍和钴的含氧化合物以及0.2-5.0重量%以SnO计算的锡的含氧化合物。其他优选的催化剂是负载型含铜、镍和钴催化剂,其中催化剂的催化活性材料在其用氢气还原之前包含铝、铜、镍、钴和锡的含氧化合物以及0.2-5.0重量%各自分别以Y2O3、La2O3、Ce2O3和Hf2O3计算的钇、镧、铈和/或铪的含氧化合物。另一优选的催化剂是锆、铜、镍催化剂,其中催化活性组合物包含20-85重量%以ZrO2计算的锆的含氧化合物,1-30重量%以CuO计算的铜的含氧化合物,30-70重量%以NiO计算的镍的含氧化合物,0.1-5重量%分别以Al2O3和MnO2计算的铝和/或锰的含氧化合物。
对于还原性胺化步骤可以使用负载型以及非负载型催化剂。负载型催化剂例如通过使用本领域众所周知的技术将催化剂组合物的金属组分沉积于本领域熟练技术人员已知的载体材料上而得到,载体材料包括但不限于已知形式的氧化铝、硅石、木炭、碳、石墨、粘土、丝光沸石;以及分子筛,以提供负载型催化剂。当将该催化剂负载时,该催化剂的载体颗粒可以任何几何形状,例如球形,规则或不规则形式的片或圆柱体。
该方法可以以连续或不连续模式例如在高压釜、管式反应器或固定床反应器中进行。反应器设计也并不非常重要。其进料可以是上向流或下向流,并且可以在反应器中使用使反应器中的活塞流最优的设计特征。
在胺化反应条件下可能形成含有仲或叔氨基官能团的副产物。仲胺例如由完全或部分胺化的二醇与另一完全和/或部分胺化的二醇反应而得到。叔胺例如经由仲胺与另一完全或部分胺化的二醇反应而形成。
胺化度为67-100%,最优选85-100%。
胺化度由总胺值(AZ)除以总可乙酰化物值(AC)和叔胺值(tert.AZ)之和并乘以100而计算(总AZ×100/(AC+tert.AZ))。
总胺值(AZ)根据DIN16945测定。
总可乙酰化物值(AC)根据DIN53240测定。
仲和叔胺根据ASTMD2074-07测定。
羟值由(总可乙酰化物值+叔胺值)-总胺值计算。
在另一优选实施方案中,本发明醚胺还可以进一步与酸反应。该酸可以选自柠檬酸、乳酸、硫酸、甲磺酸、氯化氢、磷酸、甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、戊酸、草酸、琥珀酸、己二酸、癸二酸、戊二酸、葡糖二酸、酒石酸、苹果酸、苯甲酸、水杨酸、邻苯二甲酸、油酸、硬脂酸及其混合物。在替换实施方案中,本发明醚胺可以以质子化形式具有表面活性剂作为抗衡离子,正如例如由线性烷基苯磺酸得到的那样。
应用:
本发明醚胺混合物可以用于个人护理,尤其是用于洗发剂和沐浴配制剂以及清洁组合物中。
它们还可以用作环氧树脂固化剂或者在聚合物生产中用作反应物,但还可以用于聚氨酯、聚脲、环氧树脂、聚酰胺中。
已经证明本发明醚胺对于由染污材料除去污渍,特别是油污是有效的。具有本发明醚胺的清洁组合物也没有用于亲水性可漂白污渍,如咖啡、茶、酒的常规胺清洁组合物,或颗粒物所见到的清洁负面效果。额外地,对于由白色织物去污,具有本发明醚胺的清洁组合物不会引起市售胺清洁组合物所引起的白度负面效果。
包含本发明醚胺的清洁组合物的另一优点是其能够在冷水清洁溶液中去除油污并随后冷水洗涤。不受理论限制,冷水溶液具有引起油脂硬化或固化的效果,从而使得油脂更耐去除,尤其是从织物上去除。然而,具有式(I)的醚胺混合物的清洁组合物当用于冷水清洁中时惊人地有效。
本文所用短语“清洁组合物”包括设计用于清洁染污材料的组合物和配制剂。该类组合物包括但不限于洗衣清洁组合物和洗涤剂,织物软化组合物,织物增强组合物,织物清新组合物,洗衣用预洗剂,洗衣用预处理剂,洗衣添加剂,喷雾产品,干洗剂或组合物,洗衣漂洗剂,洗涤添加剂,后漂洗织物处理剂,熨烫助剂,单位剂量配制剂,延迟释放配制剂,液体手动餐具洗涤组合物,含于多孔基材或非织造片上或其中的洗涤剂,自动餐具洗涤剂,硬表面清洁剂以及鉴于本文的教导对本领域熟练人员明了的其他合适形式。该类组合物可以用作洗涤前处理剂、洗涤后处理剂,可以在洗衣操作的漂洗或洗涤循环过程中加入,或者用于家庭护理清洁应用。清洁组合物可以呈选自液体、粉末、单相或多相单位剂量、袋、片、凝胶、糊、条或碎片的形式。
本文所述清洁组合物可以基于该组合物包括约0.1-10重量%,在某些实例中约0.2-5重量%,以及在其他实例中约0.5-3重量%的式I的醚胺。
表面活性剂体系
清洁组合物以足以提供所需清洁性能的量包含表面活性剂体系。在一些实施方案中,该清洁组合物基于该组合物重量包含约1-70%表面活性剂体系。在其他实施方案中,该液体清洁组合物基于该组合物重量包含约2-60%表面活性剂体系。在其他实施方案中,该清洁组合物基于该组合物重量包含约5-30%表面活性剂体系。该表面活性剂体系可以包含选自阴离子表面活性剂、非离子表面活性剂、阳离子表面活性剂、两性离子表面活性剂、两性离子表面活性剂、两性表面活性剂及其混合物的去污表面活性剂。本领域普通技术人员将理解去污表面活性剂包括对染污材料提供清洁、去污或洗涤益处的任何表面活性剂或表面活性剂混合物。
附属清洁添加剂
本发明的清洁组合物还可以含有附属清洁添加剂。合适的附属清洁添加剂包括助洗剂、结构化剂或增稠剂,粘土去污/抗再沉积剂,聚合物去污剂,聚合物分散剂,聚合物油脂清洁剂,酶,酶稳定体系,漂白化合物,漂白剂,漂白活性剂,漂白催化剂,增白剂,染料,调色剂,染料转移抑制剂,螯合剂,抑泡剂,软化剂和香料。
使用方法
本发明包括清洁染污材料的方法。正如本领域熟练技术人员所理解的那样,本发明的清洁组合物适合用于洗衣预处理应用、洗衣清洁应用和家庭护理应用。
该类方法包括但不限于使清洁组合物以纯净形式或者以稀释在洗涤液中的形式与至少一部分染污材料接触并随后任选漂洗染污材料的步骤。染污材料可以在任选的漂洗步骤之前进行洗涤步骤。
为了用于洗衣预处理应用,该方法可以包括使本文所述清洁组合物与染污织物接触。在预处理之后,可以将染污织物在洗衣机中洗涤或者漂洗。
机器洗衣方法可以包括用洗涤水溶液在其中溶解或分散了有效量的本发明机洗清洁组合物的洗衣机中处理染污衣物。“有效量”的清洁组合物是指约20-300g溶解或分散于体积约5-65L的洗涤溶液中的产品。水温可以为约5-100℃。水与染污材料(例如织物)之比可以为约1:1-20:1。就织物洗涤组合物而言,使用水平还可以不仅随污物和污渍的类型和严重程度而变化,而且随洗涤水温、洗涤水量和洗衣机类型(例如顶装、前装、顶装、立式日本式自动洗衣机)而变化。
本文的清洁组合物可以用于在降低的洗涤温度下洗涤织物。这些洗涤织物的方法包括衣物清洁组合物送入水中以形成洗涤液并将洗涤织物加入所述洗涤液中的步骤,其中该洗涤液具有0℃以上至约30℃,或0℃以上至约25℃,或0℃以上至约15℃的温度。该织物可以在衣物清洁组合物与水接触之前或之后或与其同时与水接触。
另一方法包括使浸渍了清洁组合物的实施方案的非织造基材与染污材料接触。本文所用“非织造基材”可以包括具有合适定量、网厚(厚度)、吸收度和强度特性的任何传统设计非织造片或网。合适市售非织造基材的非限制性实例包括以商标名由DuPont销售和以商标名由JamesRiverCorp销售的那些。
还包括手洗方法以及组合的手洗和半自动洗衣机。
机器洗餐具方法
包括机器洗或手洗染污餐具、食器、银器或其他炊具的方法。一种机器洗餐具的方法包括用其中溶解或分散了有效量的本发明机器洗餐具组合物的含水液处理染污餐具、食器、银器或其他炊具。有效量的机器洗餐具组合物是指约8-60g溶解或分散于体积约3-10L的洗涤溶液中的产品。
一种手洗餐具的方法包括将清洁组合物溶于含有水的容器中,然后使染污餐具、食器、银器或其他炊具与餐具洗涤液接触,然后用手刷洗、擦抹或漂洗染污餐具、食器、银器或其他炊具。另一手洗餐具的方法包括直接将清洁组合物施用于染污餐具、食器、银器或其他炊具,然后用手刷洗、擦抹或漂洗染污餐具、食器、银器或其他炊具。在一些实例中,手洗餐具用有效量的清洁组合物为约0.5-20ml,稀释在水中。
组合物包装
本文所述清洁组合物可以包装在任何合适的容器中,容器包括由纸张、卡纸板、塑料和任何合适的层压材料构成的那些。任选的包装类型描述于欧洲申请号94921505.7中。
多隔室袋装添加剂
本文所述清洁组合物还可以包装成多隔室清洁组合物。
合成实施例
在实施例中使用下列缩写:
BuO氧化丁烯
PO氧化丙烯
实施例1:1mol甘油+3molBuO+3molPO,胺化
a)1mol甘油+3molBuO+3molPO
在3.5L高压釜中混合95.0g甘油和1.0g叔丁醇钾。将高压釜用氮气吹扫3次并加热至140℃。在90分钟内加入223.0g氧化丁烯。将该混合物在140℃下后反应5小时。然后在1小时内分批加入179.7g氧化丙烯。为了使该反应完全,将该混合物在140℃下后反应另外3小时。将反应混合物用氮气汽提并在80℃下真空除去挥发性化合物。通过加入4.9g合成硅酸镁(MacrosorbMP5plus,IneosSilicasLtd.)除去催化剂,在100℃下搅拌2小时并过滤。
得到黄色油状物(490.0g,羟值:314.5mgKOH/g)。
b)1mol甘油+3molBuO+3molPO,胺化
在9L高压釜中将350mL来自实施例1-a的所得三醇混合物、1200mLTHF和1500g氨在200mL如EP0696572B1所述的固体催化剂存在下混合。该含镍、钴、铜、钼和锆的催化剂呈3×3mm片形式。将高压釜用氢气吹扫并通过加热高压釜而开始反应。将反应混合物在205℃下搅拌15小时,通过在整个还原性胺化步骤过程中吹扫氢气而将总压维持为280巴。在冷却高压釜之后将最终产物收集、过滤、排出过量氨并在旋转蒸发器中汽提以除去轻质胺和水。总共回收350-400g低色值醚胺混合物。其分析结果示于表1中。
表1.实施例1的醚胺的分析结果
实施例2:1mol甘油+3molPO+3molBuO,胺化
a)1mol甘油+3molPO+3molBuO
在3.5L高压釜中混合88.1g甘油和0.9g叔丁醇钾。将高压釜用氮气吹扫3次并加热至140℃。在1小时内加入166.6g氧化丙烯。将该混合物在140℃下后反应3小时。然后在1小时内分批加入206.8g氧化丁烯。为了使该反应完全,将该混合物在140℃下后反应另外3小时。将反应混合物用氮气汽提并在80℃下真空除去挥发性化合物。通过加入4.4gMacrosorbMP5plus除去催化剂,在100℃下搅拌2小时并过滤。
得到黄色油(410.0g,羟值:336.5mgKOH/g)。
b)1mol甘油+3molPO+3molBuO,胺化
在9L高压釜中将350mL来自实施例2-a的所得三醇混合物、1200mLTHF和1500g氨在200mL如EP0696572B1所述的固体催化剂存在下混合。该含镍、钴、铜、钼和锆的催化剂呈3×3mm片形式。将高压釜用氢气吹扫并通过加热高压釜而开始反应。将反应混合物在205℃下搅拌15小时,通过在整个还原性胺化步骤过程中吹扫氢气而将总压维持为280巴。在冷却高压釜之后将最终产物收集、过滤、排出过量氨并在旋转蒸发器中汽提以除去轻质胺和水。总共回收300-350g低色值醚胺混合物。其分析结果示于表2中。
表2.实施例2的醚胺的分析结果
实施例3:1mol甘油+6molBuO,aminated
a)1mol甘油+6molBuO
在3.5L高压釜中混合103.4g甘油和1.2g叔丁醇钾。将高压釜用氮气吹扫3次并加热至140℃。在2小时内加入485.5g氧化丁烯。为了使该反应完全,将该混合物在140℃下后反应另外7小时。将反应混合物用氮气汽提并在80℃下真空除去挥发性化合物。通过加入5.9gMacrosorbMP5plus除去催化剂,在100℃下搅拌2小时并过滤。
得到黄色油状物(589.0g,羟值:285.0mgKOH/g)。
b)甘油+6molBuO,胺化
在9L高压釜中将500g来自实施例3-a的所得三醇混合物、1200mLTHF和1500g氨在200mL如EP0696572B1所述的固体催化剂存在下混合。该含镍、钴、铜、钼和锆的催化剂呈3×3mm片形式。将高压釜用氢气吹扫并通过加热高压釜而开始反应。将反应混合物在205℃下搅拌15小时,通过在整个还原性胺化步骤过程中吹扫氢气而将总压维持为280巴。在冷却高压釜之后将最终产物收集、过滤、排出过量氨并在旋转蒸发器中汽提以除去轻质胺和水。总共回收450g低色值醚胺混合物。其分析结果示于表3中。
表3.实施例3的醚胺的分析结果
实施例4:1mol甘油+4.2molPO+1.8molBuO,胺化
a)1mol甘油+4.2molPO+1.8molBuO
在3.5L高压釜中混合88.9g甘油和0.9g叔丁醇钾。将高压釜用氮气吹扫3次并加热至140℃。在1.5小时内加入235.4g氧化丙烯。将该混合物在140℃下后反应3小时。然后在1小时内分批加入125.2g氧化丁烯。为了使该反应完全,将该混合物在140℃下后反应另外5小时。将反应混合物用氮气汽提并在80℃下真空除去挥发性化合物。通过加入4.7gMacrosorbMP5plus除去催化剂,在100℃下搅拌2小时并过滤。
得到黄色油状物(470.0g,羟值:312.1mgKOH/g)。
b)1mol甘油+4.2molPO+1.8molBuO,胺化
在9L高压釜中将350mL来自实施例4-a的所得三醇混合物、1200mLTHF和1500g氨在200mL如EP0696572B1所述的固体催化剂存在下混合。该含镍、钴、铜、钼和锆的催化剂呈3×3mm片形式。将高压釜用氢气吹扫并通过加热高压釜而开始反应。将反应混合物在205℃下搅拌15小时,通过在整个还原性胺化步骤过程中吹扫氢气而将总压维持为280巴。在冷却高压釜之后将最终产物收集、过滤、排出过量氨并在旋转蒸发器中汽提以除去轻质胺和水。总共回收350-400g低色值醚胺混合物。其分析结果示于表4中。
表4.实施例4的醚胺的分析结果
实施例5(对比):1mol甘油+6molPO,胺化
a)1mol甘油+6molPO
在2L高压釜中混合276.3g甘油和2.6g叔丁醇钾。将高压釜用氮气吹扫3次并加热至140℃。在10小时内加入1044.0g氧化丙烯。将该混合物在140℃下后反应9.5小时。将反应混合物用氮气汽提并在80℃下真空除去挥发性化合物。通过加入21.1gMacrosorbMP5plus除去催化剂,在100℃下搅拌2小时并过滤。
得到浅黄色油状物(1300.0g,羟值:320.2mgKOH/g)。
b)1mol甘油+6molPO,胺化
在9L高压釜中将750mL来自实施例5-a的所得多元醇混合物、1000mLTHF和1500g氨在200mL如EP0696572B1所述的固体催化剂存在下混合。该含镍、钴、铜、钼和锆的催化剂呈3×3mm片形式。将高压釜用氢气吹扫并通过加热高压釜而开始反应。将反应混合物在205℃下搅拌15小时,通过在整个还原性胺化步骤过程中吹扫氢气而将总压维持为250巴。在冷却高压釜之后将最终产物收集、过滤、排出过量氨并在旋转蒸发器中汽提以除去轻质胺和水。总共回收720g低色值醚胺混合物。其分析结果示于表5中。
表5.
在衣用洗涤剂中作为添加剂的用途
含有牛油、猪油、香肠油(SausageFat)、培根油(BaconGrease)和Anchor黄油的蓝色针织棉的工业污损样本购自WarwickEquestLtd.并在传统西欧洗衣机(MieleWaschmaschineSoftronicW2241)中洗涤,选择不加热的59min洗涤循环(18℃洗涤)并使用75g液体洗涤剂组合物LA1(表8),该组合物含或不含1.25g醚胺添加剂以及一些盐酸以在加入该醚胺之后再调节pH。水硬度为2.5mM(Ca2+:Mg2+为3:1)。使用标准色度测量获得各污损在洗涤之前和之后的L*、a*和b*值。由L*、a*和b*值计算污损水平。
按如下计算样本的去污:
去污指数(SRI)=(ΔE初始-ΔE洗过)*100/ΔE初始
ΔE初始=洗涤之前的污损水平
ΔE洗过=洗涤之后的污损水平
各污损样本进行6次重复。下面所给为平均值。
污损水平对应于织物上的油脂量。洗涤之前织物的污损水平(ΔE初始)高,在洗涤方法中污渍减少且洗涤之后污损水平更小(ΔE洗过)。污渍去除越好,则ΔE洗过的值越低且与ΔE初始的差值越高。因此,去污指数的值随着洗涤性能越好而增大。
表8:液体洗涤剂组合物LA1
1平均脂族碳链长度为C11-C12的线性烷基苯磺酸盐,由Stepan,NorthfieldIllinois,USA供应
2AE3S为由Stepan,Northfield,Illinois,USA供应的乙氧基(3)硫酸C12-15烷基酯
3AE9为由Huntsman,SaltLakeCity,Utah,USA供应的C12-14醇乙氧基化物,平均乙氧基化程度为9
4NI45-7为由Huntsman,SaltLakeCity,Utah,USA供应的C14-15醇乙氧基化物,平均乙氧基化程度为7
5无规接枝共聚物为具有聚氧化乙烯骨架和多重聚乙酸乙烯酯侧链的聚乙酸乙烯酯接枝聚氧化乙烯共聚物。聚氧化乙烯骨架的分子量为约6000,聚氧化乙烯与聚乙酸乙烯酯的重量比为约40-60且每50个氧化乙烯单元具有不超过1个接枝点。
6具有下列通用结构的化合物:二((C2H5O)(C2H4O)n)(CH3)-N+-CxH2x-N+-(CH3)-二((C2H5O)(C2H4O)n),其中n=20-30且x=3-8,或其硫酸化或磺化变体
7聚乙烯亚胺(MW=600),每-NH具有20个乙氧基化物基团
8蛋白酶可以由GenencorInternational,PaloAlto,California,USA供应(例如Purafect)或由Novozymes,Bagsvaerd,丹麦供应(例如)。
9 全部为Novozymes,Bagsvaerd,丹麦的产品。
10合适的螯合剂例如为由DowChemical,Midland,Michigan,USA供应的二亚乙基四胺五乙酸(DTPA)或由Solutia,StLouis,Missouri,USA供应的羟基乙烷二膦酸酯(HEDP)或二亚乙基三胺五(甲基膦酸);
11荧光增白剂1为AMS,荧光增白剂2由CibaSpecialtyChemicals,Basel,瑞士供应
表9:结果
A:液体洗涤剂组合物LA1(表8),无额外醚胺添加剂
B:液体洗涤剂组合物LA1(表8),含实施例1所述醚胺(1mol甘油+3molBuO+3molPO,胺化)
C:液体洗涤剂组合物LA1(表8),含实施例3所述醚胺(1mol甘油+6molBuO,胺化)
D:液体洗涤剂组合物LA1(表8),含对比例5所述醚胺(1mol甘油+6molPO,胺化)
所有三种醚胺在该测试中具有的氧化烯:甘油的摩尔比为6:1。对于所有5种油污,观察到含氧化丁烯的醚胺(B和C)的清洁效果优于不含氧化丁烯的醚胺(D)且优于不含醚胺的液体洗涤剂组合物(A)。
Claims (16)
1.式(I)的醚胺:
其中
R=H或乙基,k=0或1,
A表示具有C2-C18碳原子的线性或支化亚烷基,
A可以彼此相同或不同,
至少一个A表示线性或支化C4亚烷基,
x、y和z的总和为3-100,
x≥1,y≥1且z≥1,
Z=NH2或OH,但每分子至少两个Z为NH2。
2.根据权利要求1的醚胺,其中至少三个A表示线性或支化C4亚烷基。
3.根据权利要求1或2的醚胺,其中所有A基团表示线性或支化C4亚烷基。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项的醚胺,其中x、y和z的总和为3-30。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任一项的醚胺,其中x、y和z的总和为3-10。
6.根据权利要求1-5中任一项的醚胺,其中Z为NH2。
7.根据权利要求1-6中任一项的醚胺,其中使式(I)的醚胺与酸反应。
8.一种制造式(I)的醚胺的方法,包括下列步骤:
a)使甘油或1,1,1-三羟甲基丙烷与C4氧化烯和任选C2-C18氧化烯反应,其中甘油或1,1,1-三羟甲基丙烷与C4氧化烯的摩尔比为1:3-1:10,
b)用氨胺化烷氧基化甘油或烷氧基化1,1,1-三羟甲基丙烷。
9.根据权利要求8的方法,其中甘油或1,1,1-三羟甲基丙烷与C4氧化烯的摩尔比为1:3-1:6。
10.根据权利要求8或9的方法,其中C2-C18氧化烯为氧化乙烯、氧化丙烯或其混合物。
11.根据权利要求8-10中任一项的方法,其中胺化在含铜、镍或钴催化剂存在下进行。
12.根据权利要求8-11中任一项的方法,其中催化剂的催化活性材料在其用氢气还原之前包含铝、铜、镍和钴的含氧化合物以及0.2-5.0重量%以SnO计算的锡的含氧化合物。
13.根据权利要求1-7中任一项的聚醚胺在个人护理中的用途。
14.根据权利要求1-7中任一项的聚醚胺在洗发剂和沐浴配制剂中的用途。
15.根据权利要求1-7中任一项的聚醚胺作为环氧树脂固化剂或在聚合物生产中作为反应物的用途。
16.根据权利要求1-7中任一项的聚醚胺在聚氨酯、聚脲中以及作为热塑性聚酰胺粘合剂的用途。
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US20160251304A1 (en) | 2016-09-01 |
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