CN105490541B - Fixed turn-on time suitching type conversion equipment - Google Patents

Fixed turn-on time suitching type conversion equipment Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN105490541B
CN105490541B CN201410483054.8A CN201410483054A CN105490541B CN 105490541 B CN105490541 B CN 105490541B CN 201410483054 A CN201410483054 A CN 201410483054A CN 105490541 B CN105490541 B CN 105490541B
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
voltage
signal
electronic switch
transformer
time
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
CN201410483054.8A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Other versions
CN105490541A (en
Inventor
林天麒
刘智远
于岳平
郑荣霈
黄培伦
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alpha and Omega Semiconductor Cayman Ltd
Original Assignee
Alpha and Omega Semiconductor Cayman Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alpha and Omega Semiconductor Cayman Ltd filed Critical Alpha and Omega Semiconductor Cayman Ltd
Priority to CN201410483054.8A priority Critical patent/CN105490541B/en
Priority to JP2017515836A priority patent/JP6570623B2/en
Priority to EP15841947.3A priority patent/EP3195455A4/en
Priority to KR1020177008378A priority patent/KR101883708B1/en
Priority to PCT/US2015/050528 priority patent/WO2016044489A1/en
Publication of CN105490541A publication Critical patent/CN105490541A/en
Priority to PH12017500477A priority patent/PH12017500477A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN105490541B publication Critical patent/CN105490541B/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33507—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/36—Means for starting or stopping converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33507—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters
    • H02M3/33515—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters with digital control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33507—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters
    • H02M3/33523—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters with galvanic isolation between input and output of both the power stage and the feedback loop
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • H02M3/33592—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer having a synchronous rectifier circuit or a synchronous freewheeling circuit at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • H02M1/0006—Arrangements for supplying an adequate voltage to the control circuit of converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

Disclosed herein a kind of fixed turn-on time suitching type conversion equipments, and it includes a transformer, there is this transformer primary side and secondary side, primary side to connect an electronic switch, one load of secondary side connection and a processor.Processor is located at a driver of primary side by the connection of an at least coupling element, thereby to connect electronic switch.Processor receives an output voltage or an output current in load, to generate a control signal accordingly.Driver receives control signal by coupling element, and switch electronic switch accordingly, output voltage and output current are adjusted to control transformer, wherein the time span of the on off state of electronic switch is determined by the time point that the negative edge of control signal is promoted to the time point of positive edge and positive edge drops to negative edge, to reach high speed load transient response.

Description

Fixed turn-on time suitching type conversion equipment
Technical field
The present invention is about a kind of suitching type conversion equipment, and especially in regard to a kind of fixed turn-on time (constant on- Time, COT) suitching type conversion equipment.
Background technology
Recently as the progress of science and technology, the electronic product with different function of all kinds is gradually developed, These electronic products with different function of all kinds not only meet the various different demands of people, more incorporate everyone Daily life so that people's life is more convenient.The electronic product of these different function of all kinds is by various electronic components It is formed, and the supply voltage needed for each electronic component is not quite similar, therefore, the alternating current of power supply system offer now Source is not appropriate for being supplied directly to electronic product use.It is set normally to transport to each electronic component to provide voltage appropriate Make, these electronic products need that AC power, such as general alternating current are converted to voltage appropriate by power-switching circuit It is used to each electronic component.
The power supply changeover device (AC/DC Converter) that traditional exchange turns direct current is the design using isolated partial pressure, AC power is coupled with rectifier and then the AC power of high voltage is converted into the straight of low-voltage using external transformer Galvanic electricity source, the DC power supply device to provide low-voltage use.As shown in Figure 1, traditional power supply changeover device includes a transformation Device 10, primary side connect an electronic switch 12, one 14, one output capacitance 15 of load of secondary side connection and a divider 16, point Depressor 16 connects a processor 18.Processor 18 connects a controller 22 by a photo-coupler 20, this controller 22 connects electricity Sub switch 12, to control its on off state.When having load voltage and load current in load 14, divider 16 can capture negative The partial pressure in voltage is carried, and is transferred to processor 18.Processor 18 generates an analog signal or simulation according to this partial pressure Signal, and it is sent to controller 22 positioned at primary side by secondary side by photo-coupler 20, enable 22 basis of controller This analog signal switches electronic switch 12.Since this processor 18 is made of TL431 and compensation circuit, so processor 18 It is responsible for carrying out entire power supply changeover device the compensation of loop gain and bandwidth with the compensation way of zero and pole, to reduce load Ripple signal in voltage, makes whole system stablize.However, since controller 22 is located at primary side, load can not be directly detected Voltage, and the signal in load voltage also can not be passed to controller 22 by TL431 in real time with compensation circuit, can make load electric instead After signal delay in pressure deforms or even is slack-off, controller 22 is just reached, causes controller 22 also can not be in real time in response to load electricity Ripple signal in pressure changes the switching mode of electronic switch 12, and then immediate stability load voltage.Furthermore it is connected to secondary One diode 24 of side is as synchronous rectifier, but this is not easy to control in continuous current mode (CCM).
Therefore, the present invention for above-mentioned puzzlement, propose a kind of fixed turn-on time (constant on-time, COT) suitching type conversion equipment, with solve in the prior art the problem that.
Invention content
The main object of the present invention is to provide a kind of fixed turn-on time (constant on-time, COT) suitching type Conversion equipment, which is the secondary side installation based on transformer, can directly detect output voltage or the processor of output current, and real When by coupling element by the signal in output voltage or output current, primary side is sent to, to determine using the signal of secondary side It is positioned at the conducting of the electronic switch of the primary side of transformer and the time closed, and then adjusts output voltage or output current, Under the premise of need not use compensation circuit, reach high speed load transient response.
The secondary objective of the present invention, is to provide a kind of fixed turn-on time suitching type conversion equipment, is that will couple member Signal in output voltage or output current is sent to by part using electric field, magnetic field, piezoelectricity material or light as medium from secondary side Primary side, and any coding or decoding technique are not adopted, so that the secondary side of transformer is independently adjusted output voltage and output current.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a kind of fixed turn-on time suitching type conversion equipment, being respectively will control Device processed is formed in driver in a wafer cell, then two wafer cells and coupling element are integrated in an encapsulating structure, To reach volume microminiaturization, while the area for occupying printed circuit board is reduced, with bill of materials (BOM) cost.
It is still a further object of the present invention is to provide a kind of fixed turn-on time suitching type conversion equipments, are by transformer Secondary side on ripple signal be filtered and amplify respectively with output current, with reduce be located at main outgoing route on resistance Resistance value, and then reduce output efficiency loss, while make equipped with reference voltage the processor positioned at secondary side be easy design.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a kind of fixed turn-on time suitching type conversion equipments, are become using being located at The processor of the secondary side of depressor receives and wakes up signal caused by the driver positioned at primary side, to generate control signal, and Pass it to driver use, to avoid in startup (start-up) pattern, the coupling between primary side and secondary side When closing component wear, the running of system is destroyed.
It is to capture once it is still a further object of the present invention is to provide a kind of fixed turn-on time suitching type conversion equipment The input voltage of side, and adjustment is located at the turn-on time of the electronic switch of primary side accordingly, with for different input voltages, drop Low level enters to avoid transformer in the variation of the switching frequency of the electronic switch of primary side and is saturated and then burns.
It is to utilize transformation it is a further object of the present invention to provide a kind of fixed turn-on time suitching type conversion equipment The frequency values for the upper pulse signal that the secondary side of device is sent out, determine the high voltage level of the pulse signal of next secondary side Duration, and then adjust primary side electronic switch turn-on time, to be detached from audio zone, and then reduce each switching Period is to the energy with release stored by transformer.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a kind of fixed turn-on time suitching type conversion equipment, an input terminal is connected, This input terminal receives an input voltage, and it includes a transformer that this, which fixes turn-on time suitching type conversion equipment, with primary side With secondary side, primary side connects input terminal, one load of secondary side connection and a processor.Processor receives one and starts voltage, and The output voltage or an output current in load are received, to generate a control signal with startup voltage accordingly.Processor connects An at least coupling element is separately connected primary side and secondary side such as capacitance, transformer, piezoelectric element or optical coupling element, with Transmission controls signal to primary side.Primary side connect a driver with coupling element, and control signal is received by coupling element, And amplified, generate one first digital signals.Primary side connect one first electronic switch with driver, receives the first numerical digit Signal, and switch on off state accordingly receives input voltage to control transformer by input terminal, so adjust output voltage with Output current, wherein the time span of the on off state of the first electronic switch is promoted to the time of positive edge by the negative edge of control signal The time point that point and positive edge drop to negative edge is determined.
Processor also includes an electric signal acquisition device and a controller.Electric signal acquisition device connects secondary side and load, with Capture the partial pressure or the corresponding sensing voltage of output current in output voltage.Controller, which not only receives, starts voltage, and connects two Secondary side and electric signal acquisition device to receive partial pressure or sensing voltage by electric signal acquisition device, and are generated with startup voltage accordingly Control signal.Controller, coupling element and driver are integrated in an encapsulating structure.When coupling element is capacitance, encapsulation Structure is stacked by one first wafer cell, a dielectric layer and one second wafer cell, is formed in the first wafer cell Controller is formed with driver in the second wafer cell, and capacitance is by the first wafer cell, dielectric layer and the second wafer cell shape At.
The present invention also provides a kind of fixed turn-on time suitching type conversion equipment, connects an input terminal, this input termination An input voltage is received, it includes a transformer that this, which fixes turn-on time suitching type conversion equipment, with primary side and secondary side, one Secondary side connects input terminal, and secondary side connection one loads, and has a ripple signal (ripple signal) on the secondary side of transformer, There are the output voltage formed by ripple signal and an output current in load.Secondary side and load one processor of connection are For capture ripple signal alternating component alternating voltage and output current.Processor is preset with a reference voltage, processor Output current is converted as a processing voltage, the voltage value for handling the flip-flop of voltage is equal to reference voltage.Processor is according to ginseng It examines voltage, alternating voltage and processing voltage and generates a control signal.Processor connects an at least coupling element, is to be separately connected Primary side and secondary side, with transmission control signal to primary side.The primary side of transformer connect a driver with coupling element, Control signal is received, and is amplified, a digital signals are generated.The primary side of transformer connect an electronic switch with driver, It receives digital signals, and switches on off state accordingly, receives input voltage by input terminal to control transformer, and then adjust Output voltage and output current.
The present invention provides a kind of fixed turn-on time suitching type conversion equipment again, connects an input terminal, this input termination Receive an input voltage.It includes a transformer that this, which fixes turn-on time suitching type conversion equipment, with primary side and secondary side, Middle primary side connects input terminal, and secondary side connection one loads, and has an output voltage and an output current in load.Primary side with it is defeated Enter one driver of end connection, receive input voltage, and thereby sequentially generates plural number and wake up signal.Driver connects an at least coupling Element is closed, primary side and secondary side are separately connected, signal is waken up to secondary side with transmission.Coupling element, secondary side and load It connects a processor, receives output voltage or output current one of which, and wake up signal, with according to output voltage or output Electric current one of which generates a control signal with signal is waken up, and transmits control signal to driver by coupling element.Driving Device amplification control signal, to generate one first digital signals.Primary side connect one first electronic switch with driver, receives the One digital signals, and switch on off state accordingly, input voltage is received by input terminal to control transformer, and then adjust output Voltage and output current.
The present invention provides a kind of fixed turn-on time suitching type conversion equipment again, connects an input terminal, this input termination An input voltage is received, fixed turn-on time suitching type conversion equipment includes a transformer, with primary side and secondary side, once Side connects input terminal, and secondary side is equipped with a load.Input terminal connects a driver, receives input voltage, thereby generates one the One pulse signal.The primary side of transformer connect one first electronic switch with driver, receives the first pulse signal, and accordingly Switch on off state, input voltage is received by input terminal to control transformer, in generating an output voltage and one in load Output current, and control transformer and generate the sampling voltage for including input voltage in secondary side.In transformer secondary side with A processor is connected between load, this processor presets one first reference voltage.Processor receives output voltage or output electricity One of stream and sampling voltage, and its corresponding detecting voltage is captured from output voltage or output current, from sampling voltage Input voltage is captured, when detecting voltage less than the first reference voltage, processor generates one second pulse wave according to input voltage and interrogates Number.Processor connect an at least coupling element with driver, between primary side and secondary side, to transmit the second pulse wave news Number to be located at primary side driver in, with control driver stop generate the first pulse signal.Driver amplifies the second pulse wave Signal generates one first digital signals, and is sent in the first electronic switch.First electronic switch is interrogated according to the first numerical digit Number switching on off state, receives input voltage, and then adjust output voltage and output current to control transformer by input terminal.
The present invention provides a kind of fixed turn-on time suitching type conversion equipment again, connects an input terminal, this input termination An input voltage is received, fixed turn-on time suitching type conversion equipment includes a transformer, with primary side and secondary side, once Side connects input terminal, and secondary side is equipped with a load, has an output signal in load.Secondary side and load one processor of connection, place It manages device and presets frequency critical value on one first reference voltage, once frequency critical value and one.Processor reception output signal, and from Output signal sequentially captures the first detecting voltage and the second detecting voltage, and processor is less than first with reference to electricity in the first detecting voltage When pressure, one first pulse signal and its first clock signal (or time pulse signal) of synchronization and same frequency are generated.Then, it handles Device is when the second detecting voltage is less than the first reference voltage, according at least a frequency values, the lower frequency of first frequency clock signal Critical value and upper frequency critical value, generate one second pulse signal and its second clock signal of synchronization and same frequency.Processor An at least coupling element is connected, primary side and secondary side are separately connected, sequentially to transmit the first pulse signal and the second pulse wave Signal is to primary side.Primary side connect a driver with coupling element, and the first pulse signal of received in sequence is interrogated with the second pulse wave Number, and amplified, the first digital signals and the second digital signals are sequentially generated respectively.Primary side connect one first with driver Electronic switch, the first digital signals of received in sequence and the second digital signals, and switch on off state accordingly, to control transformer Input voltage is received by input terminal, and then adjusts output signal.
In an alternative embodiment, the invention discloses a kind of fixed turn-on time (constant on-time, COT) suitching type conversion equipment, wherein it connects an input terminal, which receives an input voltage, the fixation turn-on time Suitching type conversion equipment includes：One transformer, with primary side and secondary side, which connects input terminal, the secondary side One load of connection；One processor, connection secondary side and load, and receive one and start voltage, and receive the output electricity in load Pressure or an output current, to generate a control signal with startup voltage accordingly；An at least coupling element, connection processing device, and It is separately connected primary side and secondary side, with transmission control signal to primary side；One driver connects primary side and coupling element, Signal is controlled to receive, and is amplified, one first digital signals are generated；And one first electronic switch, connection primary side with Driver to receive the first digital signals, and switches on off state accordingly, and input electricity is received through input terminal to control transformer Pressure, and then output voltage and output current are adjusted, the time span of the on off state of first electronic switch is by control signal The time point that negative edge is promoted to the time point of positive edge and the positive edge drops to the negative edge is determined.
Above-mentioned fixation turn-on time suitching type conversion equipment, wherein the driver connects input terminal, to receive input Voltage thereby generates in one first pulse signal to the first electronic switch, which cuts according to the first pulse signal On off state is changed, input voltage is received by input terminal to control transformer, with electric with output in generating output voltage in load Stream, and provide startup voltage using transformer and generate control signal to processor, when driver receives control signal, stopping production Raw first pulse signal.
Above-mentioned fixation turn-on time suitching type conversion equipment, wherein the processor is also connected with an external circuit, carries For starting voltage to processor.
Above-mentioned fixation turn-on time suitching type conversion equipment, wherein also include a diode, anode connection is secondary Side, cathode connection load, transformer receives input voltage, to adjust output voltage and output current by diode.
Above-mentioned fixation turn-on time suitching type conversion equipment, wherein the processor also includes：One electric signal captures Device, connection secondary side and load, to capture the partial pressure or the corresponding sensing voltage of output current in output voltage；And one control Device receives and starts voltage, and controller connects coupling element, secondary side and electric signal acquisition device, to receive partial pressure or sensing voltage, And control signal is generated with startup voltage accordingly.
Above-mentioned fixation turn-on time suitching type conversion equipment, wherein also include one second electronic switch, connection is secondary Between side and load, and connect controller, when controller generates control signal, controller according to partial pressure or sensing voltage wherein One and startup voltage generate one second digital signals to the second electronic switch, to switch the first electronic switch and the second electronics Switch is in opposite conducting state or simultaneously closes off.
Above-mentioned fixation turn-on time suitching type conversion equipment, wherein second electronic switch is N channel metal-oxide Object-semiconductcor field effect effect transistor.
Above-mentioned fixation turn-on time suitching type conversion equipment, wherein the controller is preset with a reference voltage, is dividing When pressure is less than the reference voltage, control signal is second pulse signal in an at least period, and each of second pulse signal should The voltage of the preceding half cycle in period is high voltage level, and the voltage of second half is low voltage level, is more than the reference voltage in partial pressure When, control signal is low voltage level.
Above-mentioned fixation turn-on time suitching type conversion equipment, wherein the controller is preset with a reference voltage, is feeling Survey voltage be less than the reference voltage when, control signal be an at least period the second pulse signal, second pulse signal it is every The voltage of the preceding half cycle in one period is high voltage level, and the voltage of second half is low voltage level, and being more than in sensing voltage should When reference voltage, control signal is low voltage level.
Above-mentioned fixation turn-on time suitching type conversion equipment, wherein, should when the electric signal acquisition device is divider Divider captures partial pressure.
Above-mentioned fixation turn-on time suitching type conversion equipment, wherein when the electric signal acquisition device is resistance, output Electric current is by the resistance, in generating sensing voltage on the resistance.
Above-mentioned fixation turn-on time suitching type conversion equipment, wherein the controller, coupling element and driver are integrated In an encapsulating structure.
Above-mentioned fixation turn-on time suitching type conversion equipment, wherein the coupling element be capacitance, the encapsulating structure by One first wafer cell, a dielectric layer and one second wafer cell stack, and controller is formed in first wafer cell, Driver is formed in second wafer cell, capacitance is formed by the first wafer cell, dielectric layer and the second wafer cell.
Above-mentioned fixation turn-on time suitching type conversion equipment, wherein first electronic switch is N channel metal-oxygen Compound-semiconductor field effect transistor or bipolar transistor.
Above-mentioned fixation turn-on time suitching type conversion equipment, wherein the coupling element is capacitance, transformer, piezoelectricity Element or optical coupling element.
By make reader to the structure feature of the present invention and the effect of being reached more have it is further understand and understanding, careful assistant With preferred embodiment figure and cooperation detailed description, illustrate as after：
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the circuit diagram of power supply changeover device in the prior art.
Fig. 2 is the circuit diagram of first embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 (a) is present invention partial pressure and sensing voltage one of which and the waveform diagram of a control signal.
Fig. 3 (b) is the partial pressure and sensing voltage one of which and the waveform diagram of another control signal of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the circuit diagram of second embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 5 is the circuit diagram of third embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 6 is the circuit diagram of fourth embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 7 be controller of the present invention, divider, output capacitance, load and transformer circuit diagram.
Fig. 8 be controller of the present invention, resistance, output capacitance, load and transformer circuit diagram.
Current trend schematic diagrames of the Fig. 9 between controller of the present invention and driver.
Figure 10 be the present invention partial pressure, the second digital signals, RX signals and TX signals waveform diagram.
Figure 11 is the schematic diagram of the encapsulating structure of controller of the present invention, capacitance and driver.
Figure 12 is the circuit diagram of fifth embodiment of the invention.
Figure 13 is the oscillogram of the signal of D, M, DI and DS of fifth embodiment of the invention.
Figure 14 is the circuit diagram of sixth embodiment of the invention.
Figure 15 is the circuit diagram of seventh embodiment of the invention.
Figure 16 is present invention detecting voltage and controls the waveform diagram of signal.
Figure 17 is the oscillogram of the D1 signals of seventh embodiment of the invention, TX signals and RX signals.
Figure 18 is the circuit diagram of eighth embodiment of the invention.
Figure 19 is that the internal circuit of the turn-on time adjuster of eighth embodiment of the invention is illustrated with the circuit of other elements Figure.
Figure 20 is the oscillogram of DE, P2, clk and P3 of eighth embodiment of the invention.
Figure 21 is the circuit diagram of ninth embodiment of the invention.
Figure 22 is that the internal circuit of the turn-on time adjuster of ninth embodiment of the invention is illustrated with the circuit of other elements Figure.
Figure 23 is the oscillogram of DE1, P1, clk1, DE2, P2, clk2 and P4 of ninth embodiment of the invention.
Figure 24 is DOWN, LD, B1, B2, UP, F and I of ninth embodiment of the inventionOOscillogram.
Specific implementation mode
Referring to Fig. 2, the first embodiment of the present invention introduced below.Fixed turn-on time provided by the invention (constant on-time, COT) suitching type conversion equipment, connects an input terminal 26, this input terminal 26 receives an input voltage VIN.This fix turn-on time suitching type conversion equipment include a transformer 28, with primary side (or primary side) with it is secondary Side (or primary side), primary side connect input terminal 26, and secondary side is negative by a diode 29 one output capacitance 30 of connection and one Carry 31.The anode connection secondary side of diode 29, cathode connect output capacitance 30 and load 31.Secondary side, a low potential VSS (such as optional but unrestricted and make it have earthing potential) connect a processor 32 with load 31, receives a startup voltage S, And receive the output voltage V in load 31OAn or output current IO, with accordingly with start voltage S generate one control signal or Control signal C.It can locate using electric field, magnetic field, piezoelectric element or light as transmission medium, therefore between primary side and secondary side It manages device 32 and connects an at least coupling element 34, such as capacitance, transformer, piezoelectric element or optical coupling element, be separately connected primary Side and secondary side, with transmission control signal C to primary side.Primary side connect a driver 36 with coupling element 34, and connection is defeated Enter end 26, and control signal C is received by coupling element 34, and is amplified, one first digital signals of generation (or number news Number) D1.Driver 36 also has circuit protection function.Primary side connect one first electronic switch 38 with driver 36, such as N channel Metal-oxide semiconductor fieldeffect transistor or bipolar transistor, receive the first digital signals D1, and switch accordingly On off state receives input voltage V to control transformer 28 by input terminal 26IN, and then output electricity is adjusted by diode 29 Press VOWith output current IO, wherein the time span of the on off state of the first electronic switch 38 is controlled the negative of signal C by secondary side The time point that edge is promoted to the time point of positive edge and positive edge drops to negative edge determined, such as when control signal C is clock signal, When this clock signal is promoted to positive edge from negative edge, the first electronic switch 38 is begun to turn on, until clock signal is dropped to from positive edge When negative edge, the conducting state of the first electronic switch 38 terminates, and begins to shut off, until clock signal is promoted to just from negative edge again When edge, the closed state of the first electronic switch 38 terminates, and begins to turn on.Driver 36 receives input voltage by input terminal 26 VIN, thereby generate in one first pulse signal P1 to the first electronic switch 38, the first electronic switch 38 is according to the first pulse signal P1 switches on off state, and input voltage V is received by input terminal 26 to control transformer 28IN, with by diode 29 in load Output voltage V is generated on 31OWith output current IO, and provide startup voltage S using transformer 28 and generate control news to processor 32 Number C stops generating the first pulse signal P1 when driver 36 receives control signal C by coupling element 34.
Processor 32 also includes an electric signal acquisition device 40 and a controller 42.Electric signal acquisition device 40 connects low potential VSS, secondary side and load 31, to capture output voltage VOIn partial pressure DV or output current IOCorresponding sensing voltage DS.Control Device 42, which receives, starts voltage S, and controller 42 connects coupling element 34, secondary side and electric signal acquisition device 40, to receive partial pressure DV or sensing voltage DS, and accordingly control signal C is generated with startup voltage S.Below please refer to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 (a).Due to Controller 42 is preset with a reference voltage, therefore when dividing DV less than this reference voltage, and control signal C is an at least period The waveform presented during second pulse signal P2, i.e. T1, herein by taking the plural period as an example, this second pulse signal P2's is each The voltage of the preceding half cycle in period is high voltage level, and the voltage of second half is low voltage level.It is more than reference voltage in partial pressure DV When, i.e. the waveform presented during T2, control signal C is low voltage level.Similarly, it is less than reference voltage in sensing voltage DS When, control signal C be the second pulse signal P2 in an at least period, i.e. the waveform presented during T1, if herein with plural or For the dry period, the voltage of the preceding half cycle in each period of this second pulse signal P2 is high voltage level, the voltage of second half For low voltage level.When sensing voltage DS is more than reference voltage, i.e. the waveform presented during T2, control signal C is low electricity Press level.In Fig. 3 (b), then explanation is less than the moment of this reference voltage in partial pressure DV, and control signal C sends out the of a period The waveform presented in two pulse signal P2, the i.e. default period Tmin of controller 42, this period of this second pulse signal P2 The voltage of preceding half cycle is high voltage level, and the voltage of second half is low voltage level, wherein the time span of this high pressure level by It is determined positioned at the controller 42 of secondary side.DV is divided in default period Tmin more than after reference voltage, control signal C is needed Until partial pressure DV can just send out the second pulse signal P2 again after being less than reference voltage next time.Similarly, join less than this in partial pressure DS When examining voltage, control signal C is the second pulse signal P2 in a period, i.e., the waveform presented in default period Tmin, this second The voltage of the preceding half cycle in this period of pulse signal P2 is high voltage level, and the voltage of second half is low voltage level, wherein this The time span of high pressure level is by determining positioned at the controller 42 of secondary side.DS is divided in default period Tmin is more than reference After voltage, control signal C needs to wait for partial pressure DV next time can just send out the second pulse signal P2 again after being less than reference voltage.
The operation of first embodiment introduced below, and with startup (start-up) mode operating.First, driver 36 receive input voltage V by input terminal 26IN, thereby generate in the first pulse signal P1 to the first electronic switch 38, make first Electronic switch 38 switches on off state according to the first pulse signal P1, and input electricity is received by input terminal 26 to control transformer 28 Press VIN, with by diode 29 in generating output voltage V in load 31OWith output current IO, and opened using the offer of transformer 28 Dynamic voltage S is to controller 42.Then, electric signal acquisition device 40 captures output voltage VOIn partial pressure DV or output current IOIt is corresponding Sensing voltage DS after export.Controller 42 receives partial pressure DV or sensing voltage DS, and generates control news with startup voltage S accordingly Number C, and determine the first electronics to control the time point that the negative edge of signal C is promoted to the time point of positive edge and positive edge drops to negative edge The time span of the on off state of switch 38.Come again, signal C is from secondary side to positioned at primary side for the transmission control of coupling element 34 Driver 36.When driver 36 receives control signal C, stop generating the first pulse signal P1, and amplifies control signal C, with Generate the first digital signals D1.Finally, the first electronic switch 38 receives the first digital signals D1, and switches on off state accordingly, Input voltage V is received by input terminal 26 to control transformer 28IN, and then output voltage V is adjusted by diode 29OWith output Electric current IO.In the prior art, in order to make the output voltage stabilization of integral converter, it is necessary to compensation circuit is equipped with, with compensation Gain margin/allowance (gain margin) and phase margin (phase margin).But the present invention does not need to any compensation electricity It road can be direct to avoid the complex technology of adjust gain allowance (gain margin) and phase margin (phase margin) Detect output voltage VOOr output current IO, and signal therein is sent to primary side, to utilize the signal deciding position of secondary side In the time of the conducting and closing of the electronic switch of the primary side of transformer, and then output voltage and output current are carried out in real time It adjusts, to reach high speed load transient state or transient response.In addition, the present invention utilizes coupling element, by output voltage or output current In signal reach primary side from secondary side, wherein do not use volume, the decoding technique of any encoder and decoder, while again It can be effectively isolated the signal of primary side and secondary side, make the separately adjustable output voltage V of secondary sideOWith output current IO。
Below please continue to refer to Fig. 4, and introduce the second embodiment of the present invention.In order to improve the efficiency of total system, the Two embodiments are in the second electronic switch 44 substitution first embodiment of the Metal-oxide-semicondutor field transistor of such as N channel Diode 29, using as synchronous rectifier.In a second embodiment, the secondary side of transformer 28 is directly connected to load 31.This Outside, between the second electronic switch 44 connection secondary side and load 31, and controller 42 is connected.Control signal is generated in controller 42 When C, controller 42 is according to partial pressure DV or sensing voltage DS one of which, and starts one second digital signals D2 of voltage S generations and give Second electronic switch 44 is in opposite conducting state or closes simultaneously to switch the first electronic switch 38 and the second electronic switch 44 It closes, then transformer 28 receives input voltage VIN, to adjust output voltage VOWith output current IO。
The operation of second embodiment introduced below, and with start-up mode running.First, driver 36 passes through input End 26 receives input voltage VIN, thereby generate in the first pulse signal P1 to the first electronic switch 38, make the first electronic switch 38 Switch on off state according to the first pulse signal P1, input voltage V is received by input terminal 26 to control transformer 28IN, with logical The second electronic switch 44 is crossed in generation output voltage V in load 31OWith output current IO, and provided using transformer 28 and start electricity Press S to controller 42.Then, electric signal acquisition device 40 captures output voltage VOIn partial pressure DV or output current IOCorresponding sense It is exported after surveying voltage DS.Controller 42 receives partial pressure DV or sensing voltage DS, and generates control signal C with startup voltage S accordingly With the second digital signals D2, and the negative edge of signal C is promoted to the time point of positive edge and positive edge drops to time of negative edge to control Point determines the time span of the on off state of the first electronic switch 38.Come again, the second electronic switch 44 receives the second digital signals D2 is to switch over, and the transmission control of coupling element 34 signal C is from secondary side to the driver 36 positioned at primary side.Driver 36 When receiving control signal C by coupling element 34, stop generating the first pulse signal P1, and amplify control signal C, to generate First digital signals D1.Finally, the first electronic switch 38 receives the first digital signals D1, and switches on off state accordingly, with control Transformer 28 processed receives input voltage V by input terminal 26IN, and then adjust output voltage VOWith output current IO。
Below please continue to refer to Fig. 5, and introduce the third embodiment of the present invention.3rd embodiment is not such as first embodiment The startup voltage S that is provided using transformer 28 of controller 42.In the third embodiment, instead, controller 42 An external circuit 46 is more connected, the controller 42 for starting voltage S to processor 32 is to provide.
The operation of 3rd embodiment introduced below.First, it is assumed that having had output voltage V in load 31OWith output Electric current IO, and external circuit 46 also provides and starts voltage S to controller 42.Then, electric signal acquisition device 40 captures output voltage VO In partial pressure DV or output current IOIt is exported after corresponding sensing voltage DS.Controller 42 receives partial pressure DV or sensing voltage DS, And control signal C is generated with startup voltage S accordingly, and be promoted under time point and the positive edge of positive edge with controlling the negative edge of signal C Be down to negative edge time point determine the first electronic switch 38 on off state time span.Come again, the transmission control of coupling element 34 Signal C processed is from secondary side to the driver 36 positioned at primary side.Driver 36 receives control signal C by coupling element 34, and Amplification control signal C, to generate the first digital signals D1.Finally, the first digital signals D1 of the first electronic switch 38 reception, and according to This switching on off state receives input voltage V to control transformer 28 by input terminal 26IN, and then adjusted by diode 29 Output voltage VOWith output current IO。
Below please continue to refer to Fig. 6, and introduce the fourth embodiment of the present invention.Fourth embodiment is not such as second embodiment The startup voltage S that is provided using transformer 28 of controller 42.In the fourth embodiment, instead, controller 42 An external circuit 46 is more connected, the controller 42 for starting voltage S to processor 32 is provided.
The operation of fourth embodiment introduced below.First, it is assumed that having had output voltage V in load 31OWith output Electric current IO, and external circuit 46 also provides and starts voltage S to controller 42.Then, electric signal acquisition device 40 captures output voltage VO In partial pressure DV or output current IOIt is exported after corresponding sensing voltage DS.Controller 42 receives partial pressure DV or sensing voltage DS, And control signal C and the second digital signals D2 is generated with startup voltage S accordingly, and positive edge is promoted to the negative edge for controlling signal C Time point and positive edge drop to negative edge time point determine the first electronic switch 38 on off state time span.Come again, Second electronic switch 44 receives the second digital signals D2 to switch over, and the transmission of coupling element 34 controls signal C from secondary side To the driver 36 for being located at primary side.Driver 36 receives control signal C by coupling element 34, and amplifies control signal C, with Generate the first digital signals D1.Finally, the first electronic switch 38 receives the first digital signals D1, and switches on off state accordingly, Input voltage V is received by input terminal 26 to control transformer 28IN, and then adjust output voltage VOWith output current IO。
Please continue to refer to Fig. 7 and Fig. 8.In above-described embodiment, electric signal acquisition device 40 can such as be schemed there are many embodiment Shown in 7, electric signal acquisition device 40 can be realized with divider 48, and divider 48 can connect the two of transformer 28 by diode 29 Secondary side can also be directly connected to the secondary side of transformer 28, and fechtable output voltage VOIn partial pressure DV.As shown in figure 8, electric Signal capturing device 40 can also realize that resistance 50 can connect the secondary side of transformer 28 by diode 29, also may be used with resistance 50 To be directly connected to the secondary side of transformer 28.As output current IOIt, can be electric in generating sensing on resistance 50 when by this resistance 50 Press DS.
Please continue to refer to Fig. 9.Driver 36 includes a comparator 52 and a resistance 54, and one end connection of this resistance 54 is compared The positive input terminal of device 52, other end ground connection.Controller 42 includes a control switching circuit 56, a bias circuit 58, a buffer 60, a reverser 62, a third electronic switch 64 and one the 4th electronic switch 66.Control switching circuit 56 connect buffer 60 with Reverser 62, both this are separately connected third electronic switch 64 and the 4th electronic switch 66.Bias circuit 58 connects third electronics Switch 64, third electronic switch 64 connect resistance 54 with the 4th electronic switch 66 by coupling element 34.By resistance 54 compared with Signal between the positive input terminal of device 52 is considered as RX signals, and the signal between coupling element 34 and third electronic switch 64 is considered as TX Signal.Control switching circuit 56 controls third electronic switch 64 and the 4th electronic switch 66 by buffer 60 and reverser 62, It is in opposite switching to make it.When partial pressure DV is less than the moment of the reference voltage of controller 42, control switching circuit 56 passes through buffering Device 60 is separately turned on reverser 62 and closes third electronic switch 64 and the 4th electronic switch 66, then bias circuit 58 provides electricity Stream sequentially passes through third electronic switch 64, coupling element 34, resistance 54 with coupling element 34 until low potential VSS.Comparator 52 RX signals are received, and generate the first digital signals D1 accordingly.After the time of a specific period, control switching circuit 56 is logical It crosses buffer 60 to be separately turned on reverser 62 and close the 4th electronic switch 66 and third electronic switch 64, then electric current sequentially passes through Overcoupling element 34, resistance 54, coupling element 34 and the 4th electronic switch 66.RX signals, TX signals, partial pressure DV and the first numerical digit The oscillogram of signal D1 is as shown in Figure 10, just will produce Gao Zhun it is found that after dividing DV less than reference voltage with simulation by figure First digital signals D1 of position voltage, delay time are extremely short.
Please continue to refer to Fig. 9 and Figure 11.In order to make the present invention reach volume microminiaturization, driver 36 of the invention, control Device 42 can be integrated in coupling element 34 in an encapsulating structure, as shown in figure 11.By taking coupling element 34 is capacitance as an example, this envelope Assembling structure is stacked by one first wafer cell 68, a dielectric layer 70 and one second wafer cell 72, the first wafer cell It is formed with controller 42 in 68, driver 36 is formed in the second wafer cell 72, capacitance is by the first wafer cell 68, dielectric layer 70 are formed with the second wafer cell 72, wherein the first wafer cell 68 and the second wafer cell 72 also can be used arbitrary conductive layer, Lead frame or crystal grain (die) are realized.When coupling element 34 is the winding, piezoelectric element or optical coupling element of transformer, Can in a similar way be integrated in an encapsulating structure, occupy the area of printed circuit board to reduce, with bill of materials (BOM) at This.
In fig. 8, electric signal acquisition device 40 is realized by resistance 50.Assuming that the reference voltage of controller 42 is 250 millivolts, Pass through the output current I of resistance 50OFlip-flop be 2.5 amperes, then the resistance value of resistance 50 must be set to 0.1 ohm, Just it is able to export accurately control signal C.However, resistance 50 is on main outgoing route, therefore resistance 50 itself cannot be too big, if Too conference increase output efficiency loss, and when set it is too small when, the reference voltage of controller 42 must also set very little, otherwise without Method judges output current IOIn ripple signal, to export accurately control signal C.But when the reference voltage of controller 42 When must set very little, controller 42 will be caused to be difficult to design on circuit.
The fifth embodiment of the present invention introduced below, please refers to Fig.1 2.In the 5th embodiment, fixed turn-on time switching Formula conversion equipment connects an input terminal 74, this input terminal 74 receives an input voltage VIN.This fixes the conversion of turn-on time suitching type Device includes a transformer 76, and with primary side and secondary side, primary side connects input terminal 74, and secondary side passes through a diode The positive electrode and negative electrode of 77 connection, one load 78 and an output capacitance 79, diode 77 are separately connected the secondary side of transformer 76 and bear 78 are carried, the cathode of diode 77 also connects output capacitance 79.There is a ripple signal on the secondary side of transformer 76, has in load 78 Thus the output voltage V that ripple signal is formedOAn and output current IO.This ripple signal has an alternating component and a direct current The average voltage level of ingredient, ripple signal is the voltage value of flip-flop, and the voltage value of ripple signal is subtracted flip-flop Voltage value to get to the voltage value of alternating component.The cathode of diode 77, the secondary side of transformer 76 connect one with load 78 Processor 80 captures the alternating voltage A and output current I of the alternating component of ripple signalO.Processor 80 is preset with a reference Voltage, processor 80 convert output current IOFor a processing voltage K.Due to output current IOFor alternating current-direct current signal, therefore handle voltage K is also alternating current-direct current signal, and its DC signal is much larger than AC signal.So processing voltage K also has an alternating component and one The average voltage level of flip-flop, processing voltage K is the voltage value of flip-flop.Processor 80 will be divided using filter 92 The voltage value of DV subtracts the voltage value of flip-flop to get to the alternating voltage A of alternating component.80 setting processing voltage of processor The voltage value of the flip-flop of K is slightly higher or is equal to reference voltage, and generates a control according to alternating voltage A and processing voltage K and interrogate Number C.For example, processor 80 be added alternating voltage A with processing voltage K, with generate one control voltage CV, and accordingly with reference Voltage generates control signal C.Between primary side and secondary side can using electric field, magnetic field, piezoelectric element or light as transmission medium, because This, processor 80 connects an at least coupling element 82, such as capacitance, transformer, piezoelectric element or optical coupling element, connects respectively The primary side and secondary side for connecing transformer 76, with transmission control signal C to primary side.The primary side of input terminal 74, transformer 76 It connect a driver 84 with coupling element 82, receives control signal C, and amplified, generates a digital signals D.Transformer 76 primary side connect an electronic switch 86 with driver 84, such as the metal-oxide semiconductor fieldeffect transistor of N channel Or bipolar transistor, digital signals D is received, and switch on off state accordingly, is connect by input terminal 74 with controlling transformer 76 Receive input voltage VIN, and then output voltage V is adjusted by diode 77OWith output current IO, the wherein switch of electronic switch 86 The time span of state controlled by secondary side signal C negative edge be promoted to positive edge time point and positive edge drop to negative edge when Between point determined, such as when control signal C is clock signal, when this clock signal is promoted to positive edge from negative edge, electronic switch 86 It beginning to turn on, when clock signal drops to negative edge from positive edge, the conducting state of electronic switch 86 terminates, and begins to shut off, When clock signal is promoted to positive edge from negative edge again, the closed state of electronic switch 86 terminates, and begins to turn on.
Driver 84 receives input voltage V by input terminal 74IN, one first pulse signal P1 is thereby generated to electronic switch In 86, electronic switch 86 switches on off state according to the first pulse signal P1, is received by input terminal 74 with controlling transformer 76 Input voltage VIN, to generate ripple signal, output voltage V by diode 77OAnd output current IO.Then processor 80 generates Signal C is controlled, until driver 84 receives control signal C by coupling element 82, driver 84 stops generating the first pulse wave Signal P1.
Please refer to Fig. 3 (b), processor 80 also includes a current-to-voltage convertor 88, a divider 90, a filter 92, an adder 94 and a controller 96.The connection of current-to-voltage convertor 88 load 78, to capture output current IO, and by its Be converted to processing voltage K.Divider 90 connects a low potential VSS, the cathode of diode 77, the secondary side of transformer 76 and load 78, and receive output voltage VO, exported with capturing partial pressure DV therein.Filter 92 connects divider 90, and receives partial pressure DV, To filter out alternating voltage A.Adder 94 connects filter 92 and current-to-voltage convertor 88, to receive alternating voltage A and place Voltage K is managed, and after being added, generates control voltage CV.Controller 96 is preset with reference voltage and default period Tmin, control Device 96 processed connects secondary side and the load 78 of low potential VSS, coupling element 82, adder 94, transformer 76, to receive control electricity CV is pressed, and generates control signal C with reference voltage accordingly.When controlling voltage CV less than reference voltage, control signal C is in default It is the second pulse signal P2 in an at least period in period Tmin, the voltage of the preceding half cycle in each period of the second pulse signal is The voltage of high voltage level, second half is low voltage level.Then, terminate in default period Tmin, and control voltage CV and be more than When reference voltage, control signal C is low voltage level.Current-to-voltage convertor 88 also includes a resistance 98 and an amplifier 100. The connection of resistance 98 load 78 and low potential VSS, output current IOBy this resistance 98, in generating a sensing voltage on resistance 98 DS.Amplifier 100 connects adder 94, load 78 and resistance 98, to receive sensing voltage DS, and is amplified, generation processing Voltage K.
The operation of 5th embodiment introduced below.First, driver 84 receives input voltage V by input terminal 74IN, It thereby generates in the first pulse signal P1 to electronic switch 86, makes electronic switch 86 according to the first pulse signal P1 switching switch shapes State receives input voltage V to control transformer 76 by input terminal 74IN, with by diode 77 in the secondary side of transformer 76 Ripple signal is generated, while in generation output voltage V in load 78OWith output current IO, and using transformer 76 provide electric energy to Controller 96.Then, output current IOBy resistance 98, in generating sensing voltage DS on resistance 98, in addition, divider 90 connects Receive output voltage VO, exported with capturing partial pressure DV therein.Coming again, amplifier 100 receives sensing voltage DS, and is amplified, Processing voltage K is generated, and filter 92 receives partial pressure DV, to filter out alternating voltage A.It then continues to, adder 94 receives exchange Voltage A and processing voltage K, and after being added, generate control voltage CV.Controller 96 receive control voltage CV, and accordingly with Reference voltage generates control signal C.Such as when controlling voltage CV less than reference voltage, signal C is in default period Tmin for control Interior is the second pulse signal P2 in an at least period.Then, terminate in default period Tmin, and control voltage CV and be more than with reference to electricity When pressure, control signal C is low voltage level.Controller 96 is to control time point and the positive edge that the negative edge of signal C is promoted to positive edge Drop to the time span of the on off state of the time point decision electronic switch 86 of negative edge.Come again, the transmission control of coupling element 82 Signal C is from secondary side to the driver 84 positioned at primary side.When driver 84 receives control signal C, stop generating the first arteries and veins Wave signal P1, and amplify control signal C, to generate digital signals D.Finally, electronic switch 86 receives digital signals D, and accordingly Switch on off state, input voltage V is received by input terminal 74 to control transformer 76IN, and then adjusted by diode 77 defeated Go out voltage VOWith output current IO。
Below please refer to Figure 13, electric current M of the display by electronic switch 86, the electric current DI by diode 77, The signal waveform figure of digital signals D and sensing voltage DS.The alternating voltage A of ripple signal above-mentioned is to be obtained from partial pressure DV, removes Outside this, it can also be obtained from sensing voltage DS or secondary side diode current DI.In addition, according in fig. 8, ginseng originally Examine voltage and output current IOSetting, the resistance value of resistance 50 must be set to 0.1 ohm.But it is in the 5th embodiment, sharp With the technology of divider 90, filter 92, adder 94 and amplifier 100, the resistance value of resistance 98 can be set in 10 millis Ohm, to coordinate the output current I that the reference voltage of 25 millivolts is 2.5 amperes with flip-flopO.Thus, export effect Can be lost can reduce, and the reference voltage of controller 96 does not have to setting very little so that controller 96 is easy design on circuit.
Below please continue to refer to Figure 12 and Figure 14, and introduce the sixth embodiment of the present invention.Sixth embodiment is not such as the The current-to-voltage convertor 88 of five embodiments is realized with resistance 98 and amplifier 100.In the sixth embodiment, instead It is that current-to-voltage convertor 88 is realized with Hall element.Hall element connection as current-to-voltage convertor 88 loads 78, with Capture output current IO, and adjust magnetic field appropriate, you can by output current IOBe converted to processing voltage K.And the work of remaining element It is dynamic identical as the 5th embodiment, it is repeated no more in this.
In Fig. 4, in start-up mode, the first electronic switch 38, which receives the first pulse signal P1 that driver 36 generates, to be come The on off state for switching itself supplies energy to the use of controller 42 to control transformer 28, so that controller 42 is synchronized and generate control Signal C processed and the second digital signals D2.Theoretically, the first electronic switch 38 and the second electronic switch 44 receive control signal respectively C and the second digital signals D2, opposite conducting state is presented.However, when coupling element 34 damages, signal C is with regard to nothing for control Method is transferred to primary side from secondary side.Because driver 36 does not receive always control signal C, the first arteries and veins can be constantly generated Wave signal P1 gives the first electronic switch 38.Thus, the first electronic switch 38 and the second electronic switch 44 will can not be synchronous, It can even simultaneously turn on, whole system is caused to be damaged.
In order to solve the problem of to cause whole system to be damaged when the damage of coupling element 34.7th embodiment introduced below, is asked Refering to fig. 15.The fixation turn-on time suitching type conversion equipment of the present invention, connects an input terminal 102, this input terminal 102 receives one Input voltage VIN.It includes a transformer 104 that this, which fixes turn-on time suitching type conversion equipment, with primary side and secondary side, Primary side connects input terminal 102, and secondary side connects an output capacitance 105 and one load 106, has an output voltage in load 106 VOWith an output current IO.The primary side of transformer 104 connect a driver 108 with input terminal 102, is reception input voltage VIN, thereby sequentially generate a plurality of wake-up signal W.Driver 108 connect an at least coupling element 110, as capacitance, transformer, Piezoelectric element or optical coupling element are separately connected the primary side and secondary side of transformer 104, and signal W to two is waken up with transmission Secondary side.Coupling element 110, the secondary side of transformer 104, a low potential VSS, output capacitance 105 connect a processing with load 106 Device 112 receives output voltage VOOr output current IOOne of which, with wake up signal W, with according to output voltage VOOr output Electric current IOOne of which controls signal C with signal W generations one are waken up, and passes through coupling element 110 and transmit control signal C to drive Dynamic device 108 makes the amplification control signal C of driver 108, to generate one first digital signals D1.The primary side of transformer 104 and drive Dynamic device 108 connects one first electronic switch 114, the metal-oxide semiconductor fieldeffect transistor such as N channel or bipolar crystalline substance Body pipe receives the first digital signals D1, and switches on off state accordingly, is received by input terminal 102 with controlling transformer 104 Input voltage VIN, and then adjust output voltage VOWith output current IO.Specifically, when the first electronic switch 114 is opened, control Transformer 104 processed starts energy storage, at this time output voltage VOReduction state is presented.When the first electronic switch 114 is closed, control becomes Depressor 104 starts to release energy, at this time output voltage VOIncreased state is presented.In addition, the on off state of the first electronic switch 114 The negative edge that time span is controlled signal C by secondary side is promoted to the time point of positive edge and positive edge drops to the time point institute of negative edge It determines, such as when control signal C is clock signal, when this clock signal is promoted to positive edge from negative edge, the first electronic switch 114 is opened Begin to be connected, when clock signal drops to negative edge from positive edge, the conducting state of the first electronic switch 114 terminates, and starts to close It closes, when clock signal is promoted to positive edge from negative edge again, the closed state of the first electronic switch 114 terminates, and starts to lead It is logical.Driver 108 receives input voltage V by input terminal 102IN, thereby generate one first pulse signal P1 to the first electronic cutting In closing 114, the first electronic switch 114 switches on off state according to the first pulse signal P1, passes through input to control transformer 104 End 102 receives input voltage VIN, in generation output voltage V in load 106OWith output current IO, and carried using transformer 104 For energy control signal C is generated to processor 112.Wherein, when the first electronic switch 114 is opened, then the storage of transformer 104 is controlled Energy is deposited, output capacitance 105 supplies energy to processor 112 and generates control signal C at this time, and generates output voltage VOWith output Electric current IO.When the first electronic switch 114 is closed, then controls transformer 104 and starts release storage energy to output capacitance 105, And supply energy to processor 112 and generate control signal C, and transformer 104 also generates output voltage VOWith output current IO.It connects It, when driver 108 receives control signal C by coupling element 110, stops generating the first pulse signal P1 and wake up signal W。
In fig.15, processor 112 also includes an electric signal acquisition device 116 and a controller 118.Electric signal acquisition device 116 connection low potential VSS, secondary side and load 106, to capture output voltage VOOr output current IOCorresponding detecting voltage DE. Controller 118 connects coupling element 110, secondary side and electric signal acquisition device 116, to receive detecting voltage DE and wake up signal W, And control signal C is generated with signal W is waken up according to detecting voltage DE.Below please refer to Figure 15 and Figure 16.Due to controller 118 are preset with a reference voltage, therefore when detecting voltage DE less than this reference voltage, control signal C is during one is default It is the second pulse signal P2 in an at least period in Tmin, the voltage of the preceding half cycle in each period of the second pulse signal P2 is height The voltage of voltage quasi position, second half is low voltage level.Then, terminate in default period Tmin, and detect voltage DE and be more than this When reference voltage, control signal C is low voltage level.
It is connected with one second electronic switch 120 between the secondary side and load 106 of transformer 104, such as the metal-of N channel Oxide-Semiconductor Field effect transistor.Second electronic switch 120 is also connected with controller 118, low potential VSS and electric signal and picks Take device 116.When controller 118 generates control signal C, controller 118 generates one the according to detecting voltage DE with signal W is waken up Two digital signals D2 give the second electronic switch 120, to switch the first electronic switch 114 with the second electronic switch 120 in opposite Conducting state simultaneously closes off, and transformer 104 is made to receive input voltage VIN, to adjust output voltage VOWith output current IO。
The operation of 7th embodiment introduced below, and illustrated with start-up mode running.First, driver 108 Input voltage V is received by input terminal 102IN, thereby generate in the first pulse signal P1 to the first electronic switch 114, make first Electronic switch 114 switches on off state according to the first pulse signal P1, is received with to control transformer 104 by input terminal 102 defeated Enter voltage VIN, with by the second electronic switch 120 in generating output voltage V in load 106OWith output current IO.Meanwhile first Electronic switch 114 supplies energy to controller 118 according to the first pulse signal P1 using transformer 104.Meanwhile driver 108 Utilize input voltage VIN, generate and wake up signal W.Then, electric signal acquisition device 116 captures output voltage VOOr output current IOIt is right It is exported after the detecting voltage DE answered.Controller 118 is received by coupling element 110 and wakes up signal W, while receiving detecting voltage DE, and the energy and wake-up signal W that are provided accordingly with transformer 104 generate control signal C and the second digital signals D2, and with control The time point that the negative edge of signal C processed is promoted to the time point of positive edge and positive edge drops to negative edge determines the first electronic switch 114 The time span of on off state.Come again, the second electronic switch 120 receives the second digital signals D2 to switch over, and couples member Signal C is from secondary side to the driver 108 positioned at primary side for the transmission control of part 110.Driver 108 is connect by coupling element 110 When receiving control signal C, stops generating the first pulse signal P1 and wake up signal W, and amplify control signal C, to generate first Digital signals D1.Finally, the first electronic switch 114 receives the first digital signals D1, and switches on off state accordingly, is become with controlling Depressor 104 receives input voltage V by input terminal 102IN, and then adjust output voltage VOWith output current IO。
Below please refer to Figure 15 and Figure 17.The signal between coupling element 110 and driver 108 is enabled to be interrogated for RX Number, the signal between coupling element 110 and controller 118 is TX signals.Therefore TX signals can represent control signal C. During T1, what RX signals represented is that plural number wakes up signal W, and controller 118, which not yet receives, at this time wakes up signal W, so also not having The generation of any TX signals.Then, during T2, because controller 118, which has received, wakes up signal W, control is produced Signal C, and it is sent to driver 108 by coupling element 110.Therefore RX signals can be synchronous with TX signals at this time.It reviews It, if coupling element 110 damages, wake up signal W just can not send controller 118 to by coupling element 110.Controller If 118 do not receive wake-up signal W, control signal C and the second digital signals D2 can not be also generated, then whole system would not start Running, can be to avoid system failure.
In fig. 2, when system operatio is in non-continuous mode, the switching frequency f of the first electronic switch 38 is indicated with formula (1)：
Wherein VINFor input voltage, VOFor output voltage, IOFor output current, L is the inductance value of transformer 28, tonIt is The time span that one electronic switch 38 is opened.When load 31 is constant, if tonAlso it remains unchanged, then switching frequency f can be with input Voltage VINIt is inversely proportional.Therefore, as input voltage VINWhen becoming larger, switching frequency f becomes smaller therewith.However, when switching frequency f is too low When, transformer 28 can be saturated, and wherein inductance can be short-circuit, and then burns up.
In order to for different input voltage VINThe variation of switching frequency f is reduced, to avoid system failure, the present invention The 8th embodiment is introduced, please refers to Fig.1 8, Figure 19 and Figure 20 below.The fixation turn-on time suitching type conversion equipment of the present invention, An input terminal 122 is connected, this input terminal 122 receives an input voltage VIN.This fixes turn-on time suitching type conversion equipment One transformer 124, with primary side and secondary side, primary side connects input terminal 122, and secondary side connects an output capacitance 126, And secondary side is equipped with a load 128.Input terminal 122 connects a driver 130, and driver 130 receives input voltage VIN, thereby produce Raw one first pulse signal P1.Driver 130 connect one first electronic switch 132 with the primary side of transformer 124, such as N leads to Road metal-oxide semiconductor fieldeffect transistor or bipolar transistor.This first electronic switch 132 receives the first pulse wave news Number P1, and switch on off state accordingly passes through input terminal 122 to control transformer 124 and receives input voltage VIN, in load An output voltage V is generated on 128OWith an output current IO, and it includes input voltage V to control transformer 124 and generated in secondary sideIN A sampling voltage SM.Between the secondary side and load 128 of transformer 124, it is connected with a processor 134, processor 134 is pre- If one first reference voltage VR1 and one presets period Tmin.Processor 134 receives output voltage VOOr output current IOWherein it One and sampling voltage SM, and from output voltage VOOr output current IOCapture its corresponding detecting voltage DE.In detecting voltage When DE is less than the first reference voltage VR1, processor 134 is according to the input voltage V in sampling voltage SMINIn in default period Tmin Generate one second pulse signal P2.This second pulse signal P2 is an at least period, each period of the second pulse signal P2 The voltage of preceding half cycle is high voltage level, and the voltage of second half is low voltage level.Processor 134 is connected to driver 130 A few coupling element 136, this is realized with capacitance, transformer, piezoelectric element or optical coupling element.Coupling element 136 is located at Between primary side and secondary side, to transmit the second pulse signal P2 to being located in the driver 130 of primary side, to control driver 130 stop generating the first pulse signal P1, and driver 130 amplifies the second pulse signal P2, generates one first digital signals D1, And it is sent in the first electronic switch 132.First electronic switch 132 switches on off state according to the first digital signals D1, Input voltage V is received by input terminal 122 to control transformer 124IN, and then adjust output voltage VOWith output current IO.The The time span of the on off state of one electronic switch 132 by the negative edge of the second pulse signal P2 of secondary side be promoted to positive edge when Between put and positive edge drops to time point of negative edge and determined, such as when the second pulse signal P2 is clock signal, this clock signal When being promoted to positive edge from negative edge, the first electronic switch 132 is begun to turn on, when clock signal drops to negative edge from positive edge, the The conducting state of one electronic switch 132 terminates, and begins to shut off, when clock signal is promoted to positive edge from negative edge again, the The closed state of one electronic switch 132 terminates, and begins to turn on.Since the time of the on off state of the first electronic switch 132 is long Degree it is related with the second pulse signal P2, the second pulse signal P2 but with input voltage VINIt is related, therefore in setting, can suitably adjust Whole second pulse signal P2 and input voltage VIN, make input voltage VINHigher, then the opening time of the first electronic switch 132 be cured It is short, input voltage VINLower, then the opening time of the first electronic switch 132 is longer.
Processor 134 also includes an electric signal acquisition device 138, a turn-on time adjuster 140 and a controller 142.Electricity Signal capturing device 138 connects secondary side and the load 128 of a low potential VSS, transformer 124, to receive output voltage VOOr it is defeated Go out electric current IO, and thereby capture detecting voltage DE.Turn-on time adjuster 140 connects the secondary side of transformer 124, to receive Sampling voltage SM, and captured.Controller 142 connects low potential VSS, turn-on time adjuster 140, coupling element 136, becomes The secondary side of depressor 124 and electric signal acquisition device 138.Controller 142 is preset with the first reference voltage VR1 and default period Tmin, to receive detecting voltage DE.When detecting voltage DE less than the first reference voltage VR1, controller 142 is during default The second pulse signal P2 and its corresponding clock signal clk is generated in Tmin.When system operatio is in non-continuous mode first The switching frequency f of electronic switch 132 is indicated with formula (2)：
Wherein VINFor input voltage, VOFor output voltage, IOFor output current, L is the inductance value of transformer 124, tonFor The time span that first electronic switch 132 is opened.In order to avoid when switching frequency f is too low, transformer 28 can be in supersaturation The problem of, design of the invention can make to work as input voltage VINWhen higher or lower, opening time of the first electronic switch 132 is allowed tonShorter respectively or longer, to reduce for different input voltage VINThe variation of corresponding switching frequency f.
Clock signal clk is positive pulse signal, clock signal clk when the second pulse signal P2 is promoted from negative edge to positive edge Remaining time be all low level signal.Turn-on time adjuster 140 receive clock signal clk, with accordingly with input voltage VIN A third pulse signal P3 is generated, and is sent in controller 142, is promoted from negative edge in third pulse signal P3 with control When to positive edge, the second pulse signal P2 drops to negative edge from positive edge, this negative edge at least terminates maintained until presetting period Tmin, when When the positive pulse signal of next clock signal clk occurs, the second pulse signal P2 is then promoted from negative edge to positive edge again.Transformation It is connected with one second electronic switch 144, such as N channel Metal-oxide-semicondutor between the secondary side and load 128 of device 124 Field-effect transistor is connection controller 142, and when controller 142 generates the second pulse signal P2, controller 142 is accordingly One second digital signals D2 is generated to the second electronic switch 144, to switch the first electronic switch 132 and the second electronic switch 144 In opposite conducting state or simultaneously close off.Turn-on time adjuster 140 is in order to capture input voltage VIN, transformer can be connected 124 secondary side is any to contain input voltage VINSignal node, for example, turn-on time adjuster 140 can connect Between the second electronic switch 144 and transformer 124, and when the second electronic switch 144 is closed, in the second electronic switch 144 Sampling voltage SM is received between transformer 124.
Turn-on time adjuster 140 also includes a sampling retainer 146, a dependent current source 148, a third electronic switch 150, a capacitance 152 and a comparator 154.The secondary side that retainer 146 connects transformer 124 is sampled, to receive sampling voltage SM, and captured.The connection of dependent current source 148 sampling retainer 146, to receive sampling voltage SM, and according to sampling voltage Input voltage V in SMINGenerate a dependent current.In order to make to work as input voltage VINHigher, the unlatching of the first electronic switch 132 Time is shorter, as input voltage VINLower, the opening time of the first electronic switch 132 is longer, and the design in dependent current source 148 must It must allow as input voltage VINWhen bigger, dependent current is bigger, as input voltage VINMore hour, dependent current are smaller.Third electronics Switch 150 connects controller 142 and dependent current source 148, to receive clock signal clk, and it is temporary when positive pulse signal occurs State is opened, remaining time then closes.Capacitance 152 is in parallel with third electronic switch 150, and connects dependent current source 148, and according to The on off state of third electronic switch 150 receives dependent current, to store an interdependent voltage PV.Comparator 154 connects capacitance 152 With controller 142, and one second reference voltage VR2 and interdependent voltage PV are received with negative input end and positive input terminal respectively, with evidence This generates third pulse signal P3.
The operation of 8th embodiment introduced below, and with start-up mode running.First, driver 130 is by defeated Enter end 122 and receives input voltage VIN, thereby generate in the first pulse signal P1 to the first electronic switch 132, make the first electronic cutting It closes 132 and on off state is switched according to the first pulse signal P1, input voltage is received by input terminal 122 to control transformer 124 VIN, with by the second electronic switch 144 in generating output voltage V in load 128OWith output current IO.Meanwhile first pulse wave news Number P1 switches the on off state of the first electronic switch 132, includes input voltage V to control transformer 124 and be generated in secondary sideIN's Sampling voltage SM.When the first pulse signal P1 is high levle signal, the first electronic switch 132 is switched to open state, and controls Transformer 124 processed stores energy, meanwhile, output capacitance 126 provides energy therein, to generate output voltage VOWith it is defeated Go out electric current IO.When the first pulse signal P1 is low level signal, the switching of the first electronic switch 132 is in off state, and is controlled Transformer 124 releases energy, to generate output voltage VO, output current IOWith sampling voltage SM, while store energy in output electricity Hold in 126.
Then, electric signal acquisition device 138 captures output voltage VOOr output current IOWith output after corresponding detecting voltage DE To controller 142.Controller 142 receives detecting voltage DE, and when detecting voltage DE less than the first reference voltage VR1, control Device 142 is in starting the second pulse signal P2 of the generation and its clock signal clk of correspondence in default period Tmin, and according to the second arteries and veins Wave signal P2 generates the second digital signals D2, is sent to the second electronic switch 144 to switch on off state.Meanwhile it being connected Time regulator 140 starts operation.It is closed at this point, the on off state of the second electronic switch 144 is presented.In turn-on time adjuster In 140, first, sampling retainer 146 receives sampling voltage SM, and from wherein capturing input voltage VIN.Then, dependent current source 148 receive input voltage VIN, and dependent current is generated accordingly.Since clock signal clk is carried in the second pulse signal P2 from negative edge It is positive pulse signal when being raised to positive edge, remaining time of clock signal clk is all low level signal.Therefore work as third electronic switch When 150 reception clock signal clk, only when positive pulse signal occurs, transient state is opened, remaining time then closes.In other words, When the second pulse signal P2 starts to generate, 150 transient state of third electronic switch is opened, and it is zero to make the voltage on capacitance 152, is connect It, dependent current charges to capacitance 152, in obtaining interdependent voltage PV on capacitance 152.Finally, comparator 154 receives the second ginseng Voltage VR2 and interdependent voltage PV are examined, to generate third pulse signal P3 accordingly.When interdependent voltage PV rises to equal to the second reference After voltage VR2, third pulse signal P3 can be promoted to positive edge from negative edge, at this time controller 142 control the second pulse signal P2 from Positive edge drops to negative edge, this negative edge is at least maintained until default period Tmin terminates, when the positive pulse of next clock signal clk When signal occurs, the second pulse signal P2 is then promoted from negative edge to positive edge again.Second pulse signal P2 can pass through coupling element 136 are sent to the driver 130 positioned at primary side from secondary side, stop generating the first pulse signal P1 to control driver 130. Finally, driver 130 amplifies the second pulse signal P2, generates the first digital signals D1, and be sent to the first electronic switch In 132, so that the first electronic switch 132 is switched on off state according to the first digital signals D1, pass through input to control transformer 124 End 122 receives input voltage VIN, and then adjust output voltage VOWith output current IO.Specifically, as the first digital signals D1 For low level signal when, the switching of the first electronic switch 132 is in off state, and is controlled transformer 124 and increased output voltage VOWith Output current IO.When the first digital signals D1 is high levle signal, the first electronic switch 132 is switched to open state, and controls Transformer 124 processed reduces output voltage VOWith output current IO。
Please continue to refer to Fig. 2, formula (1) is held, when load 31 is I at light loadOIt can decline, therefore switching frequency f also can be therewith Decline, when reaching the audio zone such as 20-20k hertz (Hz), human ear can be easy to capture and arrive, in order to avoid this problem, as long as when negative 31 are carried at light load, to downgrade ton.The ninth embodiment of the present invention introduced below that this purpose can be reached, please refers to Figure 21, figure 22 and Figure 23.
The fixation turn-on time suitching type conversion equipment of the present invention, connects an input terminal 156, this input terminal 156 receives one Input voltage VIN.It includes a transformer 158 that this, which fixes turn-on time suitching type conversion equipment, with primary side and secondary side, Primary side connects input terminal 156, and secondary side connects an output capacitance 160, and the connection of output capacitance 160 one low potential VSS, secondary Side is equipped with a load 162, has an output signal in this load 162, this output signal includes an output voltage VOWith an output electricity Flow IO.The secondary side of transformer 158 connect a processor 164 with load 162.Processor 164 presets period Tmin, one First reference voltage VR1, once frequency critical value in frequency critical value and one.Processor 164 receives output signal, and from output Signal sequentially captures the detecting voltages of the first detecting voltage DE1 and second DE2.Processor 164 is less than the in the first detecting voltage DE1 When one reference voltage VR1, when generating the first of one first pulse signal P1 and its synchronization and same frequency in default period Tmin Clock signal clk1.Then, processor 164 is when the second detecting voltage DE2 is less than the first reference voltage VR1, according to the first clock An at least frequency value F, lower frequency critical value and the upper frequency critical value of signal clk1, in generation one second in default period Tmin The second clock signal clk2 of pulse signal P2 and its synchronization and same frequency.This second pulse signal P2 is an at least period, the The voltage of the preceding half cycle in each period of two pulse signal P2 is high voltage level, and the voltage of second half is low voltage level.Place It manages device 164 and connects an at least coupling element 166, this is realized with capacitance, transformer, piezoelectric element or optical coupling element.Coupling It closes element 166 and is separately connected primary side and secondary side, sequentially to transmit the first pulse signal P1 and the second pulse signal P2 to one Secondary side.The primary side of transformer 158 connect a driver 168 with coupling element 166, received in sequence the first pulse signal P1 with Second pulse signal P2, and amplified, the first digital signals D1 and the second digital signals D2 are sequentially generated respectively.Transformer 158 primary side connect one first electronic switch 170, such as N channel Metal-oxide-semicondutor field-effect with driver 168 Transistor or bipolar transistor.First electronic switch, 170 received in sequence the first digital signals D1 and the second digital signals D2, and according to This switching on off state receives input voltage V to control transformer 158 by input terminal 156IN, and then adjust output signal.The The time span of the on off state of one electronic switch 170 is promoted to the time point of positive edge, by the negative edge of the first pulse signal P1 The positive edge of one pulse signal P1 drops to the time point of negative edge, the negative edge of the second pulse signal P2 be promoted to time point of positive edge with The time point that the positive edge of second pulse signal P2 drops to negative edge is determined.Such as when the first pulse signal P1 be clock signal, When this clock signal is promoted to positive edge from negative edge, the first electronic switch 170 is begun to turn on, until clock signal is dropped to from positive edge When negative edge, the conducting state of the first electronic switch 170 terminates, and begins to shut off, until clock signal is promoted to from negative edge again When positive edge, the closed state of the first electronic switch 170 terminates, and begins to turn on.Similarly, when the second pulse signal P2 is clock Signal, when this clock signal is promoted to positive edge from negative edge, the first electronic switch 170 is begun to turn on, until clock signal is from positive edge When dropping to negative edge, the conducting state of the first electronic switch 170 terminates, and begins to shut off, until clock signal is again from negative edge When being promoted to positive edge, the closed state of the first electronic switch 170 terminates, and begins to turn on.
Switching frequency f when first electronic switch 170 operates in non-continuous mode is indicated with formula (3)：
Wherein VINFor input voltage, VOFor output voltage, IOFor output current, L is the inductance value of transformer 158, tonFor The time span that first electronic switch 170 is opened.Noisy problem is caused in order to avoid switching frequency f enters audio zone, works as frequency When there are one values F, design of the invention can make when frequency value F is less than lower frequency critical value, then the first electronic switch 170 connects The opening time for receiving the first digital signals D1 is longer than opening time when receiving the second digital signals D2.When frequency value F is higher than upper When frequency critical value, then the first electronic switch 170 receives the opening time of the first digital signals D1, shorter than receives the second numerical digit news Opening time when number D2.In this way, if the first electronic switch 170 enters audio zone when receiving the first digital signals D1, connecing Audio zone can be left by receiving the second digital signals D2, to reduce noisy energy ingredient.
When frequency value F has it is a plurality of when, processor 164, which is additionally provided with, to be counted critical value, counts critical value, correspondence on one An initial count value of first pulse signal P1 and a count condition.This count condition is critical less than lower frequency in frequency value F When value, initial count value adds 1, and when frequency value F is higher than upper frequency critical value, initial count value subtracts 1.Processor 164 will under Frequency critical value and upper frequency critical value one of which, are sequentially calculated with count condition with each frequency value F, are amounted to obtaining one Numerical value.In addition, more than the upper total count value for counting critical value, it is considered as upper counting critical value, is less than the lower total for counting critical value Numerical value is considered as lower counting critical value.In addition, initial count value, lower counting critical value, upper counting critical value and total count value are all big In or be equal to zero, such as indicated at least the one of binary bit formula or plural bit.For example, if lower counting critical value is 00, Upper counting critical value is 11, and initial count value 00, frequency value F has 5, and by lower frequency critical value and upper frequency critical value its Middle one with each according to time order and function frequency value F relatively after, sequentially be respectively less than lower frequency critical value, be higher than upper frequency Critical value is less than lower frequency critical value, is higher than upper frequency critical value, being less than upper frequency critical value, therefore total count value is 01.If Lower counting critical value, upper counting critical value and initial count value are same as described above, frequency value F also there are five, then lower frequency is faced Dividing value and upper frequency critical value one of which with each according to time order and function frequency value F relatively after, be respectively sequentially higher than upper Frequency critical value is higher than upper frequency critical value, is higher than upper frequency critical value, is higher than upper frequency critical value, is higher than upper frequency critical Total count value is considered as 00 by value since total count value can be less than lower counting critical value.If lower counting critical value, upper counting Critical value is same as described above with initial count value, and frequency value F also has 5, then by lower frequency critical value and upper frequency critical value its Middle one with each according to time order and function frequency value F relatively after, sequentially be respectively less than lower frequency critical value, be less than lower frequency Critical value is less than lower frequency critical value, is less than lower frequency critical value, is less than lower frequency critical value, since total count value can be more than Upper counting critical value, therefore total count value is considered as 11.
Processor 164 generates the second pulse signal P2 and second clock signal clk2 according to total count value.Similarly, in order to It reduces switching frequency f and enters noise caused by audio zone, when total count value is more than initial count value, then the first electronic switch 170 receive the opening time of the first digital signals D1, are longer than opening time when receiving the second digital signals D2.Work as total count value When less than initial count value, then the first electronic switch 170 receives the opening time of the first digital signals D1, shorter than receives the second number Opening time when the signal D2 of position.When total count value is equal to initial count value, then the first electronic switch 170 receives the first numerical digit The opening time of signal D1 is equal to opening time when receiving the second digital signals D2.In addition, working as total count value and initial count Value difference away from it is bigger when, then the first electronic switch 170 receive the first digital signals D1 and the second digital signals D2 opening time it is poor Away from bigger.
Driver 168 connects input terminal 156, to receive input voltage VIN, a third pulse signal P3 is thereby generated to In one electronic switch 170.First electronic switch 170 switches on off state according to third pulse signal P3, to control transformer 158 Input voltage V is received by input terminal 156IN, in generating output signal in load 162, and utilize 158 control process of transformer Device 164 generates the first pulse signal P1 and the second pulse signal P2.When driver 168 receives the first pulse signal P1, stop Generate third pulse signal P3.
Processor 164 also includes an electric signal acquisition device 172, a controller 174 and a turn-on time adjuster 176.Electricity Signal capturing device 172 connects secondary side and the load 162 of low potential VSS, transformer 158, and receives output signal, sequentially to pick The first detecting voltage DE1 and second is taken to detect voltage DE2.Controller 174 connects the secondary side of coupling element 166, transformer 158 With electric signal acquisition device 172.Controller 174 is preset with default period Tmin, the first reference voltage VR1, count condition, lower frequency Critical value, upper frequency critical value, initial count value, lower counting critical value and upper counting critical value, and received in sequence first is detected The detecting voltages of voltage DE1 and second DE2.Controller 174 is when the first detecting voltage DE1 is less than the first reference voltage VR1, in pre- If period Tmin in generate the first pulse signal P1 and the first clock signal clk1, controller 174 by lower frequency critical value and on Frequency critical value one of which, is sequentially calculated with count condition with each frequency value F, to obtain total count value.Then, controller 174 when the second detecting voltage DE2 is less than the first reference voltage VR1, according to total count value in generating the in default period Tmin Two pulse signal P2 and second clock signal clk2, second clock signal clk2 are promoted from negative edge to just in the second pulse signal P2 It is positive pulse signal when edge, remaining time of second clock signal clk2 is all low level signal.Turn-on time adjuster 176 connects Controller 174 is connect, to receive total count value and second clock signal clk2, and according to total count value and second clock signal clk2 One the 4th pulse signal P4 is generated, to control when the 4th pulse signal P4 is promoted to positive edge from negative edge, the second pulse signal P2 Negative edge is dropped to from positive edge, this negative edge is at least maintained until default period Tmin terminates.The secondary side of transformer 158 and load It is connected with one second electronic switch 178, such as N channel metal-oxide semiconductor fieldeffect transistor between 162, connects Low potential VSS and controller 174, when controller 174 generates the first pulse signal P1 or the second pulse signal P2, controller 174 generate a third digital signals D3 to the second electronic switch 178, to switch the first electronic switch 170 and the second electronics accordingly Switch 178 is in opposite conducting state or simultaneously closes off.
Turn-on time adjuster 176 also includes one first current source 180, at least a current generator 182, a third electronics Switch 184, a capacitance 186 and a comparator 188.First current source 180 generates one first electric current, and current generator 182 connects Controller 174 to receive the bit or symbol B1, B2 of total count value, and generates at least one second electric current or zero current accordingly.The Three electronic switches 184 connect controller 174, the first current source 180 and current generator 182.Third electronic switch 184 receives the One clock signal clk1, and when the positive pulse signal of the first clock signal clk1 occurs moment open, remaining time then closes. Alternatively, third electronic switch 184 receives second clock signal clk2, and occur in the positive pulse signal of second clock signal clk2 When moment open, remaining time then closes.Capacitance 186 is in parallel with third electronic switch 184, and connect the first current source 180 with Current generator 182.Capacitance 186 receives the first electric current according to the on off state of third electronic switch 184, and according to third electricity The on off state of sub switch receives the second electric current or zero current, with according to zero current and the second electric current one of which and the first electricity Stream one interdependent voltage of storage.The positive input terminal of comparator 188 connects capacitance 186 to receive the interdependent voltage on capacitance 186, exports End connection controller 174, negative input end receive one second reference voltage VR2.Comparator 188 is according to the interdependent electricity on capacitance 186 Pressure generates an initial pulse signal PS or the 4th pulse signal P4 with the second reference voltage VR2.
In this current generator 182 and the second electric current all for a plurality of.Second electric current is distinguished by current generator 182 All B1, B2 for receiving total count value, to generate respectively accordingly.Second electric current correspond to by total count value higher position to compared with Low position by big and small, and the position of total count value be 0 when, corresponding current generator 182 generate zero current, total count value When position is 1, corresponding current generator 182 generates the second electric current.In fig. 22, current generator 182 and the second electric current What quantity was all indicated with two, wherein a current generator 182 receives the relatively low level B1 of total count value, another current generator 182 Receive the high bit B2 of total count value.Since the first electric current is to continue to generate, the second electric current is cured Gao Zeyu with total count value It is high.In other words, when total count value is higher, then the interdependent voltage on capacitance 186 rises to time of the second reference voltage VR2 and is cured Short, this will cause the duration of the high voltage level of the second pulse signal P2 shorter, i.e. the first electronic switch 170 receives second The opening time of digital signals D2 is shorter, just can so be detached from audio zone and reduce the energy ingredient of its noise.
Each current generator 182 also includes one the 4th electronic switch 190 and one second current source 192.4th electronic cutting 190 connection controllers 174, third electronic switch 184 and capacitance 186 are closed, to receive the position of total count value, and switching switch accordingly State.Second current source 192 connects the 4th electronic switch 190, and generates the second electric current or zero current according to its on off state.
The operation of 9th embodiment introduced below, and illustrated with start-up mode running.First, driver 168 Input voltage V is received by input terminal 156IN, thereby generate in third pulse signal P3 to the first electronic switch 170, make first Electronic switch 170 switches on off state according to third pulse signal P3, is received with to control transformer 158 by input terminal 156 defeated Enter voltage VIN, with by the second electronic switch 178 and electric signal acquisition device 172 in generating output signal in load 162.Same time-varying Depressor 158 also supplies energy to controller 174.Specifically, when third pulse signal P3 is high levle signal, the first electronics Switch 170 is switched to open state, and controls transformer 158 and store energy, meanwhile, output capacitance 160 carries energy therein For out, to generate output signal, and supplying energy to controller 174.When third pulse signal P3 is low level signal, the The switching of one electronic switch 170 is in off state, and is controlled transformer 158 and released energy, and to generate output signal, and provides energy To controller 174, while energy is stored in output capacitance 160.
Then, electric signal acquisition device 172 receives output signal, to capture the first detecting of this corresponding output signal from this After voltage DE1, controller 174 is output this to.The energy that controller 174 is provided using transformer 158 and output capacitance 160 Amount receives the first detecting voltage DE1, and when the first detecting voltage DE1 is less than the first reference voltage VR1, controller 174 is in pre- If starting to generate the first pulse signal P1 and its corresponding first clock signal clk1 in period Tmin, to be sent to turn-on time Adjuster 176.Controller 174 also generates third digital signals D3 according to the first pulse signal P1, is sent to the second electronics Switch 178 is to switch on off state.Assuming that two bit BS1, BS2 00 of initial count value, lower counting critical value are 00, upper meter Number critical value is 11.Controller 174 sends two bit BS1, BS2 of initial count value to turn-on time adjusters 176 simultaneously.
In turn-on time adjuster 176,2 the 4th electronic switches 190 due to the initial count value received position BS1, BS2 is all 0, therefore closed state is presented.And first clock signal clk1 at the beginning be positive pulse signal, remaining time be low level Signal, the first pulse signal P1 are promoted from negative edge to positive edge at the beginning, therefore third electronic switch 184 at the beginning open by transient state, makes Voltage on capacitance 186 is zero, and comparator 188 is allowed to compare the voltage on capacitance 186 and the second reference voltage VR2, low to generate The initial pulse signal PS of voltage quasi position.Then, the first electric current that the first current source 180 generates charges to capacitance 186 immediately, when When voltage on capacitance 186 reaches the second reference voltage VR2, initial pulse signal PS is promoted from negative edge to positive edge, and then is controlled First pulse signal P1 drops to negative edge from positive edge, this negative edge is to the herein at least maintained until default period Tmin terminates Two clock signal clk2 terminate when occurring.It presets in period Tmin herein, controller 174 can capture the first clock according to time order and function Five frequency value Fs of signal clk1.Controller 174 is by lower frequency critical value and upper frequency critical value one of which, with each frequency After rate value F is sequentially calculated with count condition, find result sequentially be respectively less than lower frequency critical value, less than lower frequency it is critical Value is less than lower frequency critical value, is less than lower frequency critical value, being less than lower frequency critical value, therefore two bit B1, B2 of total count value It is 11.This five frequency value Fs are not limited to measure in the single cycle of the first clock signal clk1, can also be interrogated in the first clock It is measured in the different cycles of number clk1.
First pulse signal P1 can be sent to the driver 168 positioned at primary side by coupling element 166 from secondary side, with Driver 168 is controlled to stop generating third pulse signal P3.Finally, driver 168 amplifies the first pulse signal P1, generates first Digital signals D1, and be sent in the first electronic switch 170, make the first electronic switch 170 according to the first digital signals D1 Switch on off state, input voltage V is received by input terminal 156 to control transformer 158IN, and then adjust output signal.Specifically For, when the first digital signals D1 is low level signal, the switching of the first electronic switch 170 is in off state, and controls transformation Device 158 increases output signal.When the first digital signals D1 is high levle signal, the first electronic switch 170 is switched to opening state State, and control transformer 158 and reduce output signal.
Then, electric signal acquisition device 172 receives output signal again, to capture the second of this corresponding output signal from this After detecting voltage DE2, controller 174 is output this to.Controller 174 is provided using transformer 158 and output capacitance 160 Energy receives the second detecting voltage DE2, and when the second detecting voltage DE2 is less than the first reference voltage VR1, controller 174 in Start to generate the second pulse signal P2 and its corresponding second clock signal clk2 in default period Tmin, when being sent to conducting Between adjuster 176.Controller 174 also generates third digital signals D3 according to the second pulse signal P2, is sent to the second electricity Sub switch 178 is to switch on off state.Controller 174 sends two bit B1, B2 of total count value to turn-on time tune simultaneously Save device 176.
In turn-on time adjuster 176, position B1, the B2 of 2 the 4th electronic switches 190 due to the total count value received It is all 1, therefore open state is presented.And second clock signal clk2 is positive pulse signal at the beginning, remaining time interrogates for low level Number, the second pulse signal P2 is promoted from negative edge to positive edge at the beginning, therefore third electronic switch 184 at the beginning open by transient state, makes electricity The voltage held on 186 is zero, allows comparator 188 to compare the voltage on capacitance 186 and the second reference voltage VR2, to generate low electricity Press the 4th pulse signal P4 of level.Then, what the first electric current and the second current source 192 that the first current source 180 generates generated Second electric current charges to capacitance 186 immediately, when the voltage on capacitance 186 arrives again at the second reference voltage VR2, the 4th pulse wave Signal P4 is promoted from negative edge to positive edge, and then is controlled the second pulse signal P2 and dropped to negative edge from positive edge, this negative edge is at least kept Until default period Tmin terminates.Since current capacitance 186 can faster reach second with reference to electricity compared to the first electric current is only received VR2 is pressed, therefore the time point that the second pulse signal P2 drops to negative edge from positive edge declines compared to the first pulse signal P1 from positive edge Time point to negative edge can shift to an earlier date, i.e., the second pulse signal P2 is kept for the time of high voltage level can be than the first pulse signal P1 Kept for the time of high voltage level short.
Second pulse signal P2 can be sent to by coupling element 166 from secondary side the driver 168 positioned at primary side.Most Afterwards, driver 168 amplifies the second pulse signal P2, generates the second digital signals D2, and be sent to the first electronic switch 170 In, so that the first electronic switch 170 is switched on off state according to the second digital signals D2, passes through input terminal to control transformer 158 156 receive input voltage VIN, and then adjust output signal.Specifically, when the second digital signals D2 is low level signal, the The switching of one electronic switch 170 is in off state, and is controlled transformer 158 and increased output signal.When the second digital signals D2 is height When level signal, the first electronic switch 170 is switched to open state, and controls transformer 158 and reduce output signal.Due to second Pulse signal P2 is kept for the time of high voltage level kept for the time of high voltage level short compared with the first pulse signal P1, therefore the second number Position signal D2 is kept for the time of high voltage level kept for the time of high voltage level short compared with the first digital signals D1, this will lead to ton Become smaller, enter audio zone to avoid switching frequency f and reduces the energy ingredient of its noise.
Above-described embodiment is that controller 174 is started operation using the energy that transformer 158 provides, it is therefore desirable to driver 168 receive input voltage VINThird pulse signal P3 is generated, thereby to switch the first electronic switch 170, and driving transformer 158, which provide energy to secondary side just, can be such that controller 174 operates.If but there is an external circuit to be directly connected to controller 174, and give When giving its energy and being operated, then driver 168 is no longer needed for generating third pulse signal P3 to drive the first electronic switch 170 with transformer 158.Entire suitching type conversion equipment directly can receive output signal from electric signal acquisition device 172 and start operation.
Please continue to refer to Figure 21, Figure 22 and Figure 24.In the analog waveform of Figure 24, the positive pulse waveforms stands of DOWN signals Total count value subtracts 1, and the positive pulse waveforms stands total count value of UP signals, which adds the high levle waveforms stands of 1, LD to load 162, becomes light It carries, the low level waveforms stands numerical value that the high levle waveforms stands numerical value of B1 or B2 are 1, B1 or B2 is 0.As shown in Figure 2, when negative Carrying 162 becomes at light load, IODecline.When frequency value F one is less than lower frequency critical value, there is positive pulse waveform in UP signals, At this time the position B1 and B2 of total count value can corresponding 1 and 0 variation, and become high levle waveform, to be detached from audio zone.Work as frequency values When F mono- is higher than upper frequency critical value, there is positive pulse waveform in DOWN signals, and the position B1 and B2 of total count value can corresponding 1 at this time With 0 variation, and become low level waveform.
Transformer 10, electronic switch 12, load 14, output capacitance 15, divider 16, processor 18, photo-coupler 20, control Device 22 processed, diode 24, input terminal 26, transformer 28, diode 29, output capacitance 30, load 31, processor 32, coupling member Part 34, driver 36, the first electronic switch 38, electric signal acquisition device 40, controller 42, the second electronic switch 44, external circuit 46, divider 48, resistance 50, comparator 52, resistance 54, control switching circuit 56, bias circuit 58, buffer 60, reverser 62, third electronic switch 64, the 4th electronic switch 66, the first wafer cell 68, dielectric layer 70, the second wafer cell 72, input End 74, transformer 76, diode 77, load 78, output capacitance 79, processor 80, coupling element 82, driver 84, electronic cutting Pass 86, current-to-voltage convertor 88, divider 90, filter 92, adder 94, controller 96, resistance 98, amplifier 100 are defeated Enter end 102, transformer 104, output capacitance 105, load 106, driver 108, coupling element 110, processor 112, the first electricity Sub switch 114, electric signal acquisition device 116, controller 118, the second electronic switch 120, input terminal 122, transformer 124, output Capacitance 126, load 128, driver 130, the first electronic switch 132, processor 134, coupling element 136, electric signal acquisition device 138, turn-on time adjuster 140, controller 142, the second electronic switch 144, sampling retainer 146, dependent current source 148, Third electronic switch 150, capacitance 152, comparator 154, input terminal 156, transformer 158, output capacitance 160, load 162, place Manage device 164, coupling element 166, driver 168, the first electronic switch 170, electric signal acquisition device 172, controller 174, conducting Time regulator 176, the second electronic switch 178, the first current source 180, current generator 182, third electronic switch 184, electricity Appearance 186, comparator 188, the 4th electronic switch 190, the second current source 192.
In conclusion the present invention is located at the conducting of the electronic switch of the primary side of transformer using the signal deciding of secondary side With the time of closing, and then output signal is adjusted, while reaching various purposes.

Claims (15)

1. a kind of fixed turn-on time (constant on-time, COT) suitching type conversion equipment, which is characterized in that it is connected One input terminal, the input terminal receive an input voltage, which includes：
One transformer, with primary side and secondary side, which connects input terminal, one load of secondary side connection；
One processor, connection secondary side and load, and receive one and start voltage, and receive the output voltage or one defeated in load Go out electric current, to generate a control signal with startup voltage accordingly；
An at least coupling element, connection processing device, and be separately connected primary side and secondary side, with transmission control signal to primary Side；
One driver connects primary side and coupling element, to receive control signal, and is amplified, and generates one first numerical digit news Number；And
One first electronic switch connects primary side and driver, to receive the first digital signals, and switches on off state accordingly, Input voltage is received through input terminal to control transformer, and then adjusts output voltage and output current, first electronic switch The time span of on off state be promoted to the time point of positive edge and the positive edge drops to the negative edge by the negative edge of control signal Time point is determined that the switching frequency f of the first electronic switch is indicated with formula (2) when system operatio is in non-continuous mode：
Wherein VINFor input voltage, VOFor output voltage, IOFor output current, L is the inductance value of transformer 124, tonIt is described The time span that first electronic switch is opened.
2. fixed turn-on time suitching type conversion equipment as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the driver connection is defeated Enter end, to receive input voltage, thereby generate one first pulse signal to the first electronic switch in, first electronic switch according to First pulse signal switches on off state, input voltage is received by input terminal to control transformer, with defeated in being generated in load Go out voltage and output current, and provide startup voltage using transformer and generate control signal to processor, receives and control in driver When signal processed, stop generating the first pulse signal.
3. fixed turn-on time suitching type conversion equipment as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the processor is also connected with One external circuit provides and starts voltage to processor.
4. fixed turn-on time suitching type conversion equipment as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that also include a diode, Its anode connection secondary side, cathode connection load, transformer receive input voltage, with by diode adjust output voltage with it is defeated Go out electric current.
5. fixed turn-on time suitching type conversion equipment as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the processor also wraps Contain：
One electric signal acquisition device, connection secondary side and load, to capture partial pressure or the corresponding sense of output current in output voltage Survey voltage；And
One controller receives and starts voltage, and controller connects coupling element, secondary side and electric signal acquisition device, to receive partial pressure Or sensing voltage, and accordingly control signal is generated with startup voltage.
6. fixed turn-on time suitching type conversion equipment as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that also include one second electronics Switch connects between secondary side and load, and connects controller, and when controller generates control signal, controller is according to dividing Pressure or sensing voltage one of which and startup voltage generate one second digital signals to the second electronic switch, with the first electricity of switching Sub switch in opposite conducting state or is simultaneously closed off with the second electronic switch.
7. fixed turn-on time suitching type conversion equipment as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that second electronic switch is Imitate effect transistor in N channel Metal-oxide-semicondutor field.
8. fixed turn-on time suitching type conversion equipment as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that the controller is preset with One reference voltage, when partial pressure is less than the reference voltage, control signal is second pulse signal in an at least period, second arteries and veins The voltage of the preceding half cycle in each period of wave signal is high voltage level, and the voltage of second half is low voltage level, is being divided When more than the reference voltage, control signal is low voltage level.
9. fixed turn-on time suitching type conversion equipment as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that the controller is preset with One reference voltage, when sensing voltage is less than the reference voltage, control signal is second pulse signal in an at least period, this The voltage of the preceding half cycle in each period of two pulse signals is high voltage level, and the voltage of second half is low voltage level, When sensing voltage is more than the reference voltage, control signal is low voltage level.
10. fixed turn-on time suitching type conversion equipment as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that when the electric signal is picked Take device be divider when, the divider capture partial pressure.
11. fixed turn-on time suitching type conversion equipment as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that when the electric signal is picked When to take device be resistance, output current is by the resistance, in generating sensing voltage on the resistance.
12. fixed turn-on time suitching type conversion equipment as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that the controller, coupling Element is integrated in driver in an encapsulating structure.
13. fixed turn-on time suitching type conversion equipment as claimed in claim 12, which is characterized in that the coupling element is Capacitance, the encapsulating structure are stacked by one first wafer cell, a dielectric layer and one second wafer cell, the first chip list It is formed with controller in member, driver is formed in second wafer cell, capacitance is by the first wafer cell, dielectric layer and second Wafer cell is formed.
14. fixed turn-on time suitching type conversion equipment as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that first electronic cutting Close is N channel metal-oxide semiconductor fieldeffect transistor or bipolar transistor.
15. fixed turn-on time suitching type conversion equipment as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the coupling element is Capacitance, transformer, piezoelectric element or optical coupling element.
CN201410483054.8A 2014-09-19 2014-09-19 Fixed turn-on time suitching type conversion equipment Active CN105490541B (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201410483054.8A CN105490541B (en) 2014-09-19 2014-09-19 Fixed turn-on time suitching type conversion equipment
JP2017515836A JP6570623B2 (en) 2014-09-19 2015-09-16 Constant on-time (COT) control in isolated converters
EP15841947.3A EP3195455A4 (en) 2014-09-19 2015-09-16 Constant on-time (cot) control in isolated converter
KR1020177008378A KR101883708B1 (en) 2014-09-19 2015-09-16 Constant on-time(cot) control in isolated converter
PCT/US2015/050528 WO2016044489A1 (en) 2014-09-19 2015-09-16 Constant on-time (cot) control in isolated converter
PH12017500477A PH12017500477A1 (en) 2014-09-19 2017-03-13 Constant on-time (cot) control in isolated converter

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201410483054.8A CN105490541B (en) 2014-09-19 2014-09-19 Fixed turn-on time suitching type conversion equipment

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN105490541A CN105490541A (en) 2016-04-13
CN105490541B true CN105490541B (en) 2018-08-03

Family

ID=55533818

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201410483054.8A Active CN105490541B (en) 2014-09-19 2014-09-19 Fixed turn-on time suitching type conversion equipment

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3195455A4 (en)
JP (1) JP6570623B2 (en)
KR (1) KR101883708B1 (en)
CN (1) CN105490541B (en)
PH (1) PH12017500477A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2016044489A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
TWI688194B (en) * 2019-03-08 2020-03-11 宏碁股份有限公司 Power supply circuit
CN110022050A (en) * 2019-04-28 2019-07-16 国网江西省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 A kind of frequency changing power device
TWI699640B (en) * 2019-05-16 2020-07-21 晶豪科技股份有限公司 Contstant on-time controller and buck regulator device using the same
CN114400899B (en) * 2020-11-16 2023-07-18 上海百功半导体有限公司 Novel zero-voltage switching control circuit, method and voltage converter

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1599972A (en) * 2001-12-06 2005-03-23 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 A power converter
CN103051192A (en) * 2012-12-12 2013-04-17 青岛联盟电子仪器有限公司 Flyback switching circuit controlled in double-peak current mode
CN103904903A (en) * 2010-12-15 2014-07-02 立锜科技股份有限公司 Flyback converter

Family Cites Families (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS59178969A (en) * 1983-03-29 1984-10-11 Fujitsu Ltd Dc/dc converter
KR100326344B1 (en) * 1993-03-17 2002-10-11 내셔널 세미콘덕터 코포레이션 Frequency Shift Circuit for Switching Regulator
US5841641A (en) * 1996-05-01 1998-11-24 Compaq Computer Corporation Protected zero-crossing detection using switching transistor's on-resistance
US5757626A (en) * 1996-06-21 1998-05-26 Delta Electronics Inc. Single-stage, single-switch, islolated power-supply technique with input-current shaping and fast output-voltage regulation
JP3429417B2 (en) * 1996-11-15 2003-07-22 新電元工業株式会社 Forward type DC-DC converter
JP4210803B2 (en) * 1998-05-11 2009-01-21 サンケン電気株式会社 Synchronous rectification type DC-DC converter
US6456511B1 (en) * 2000-02-17 2002-09-24 Tyco Electronics Corporation Start-up circuit for flyback converter having secondary pulse width modulation
US7023717B2 (en) * 2001-05-10 2006-04-04 Fidelix Y.K. Switching power supply apparatus
US6510062B2 (en) * 2001-06-25 2003-01-21 Switch Power, Inc. Method and circuit to bias output-side width modulation control in an isolating voltage converter system
US6885016B2 (en) * 2001-09-04 2005-04-26 Eugene Robert Worley Switching power supply circuit using a silicon based LED for feedback
JP5152185B2 (en) * 2007-06-29 2013-02-27 株式会社村田製作所 Switching power supply
US7911815B2 (en) * 2008-12-31 2011-03-22 Grenergy Opto, Inc. Primary-side feedback control device and related method for a power converter
JP5143104B2 (en) * 2009-09-30 2013-02-13 コーセル株式会社 Switching power supply
US8451628B2 (en) * 2010-04-01 2013-05-28 Analog Devices, Inc. Switching converter systems with isolating digital feedback loops
JP5170165B2 (en) * 2010-06-11 2013-03-27 株式会社村田製作所 Isolated switching power supply
EP2697900B1 (en) * 2011-04-15 2015-06-03 Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (publ) Switched mode power supply with a simplified start-up supply
JP2013021785A (en) * 2011-07-08 2013-01-31 Brintz Technologie Co Ltd Power supply control method and power supply control device
US20130016535A1 (en) * 2011-07-12 2013-01-17 Power Systems Technologies, Ltd. Controller for a Power Converter and Method of Operating the Same
US20130229832A1 (en) * 2012-03-02 2013-09-05 Apple Inc. Controlling a flyback converter for use with a computer system
CN202931197U (en) * 2012-10-11 2013-05-08 无锡市晶源微电子有限公司 Flyback converter based on transformer transformation
US9136765B2 (en) * 2013-03-08 2015-09-15 Power Integrations, Inc. Techniques for controlling a power converter using multiple controllers

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1599972A (en) * 2001-12-06 2005-03-23 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 A power converter
CN103904903A (en) * 2010-12-15 2014-07-02 立锜科技股份有限公司 Flyback converter
CN103051192A (en) * 2012-12-12 2013-04-17 青岛联盟电子仪器有限公司 Flyback switching circuit controlled in double-peak current mode

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR20170045328A (en) 2017-04-26
PH12017500477B1 (en) 2017-08-07
EP3195455A1 (en) 2017-07-26
JP6570623B2 (en) 2019-09-04
JP2017529050A (en) 2017-09-28
PH12017500477A1 (en) 2017-08-07
EP3195455A4 (en) 2018-05-30
WO2016044489A1 (en) 2016-03-24
KR101883708B1 (en) 2018-07-31
CN105490541A (en) 2016-04-13

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US9577543B2 (en) Constant on time (COT) control in isolated converter
US9954455B2 (en) Constant on time COT control in isolated converter
US10651750B2 (en) Constant on-time (COT) control in isolated converter
CN105490541B (en) Fixed turn-on time suitching type conversion equipment
US9548667B2 (en) Constant on-time (COT) control in isolated converter
CN105490545B (en) Fixed turn-on time suitching type conversion equipment
US9577542B2 (en) Constant on-time (COT) control in isolated converter
CN105490567B (en) Fixed ON time suitching type conversion equipment
CN105490540B (en) Fixed turn-on time suitching type conversion equipment
CN105490542A (en) Constant on-time switching converter

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
C06 Publication
PB01 Publication
C10 Entry into substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
GR01 Patent grant