CN105482460A - 一种硅橡胶海绵的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种硅橡胶海绵的制备方法,属于硅橡胶海绵领域。本发明向松香、猪蹄角中加碱得皂化混合液,再与骨胶液混合得松香蛋白胶发泡液,将有机硅橡胶生料、白炭黑和纳米二氧化硅混炼,混炼后置于平板硫化机进行辐射交联硫化处理,处理后转入双辊开炼机中,加入松香蛋白胶发泡液和含氢硅油进行发泡得硅橡胶海绵胶料,最后挤出、造粒得硅橡胶海绵,本发明制备出的生物发泡剂无臭、无毒、无污染、分解时生热低且贮存稳定,采用辐射交联硫化处理,使硅橡胶胶料获得适当的交联度,制备出的硅橡胶海绵泡孔细小均匀,加入白炭黑,可以使硅橡胶的泡孔直径减小,增强拉伸强度和降低压缩永久变形。
Description
技术领域
本发明公开了一种硅橡胶海绵的制备方法,属于硅橡胶海绵领域。
背景技术
硅橡胶具有典型的聚硅氧烷特性,主链由重复的Si-O键组成,结合十分牢固,使硅橡胶具有耐热、耐候、抗氧化、阻燃、耐辐射及生理惰性等特性。采用发泡方法可以提高硅橡胶的可压缩率和降低生产成本。发泡后的硅橡胶海绵不仅密度降低,而且具有优异的减震性、隔音性、隔热性,在航空航天、电子电气、汽车、建筑、仪器仪表、医疗卫生等行业中都有广泛的应用。橡胶海绵挤出成型是自动化程度较高的连续成型方法,具有高效、节能的特点。
硫化过程与发泡过程匹配是制备泡孔结构与性能优良的泡沫材料的关键,做到这一点很不容易,因为发泡剂和过氧化物硫化剂对温度均非常敏感,温度每升高10度,硫化速度和发泡剂的分解速度均成倍增加;此外,过氧化物硫化剂易受发泡剂分解残留物的影响,酸性物质和易产生氢的物质容易使过氧化物产生的自由基钝化,降低交联效率。为了调节过氧化物的交联速度,往往需要加入一种或几种硫化促进剂,反复进行配方与工艺的研究,以达到交联速度与发泡速度的匹配。此外,过氧化物交联的均匀性受其在硅橡胶中分散状态的影响,特别是对于发泡胶料,传热性差,内部受热慢于表层,往往造成胶料的表层和内部交联程度不一致,泡沫的密度也不均匀,且表皮较厚。
发明内容
本发明主要解决的技术问题:针对目前传统硅橡胶海绵制备过程中使用的化学发泡剂分解会产生对环境有害的有毒副产物,而且泡沫的密度不均匀、表皮较厚,而常用的过氧化物硫化剂交联时,有大量小分子残留在胶料中,容易引起硅橡胶发黄,使用寿命下降的缺点,提供了一种硅橡胶海绵的制备方法,首先向松香、猪蹄角中加碱得皂化混合液,再与骨胶液混合得松香蛋白胶发泡液,将有机硅橡胶生料、白炭黑和纳米二氧化硅混炼,混炼后置于平板硫化机进行辐射交联硫化处理,处理后转入双辊开炼机中,加入松香蛋白胶发泡液和含氢硅油进行发泡得硅橡胶海绵胶料,最后挤出、造粒得硅橡胶海绵,本发明制备出的生物发泡剂无臭、无毒、无污染、分解时生热低且贮存稳定,采用辐射交联硫化处理,使硅橡胶胶料获得适当的交联度,制备出的硅橡胶海绵泡孔细小均匀,加入白炭黑,可以使硅橡胶的泡孔直径减小,增强拉伸强度和降低压缩永久变形。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明所采用的技术方案是:
(1)分别称取20~30g松香和10~15g猪蹄角放入石臼中,用石杵捣碎,将捣碎后的松香和猪蹄角碎片混合后放入刚玉研钵中研磨成粉,得混合粉末备用,再量取1~2L浓度为1mol/L烧碱溶液,加热至沸腾后,将30~40g混合粉末在不断搅拌下缓慢加入,继续熬煮2~4h,得皂化混合液;
(2)称取5~10g骨胶倒入100~200mL温度为50~60℃蒸馏水中浸泡20~24h,形成骨胶液,再将50~100mL骨胶液逐滴滴入上述皂化混合液中,控制滴加速度使其20~30min内滴加完毕,水浴升温至60~70℃保温搅拌1~2h后得到松香蛋白胶发泡液,备用;
(3)向捏合机中分别加入500~600g有机硅橡胶生料、10~20g白炭黑和3~5g纳米二氧化硅粉末,混合均匀后于180~200℃下混炼2~3h出料,将混炼好的胶料均匀放置于平板硫化机上,常温下以5~10MPa的压力压成1~2mm厚薄片,用电子加速器对其进行辐射交联硫化处理;
(4)将300~400g上述辐射交联硫化后的物料转入双辊开炼机中,保持辊温为40~50℃,依次加入50~100mL备用的松香蛋白胶发泡液和10~20mL含氢硅油,保温炼制5~10min后出料转入不锈钢模具中,在180~200℃下发泡10~15min,得硅橡胶海绵胶料;
(5)将上述硅橡胶海绵胶料放入双螺杆挤出机中挤出造粒后移入烘箱,在105~110℃下干燥至恒重,即得一种硅橡胶海绵。
所述的双螺杆挤出机参数为一区:140℃,二区:160℃,三区:175℃,四区:180℃,五区:190℃,六区:180℃,七区:170℃,挤出机转速为50~60r/min,机头温度为160~170℃。
本发明制得的硅橡胶海绵密度为0.32~0.76g·cm-3,孔径为25~50μm,发泡倍率1.31~2.56,回弹率为25~35%,拉伸强度为0.86~1.98MPa,拉断伸长率为230~280%,压缩永久变形为5.9~6.5%。
本发明的有益效果是:
(1)本发明制备出的生物发泡剂无臭、无毒、无污染、分解时生热低且贮存稳定;
(2)本发明采用辐射交联硫化处理,交联方法简便、高效,使硅橡胶胶料获得适当的交联度,制备出的硅橡胶泡孔细小均匀、力学性能优异。
具体实施方式
首先分别称取20~30g松香和10~15g猪蹄角放入石臼中,用石杵捣碎,将捣碎后的松香和猪蹄角碎片混合后放入刚玉研钵中研磨成粉,得混合粉末备用,再量取1~2L浓度为1mol/L烧碱溶液,加热至沸腾后,将30~40g混合粉末在不断搅拌下缓慢加入,继续熬煮2~4h,得皂化混合液;称取5~10g骨胶倒入100~200mL温度为50~60℃蒸馏水中浸泡20~24h,形成骨胶液,再将50~100mL骨胶液逐滴滴入上述皂化混合液中,控制滴加速度使其20~30min内滴加完毕,水浴升温至60~70℃保温搅拌1~2h后得到松香蛋白胶发泡液,备用;向捏合机中分别加入500~600g有机硅橡胶生料、10~20g白炭黑和3~5g纳米二氧化硅粉末,混合均匀后于180~200℃下混炼2~3h出料,将混炼好的胶料均匀放置于平板硫化机上,常温下以5~10MPa的压力压成1~2mm厚薄片,用电子加速器对其进行辐射交联硫化处理;将300~400g辐射交联硫化后的物料转入双辊开炼机中,保持辊温为40~50℃,依次加入50~100mL备用的松香蛋白胶发泡液和10~20mL含氢硅油,保温炼制5~10min后出料转入不锈钢模具中,在180~200℃下发泡10~15min,得硅橡胶海绵胶料;将硅橡胶海绵胶料放入双螺杆挤出机中挤出造粒后移入烘箱,在105~110℃下干燥至恒重,即得一种硅橡胶海绵。
所述的电子加速器辐射剂量率为10~15kGy/h,电子束能量为1~2Mev,束流为30~50μA。
所述的双螺杆挤出机参数为一区:140℃,二区:160℃,三区:175℃,四区:180℃,五区:190℃,六区:180℃,七区:170℃,挤出机转速为50~60r/min,机头温度为160~170℃。
实例1
首先分别称取20g松香和10g猪蹄角放入石臼中,用石杵捣碎,将捣碎后的松香和猪蹄角碎片混合后放入刚玉研钵中研磨成粉,得混合粉末备用,再量取1L浓度为1mol/L烧碱溶液,加热至沸腾后,将30g混合粉末在不断搅拌下缓慢加入,继续熬煮2h,得皂化混合液;称取5g骨胶倒入100mL温度为50℃蒸馏水中浸泡20h,形成骨胶液,再将50mL骨胶液逐滴滴入上述皂化混合液中,控制滴加速度使其20min内滴加完毕,水浴升温至60℃保温搅拌1h后得到松香蛋白胶发泡液,备用;向捏合机中分别加入500g有机硅橡胶生料、10g白炭黑和3g纳米二氧化硅粉末,混合均匀后于180℃下混炼2h出料,将混炼好的胶料均匀放置于平板硫化机上,常温下以5MPa的压力压成1mm厚薄片,用电子加速器对其进行辐射交联硫化处理;将300g辐射交联硫化后的物料转入双辊开炼机中,保持辊温为40℃,依次加入50mL备用的松香蛋白胶发泡液和10mL含氢硅油,保温炼制5min后出料转入不锈钢模具中,在180℃下发泡10min,得硅橡胶海绵胶料;将硅橡胶海绵胶料放入双螺杆挤出机中挤出造粒后移入烘箱,在105℃下干燥至恒重,即得一种硅橡胶海绵。
所述的电子加速器辐射剂量率为10kGy/h,电子束能量为1Mev,束流为30μA。
所述的双螺杆挤出机参数为一区:140℃,二区:160℃,三区:175℃,四区:180℃,五区:190℃,六区:180℃,七区:170℃,挤出机转速为50r/min,机头温度为160℃。
本发明制得的硅橡胶海绵密度为0.32g·cm-3,孔径为25μm,发泡倍率1.31,回弹率为25%,拉伸强度为0.86MPa,拉断伸长率为230%,压缩永久变形为5.9%。
实例2
首先分别称取25g松香和13g猪蹄角放入石臼中,用石杵捣碎,将捣碎后的松香和猪蹄角碎片混合后放入刚玉研钵中研磨成粉,得混合粉末备用,再量取1.5L浓度为1mol/L烧碱溶液,加热至沸腾后,将35g混合粉末在不断搅拌下缓慢加入,继续熬煮3h,得皂化混合液;称取8g骨胶倒入150mL温度为55℃蒸馏水中浸泡22h,形成骨胶液,再将75mL骨胶液逐滴滴入上述皂化混合液中,控制滴加速度使其25min内滴加完毕,水浴升温至65℃保温搅拌1.5h后得到松香蛋白胶发泡液,备用;向捏合机中分别加入550g有机硅橡胶生料、15g白炭黑和4g纳米二氧化硅粉末,混合均匀后于190℃下混炼2.5h出料,将混炼好的胶料均匀放置于平板硫化机上,常温下以9MPa的压力压成1.5mm厚薄片,用电子加速器对其进行辐射交联硫化处理;将350g辐射交联硫化后的物料转入双辊开炼机中,保持辊温为45℃,依次加入75mL备用的松香蛋白胶发泡液和15mL含氢硅油,保温炼制7min后出料转入不锈钢模具中,在190℃下发泡13min,得硅橡胶海绵胶料;将硅橡胶海绵胶料放入双螺杆挤出机中挤出造粒后移入烘箱,在108℃下干燥至恒重,即得一种硅橡胶海绵。
所述的电子加速器辐射剂量率为13kGy/h,电子束能量为1.5Mev,束流为40μA。
所述的双螺杆挤出机参数为一区:140℃,二区:160℃,三区:175℃,四区:180℃,五区:190℃,六区:180℃,七区:170℃,挤出机转速为55r/min,机头温度为165℃。
本发明制得的硅橡胶海绵密度为0.58g·cm-3,孔径为37μm,发泡倍率1.96,回弹率为30%,拉伸强度为1.35MPa,拉断伸长率为260%,压缩永久变形为6.2%。
实例3
首先分别称取30g松香和15g猪蹄角放入石臼中,用石杵捣碎,将捣碎后的松香和猪蹄角碎片混合后放入刚玉研钵中研磨成粉,得混合粉末备用,再量取2L浓度为1mol/L烧碱溶液,加热至沸腾后,将40g混合粉末在不断搅拌下缓慢加入,继续熬煮4h,得皂化混合液;称取10g骨胶倒入200mL温度为60℃蒸馏水中浸泡24h,形成骨胶液,再将100mL骨胶液逐滴滴入上述皂化混合液中,控制滴加速度使其30min内滴加完毕,水浴升温至70℃保温搅拌2h后得到松香蛋白胶发泡液,备用;向捏合机中分别加入600g有机硅橡胶生料、20g白炭黑和5g纳米二氧化硅粉末,混合均匀后于200℃下混炼3h出料,将混炼好的胶料均匀放置于平板硫化机上,常温下以10MPa的压力压成2mm厚薄片,用电子加速器对其进行辐射交联硫化处理;将400g辐射交联硫化后的物料转入双辊开炼机中,保持辊温为50℃,依次加入100mL备用的松香蛋白胶发泡液和20mL含氢硅油,保温炼制10min后出料转入不锈钢模具中,在200℃下发泡15min,得硅橡胶海绵胶料;将硅橡胶海绵胶料放入双螺杆挤出机中挤出造粒后移入烘箱,在110℃下干燥至恒重,即得一种硅橡胶海绵。
所述的电子加速器辐射剂量率为15kGy/h,电子束能量为2Mev,束流为50μA。
所述的双螺杆挤出机参数为一区:140℃,二区:160℃,三区:175℃,四区:180℃,五区:190℃,六区:180℃,七区:170℃,挤出机转速为60r/min,机头温度为170℃。
本发明制得的硅橡胶海绵密度为0.76g·cm-3,孔径为50μm,发泡倍率2.56,回弹率为35%,拉伸强度为1.98MPa,拉断伸长率为280%,压缩永久变形为6.5%。
Claims (3)
1.一种硅橡胶海绵的制备方法,其特征在于具体制备步骤为:
(1)分别称取20~30g松香和10~15g猪蹄角放入石臼中,用石杵捣碎,将捣碎后的松香和猪蹄角碎片混合后放入刚玉研钵中研磨成粉,得混合粉末备用,再量取1~2L浓度为1mol/L烧碱溶液,加热至沸腾后,将30~40g混合粉末在不断搅拌下缓慢加入,继续熬煮2~4h,得皂化混合液;
(2)称取5~10g骨胶倒入100~200mL温度为50~60℃蒸馏水中浸泡20~24h,形成骨胶液,再将50~100mL骨胶液逐滴滴入上述皂化混合液中,控制滴加速度使其20~30min内滴加完毕,水浴升温至60~70℃保温搅拌1~2h后得到松香蛋白胶发泡液,备用;
(3)向捏合机中分别加入500~600g有机硅橡胶生料、10~20g白炭黑和3~5g纳米二氧化硅粉末,混合均匀后于180~200℃下混炼2~3h出料,将混炼好的胶料均匀放置于平板硫化机上,常温下以5~10MPa的压力压成1~2mm厚薄片,用电子加速器对其进行辐射交联硫化处理;
(4)将300~400g上述辐射交联硫化后的物料转入双辊开炼机中,保持辊温为40~50℃,依次加入50~100mL备用的松香蛋白胶发泡液和10~20mL含氢硅油,保温炼制5~10min后出料转入不锈钢模具中,在180~200℃下发泡10~15min,得硅橡胶海绵胶料;
(5)将上述硅橡胶海绵胶料放入双螺杆挤出机中挤出造粒后移入烘箱,在105~110℃下干燥至恒重,即得一种硅橡胶海绵。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种环保制备硅橡胶海绵的方法,其特征在于:所述的电子加速器辐射剂量率为10~15kGy/h,电子束能量为1~2Mev,束流为30~50μA。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种环保制备硅橡胶海绵的方法,其特征在于:所述的双螺杆挤出机参数为一区:140℃,二区:160℃,三区:175℃,四区:180℃,五区:190℃,六区:180℃,七区:170℃,挤出机转速为50~60r/min,机头温度为160~170℃。
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CN107599807A (zh) * | 2017-09-15 | 2018-01-19 | 王春良 | 一种防护垫 |
CN109266006A (zh) * | 2018-09-20 | 2019-01-25 | 陈太师 | 一种硅橡胶海绵的制备方法 |
CN113999464A (zh) * | 2021-12-17 | 2022-02-01 | 合肥汇东橡塑有限公司 | 一种橡塑发泡材料及其制备方法 |
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CN107599807A (zh) * | 2017-09-15 | 2018-01-19 | 王春良 | 一种防护垫 |
CN109266006A (zh) * | 2018-09-20 | 2019-01-25 | 陈太师 | 一种硅橡胶海绵的制备方法 |
CN113999464A (zh) * | 2021-12-17 | 2022-02-01 | 合肥汇东橡塑有限公司 | 一种橡塑发泡材料及其制备方法 |
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