CN105475272A - 一种乳化剂用复合助剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种乳化剂用复合助剂,其包括如下重量份的组分:环氧大豆油13~15份、乙醇1~3份、手性吡咯烷-2,5-二酮1~2份、表面活性剂1~3份。本发明还涉及上述复合助剂的制备方法。本发明可增加农药桶混时的乳化效果,提高农药喷施后的药效。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及农药溶剂技术领域,具体涉及一种乳化剂用复合助剂。
背景技术
农药剂型主要包括乳油、水乳剂、微乳剂和可溶性液剂,乳化剂由于其在使用过程中分散效果好,有效药物浓度高,使用时配制简单,一直以来受到广大农民的青睐,其生产过程中都会用到大量如甲苯、二甲苯等有机溶剂。这些有机溶剂价格低廉,对农药的溶解效果好,长期以来一直作为农药的溶剂,但是这些溶剂仅仅在溶解农药上发挥了作用,并不能有效的提高或者增加药效,加之在绿色环保的大趋势下,这种污染环境并可能对施药操作的人员造成危害的溶剂已经越来越不能满足发展的需要。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种环境友好且增效作用好的乳化剂用复合助剂。
本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种乳化剂用复合助剂,其包括如下重量份的组分:环氧大豆油13~15份、乙醇1~3份、手性吡咯烷-2,5-二酮1~2份、表面活性剂1~3份。
进一步的,所述表面活性剂为十六烷基三甲基溴化铵。
进一步的,所述手性吡咯烷-2,5-二酮为苹果酰亚胺和/或酒石酰亚胺。
优选的,所述手性吡咯烷-2,5-二酮为苹果酰亚胺和酒石酰亚胺,其质量比为2∶3。
进一步的,所述环氧大豆油由酶法制得。
进一步的,所述环氧大豆油的制备方法为:将大豆油、脂肪酶按照100重量份∶4重量份混合,搅拌升温至28℃,保温并向混合物中滴入质量分数为5%的过氧化氢溶液15重量份,继续保温并搅拌4小时后,离心、碱洗、水洗,最后干燥得到环氧大豆油。
作为优选,所述环氧大豆油14重量份、乙醇2重量份、苹果酰亚胺0.4重量份、酒石酰亚胺0.6重量份、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵2重量份。
一种制备上述乳化剂用复合助剂的方法,其方法为:称取所述重量份的各组分,先将十六烷基三甲基溴化铵溶于乙醇,然后再加入环氧大豆油,最后加入手性吡咯烷-2,5-二酮并在30~40℃下搅拌以充分混合,自然冷却后即得。
在制备方法中,所述混合温度为33℃。
本发明的有益效果在于:
(1)采用环氧大豆油作为主要成分,避免了直接使用纯天然植物油易发生氧化酸败的问题,不但有利于溶解农药,还可以防止苯等有机溶剂对环境和操作者的伤害。
(2)表面活性剂选用阳离子性表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵溶解在乙醇中,一方面可减少环氧大豆油溶剂的表面张力,对农药起到增溶作用,另一方面乙醇可以抑制十六烷基三甲基溴化铵在水中的发泡性能,强化乳化剂在溶于水后的乳化效果。
(3)手性吡咯烷-2,5-二酮与环氧大豆油和表面活性剂协同增效,更有利于农药在溶剂中的分散,提高农药药效。
(4)将十六烷基三甲基溴化铵溶于乙醇可以有效的提高其溶解度,温热条件下将各组分进行搅拌混合,不但能够提高各组分互溶效果,还有利于提高表面活性剂的乳化效果。
(5)环氧大豆油采用酶法制备,滴入过氧化氢可以有效的提高局部的含氧量,提高反应速率。同时避免大量过氧化氢的瞬时加入造成的氧的过快的释放速度,以及由此带来的过氧化氢易导致酶失活以及反应难以控制等问题。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明进行详细说明。本发明保护范围不限于实施例,本领域技术人员在权利要求限定的范围内做出任何改动也属于本发明保护的范围。
下列实施例和对比例中,所用到的环氧大豆油采用酶法制备,其具体方法为:取大豆油100kg、脂肪酶4kg混合,搅拌升温至28℃,保温并向上述大豆油和脂肪酶的混合物中滴入质量分数为5%的过氧化氢溶液15kg,流量控制在7.5kg/h,滴入过程中需要不断搅拌,过氧化氢滴完后继续保温并搅拌2小时,最后离心、碱洗、水洗、干燥,得到环氧大豆油。所述脂肪酶为假丝酵母99-125脂肪酶。
下列实施例和对比例中,所用到的乙醇为无水乙醇。
实施例1
取环氧大豆油13kg、乙醇1kg、苹果酰亚胺1.5kg、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵1kg。先将十六烷基三甲基溴化铵溶于乙醇,然后再加入环氧大豆油,最后加入手性吡咯烷-2,5-二酮,上述各组分于30℃下搅拌以充分混合,自然冷却后即得。
实施例2
取环氧大豆油15kg、乙醇3kg、酒石酰亚胺2kg、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵3kg。先将十六烷基三甲基溴化铵溶于乙醇,然后再加入环氧大豆油,最后加入手性吡咯烷-2,5-二酮,上述各组分于40℃下搅拌以充分混合,自然冷却后即得。
实施例3
取环氧大豆油14kg、乙醇2kg、苹果酰亚胺0.4kg、酒石酰亚胺0.6kg、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵2kg。先将十六烷基三甲基溴化铵溶于乙醇,然后再加入环氧大豆油,最后加入手性吡咯烷-2,5-二酮,上述各组分于33℃下搅拌以充分混合,自然冷却后即得。
对比例1
取环氧大豆油14kg、苹果酰亚胺0.4kg、酒石酰亚胺0.6kg。取环氧大豆油,加入手性吡咯烷-2,5-二酮,上述各组分于33℃下搅拌以充分混合,自然冷却后即得。
对比例2
取环氧大豆油14kg、乙醇2kg、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵2kg。先将十六烷基三甲基溴化铵溶于乙醇,然后再加入环氧大豆油,上述各组分于33℃下搅拌以充分混合,自然冷却后即得。
对比例3
取环氧大豆油14kg、乙醇2kg、苹果酰亚胺0.4kg、酒石酰亚胺0.6kg、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵2kg。先将十六烷基三甲基溴化铵溶于乙醇,然后再加入环氧大豆油,最后加入手性吡咯烷-2,5-二酮,上述各组分于常温(20℃)下搅拌以充分混合,即得。
效果例1产品理化指标(表1)
表1
如表1所示,实施例1~3所得产品的各理化指标均优于标准值,利用了环氧大豆油作为主要成分,在酸价的控制上,即便是在6个月以后再次进行测定,实施例1~3的酸价值依旧达标并且颜色也低于7,因此,实施例1~3的产品通过组合配方,协同发挥作用,有效的抑制了氧化酸败的现象。
效果例2防效实验
供试药剂:4%烟嘧磺隆OF。
试验作物:豫198玉米田。
试验处理:共3个处理,每个处理重复4次,共12个小区(随机排列)小区面积30平方米,于玉米3-5叶期,杂草2-4叶期进行茎叶处理,药剂量80毫升/亩,兑水量30公斤/亩。
表2效果调查(15天目测,30天称鲜重)
由表2看出,用实施例1~3作溶剂时,药效明显提高,总防效不低于93%。
效果例3
选择溴氰菊酯为供试药剂,溶剂与药剂的质量配比为2∶1,药剂受药量为0.02950微克/头。结果表明,实施例1~3任意一种作为溶剂时,害虫死亡率不低于60%,而以对比例1~3任意一种作为溶剂时,害虫死亡率最高不超过30%,相比之下,实施例1~3的溶剂对于农药的增效效果明显。
总之,结合效果例2和效果例3,相对于玉米油作溶剂或对比例1~3作溶剂时,实施例1~3均大幅提高了农药的药效,协同增效的效果明显。
效果例4
将实施例1~3所述的溶剂进行挥发性实验,与常用轻芳烃溶剂进行对比,结果如表3所示。
表3闪点和挥发率比较
由表3可知,实施例1~3的闪点和挥发率均较常见的轻芳烃溶剂要优异,因此其在生产、使用时,对人体的危害小、利于农药药效的发挥。
根据上述的实施例对本发明作了详细描述。需说明的是,以上的实施例仅为了举例说明发明而已。在不偏离本发明的精神和实质的前提下,本领域技术人员可以设计出本发明的多种替换方案和改进方案,其均应被理解为在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (4)
1.一种乳化剂用复合助剂,其特征在于,其包括如下重量份的组分:环氧大豆油13~15份、乙醇1~3份、手性吡咯烷-2,5-二酮1~2份、表面活性剂1~3份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种乳化剂用复合助剂,其特征在于,所述表面活性剂为十六烷基三甲基溴化铵。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种乳化剂用复合助剂,其特征在于,所述环氧大豆油由酶法制得。
4.一种制备权利要求3所述乳化剂用复合助剂的方法,其特征在于该方法为:称取所述重量份的各组分,先将十六烷基三甲基溴化铵溶于乙醇,然后再加入环氧大豆油,最后加入手性吡咯烷-2,5-二酮并在30~40℃下搅拌以充分混合,自然冷却后即得。
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