CN105475195A - 一种用废旧汽油桶无公害培养九孔鲍稚贝的方法 - Google Patents
一种用废旧汽油桶无公害培养九孔鲍稚贝的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105475195A CN105475195A CN201510916497.6A CN201510916497A CN105475195A CN 105475195 A CN105475195 A CN 105475195A CN 201510916497 A CN201510916497 A CN 201510916497A CN 105475195 A CN105475195 A CN 105475195A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/12—Unicellular algae; Culture media therefor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
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- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
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- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种用废旧汽油桶无公害培养九孔鲍稚贝的方法,属水产养殖领域。技术核心是先用玻璃鱼缸和聚乙烯细绳充气培养九孔鲍稚贝的3种饵料硅藻,后用废旧汽油桶、底栖硅藻和磁化海水培养稚贝。研究和实验结果表明,与传统技术相比,本发明废物利用,成本低,饵料系数低,设备简单,操作方便,对防治脱板症有良好效果,稚贝成活率高,生长快,体质健壮,生产不受季节限制,全年都可生产,稚贝成活率提高140%。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于水产养殖领域,尤其涉及一种用废旧汽油桶无公害培养九孔鲍稚贝的方法。
背景技术
九孔鲍Haliotisdiversicolorsupertexta是一种名贵海珍品,位居八大海珍之首。隶属软体动物门、腹足纲、前腮亚纲、原始腹足目、盾腮亚目、鲍科、鲍属。鲍体外有一坚厚贝壳,椭圆形。螺旋部极小,螺层3个,缝合线浅;体螺层极宽大,几占贝壳全部;壳顶钝,略高于体螺层壳面。自第2螺层中部开始至体螺层边缘,有30多个突起和小孔,前端突起小而不显著,末端8-9个特大,且开孔和内部相通。体螺层被突起和小孔形成的螺肋区分成上下两部,上部较宽大,成一倾斜面;下部窄小,前端与上部略呈垂直;壳面呈绿褐色,生长纹明显肋状;贝壳内面白色,有彩色光泽;壳口椭圆形,与体螺层大小几相等。体柔软,头部有细长触角和有柄眼各1对;腹面有吻,内具颚片和舌齿。足广阔,几与壳口相等。足分为上、下两部,上足覆盖下足,边缘生有多数小触手,从贝壳上的小孔伸出。在医药上,九孔鲍别名石决明,有清热、镇静、降血压、拟交感神经作用,中医用做清热明目药物。夜尿频、气虚哮喘、血压不稳、精神难以集中者宜多吃鲍鱼;也可辅助治疗糖尿病。
关于九孔鲍育苗和培养方法,过去王兴强等发明了一种九孔鲍刺参混养用抗应激饵料(申请号CN201510004117),该发明由13种以下重量百分比天然原料组成:白鱼粉10-15%,海带粉20-50%,紫菜8-15%,豆粕5-10%,海浮泥3-6%,海洋红酵母2-8%,石莼2-16%,单胞藻2-4%,卵磷脂1-4%,光合细菌0.5-1%,枯草芽孢杆菌0.5-1%,酪酸梭菌0.5-1%,壳聚糖0.5-1%。该发明饵料根据鲍参对环境响应、特别是温度响应的营养免疫机制设计,能增强鲍参免疫力,提高成活率和生长速度;而且迎合新的养殖模式,价格低廉,原料来源稳定,使用方便,缺点是制作工艺流程复杂,设备花钱多。另外,蔡俊鹏等发明了一种节水型的九孔鲍育苗方法(申请号CN201010271038)。该方法包括步骤:(1)培藻;(2)加营养盐;(3)采苗布卵:将培藻池换掉水后,加入蛭弧菌游泳体菌液,使池水中的蛭弧菌游泳体起始浓度达10-20个/mL;下苗时每池布九孔鲍受精卵4-5万粒;(4)换水:每隔5-30天换掉池水一次,每次换水后加入蛭弧菌游泳体菌液,使池水中的蛭弧菌游泳体浓度达到20-40个/mL;(5)剥离采收。该发明育苗方法对九孔鲍鲍苗的生长有明显促进作用,并极大提高了九孔鲍鲍苗存活率,同时改善了养殖环境水质。由于蛭弧菌游泳体对鲍鱼无毒副作用,因此适合于鲍鱼大规模工厂化养殖,为促进九孔鲍育苗提供了一种新的养殖技术,但生产受季节影响大,不稳定。刘建勇发明了一种杂色鲍幼虫的培育及择优装置(申请号CN201320679705),该实用新型包括一用于盛放过滤海水及受精卵的培育桶,所述培育桶为黑色;一盖于所述培育桶桶口的遮光板,所述遮光板为黑色,且所述遮光板上开设有一圆形透光孔;一用于将培育桶外的空气输送至培育桶内的输气机构;及一设置于所述培育桶上方位置的光源,所述光源发出的光通过所述圆形透光孔进入所述培育桶中,以利于幼虫择优时,幼虫趋光并集群;该实用新型的鲍鱼幼虫的培育及择优装置,使受精卵可以在该装置中孵化,培育,择优后再放入育苗池中继续培养,而且该装置结构简单,操作方便,幼虫培育效果好,选择效率高,特别适应育种生产上,对不同家系幼虫在小水体内的选择,但成本和能耗较高,生产不稳定。
九孔鲍是鲍属中重要养殖种类,主要分布在中国台湾和东南亚沿海。由于其经济性状好,养殖效益高,20世纪80年代末、90年代初从中国台湾移殖到大陆南方进行试养后,逐渐得到推广。目前大陆九孔鲍养殖业发展迅猛,养殖面积与产量与日俱增。据2010年统计,九孔鲍年育苗量6亿多粒,产值逾5-6亿元,工厂化养殖面积90-100万m2,年产量达4500多吨,成为我国南方福建和广东等沿海地区海水工厂化养殖重要种类。但自2010年以来,福建和广东等地相继发生九孔鲍苗种脱板症,即九孔鲍幼体自附着在附着基上以摄食底栖硅藻为主的40多天期间内,附着基上发生鲍苗大量脱落、死亡。这种现象日益严重,不少育苗场几乎全年育不出九孔鲍苗种。近几年,九孔鲍苗种因发生脱板症,几乎使养殖九孔鲍品种濒危。关于脱板症病因,许多学者从不同角度分析和探讨并提出相应预防和治疗措施,结果还是不理想。有的学者认为是饵料硅藻欠缺引起,有的怀疑为病毒感染死亡,有的认为溶藻弧菌为致病因子,但目前尚无定论。我的研究和实验证实,采用磁化水培养九孔鲍稚贝并投喂底栖硅藻咖啡形双眉藻Amphoracoffeaeformis、卵形藻Cocconeisspp.和柔软舟形藻Naviculamollis对防治脱板症有良好效果。
为了克服目前技术的不足,本发明公开了一种用废旧汽油桶无公害培养九孔鲍稚贝的方法,技术要点是先用玻璃鱼缸和聚乙烯细绳充气培养九孔鲍稚贝的3种饵料硅藻,后用废旧汽油桶、底栖硅藻和磁化海水培养稚贝。研究和实验结果表明,与传统技术相比,本发明废物利用,成本低,饵料系数低,设备简单,操作方便,对防治脱板症有良好效果,稚贝成活率高,生长快,体质健壮,生产不受季节限制,全年都可生产,稚贝成活率提高140%。
发明内容
为了克服目前技术的不足,本发明提供了一种用废旧汽油桶无公害培养九孔鲍稚贝的方法,方法如下:
步骤1三种底栖硅藻(咖啡形双眉藻、卵形藻和柔软舟形藻)培养液的配制
微藻培养液成分(重量份数比):氯化铵0.1-0.3份,硝酸钾0.2-04份,磷酸铵0.02-0.05份,尿素0.2-0.6份,麦饭石粉0.05-0.08份,柠檬酸铁0.002-0.004份,草酸胺0.08-0.1份,硫酸钾0.006-0.008份,硫酸亚铁铵0.2-0.3份,硅酸钠0.05-0.08份,碳酸氢钾0.7-0.9份,氯化锰0.03-0.06份,钼酸铵0.0004-0.008份,生物素0.001-0.003份,钼酸钠0.0006-0.008份,酒石酸钾钠0.01-0.03份,氯化锌0.07-0.09份,硼砂0.05-0.08份,木鱼石粉0.2-0.4份,三十烷醇0.00001-0.00003份,吲哚乙酸0.002-0.005份,发酵牛粪0.6-0.8份,人尿0.4-0.7份,磁化海水1000份。三种底栖硅藻咖啡形双眉藻、卵形藻和柔软舟形藻培养液成分配方相同。
步骤2三种底栖硅藻的培养
取3个形状、大小相同的玻璃鱼缸,大小为长×宽×高=80cm×70cm×60cm,玻璃厚度3-4毫米,分别加入步骤1所述的培养液250升,取生长旺盛、无污染、纯种的咖啡形双眉藻、卵形藻和柔软舟形藻分别接种,进行单种、纯种培养,第一个鱼缸(A缸)培养咖啡形双眉藻,第二个鱼缸(B缸)培养卵形藻,第三个缸(C缸)培养柔软舟形藻,接种密度分别为咖啡形双眉藻1-2万个细胞/毫升,卵形藻3-4万个细胞/毫升,柔软舟形藻2.5-3.5万个细胞/毫升。每个缸用白色、直径1-2毫米、长度为60厘米的40-60根聚乙烯细绳悬垂在藻液中,以供3种硅藻附着。细绳悬垂在木条上,木条置于鱼缸上面。将此3个鱼缸置于微藻培养室中培养,共培养8天,空调控温,LED节能灯提供照明,前4天温度和光照强度设为16-18℃和400-500lux,后4天调节为19-20℃和600-800lux,光照周期为16L∶8D,即每天光照16小时,黑暗8小时,循环往复,同时通过空气压缩机和料管充入混合气体,气体成分为V空气∶V臭氧∶V纯二氧化碳∶V纯氨气=96%∶2%∶1%∶1%(体积比),充气量每个鱼缸1-2升/分钟,料管末端连接一散气石,避免形成大的气泡。第5天每个鱼缸添加步骤1中所述新鲜培养液1000毫升,以补充营养盐的消耗,第6天每个鱼缸添加蒸馏水1200毫升,以补充因充气造成的水分损耗并稀释藻液,8天后,细绳上即附着了大量硅藻,将此细绳提出,转移到培养鲍稚贝的废旧汽油桶中,供稚贝刮食。
步骤3九孔鲍稚贝的培养
取一个200升废旧汽油桶,用铁皮剪剪去上盖,洗刷干净,用4-6%高锰酸钾溶液(重量比)浸泡24小时,再用煮沸冷却海水冲洗3遍,加入磁化海水160升,将九孔鲍面盘幼虫移入,进行培养,幼虫密度150-200个/升,将步骤1培养的三种硅藻连同聚乙烯细绳挂在桶中供幼虫刮食。每天挂三联,即每种硅藻各挂一帘,第二天把旧的细绳拿走,挂上新的细绳,但旧的细绳拿走之前要用细毛刷子轻轻把细绳上附着的幼虫刷掉。随着幼虫生长,体长每增大一倍,投饵量也增大一倍。将此汽油桶放在室内培养,空调控温,日光灯照明,温度设为18-20℃,光照强度设为500-800lux,用空气压缩机不间断充气,充气量为4-6升/分钟,充入混合气体,气体成分体成分为V空气∶V臭氧∶V纯氧气=98%∶1%∶1%(体积比);充气管末端连接一散气石。每天换水,前5天每天换掉30%,以后随着幼体生长,每天换水量增加5-8%。换水时用虹吸法,但要用100-120目的筛绢过滤,免得幼虫随水流走。为预防疾病,每隔3天泼洒土霉素一次,剂量为0.8克/立方米。经过15-20天的培育,稚鲍后端内脏团明显,体色变为淡粉红色或白色透明,再经过10-12天的培育,幼鲍壳长3.5-4.5毫米,稚贝培养结束,进入中间培育。
步骤2可替换为:
步骤2三种底栖硅藻的培养
取3个形状、大小相同的玻璃鱼缸,大小为长×宽×高=80cm×70cm×60cm,玻璃厚度3-4毫米,采用中药复合物消毒:所述中药复合物原料为,由以下28味中草药重量份数组成:千屈菜5份、大黄3份、红背菜0.4份、红天葵5-10份、锦灯笼5-10份、鸦胆子5份、虫瘿5份、泥炭藓5份、翠云草5份、荆芥穗5份、羌活3份、藁本3份、帝王花3份、黑及草2份、蛇床子2份、淫羊霍2份、吴茱萸2份;所述中药复合物是按照配比将所有原料混合后用粉碎机粉碎至20目的混合药粉,加入所述混合药粉的体积的3-5倍的去离子水,之后微波时间5-10min,微波功率800W-1000W,沉淀5-10分钟,取上清液即为所述中药复合物;
然后分别加入步骤1所述的培养液250升,取生长旺盛、无污染、纯种的咖啡形双眉藻、卵形藻和柔软舟形藻分别接种,进行单种、纯种培养,第一个鱼缸(A缸)培养咖啡形双眉藻,第二个鱼缸(B缸)培养卵形藻,第三个缸(C缸)培养柔软舟形藻,接种密度分别为咖啡形双眉藻1-2万个细胞/毫升,卵形藻3-4万个细胞/毫升,柔软舟形藻2.5-3.5万个细胞/毫升;每个缸用白色、直径1-2毫米、长度为60厘米的40-60根聚乙烯细绳悬垂在藻液中,以供3种硅藻附着;细绳悬垂在木条上,木条置于鱼缸上面;将此3个鱼缸置于微藻培养室中培养,共培养8天,空调控温,LED节能灯提供照明,前4天温度和光照强度设为16-18℃和400-500lux,后4天调节为19-20℃和600-800lux,光照周期为16L∶8D,即每天光照16小时,黑暗8小时,循环往复,同时通过空气压缩机和料管充入混合气体,气体成分为V空气∶V臭氧∶V纯二氧化碳∶V纯氨气=96%∶2%∶1%∶1%(体积比),充气量每个鱼缸1-2升/分钟,料管末端连接一散气石,避免形成大的气泡;第5天每个鱼缸添加步骤1中所述新鲜培养液1000毫升,以补充营养盐的消耗,第6天每个鱼缸添加蒸馏水1200毫升,以补充因充气造成的水分损耗并稀释藻液,8天后,细绳上即附着了大量硅藻,将此细绳提出,转移到培养鲍稚贝的废旧汽油桶中,供稚贝刮食;
有益结果
为了克服目前技术的不足,本发明公开了一种用废旧汽油桶无公害培养九孔鲍稚贝的方法,技术核心是先用玻璃鱼缸和聚乙烯细绳充气培养九孔鲍稚贝的3种饵料硅藻,后用废旧汽油桶、底栖硅藻和磁化海水培养稚贝。研究和实验结果表明,与传统技术相比,本发明废物利用,成本低,饵料系数低,设备简单,操作方便,对防治脱板症有良好效果,稚贝成活率高,生长快,体质健壮,生产不受季节限制,全年都可生产,稚贝成活率提高140%。
附图说明
图1用玻璃鱼缸充气培养3种底栖硅藻示意图;
箭头所指为充气气体走向;其中A缸培养咖啡形双眉藻,B缸培养卵形藻,C缸培养柔软舟形藻。
图2用废旧汽油桶培养九孔鲍稚贝示意图。
具体实施方式
一种用废旧汽油桶无公害培养九孔鲍稚贝的方法,步骤如下:
步骤1三种底栖硅藻(咖啡形双眉藻、卵形藻和柔软舟形藻)培养液的配制
微藻培养液成分(重量份数比):氯化铵0.1-0.3份,硝酸钾0.2-04份,磷酸铵0.02-0.05份,尿素0.2-0.6份,麦饭石粉0.05-0.08份,柠檬酸铁0.002-0.004份,草酸胺0.08-0.1份,硫酸钾0.006-0.008份,硫酸亚铁铵0.2-0.3份,硅酸钠0.05-0.08份,碳酸氢钾0.7-0.9份,氯化锰0.03-0.06份,钼酸铵0.0004-0.008份,生物素0.001-0.003份,钼酸钠0.0006-0.008份,酒石酸钾钠0.01-0.03份,氯化锌0.07-0.09份,硼砂0.05-0.08份,木鱼石粉0.2-0.4份,三十烷醇0.00001-0.00003份,吲哚乙酸0.002-0.005份,发酵牛粪0.6-0.8份,人尿0.4-0.7份,磁化海水1000份;三种底栖硅藻咖啡形双眉藻、卵形藻和柔软舟形藻培养液成分配方相同;
步骤2三种底栖硅藻的培养
取3个形状、大小相同的玻璃鱼缸,大小为长×宽×高=80cm×70cm×60cm,玻璃厚度3-4毫米,分别加入步骤1所述的培养液250升,取生长旺盛、无污染、纯种的咖啡形双眉藻、卵形藻和柔软舟形藻分别接种,进行单种、纯种培养,第一个鱼缸(A缸)培养咖啡形双眉藻,第二个鱼缸(B缸)培养卵形藻,第三个缸(C缸)培养柔软舟形藻,接种密度分别为咖啡形双眉藻1-2万个细胞/毫升,卵形藻3-4万个细胞/毫升,柔软舟形藻2.5-3.5万个细胞/毫升;每个缸用白色、直径1-2毫米、长度为60厘米的40-60根聚乙烯细绳悬垂在藻液中,以供3种硅藻附着;细绳悬垂在木条上,木条置于鱼缸上面;将此3个鱼缸置于微藻培养室中培养,共培养8天,空调控温,LED节能灯提供照明,前4天温度和光照强度设为16-18℃和400-500lux,后4天调节为19-20℃和600-800lux,光照周期为16L∶8D,即每天光照16小时,黑暗8小时,循环往复,同时通过空气压缩机和料管充入混合气体,气体成分为V空气∶V臭氧∶V纯二氧化碳∶V纯氨气=96%∶2%∶1%∶1%(体积比),充气量每个鱼缸1-2升/分钟,料管末端连接一散气石,避免形成大的气泡;第5天每个鱼缸添加步骤1中所述新鲜培养液1000毫升,以补充营养盐的消耗,第6天每个鱼缸添加蒸馏水1200毫升,以补充因充气造成的水分损耗并稀释藻液,8天后,细绳上即附着了大量硅藻,将此细绳提出,转移到培养鲍稚贝的废旧汽油桶中,供稚贝刮食;
步骤3九孔鲍稚贝的培养
取一个200升废旧汽油桶,用铁皮剪剪去上盖,洗刷干净,用4-6%高锰酸钾溶液(重量比)浸泡24小时,再用煮沸冷却海水冲洗3遍,加入磁化海水160升,将九孔鲍面盘幼虫移入,进行培养,幼虫密度150-200个/升,将步骤1培养的三种硅藻连同聚乙烯细绳挂在桶中供幼虫刮食;每天挂三联,即每种硅藻各挂一帘,第二天把旧的细绳拿走,挂上新的细绳,但旧的细绳拿走之前要用细毛刷子轻轻把细绳上附着的幼虫刷掉;随着幼虫生长,体长每增大一倍,投饵量也增大一倍;将此汽油桶放在室内培养,空调控温,日光灯照明,温度设为18-20℃,光照强度设为500-800lux,用空气压缩机不间断充气,充气量为4-6升/分钟,充入混合气体,气体成分体成分为V空气∶V臭氧∶V纯氧气=98%∶1%∶1%(体积比);充气管末端连接一散气石;每天换水,前5天每天换掉30%,以后随着幼体生长,每天换水量增加5-8%;换水时用虹吸法,但要用100-120目的筛绢过滤,免得幼虫随水流走;为预防疾病,每隔3天泼洒土霉素一次,剂量为0.8克/立方米;经过15-20天的培育,稚鲍后端内脏团明显,体色变为淡粉红色或白色透明,再经过10-12天的培育,幼鲍壳长3.5-4.5毫米,稚贝培养结束,进入中间培育。
步骤2可替换为:
步骤2三种底栖硅藻的培养
取3个形状、大小相同的玻璃鱼缸,大小为长×宽×高=80cm×70cm×60cm,玻璃厚度3-4毫米,采用中药复合物消毒:所述中药复合物原料为,由以下28味中草药重量份数组成:千屈菜5份、大黄3份、红背菜0.4份、红天葵5-10份、锦灯笼5-10份、鸦胆子5份、虫瘿5份、泥炭藓5份、翠云草5份、荆芥穗5份、羌活3份、藁本3份、帝王花3份、黑及草2份、蛇床子2份、淫羊霍2份、吴茱萸2份;所述中药复合物是按照配比将所有原料混合后用粉碎机粉碎至20目的混合药粉,加入所述混合药粉的体积的3-5倍的去离子水,之后微波时间5-10min,微波功率800W-1000W,沉淀5-10分钟,取上清液即为所述中药复合物;
然后分别加入步骤1所述的培养液250升,取生长旺盛、无污染、纯种的咖啡形双眉藻、卵形藻和柔软舟形藻分别接种,进行单种、纯种培养,第一个鱼缸(A缸)培养咖啡形双眉藻,第二个鱼缸(B缸)培养卵形藻,第三个缸(C缸)培养柔软舟形藻,接种密度分别为咖啡形双眉藻1-2万个细胞/毫升,卵形藻3-4万个细胞/毫升,柔软舟形藻2.5-3.5万个细胞/毫升;每个缸用白色、直径1-2毫米、长度为60厘米的40-60根聚乙烯细绳悬垂在藻液中,以供3种硅藻附着;细绳悬垂在木条上,木条置于鱼缸上面;将此3个鱼缸置于微藻培养室中培养,共培养8天,空调控温,LED节能灯提供照明,前4天温度和光照强度设为16-18℃和400-500lux,后4天调节为19-20℃和600-800lux,光照周期为16L∶8D,即每天光照16小时,黑暗8小时,循环往复,同时通过空气压缩机和料管充入混合气体,气体成分为V空气∶V臭氧∶V纯二氧化碳∶V纯氨气=96%∶2%∶1%∶1%(体积比),充气量每个鱼缸1-2升/分钟,料管末端连接一散气石,避免形成大的气泡;第5天每个鱼缸添加步骤1中所述新鲜培养液1000毫升,以补充营养盐的消耗,第6天每个鱼缸添加蒸馏水1200毫升,以补充因充气造成的水分损耗并稀释藻液,8天后,细绳上即附着了大量硅藻,将此细绳提出,转移到培养鲍稚贝的废旧汽油桶中,供稚贝刮食;
步骤1中所述氯化铵,硝酸钾,磷酸铵,柠檬酸铁,草酸胺,硫酸钾,硫酸亚铁铵,硅酸钠,碳酸氢钾,氯化锰,钼酸铵,生物素,钼酸钠,酒石酸钾钠,氯化锌,硼砂,三十烷醇,吲哚乙酸化学药品纯度均需化学纯级别;但尿素可以是普通农用化肥级别;
步骤1中所述人尿制备方法:取尿液,自然发酵72小时;取一3000毫升三角烧瓶,加入发酵过的尿液1500毫升,加热,煮沸4-5分钟,冷却,备用;
步骤2中接种用咖啡形双眉藻、卵形藻和柔软舟形藻预先进行提纯(本领域常规方法,只要实现提纯即可,例如米氏提取法),以确保接种时藻种为纯种且处于生长旺盛的指数生长期;
步骤1和3所述磁化海水制备方法:取海水,脱脂棉过滤,加热,煮沸3-5分钟,冷却,流经磁化水器后,即为磁化水;磁化水器磁感应强度为0.3T,流量为2-3t/h,流速为0.1-0.2m/s;
步骤1所述麦饭石粉和木鱼石粉制备方法:取麦饭石和木鱼石,粉碎机粉碎至面粉状,颗粒可通过100-120目筛绢即可;
步骤2和3所述聚乙烯细绳消毒方法:将细绳洗刷干净,后放在5%孔雀石绿溶液中(重量比)浸泡12小时,后用煮沸冷却海水冲洗干净即可;
步骤3所述稚贝培养期间水温须保持稳定,日温差不超过1℃,否则易造成幼体沉底死亡;
步骤1所述发酵牛粪制备方法:按重量份数比取牛粪50份,加入麸皮3份,玉米面1份,自来水4份,生石灰0.3份,充分搅拌,堆成圆锥状,外蒙一层黑色塑料薄膜,自然发酵15-18天,后摊成薄层,阳光下暴晒3-4天即得;
步骤2培养底栖硅藻过程中光照强度和温度不宜太高,否则绿藻类会大量繁殖,从而压制硅藻的生长和繁殖;
步骤3培养稚贝过程中光照强度也不宜过高,光照过强会产生其它藻类,同时藻类代谢过于旺盛,随之死亡,致使水中溶氧、pH值过高并败坏水质,不利于鲍幼体、稚鲍生长和存活。
最后应说明的是:以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明实施例技术方案的精神和范围。
Claims (2)
1.一种用废旧汽油桶无公害培养九孔鲍稚贝的方法,其特征在于步骤如下:
步骤1三种底栖硅藻(咖啡形双眉藻、卵形藻和柔软舟形藻)培养液的配制
微藻培养液成分(重量份数比):氯化铵0.1-0.3份,硝酸钾0.2-04份,磷酸铵0.02-0.05份,尿素0.2-0.6份,麦饭石粉0.05-0.08份,柠檬酸铁0.002-0.004份,草酸胺0.08-0.1份,硫酸钾0.006-0.008份,硫酸亚铁铵0.2-0.3份,硅酸钠0.05-0.08份,碳酸氢钾0.7-0.9份,氯化锰0.03-0.06份,钼酸铵0.0004-0.008份,生物素0.001-0.003份,钼酸钠0.0006-0.008份,酒石酸钾钠0.01-0.03份,氯化锌0.07-0.09份,硼砂0.05-0.08份,木鱼石粉0.2-0.4份,三十烷醇0.00001-0.00003份,吲哚乙酸0.002-0.005份,发酵牛粪0.6-0.8份,人尿0.4-0.7份,磁化海水1000份;三种底栖硅藻咖啡形双眉藻、卵形藻和柔软舟形藻培养液成分配方相同;
步骤2三种底栖硅藻的培养
取3个形状、大小相同的玻璃鱼缸,大小为长×宽×高=80cm×70cm×60cm,玻璃厚度3-4毫米,分别加入步骤1所述的培养液250升,取生长旺盛、无污染、纯种的咖啡形双眉藻、卵形藻和柔软舟形藻分别接种,进行单种、纯种培养,第一个鱼缸(A缸)培养咖啡形双眉藻,第二个鱼缸(B缸)培养卵形藻,第三个缸(C缸)培养柔软舟形藻,接种密度分别为咖啡形双眉藻1-2万个细胞/毫升,卵形藻3-4万个细胞/毫升,柔软舟形藻2.5-3.5万个细胞/毫升;每个缸用白色、直径1-2毫米、长度为60厘米的40-60根聚乙烯细绳悬垂在藻液中,以供3种硅藻附着;细绳悬垂在木条上,木条置于鱼缸上面;将此3个鱼缸置于微藻培养室中培养,共培养8天,空调控温,LED节能灯提供照明,前4天温度和光照强度设为16-18℃和400-500lux,后4天调节为19-20℃和600-800lux,光照周期为16L∶8D,即每天光照16小时,黑暗8小时,循环往复,同时通过空气压缩机和料管充入混合气体,气体成分为V空气∶V臭氧∶V纯二氧化碳∶V纯氨气=96%∶2%∶1%∶1%(体积比),充气量每个鱼缸1-2升/分钟,料管末端连接一散气石,避免形成大的气泡;第5天每个鱼缸添加步骤1中所述新鲜培养液1000毫升,以补充营养盐的消耗,第6天每个鱼缸添加蒸馏水1200毫升,以补充因充气造成的水分损耗并稀释藻液,8天后,细绳上即附着了大量硅藻,将此细绳提出,转移到培养鲍稚贝的废旧汽油桶中,供稚贝刮食;
步骤3九孔鲍稚贝的培养
取一个200升废旧汽油桶,用铁皮剪剪去上盖,洗刷干净,用4-6%高锰酸钾溶液(重量比)浸泡24小时,再用煮沸冷却海水冲洗3遍,加入磁化海水160升,将九孔鲍面盘幼虫移入,进行培养,幼虫密度150-200个/升,将步骤1培养的三种硅藻连同聚乙烯细绳挂在桶中供幼虫刮食;每天挂三联,即每种硅藻各挂一帘,第二天把旧的细绳拿走,挂上新的细绳,但旧的细绳拿走之前要用细毛刷子轻轻把细绳上附着的幼虫刷掉;随着幼虫生长,体长每增大一倍,投饵量也增大一倍;将此汽油桶放在室内培养,空调控温,日光灯照明,温度设为18-20℃,光照强度设为500-800lux,用空气压缩机不间断充气,充气量为4-6升/分钟,充入混合气体,气体成分体成分为V空气∶V臭氧∶V纯氧气=98%∶1%∶1%(体积比);充气管末端连接一散气石;每天换水,前5天每天换掉30%,以后随着幼体生长,每天换水量增加5-8%;换水时用虹吸法,但要用100-120目的筛绢过滤,免得幼虫随水流走;为预防疾病,每隔3天泼洒土霉素一次,剂量为0.8克/立方米;经过15-20天的培育,稚鲍后端内脏团明显,体色变为淡粉红色或白色透明,再经过10-12天的培育,幼鲍壳长3.5-4.5毫米,稚贝培养结束,进入中间培育。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种用废旧汽油桶无公害培养九孔鲍稚贝的方法,其特征在于:步骤2可替换为:
步骤2三种底栖硅藻的培养
取3个形状、大小相同的玻璃鱼缸,大小为长×宽×高=80cm×70cm×60cm,玻璃厚度3-4毫米,采用中药复合物消毒:所述中药复合物原料为,由以下28味中草药重量份数组成:千屈菜5份、大黄3份、红背菜0.4份、红天葵5-10份、锦灯笼5-10份、鸦胆子5份、虫瘿5份、泥炭藓5份、翠云草5份、荆芥穗5份、羌活3份、藁本3份、帝王花3份、黑及草2份、蛇床子2份、淫羊霍2份、吴茱萸2份;所述中药复合物是按照配比将所有原料混合后用粉碎机粉碎至20目的混合药粉,加入所述混合药粉的体积的3-5倍的去离子水,之后微波时间5-10min,微波功率800W-1000W,沉淀5-10分钟,取上清液即为所述中药复合物;
然后分别加入步骤1所述的培养液250升,取生长旺盛、无污染、纯种的咖啡形双眉藻、卵形藻和柔软舟形藻分别接种,进行单种、纯种培养,第一个鱼缸(A缸)培养咖啡形双眉藻,第二个鱼缸(B缸)培养卵形藻,第三个缸(C缸)培养柔软舟形藻,接种密度分别为咖啡形双眉藻1-2万个细胞/毫升,卵形藻3-4万个细胞/毫升,柔软舟形藻2.5-3.5万个细胞/毫升;每个缸用白色、直径1-2毫米、长度为60厘米的40-60根聚乙烯细绳悬垂在藻液中,以供3种硅藻附着;细绳悬垂在木条上,木条置于鱼缸上面;将此3个鱼缸置于微藻培养室中培养,共培养8天,空调控温,LED节能灯提供照明,前4天温度和光照强度设为16-18℃和400-500lux,后4天调节为19-20℃和600-800lux,光照周期为16L∶8D,即每天光照16小时,黑暗8小时,循环往复,同时通过空气压缩机和料管充入混合气体,气体成分为V空气∶V臭氧∶V纯二氧化碳∶V纯氨气=96%∶2%∶1%∶1%(体积比),充气量每个鱼缸1-2升/分钟,料管末端连接一散气石,避免形成大的气泡;第5天每个鱼缸添加步骤1中所述新鲜培养液1000毫升,以补充营养盐的消耗,第6天每个鱼缸添加蒸馏水1200毫升,以补充因充气造成的水分损耗并稀释藻液,8天后,细绳上即附着了大量硅藻,将此细绳提出,转移到培养鲍稚贝的废旧汽油桶中,供稚贝刮食。
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