CN105465224A - 具有电磁驱动的爪式离合器的混合动力传动装置 - Google Patents

具有电磁驱动的爪式离合器的混合动力传动装置 Download PDF

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CN105465224A
CN105465224A CN201510589662.1A CN201510589662A CN105465224A CN 105465224 A CN105465224 A CN 105465224A CN 201510589662 A CN201510589662 A CN 201510589662A CN 105465224 A CN105465224 A CN 105465224A
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pawl
gear
clutch
race
lap
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CN105465224B (zh
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丹尼斯·尼尔·维斯
布赖恩·理查德·莱特
马修·斯蒂芬·艾斯勒
大卫·卡波西亚
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D27/00Magnetically- or electrically- actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor
    • F16D27/02Magnetically- or electrically- actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor with electromagnets incorporated in the clutch, i.e. with collecting rings
    • F16D27/09Magnetically- or electrically- actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor with electromagnets incorporated in the clutch, i.e. with collecting rings and with interengaging jaws or gear-teeth
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H3/00Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/72Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously
    • F16H3/727Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously with at least two dynamo electric machines for creating an electric power path inside the gearing, e.g. using generator and motor for a variable power torque path
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/445Differential gearing distribution type
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/10Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
    • B60L50/15Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with additional electric power supply
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D27/00Magnetically- or electrically- actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor
    • F16D27/10Magnetically- or electrically- actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor with an electromagnet not rotating with a clutching member, i.e. without collecting rings
    • F16D27/102Magnetically- or electrically- actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor with an electromagnet not rotating with a clutching member, i.e. without collecting rings with radially movable clutching members
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D41/00Freewheels or freewheel clutches
    • F16D41/12Freewheels or freewheel clutches with hinged pawl co-operating with teeth, cogs, or the like
    • F16D41/14Freewheels or freewheel clutches with hinged pawl co-operating with teeth, cogs, or the like the effective stroke of the pawl being adjustable
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H3/00Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D27/00Magnetically- or electrically- actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor
    • F16D27/10Magnetically- or electrically- actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor with an electromagnet not rotating with a clutching member, i.e. without collecting rings
    • F16D27/118Magnetically- or electrically- actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor with an electromagnet not rotating with a clutching member, i.e. without collecting rings with interengaging jaws or gear teeth
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H37/00Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/0833Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths
    • F16H37/084Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths at least one power path being a continuously variable transmission, i.e. CVT
    • F16H2037/0866Power split variators with distributing differentials, with the output of the CVT connected or connectable to the output shaft
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H2200/00Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/2002Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears
    • F16H2200/2005Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears with one sets of orbital gears
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H2200/00Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/2094Transmissions using gears with orbital motion using positive clutches, e.g. dog clutches
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H2716/00Control devices for speed-change mechanisms of planetary gearings, with toothed wheels remaining engaged, e.g. also for devices to simplify the control or for synchronising devices combined with control devices
    • F16H2716/08Control devices for speed-change mechanisms of planetary gearings, with toothed wheels remaining engaged, e.g. also for devices to simplify the control or for synchronising devices combined with control devices the control being electric
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62Hybrid vehicles
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S903/00Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
    • Y10S903/902Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
    • Y10S903/903Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
    • Y10S903/904Component specially adapted for hev
    • Y10S903/906Motor or generator
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S903/00Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
    • Y10S903/902Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
    • Y10S903/903Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
    • Y10S903/904Component specially adapted for hev
    • Y10S903/909Gearing
    • Y10S903/91Orbital, e.g. planetary gears
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S903/00Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
    • Y10S903/902Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
    • Y10S903/903Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
    • Y10S903/904Component specially adapted for hev
    • Y10S903/912Drive line clutch
    • Y10S903/913One way
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S903/00Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
    • Y10S903/902Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
    • Y10S903/903Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
    • Y10S903/904Component specially adapted for hev
    • Y10S903/915Specific drive or transmission adapted for hev
    • Y10S903/917Specific drive or transmission adapted for hev with transmission for changing gear ratio
    • Y10S903/918Continuously variable

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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种具有电磁驱动的爪式离合器的混合动力传动装置。一种电磁驱动的爪式离合器适于在动力分流式混合动力传动装置中建立固定的超速传动比。所述电磁驱动的爪式离合器包括花键连接到传动装置输入轴的第一圈以及与被支撑为绕所述输入轴旋转的第一齿轮形成为一体的第二圈。非旋转线圈中的电流在所述第一圈中建立磁场。所述磁场使得一组爪相对于所述第一圈枢转并且使得所述爪接合所述第二圈中的凸轮表面。所述爪和凸轮被设计成使得在接合时所述第二圈能够比所述第一圈旋转得快而不能比所述第一圈旋转得慢。所述第一齿轮与固定到传动装置输出轴的第二齿轮啮合。

Description

具有电磁驱动的爪式离合器的混合动力传动装置
技术领域
本公开涉及车辆离合器领域。更具体地讲,本公开关于用在混合动力电动动力传动系统中的电磁驱动的爪式离合器(electro-magneticallyactuatedpawlclutch)。
背景技术
很多车辆在宽范围的车速(包括前进运动和倒车运动两者)下使用。然而,某些类型的发动机只能在较窄的速度范围内高效运转。所以,通常使用能在各种传动比下高效传输动力的变速器。当车辆处于低速时,变速器通常以高传动比运转,使得发动机扭矩倍增以提高加速度。处于高车速时,使变速器以低传动比运转,以允许与安静、燃料高效的巡航关联的发动机转速。
一些变速器(称为离散传动比变速器)被构造为在输入轴和输出轴之间建立有限数量的传动比。在当前选定的传动比不再适用时,离散传动比变速器必须切换到一个不同的可用传动比。另一些变速器(称为无级变速器(CVT))能够在下限和上限之间建立任意传动比。CVT能够做出不被车辆乘员感知的频繁精细的传动比调节。
许多变速器使用液压驱动的摩擦离合器来建立多个动力流动路径。由于加压的液压流体可以在密封件之间从固定壳体流到旋转元件,因此液压驱动适用于选择性地将旋转元件彼此结合的离合器。因此,液压驱动器能够随着其中一个旋转元件旋转。当有多个液压驱动的离合器时,离合器通常共用发动机驱动泵并且共用用于调节压力的许多阀体元件。
混合动力车辆传动装置通过提供能量储存来提高燃料经济性。例如,在混合动力电动车辆中,能量可储存在电池中。可通过操作发动机产生多于推进瞬时所需的能量来给电池充电。此外,能够捕获制动期间原本将消散的能量并将该能量储存在电池中。储存的能量可在以后使用,允许发动机产生少于推进瞬时所需的能量,因此消耗更少的燃料。
发明内容
一种电磁驱动的离合器包括第一旋转圈和第二旋转圈、非旋转线圈以及爪,所述爪由所述第一旋转圈支撑,响应于由所述非旋转线圈中的电流在所述第一旋转圈中建立的磁场而枢转以接合所述第二旋转圈中的凸轮表面。所述爪可接合所述凸轮表面以阻止所述第一旋转圈和所述第二旋转圈沿一个方向的相对旋转,而允许沿相反方向的相对旋转。当电流撤消时,复位弹簧可迫使所述爪与所述凸轮表面脱离接合。
一种传动装置包括第一轴、被支撑为绕所述第一轴旋转的第一齿轮以及一个或更多个爪,所述爪被支撑为随所述第一轴旋转,并且响应于由非旋转线圈中的电流在所述第一轴中建立的磁场而选择性地将所述第一齿轮结合到所述第一轴。传动装置还可包括与所述第一轴偏移的第二轴,所述第二轴固定地结合到与所述第一齿轮持续啮合接合的第二齿轮。传动装置还可包括行星齿轮组,所述行星齿轮组具有可驱动地连接到第一电机的太阳齿轮、可驱动地连接到所述第二轴和第二电机的环形齿轮以及可驱动地连接到所述第一轴的行星架。
根据本公开,提供一种传动装置,所述传动装置包括:第一轴,被支撑为绕第一轴线旋转;第一齿轮,被支撑为绕所述第一轴旋转;非旋转线圈,被构造为响应于电流而在所述第一轴中建立磁场;以及爪,被支撑为随所述第一轴旋转,并且响应于所述磁场而将所述第一齿轮选择性地结合到所述第一轴。
根据本公开的一个实施例,所述第一齿轮限定凸轮表面,使得所述爪和所述凸轮表面的接合阻止所述第一齿轮相对于所述第一轴沿一个方向的旋转,而允许沿相反方向的相对旋转。
根据本公开的一个实施例,所述爪和所述凸轮表面具有倒锥,以在没有磁场的情况下保持所述爪与所述凸轮表面接合。
根据本公开的一个实施例,所述爪被支撑为绕平行于所述第一轴线的枢转轴线相对于所述第一轴枢转。
根据本公开的一个实施例,所述凸轮表面面向所述第一轴线。
根据本公开的一个实施例,所述传动装置还包括:第二轴,被支撑为绕平行且偏移于第一轴线的第二轴线旋转;第二齿轮,固定地结合到所述第二轴且与所述第一齿轮持续啮合接合。
根据本公开的一个实施例,所述传动装置还包括:太阳齿轮,固定地可驱动地连接到第一电机;环形齿轮,固定地可驱动地连接到所述第二轴和第二电机;行星架,固定地可驱动地连接到所述第一轴;以及多个行星齿轮,被支撑为相对于所述行星架旋转且与所述太阳齿轮和所述环形齿轮啮合。
根据本公开,提供一种混合动力电动车辆,包括:行星齿轮组,所述行星齿轮组包括固定地可驱动地连接到第一可逆电机的太阳齿轮、固定地可驱动地连接到输出轴的环形齿轮和固定地可驱动地连接到发动机的行星架;第二可逆电机,固定地可驱动地连接到所述输出轴;电磁驱动的爪式离合器,被构造为在所述太阳齿轮和所述输出轴之间选择性地建立可驱动的连接。
根据本公开的一个实施例,所述电磁驱动的爪式离合器包括:内圈,固定地可驱动地连接到所述太阳齿轮;外圈,固定地可驱动地连接到所述输出轴;非旋转线圈,被构造为响应于电流而在所述内圈中建立磁场;爪,被支撑为随所述内圈旋转,并且响应于所述磁场而相对于所述内圈枢转以接合所述外圈的凸轮表面。
根据本公开的一个实施例,所述爪和所述凸轮表面被构造为使得所述爪和所述凸轮表面的接合阻止所述内圈和所述外圈之间沿一个方向的相对旋转,而允许沿与所述一个方向相反的方向的相对旋转。
附图说明
图1是用于混合动力电动动力传动系统的传动装置的示意图。
图2是适合用在图1中的传动装置中的电磁驱动的爪式离合器的截面图。
图3是图2中的离合器的分解图。
图4是图2中的离合器的示图。
图5是图2中的离合器处于分离状态的详细截面图。
图6是图2中的离合器处于接合状态的详细截面图。
具体实施方式
在此描述本公开的实施例。然而,应理解的是,公开的实施例仅为示例,并且其它实施例可以采用各种和替代的形式。附图不一定按比例绘制;可夸大或最小化一些特征,以示出特定部件的细节。因此,在此所公开的具体结构和功能细节不应被解释为限制,而仅作为用于教导本领域技术人员以多种形式使用本发明的代表性基础。如本领域普通技术人员将理解的,参照任一附图示出和描述的各种特征可与在一个或更多个其它附图中示出的特征相组合,以产生未明确示出或描述的实施例。示出的特征的组合为典型应用提供代表性实施例。然而,对于特定应用或实施,与本公开的教导一致的特征的各种组合和变型会是令人满意的。
如果一组旋转元件被约束成在所有工况中均作为整体而旋转,则这组旋转元件彼此固定地结合。旋转元件可通过花键连接、焊接、压装、从普通固体机加工或者其他方法固定地结合。会出现固定地结合的元件之间转动位移的轻微变化(例如,由于间隙或轴柔量导致的位移)。相比之下,两个旋转元件通过换挡元件选择性地结合,只要在换挡元件完全接合时换挡元件便约束这两个旋转元件作为整体而旋转,并且在至少一些其他工况中这两个旋转元件以不同的转速自由旋转。如果两个旋转元件被固定地结合或选择性地结合,则这两个旋转元件被结合。如果一系列齿轮和轴能够彼此传递动力且在两个旋转元件之间建立固定的传动比,则这两个旋转元件被可驱动地连接。
图1示意性地示出了用于动力分流式混合动力电动车辆的运动学装置。动力由通过传动装置输入轴11固定地结合到行星架12的发动机10提供。一组行星齿轮14被支撑为相对于行星架12旋转。太阳齿轮16和环形齿轮18均被支撑为绕与行星架12相同的轴线旋转,且两者均与行星齿轮14啮合。发电机20固定地结合到太阳齿轮16。中间轴齿轮22固定地结合到环形齿轮18且与中间轴齿轮24啮合。中间轴齿轮24通过轴30固定地结合到中间轴齿轮26和28。中间轴齿轮32与中间轴齿轮28啮合且固定地结合到马达34。中间轴齿轮26与作为差速器38的输入的中间轴齿轮36啮合。差速器38驱动车轮40和42,允许在车辆转弯时车轮40和42有微小转速差。
发电机20和马达34均是可逆电机。术语“发电机”和“马达”只被用作标记。两个电机均能将电能转换成机械能或将机械能转换成电能。例如,每个电机都可以是与三相逆变器结合的同步马达。两个电机均电连接到电池44。在一些情况下,发动机10可产生多于传送到车轮40和42的能量,并且剩余能量被储存在电池44中。在其他情况下,能量可从电池44流出,允许发动机10产生少于车辆瞬时需求的能量。例如,当推进车辆的能量来自电池44时,发动机10可以关闭。
图1中的动力传动系统可以以电池44既不提供能量也不吸收能量的无级变速模式运转。基于太阳齿轮16的齿数和环形齿轮18的齿数,施加到发电机20的扭矩和施加到中间轴齿轮22的扭矩均与发动机10产生的扭矩有关。具体地,
T g e n = N s u n N s u n + N r i n g T e n g
T g e a r 22 = N r i n g N s u n + N r i n g T e n g
其中,Teng是发动机10产生的扭矩,Tgen是发电机20吸收的扭矩,Tgear22是齿轮22吸收的扭矩,Nsun是太阳齿轮16的齿数,Nring是环形齿轮18的齿数。发动机转速是发电机转速和齿轮22的转速的加权平均值。
ω e n g = N s u n N s u n + N r i n g ω g e n + N r i n g N s u n + N r i n g ω g e a r 22
当车辆正在缓慢地运动时,齿轮22缓慢地旋转并且发电机20沿着与发动机10相反的方向旋转。发动机产生的动力被行星齿轮组分流。一部分动力从行星架12到环形齿轮18到齿轮22再到齿轮24而被机械地传递到轴30。剩余的动力从行星架传递到发电机20,发电机20将该动力转换成电能。马达34将电能转换成机械能,该机械能通过齿轮32和28传递到轴30。虽然两种动力传递路径都受到一些寄生损失,但是电能和机械能之间的转换通常涉及多于纯机械传递的能量损失。随着轴30的转速与发动机10的转速之比增加,达到发电机20的静止点。在该转速比,所有的动力被机械地传递。在较高的超速传动比,发电机20沿着与发动机10相同的方向旋转。动力从发电机20经由机械动力流动路径到轴30、经由齿轮28和32到马达34循环,马达34将动力转换成电能以驱动发电机20。与动力循环相关的寄生损失往往使超速传动比时的运转效率低。
图1中的动力传动系统包括额外的动力流动路径以在超速传动比时提供有效的动力传递。具体而言,中间轴齿轮46被支撑为绕传动装置输入轴11旋转。中间轴齿轮48固定地结合到轴30并且与中间轴齿轮46啮合。离合器50选择性地将中间轴齿轮46结合到轴11。当离合器50接合时,动力从发动机10经由齿轮46和48被机械地传递到轴30。在该固定传动比操作模式中,电池44可通过发电机20或马达34提供额外的动力,或者可通过任一电机进行充电。由于发动机和传动装置都有效地运转,因此使用固定传动比模式来稳态巡航显著地降低了燃料消耗。
由于离合器50是图1的动力传动系统中的唯一的离合器,所以采用液压驱动的离合器将需要增加泵和阀体。因此,期望不同的驱动离合器50的方法。图2至图4示出了适于选择性地将齿轮46结合到轴11的电磁驱动的爪式离合器。图2示出了安装在传动装置中的离合器50的截面图。图3示出了分解示图且图4示出了安装到传动装置中之前的装配示图。虽然外圈与齿轮46一体地形成,但在一些实施例中,外圈可单独地形成并通过花键或其他方式进行连接。所述离合器的内圈包括外半部52和内半部54。衬套56插在内圈和外圈之间以减少摩擦并保证同心度。四个爪58被保持在内圈的两个半部之间。在不同的实施例中爪的数量可以改变。如下更详细地讨论的,当离合器50分离时,这些爪容纳在形成于内圈半部中的凹口内。当离合器50接合时,这些爪枢转并接合外圈中的凸轮表面。内圈通过卡环60被轴向地保持就位。
离合器50装配后,内圈的外半部52花键连接到输入轴11。线圈支架62和线圈64安装到传动装置的前支承(frontsupport)66。导线将线圈连接到传动装置控制器(未示出)。然后,将输入轴11和离合器50插入到前支承66中。滚珠轴承68相对于前支承定位输入轴并且允许输入轴以非常低的寄生阻力旋转。当将电流供应到线圈64时,建立由宽箭头所示的磁路。通过选择合适的材料和控制部分的位置,引导磁通从线圈支架62通过输入轴11、内圈的外半部52和爪58然后再回到线圈支架62。磁通仅穿过两个空气间隙:线圈支架62和输入轴11之间的间隙以及爪58和线圈支架62之间的间隙。磁引力在这些空气间隙中的每个处的相应部件之间产生。可以设想将响应于非旋转线圈中的电流而在内圈中建立磁场的其他部件几何体,该部件几何体包括仅具有两个空气间隙的其他布置。
图5和图6示出了垂直于图2中的截面图的离合器50的详细截面图。每个爪58包括销70,所述爪绕销70相对于内圈枢转。每个爪包括从销70沿相反方向延伸的第一周向凸起72和第二周向凸起74。在图5中示出的分离位置,这些凸起循着内圈的轮廓。径向凸起76朝向线圈支架62延伸但不接触线圈支架62。各个凸起的质量是平衡的,使得由内圈的旋转产生的离心力不施加倾向于使爪58枢转的任何净扭矩。复位弹簧78在内圈和第二周向凸起74之间施加力,以在电流不流向线圈时迫使爪处于分离位置。虽然示出了线性压缩弹簧,但是也可采用拉伸弹簧或扭转弹簧作为复位弹簧。
图6示出了处于接合位置的爪58。径向凸起76和线圈支架62之间的磁引力克服了复位弹簧78的力而使爪枢转。在枢转位置,第一周向凸起72接合形成在外圈中的凸轮表面80。凸轮表面被成形为在离合器接合时阻止外圈相对于内圈顺时针旋转。但是,可能会以最小阻力沿着相反方向相对旋转。当外圈沿逆时针方向旋转时,凸轮表面将爪推向分离位置。或者,所述凸轮表面可被成形为在离合器接合时阻止沿两个方向的相对旋转。凸起74的末端和对应的凸轮表面80可包括一些倒锥(back-taper),使得扭矩传递倾向于使爪58朝向接合位置枢转。一旦离合器接合,这种倒锥便允许减小或消除电流而不会使离合器分离。在图示的实施例中,凸轮轮廓绕外圈的内表面的周向重复14次。当离合器应用时,在内圈相对两侧上的两个爪接合。选择不同数量的凸轮轮廓和爪改变接合的爪的数量,而且还改变爪接合之前的最大转动(称为间隙)。在图示的实施例中,爪绕与旋转轴线平行的轴线枢转以在内圈和外圈之间径向地延伸。在其他实施例中,爪可绕径向轴线枢转且在内圈和外圈之间轴向地延伸。
摩擦离合器能够在以不同转速旋转的元件之间传递扭矩。所传递的扭矩倾向于使元件转速相同。另一方面,爪式离合器通过建立刚性接合(positiveengagement)而不是摩擦接合来选择性地接合元件。因此,爪式离合器只能在以相同速度旋转的元件之间传递扭矩。在元件处于不同转速时接合爪式离合器将产生速度突变,这可能使车辆乘员不愉快,并且甚至可能引起传动装置组件故障。因此,在离合器接合的时候对元件转速的控制是很重要的。
当车辆处于低速时,图1中的传动装置以无级变速模式运转。没有电流被供应到线圈64,所以离合器50分离。当控制器确定以固定传动比超速模式运转为优选时,控制器首先转换到超速传动比而不是固定传动比。然后,控制器命令电流到线圈64以使爪枢转。由于在这种状况下齿轮46比轴11旋转得快,因此离合器不会立即接合。控制器仍然以无级变速模式控制传动比,逐渐允许发动机转速增加。一旦达到固定传动比,离合器50便将接合。
虽然上面描述了示例性实施例,但是并不意味着这些实施例描述了权利要求所囊括的所有可能的形式。说明书中使用的词语为描述性词语而非限制,并且应理解的是,在不脱离本公开的精神和范围的情况下,可作出各种改变。如前所述,可组合各个实施例的特征以形成可能未被明确示出或描述的本发明的进一步的实施例。虽然各个实施例可能已被描述为提供优点或在一个或更多个期望的特性方面优于其他实施例或现有技术的实施方式,但是本领域的普通技术人员应该认识到,一个或更多个特点或特性可被折衷,以实现期望的整体系统属性,期望的整体系统属性取决于具体的应用和实施方式。因此,被描述为在一个或更多个特性方面不如其他实施例或现有技术的实施方式合意的实施例并不在本公开的范围之外,并且对于特定的应用而言会是令人满意的。

Claims (6)

1.一种电磁驱动的离合器,包括:
第一圈和第二圈,均被支撑为绕轴线旋转;
非旋转线圈,被构造为响应于电流而在所述第一圈中建立磁场;
爪,被支撑为随所述第一圈旋转,并响应于所述磁场而相对于所述第一圈枢转以接合所述第二圈的凸轮表面。
2.根据权利要求1所述的离合器,其中,所述爪和所述凸轮表面被构造为使得所述爪和所述凸轮表面的接合阻止所述第一圈和所述第二圈之间沿一个方向的相对旋转,而允许所述第一圈和所述第二圈之间沿相反方向的相对旋转。
3.根据权利要求2所述的离合器,其中,所述爪和所述凸轮表面具有倒锥,以在没有磁场的情况下保持所述爪与所述凸轮表面接合。
4.根据权利要求1所述的离合器,其中,所述爪被支撑为绕平行于所述轴线的枢转轴线枢转。
5.根据权利要求4所述的离合器,其中,所述第一圈在所述第二圈的径向内侧,所述凸轮表面面向所述轴线。
6.根据权利要求4所述的离合器,还包括复位弹簧,所述复位弹簧被构造为使所述爪枢转而与所述第二圈脱离接合。
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