CN105437683A - 一种阻燃轻质结构芯及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种阻燃轻质结构芯及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种结构芯材,包括:蜂窝状芯材;填充于蜂窝状芯材孔格内的纤维增强的热固性树脂泡沫;所述纤维增强的热固性树脂泡沫由包括热固性树脂和纤维的混合物发泡制得。本发明提供的结构芯材由蜂窝状芯材、热固性树脂和纤维制备而成,热固性树脂具有很好地阻燃性,使得结构芯材具有阻燃性能,而蜂窝状芯材、热固性树脂和纤维三者的复合结构使得结构芯材不仅重量轻而且力学性能好。实验结果表明,本发明制备得到的结构芯材压缩强度1.8MPa以上,密度110~300kg/m3,隔声量24dB以上,防火等级S4级。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及材料技术领域,尤其涉及一种结构芯材及其制备方法。
背景技术
轨道交通正朝着高速、安全、舒适的方向快速发展,新一代列车对内饰件提出了越来越高的要求。轻量化内饰成为包括机车、飞机、船舶、汽车在内的交通运输工具的重要发展方向。轨道交通迫切需求一种既能满足内饰件防火、力学性能等要求,又极大减重的复合材料产品。
目前内饰件如顶板、侧板、地板、风道等,主要材质为玻璃钢、竹胶板、铝蜂窝板等。玻璃钢和竹胶板密度一般在1000kg/m3以上,重量过大;铝蜂窝板由于自身力学及综合性能问题,难以满足高速轨道交通的要求。而传统的泡沫结构由于存在性脆、易碎、强度低等缺点,使得其使用也受到了限制。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明要解决的技术问题在于提供一种结构芯材及其制备方法,本发明提供的结构芯材不仅重量轻、防火而且力学性能好。
本发明提供了一种结构芯材,包括:
蜂窝状芯材;
填充于蜂窝状芯材孔格内的纤维增强的热固性树脂泡沫;所述纤维增强的热固性树脂泡沫由包括热固性树脂和纤维的混合物发泡制得。
优选的,所述混合物还包括发泡剂。
优选的,所述混合物还包括固化剂、固化促进剂、阻燃剂、稳定剂和脱模剂中的一种或几种。
优选的,所述蜂窝状芯材的材质选自金属材质和有机材质中的一种;
所述热固性树脂选自酚醛树脂、环氧树脂、不饱和树脂、三聚氰胺树脂和聚氨酯树脂中的一种或几种;
所述纤维选自凯夫拉纤维、聚酯纤维、碳纤维和玻璃纤维中的一种或几种。
优选的,所述纤维与所述热固性树脂的重量比为10:90~80:20。
本发明提供了一种结构芯材的制备方法,包括:
热固性树脂和纤维混合,挤出,得到混合物;
将所述混合物铺覆蜂窝状芯材孔格上,热压发泡,得到结构芯材。
优选的,所述纤维与所述热固性树脂的重量比为10:90~80:20。
优选的,所述纤维长度为4mm~20mm。
优选的,所述挤出为选用双螺杆挤出机挤出。
优选的,所述热压的温度为120℃~170℃,所述热压的时间为10~40min,所述热压的压强为0.4~1Mpa。
与现有技术相比,本发明提供了一种结构芯材,包括:蜂窝状芯材;填充于蜂窝状芯材孔格内的纤维增强的热固性树脂泡沫;所述纤维增强的热固性树脂泡沫由包括热固性树脂和纤维的混合物发泡制得。本发明提供的结构芯材由蜂窝状芯材、热固性树脂和纤维制备而成,热固性树脂具有很好地阻燃性,使得结构芯材具有阻燃性能,而蜂窝状芯材、热固性树脂和纤维三者的复合结构使得结构芯材不仅重量轻而且力学性能好。实验结果表明,本发明制备得到的结构芯材压缩强度1.8MPa以上,密度110~300kg/m3,隔声量24dB以上,防火等级S4级。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种结构芯材,包括:
蜂窝状芯材;
填充于蜂窝状芯材孔格内的纤维增强的热固性树脂泡沫;所述纤维增强的热固性树脂泡沫由包括热固性树脂和纤维的混合物发泡制得。
本发明所述的蜂窝状芯材的材质选自金属材质和有机材质中的一种,更优选选自铝质蜂窝和芳纶质蜂窝中的一种。一般选用六边形蜂窝,也可以根据需要选择其他形状。所述蜂窝孔径优选为3~30mm,更优选为6~25mm;所述蜂窝的壁厚优选为0.05~1mm,更优选为0.1~0.5mm。
本发明所述的结构芯材包括填充于蜂窝状芯材孔格内的纤维增强的热固性树脂泡沫;所述纤维增强的热固性树脂泡沫由包括热固性树脂和纤维的混合物发泡制得。本发明所述混合物优选包括热固性树脂和发泡剂。所述热固性树脂优选选自酚醛树脂、环氧树脂、不饱和树脂、三聚氰胺树脂和聚氨酯树脂中的一种或几种;还可以选择经过阻燃改性的树脂;还可以选择低粘度树脂;如粘度为300mPs以下的树脂。本发明所述的发泡剂可以为物理或化学发泡剂,本发明对此并无限定,优选为Ac发泡剂或OBSH发泡剂。所述发泡剂倍率优选为1~10倍,更优选为2~6倍;所述发泡温度优选为60~200℃,更优选为70℃~160℃。在所述热固性树脂组合物中,发泡剂和热固性树脂的重量比优选为1:99~40:60,更优选为5:95~30:70,最优选为10:90~25:75。
本发明所述混合物优选还包括固化剂、固化促进剂、阻燃剂、稳定剂和脱模剂中的一种或几种。本发明对于上述添加剂的种类和添加量不进行限定,本领域技术人员熟知的种类和添加量即可。
本发明所述纤维选自凯夫拉纤维、聚酯纤维、碳纤维和玻璃纤维中的一种或几种。所述纤维的型式优选可以为短纤维、纤维须或者两者的混合物。所述纤维的长度优选为0.1~20mm,更优选为4~20mm,最优选为6~10mm;所述纤维的直径优选为0.001~1mm,更优选为0.005~0.1mm。优选的,所述纤维与所述热固性树脂的重量比为10:90~80:20,更优选为20:80~60:40;最优选为25:75~45:55。
本发明提供了一种结构芯材的制备方法,包括:
热固性树脂和纤维混合,挤出,得到混合物;
将所述混合物铺覆蜂窝状芯材孔格上,热压发泡,得到结构芯材。
本发明将热固性树脂和纤维混合,挤出,得到混合物。本发明对于所述热固性树脂和所述纤维混合的方式不进行限定,优选为在搅拌机内混合;本发明所述挤出优选为选用双螺杆挤出机挤出。混合物挤出后优选经过烘干,所述烘干的温度优选为100~110℃。
本发明所述混合物优选包括热固性树脂和发泡剂。所述热固性树脂优选选自酚醛树脂、环氧树脂、不饱和树脂、三聚氰胺树脂和聚氨酯树脂中的一种或几种;还可以选择经过阻燃改性的树脂或低粘度树脂;如粘度为300mPs以下的树脂。本发明所述的发泡剂可以为物理或化学发泡剂,本发明对此并无限定,优选为Ac发泡剂或OBSH发泡剂。所述发泡剂倍率优选为1~10倍,更优选为2~6倍;所述发泡温度优选为60~200℃,更优选为70℃~160℃。在所述混合物中,发泡剂和热固性树脂的重量比优选为1:99~40:60,更优选为5:95~30:70,最优选为10:90~25:75。
本发明所述混合物优选还包括固化剂、固化促进剂、阻燃剂、稳定剂和脱模剂中的一种或几种。本发明对于上述添加剂的种类和添加量不进行限定,本领域技术人员熟知的种类和添加量即可。
本发明所述纤维选自凯夫拉纤维、聚酯纤维、碳纤维和玻璃纤维中的一种或几种。所述纤维的型式优选可以为短纤维、纤维须或者两者的混合物。所述纤维的长度优选为0.1~20mm,更优选为4~20mm,最优选为6~10mm;所述纤维的直径优选为0.001~1mm,更优选为0.005~0.1mm。优选的,所述纤维与所述热固性树脂的重量比为10:90~80:20,更优选为20:80~60:40;最优选为25:75~45:55。
得到混合物后,将所述混合物铺覆蜂窝状芯材孔格上,热压发泡,得到结构芯材。
将所述混合物铺覆到蜂窝孔格上,具体为铺覆在蜂窝表层,使得铺覆在表层厚薄一致即可;也可以为将混合物铺覆在热压板上,将蜂窝铺在该混合物上。完成铺覆后,热压发泡,优选的,所述热压的温度为120℃~170℃,所述热压的时间为10~40min,所述热压的压强为0.4~1Mpa。本发明热压和发泡同时进行,无需二次复合。本发明所述的蜂窝状芯材的材质选自金属材质和有机材质中的一种,更优选选自铝材质蜂窝和芳纶材质蜂窝中的一种。一般选用六边形蜂窝,也可以根据需要选择其他形状。所述蜂窝孔径优选为3~30mm,更优选为6~25mm;所述蜂窝的壁厚优选为0.05~1mm,更优选为0.1~0.5mm。
本发明提供的结构芯材由蜂窝状芯材、热固性树脂和纤维制备而成,上述原料均具有很好地阻燃性,使得结构芯材具有阻燃性能,而蜂窝状芯材、热固性树脂和纤维三者的复合结构使得结构芯材不仅重量轻而且力学性能好。
本发明优选采用以下方式对结构芯材进行性能测定:
防火性能:DIN5510-2;
平压强度:GB/T1453
隔声量:ISO140-3;
密度:GB/T1643。
本文提到的测试结果的标准为该四项。
为了进一步说明本发明,以下结合实施例对本发明提供的结构芯材及其制备方法进行详细描述。
实施例1
将75份酚醛树脂、25份AC发泡剂和30份5mm长的短玻纤混合,通过双螺杆挤出机搅拌并挤出,通过烘道在105℃加热5min,得到混合物。选取铝蜂窝芯,选取六边形蜂窝芯,高13mm,孔径25mm,壁厚0.3mm。并将铝蜂窝芯进行拉伸(铝蜂窝原材料为蜂窝块,需要用铝蜂窝拉伸机拉伸为正六边形)并置于脱模纸上,然后将烘干后的物料铺覆在其上,在最上面再放置一层脱模纸。脱模纸用于防止物料粘附在压机压板上,可在压板上喷洒或擦拭脱模剂代替脱模纸。将脱模纸及其内物料转入热压机内,将压机压至13mm,在170℃,0.5MPa压力下热压25分钟,得到结构芯材。
采用本发明所述的方法对实施例1制备得到的结构芯材进行测试,所得结构芯材压缩强度1.8MPa,密度160kg/m3,隔声量24dB,防火等级S4级。
实施例2
将80份酚醛树脂、20份AC发泡剂和35份10mm长的短玻纤混合,通过双螺杆挤出机搅拌并挤出,通过烘道在105℃加热6min,得到混合物。选取铝蜂窝芯,选取六边形蜂窝芯,高25mm,孔径15mm,壁厚0.2mm。并将铝蜂窝芯进行拉伸。准备一层玻纤预浸料,然后将拉伸好的铝蜂窝芯置于预浸料上,然后将烘干后的物料铺覆在其上,在最上面再放置一层玻纤预浸料。在压板上喷洒脱模剂,然后将物料放在压机压板上,将压机压至26mm,在160℃,0.7MPa压力下热压30分钟,得到结构芯材。
采用本发明所述的方法对实施例2制备得到的结构芯材进行测试,所得结构芯材压缩强度2MPa,密度300kg/m3,隔声量32dB,防火等级S4级。
实施例3
将组分为85份环氧树脂、13份OBSH发泡剂、2份环氧固化剂和25份17mm长的短玻纤混合,通过双螺杆搅拌混料并挤出,通过烘道在100℃加热2min,得到混合物。选取准备厚度为1mm的芳纶蜂窝,高25mm,孔径15mm,最后在压机中铺覆混合物,并将芳纶蜂窝芯置在其上。在上下表层放置各0.1mm碳纤维预浸料。在热压板上喷洒脱模剂,并将碳纤维预浸料和其内物料放置在热压板上。将压机压至约15mm,在160℃,0.7MPa压力下热压10min,得到结构芯材。
采用本发明所述的方法对实施例3制备得到的结构芯材进行测试,所得结构芯材压缩强度2.2MPa,密度260kg/m3,隔声量30dB,防火等级S4级。
实施例4
将组分为75份酚醛树脂、25份AC发泡剂和40份20mm长的短玻纤混合,通过双螺杆搅拌混料并挤出,通过烘道在105℃加热5min,得到混合物。选取铝蜂窝芯,选取六边形蜂窝芯,高25mm,孔径15mm,壁厚0.2mm。最后在压机中铺覆混合物,并将铝蜂窝芯覆在其上,将压机压至13mm,在170℃热压25分钟。得到结构芯材。
采用本发明所述的方法对实施例4制备得到的结构芯材进行测试,所得结构芯材压缩强度1.8MPa,密度130kg/m3,隔声量24dB,防火等级S4级。
实施例5
将组分为85份环氧树脂、13份OBSH发泡剂、2份固化剂和30份7mm长的短玻纤混合,通过双螺杆搅拌混料并挤出,通过烘道在105℃加热5min,得到混合物。准备厚度为0.7mm,高25mm,孔径15mm的芳纶蜂窝。最后在压机中铺覆混合物,并将芳纶蜂窝芯覆在其上,将压机压至15mm,在160℃热压10分钟。得到结构芯材。
采用本发明所述的方法对实施例5制备得到的结构芯材进行测试,所得结构芯材压缩强度3.5MPa,密度110kg/m3,隔声量30dB,防火等级S4级。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种结构芯材,包括:
蜂窝状芯材;
填充于蜂窝状芯材孔格内的纤维增强的热固性树脂泡沫;所述纤维增强的热固性树脂泡沫由包括热固性树脂和纤维的混合物发泡制得。
2.根据权利要求1所述的结构芯材,其特征在于,所述混合物还包括发泡剂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的结构芯材,其特征在于,所述混合物还包括固化剂、固化促进剂、阻燃剂、稳定剂和脱模剂中的一种或几种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的结构芯材,其特征在于,所述蜂窝状芯材的材质选自金属材质和有机材质中的一种;
所述热固性树脂选自酚醛树脂、环氧树脂、不饱和树脂、三聚氰胺树脂和聚氨酯树脂中的一种或几种;
所述纤维选自凯夫拉纤维、聚酯纤维、碳纤维和玻璃纤维中的一种或几种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的结构芯材,其特征在于,所述纤维与所述热固性树脂的重量比为10:90~80:20。
6.一种结构芯材的制备方法,包括:
热固性树脂和纤维混合,挤出,得到混合物;
将所述混合物铺覆蜂窝状芯材孔格上,热压发泡,得到结构芯材。
7.根据权利要求6所述的结构芯材的制备方法,其特征在于,所述纤维与所述热固性树脂的重量比为10:90~80:20。
8.根据权利要求6所述的结构芯材的制备方法,其特征在于,所述纤维长度为4mm~20mm。
9.根据权利要求6所述的结构芯材的制备方法,其特征在于,所述挤出为选用双螺杆挤出机挤出。
10.根据权利要求6所述的结构芯材的制备方法,其特征在于,所述热压的温度为120℃~170℃,所述热压的时间为10~40min,所述热压的压强为0.4~1Mpa。
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CN105904812B (zh) * | 2016-04-24 | 2017-12-12 | 扬州润友复合材料有限公司 | 一种蜂窝结构塑木复合材料板材及其制备方法 |
CN108248124A (zh) * | 2018-01-30 | 2018-07-06 | 深圳市郎搏万先进材料有限公司 | 一种pp蜂窝夹芯复合板材及其制备方法 |
CN112976720A (zh) * | 2019-12-13 | 2021-06-18 | 山东圣泉新材料股份有限公司 | 一种蜂窝复合板及其制备方法和应用 |
CN116960546A (zh) * | 2023-09-13 | 2023-10-27 | 湖北祥源高新科技有限公司 | 有机硅发泡材料及包含其的电池模组 |
CN116960546B (zh) * | 2023-09-13 | 2024-01-30 | 湖北祥源高新科技有限公司 | 有机硅发泡材料及包含其的电池模组 |
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CA2958098A1 (en) | 2016-02-25 |
EP3184294A1 (en) | 2017-06-28 |
WO2016026217A1 (zh) | 2016-02-25 |
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