CN105419890B - 一种燃油添加剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种燃油添加剂，是由以下重量份的原料组成的：聚异丁烯胺6‑12份、乌洛托品5‑10份、十二酰异丙醇胺20‑40份、助溶剂5‑15份、乙酸异丁酸蔗糖酯0.5‑1.0份、乙二醇二硬脂酸酯0.8‑1.0份、助燃剂10‑25份；本发明还公开了该燃油添加剂的制备方法。本发明的燃油添加剂具有提高燃烧效率、清碳除污、节能减排的作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及燃油添加剂，具体涉及一种节能减排的燃油添加剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
石油资源紧张，能源紧缺，如何解决能源不足已经成为世界各国重视的研究课题。燃油作为一种重要的燃料，由于其本身具有动力大，价格低等优点，已成为大型设备的主要动力燃料。燃油，如汽油或柴油，在内燃机引擎的燃烧室燃烧时需要引入氧化剂（通常为空气中的氧气），燃烧后产生的高温高压气体引起的膨胀，直接产生驱动力，带动引擎的运动部件如活塞，使其移动生成有效的机械能。现代汽车均采用内燃式发动机，挥发性的汽油或柴油通过喷嘴喷雾汽化后进入内燃机引擎燃烧室，与引进的空气混合燃烧，在控制的时间内，产生能量，使引擎按设计的方式运行。
大量长期的研究已表明，燃料如汽油或柴油，在引擎燃烧室内以极短的瞬间燃烧，即被排出，这样的燃料燃烧并不完全，剩余的燃料以燃烧的中间产物或甚至未燃烧即被排出，这样既使燃料的使用有效率降低，也使得大量的有害气体，如碳氢化合物和燃油不完全燃烧的中间产物，排放进入空气，污染大气。因此，现有燃油自身存在的质量问题和机车发动机制造极限存在的不足，使得现有燃油不但燃烧效率低，且无法达到保护发动机，以及延长发动使用寿命的作用。虽然在市场上已有多种类型的燃油添加剂存在，但开发高效经济的节能型燃油添加剂是市场所急需的，而且市场也要求添加剂具有减低排放以减少大气环境污染。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术的不足，提供了一种燃油添加剂，该燃油添加剂具有提高燃烧效率、清碳除污、节能减排的作用。
本发明还提供了该燃油添加剂的制备方法。
本发明的目的是通过如下技术方案实现的：
一种燃油添加剂，是由以下重量份的原料组成的：聚异丁烯胺6-12份、乌洛托品5-10份、十二酰异丙醇胺20-40份、助溶剂5-15份、乙酸异丁酸蔗糖酯0.5-1.0份、乙二醇二硬脂酸酯0.8-1.0份、助燃剂10-25份；
所述助溶剂是由吐温60、羟乙基纤维素按照1：1-1.5的重量比混合得到的；
所述助燃剂为生桐油、3-氰基吡啶和烯丙醇按照1：0.5-1.5：0.3-0.8的重量比混合得到的。
优选的，一种燃油添加剂，是由以下重量份的原料组成的：聚异丁烯胺8-10份、乌洛托品6-9份、十二酰异丙醇胺25-35份、助溶剂8-12份、乙酸异丁酸蔗糖酯0.7-0.9份、乙二醇二硬脂酸酯0.9份、助燃剂15-20份。
更优选的，一种燃油添加剂，是由以下重量份的原料组成的：聚异丁烯胺9份、乌洛托品8份、十二酰异丙醇胺30份、助溶剂10份、乙酸异丁酸蔗糖酯0.8份、乙二醇二硬脂酸酯0.9份、助燃剂18份。
所述助溶剂是由吐温60、羟乙基纤维素按照1：1.3的重量比混合得到的；
所述助燃剂为生桐油、3-氰基吡啶和烯丙醇按照1：1：0.5的重量比混合得到的。
一种燃油添加剂的制备方法，是由以下步骤制备得到的：
1）按照重量份取聚异丁烯胺、乙酸异丁酸蔗糖酯和助燃剂，并放入反应釜中搅拌1-2h，得料1；
2）将助溶剂加至料1中，继续搅拌1-2h，得料2；
3）将乌洛托品、十二酰异丙醇胺和乙二醇二硬脂酸酯加至料2中，继续搅拌2-4h，经检测后得到合格的燃油添加剂。
本发明中，乙酸异丁酸蔗糖酯和乙二醇二硬脂酸酯具有润滑抗磨作用；聚异丁烯胺为清净剂，起清净溶解作用；乌洛托品和十二酰异丙醇胺为分散剂；助燃剂能改善汽油燃烧状况；助溶剂起稀释溶解作用。各组分相互促进，互相补充，所得燃油添加剂效果好。
本发明的有益效果：
1.本发明的燃油添加剂可显著改善燃油的燃烧效率，使燃油燃烧更加完全，提高发动机动力，减少燃油消耗，单位油耗里程提高5-7%；
2.本发明的燃油添加剂可清碳除污，提高燃油的经济性，并因此减少空气污染物（碳氢化合物和不完全燃烧的中间产物）的排放，达到节能减排的功效，可清除积碳90％以上，降低HC、CO、NOx及其他废气排放，弥补了燃油自身存在的质量问题和机车发动机制造极限存在的不足；
3.本发明的燃油添加剂具有提高燃油的燃烧效率，清碳除污和节油减排的功效，降低腐蚀，减少维修保养费用，延长发动机使用寿命；
4.本发明的燃油添加剂制备方法简单，常温常压操作，添加量小，添加量为燃油的0.2-0.4%(体积比)，应用前景非常广阔。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步地详细说明，但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
实施例1
一种燃油添加剂，是由以下重量份的原料组成的：聚异丁烯胺12份、乌洛托品5份、十二酰异丙醇胺40份、助溶剂5份、乙酸异丁酸蔗糖酯0.5份、乙二醇二硬脂酸酯0.8份、助燃剂10份；
所述助溶剂是由吐温60、羟乙基纤维素按照1：1的重量比混合得到的；
所述助燃剂为生桐油、3-氰基吡啶和烯丙醇按照1：1.5：0.3的重量比混合得到的。
一种燃油添加剂的制备方法，是由以下步骤制备得到的：
1）按照重量份取聚异丁烯胺、乙酸异丁酸蔗糖酯和助燃剂，并放入反应釜中搅拌2h，得料1；
2）将助溶剂加至料1中，继续搅拌1h，得料2；
3）将乌洛托品、十二酰异丙醇胺和乙二醇二硬脂酸酯加至料2中，继续搅拌4h，经检测后得到合格的燃油添加剂。
实施例2
一种燃油添加剂，是由以下重量份的原料组成的：聚异丁烯胺10份、乌洛托品6份、十二酰异丙醇胺35份、助溶剂8份、乙酸异丁酸蔗糖酯0.7份、乙二醇二硬脂酸酯0.9份、助燃剂15份。
所述助溶剂是由吐温60、羟乙基纤维素按照1：1.2的重量比混合得到的；
所述助燃剂为生桐油、3-氰基吡啶和烯丙醇按照1：1.3：0.4的重量比混合得到的。
一种燃油添加剂的制备方法，是由以下步骤制备得到的：
1）按照重量份取聚异丁烯胺、乙酸异丁酸蔗糖酯和助燃剂，并放入反应釜中搅拌1.5h，得料1；
2）将助溶剂加至料1中，继续搅拌1.5h，得料2；
3）将乌洛托品、十二酰异丙醇胺和乙二醇二硬脂酸酯加至料2中，继续搅拌3.5h，经检测后得到合格的燃油添加剂。
实施例3
一种燃油添加剂，是由以下重量份的原料组成的：聚异丁烯胺9份、乌洛托品8份、十二酰异丙醇胺30份、助溶剂10份、乙酸异丁酸蔗糖酯0.8份、乙二醇二硬脂酸酯0.9份、助燃剂18份。
所述助溶剂是由吐温60、羟乙基纤维素按照1：1.3的重量比混合得到的；
所述助燃剂为生桐油、3-氰基吡啶和烯丙醇按照1：1：0.5的重量比混合得到的。
一种燃油添加剂的制备方法，是由以下步骤制备得到的：
1）按照重量份取聚异丁烯胺、乙酸异丁酸蔗糖酯和助燃剂，并放入反应釜中搅拌1.5h，得料1；
2）将助溶剂加至料1中，继续搅拌1.5h，得料2；
3）将乌洛托品、十二酰异丙醇胺和乙二醇二硬脂酸酯加至料2中，继续搅拌3h，经检测后得到合格的燃油添加剂。
实施例4
一种燃油添加剂，是由以下重量份的原料组成的：聚异丁烯胺8份、乌洛托品9份、十二酰异丙醇胺25份、助溶剂12份、乙酸异丁酸蔗糖酯0.9份、乙二醇二硬脂酸酯0.9份、助燃剂20份；
所述助溶剂是由吐温60、羟乙基纤维素按照1：1.4的重量比混合得到的；
所述助燃剂为生桐油、3-氰基吡啶和烯丙醇按照1：0.8：0.7的重量比混合得到的。
一种燃油添加剂的制备方法，是由以下步骤制备得到的：
1）按照重量份取聚异丁烯胺、乙酸异丁酸蔗糖酯和助燃剂，并放入反应釜中搅拌1.5h，得料1；
2）将助溶剂加至料1中，继续搅拌1.5h，得料2；
3）将乌洛托品、十二酰异丙醇胺和乙二醇二硬脂酸酯加至料2中，继续搅拌2.5h，经检测后得到合格的燃油添加剂。
实施例5
一种燃油添加剂，是由以下重量份的原料组成的：聚异丁烯胺6份、乌洛托品10份、十二酰异丙醇胺20份、助溶剂15份、乙酸异丁酸蔗糖酯1.0份、乙二醇二硬脂酸酯1.0份、助燃剂25份；
所述助溶剂是由吐温60、羟乙基纤维素按照1：1.5的重量比混合得到的；
所述助燃剂为生桐油、3-氰基吡啶和烯丙醇按照1：0.5：0.8的重量比混合得到的。
一种燃油添加剂的制备方法，是由以下步骤制备得到的：
1）按照重量份取聚异丁烯胺、乙酸异丁酸蔗糖酯和助燃剂，并放入反应釜中搅拌1h，得料1；
2）将助溶剂加至料1中，继续搅拌2h，得料2；
3）将乌洛托品、十二酰异丙醇胺和乙二醇二硬脂酸酯加至料2中，继续搅拌2h，经检测后得到合格的燃油添加剂。
试验例
将实施例1-5中所制备的燃油添加剂按照0.3%的添加量（体积比）添加到93#商品汽油中，将不加任何燃油添加剂的93#商品汽油作为对比例，测试结果如表1所示。
表1 测试结果
应当理解的是，本发明的应用不限于上述的举例，对本领域普通技术人员来说，可以根据上述说明加以改进或变换，所有这些改进和变换都应属于本发明所附权利要求的保护范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种燃油添加剂，其特征在于，是由以下重量份的原料组成的：聚异丁烯胺6-12份、乌洛托品5-10份、十二酰异丙醇胺20-40份、助溶剂5-15份、乙酸异丁酸蔗糖酯0.5-1.0份、乙二醇二硬脂酸酯0.8-1.0份、助燃剂10-25份；
所述助溶剂是由吐温60、羟乙基纤维素按照1：1-1.5的重量比混合得到的；
所述助燃剂为生桐油、3-氰基吡啶和烯丙醇按照1：0.5-1.5：0.3-0.8的重量比混合得到的。
2.根据权利要求1所述的燃油添加剂，其特征在于，是由以下重量份的原料组成的：聚异丁烯胺8-10份、乌洛托品6-9份、十二酰异丙醇胺25-35份、助溶剂8-12份、乙酸异丁酸蔗糖酯0.7-0.9份、乙二醇二硬脂酸酯0.9份、助燃剂15-20份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的燃油添加剂，其特征在于，是由以下重量份的原料组成的：聚异丁烯胺9份、乌洛托品8份、十二酰异丙醇胺30份、助溶剂10份、乙酸异丁酸蔗糖酯0.8份、乙二醇二硬脂酸酯0.9份、助燃剂18份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的燃油添加剂，其特征在于，所述助溶剂是由吐温60、羟乙基纤维素按照1：1.3的重量比混合得到的。
5.根据权利要求1所述的燃油添加剂，其特征在于，所述助燃剂为生桐油、3-氰基吡啶和烯丙醇按照1：1：0.5的重量比混合得到的。
6.一种权利要求1-5中任一项所述的燃油添加剂的制备方法，其特征在于，是由以下步骤制备得到的：
1）按照重量份取聚异丁烯胺、乙酸异丁酸蔗糖酯和助燃剂，并放入反应釜中搅拌1-2h，得料1；
2）将助溶剂加至料1中，继续搅拌1-2h，得料2；
3）将乌洛托品、十二酰异丙醇胺和乙二醇二硬脂酸酯加至料2中，继续搅拌2-4h，经检测后得到合格的燃油添加剂。
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