CN105419193B - 一种快速降解型大豆蛋白模拟塑料薄膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种快速降解型大豆蛋白模拟塑料薄膜及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种快速降解型大豆蛋白模拟塑料薄膜及其制备方法,属于生物材料及食品包装技术加工领域。本发明提供了一种能够快速降解且具有一定机械强度、弹性、阻气性、阻水性的大豆蛋白模拟塑料薄膜及其制备方法。本发明的配比为:大豆分离蛋白的含量为2~4%,聚乙烯醇的含量1.5~2.5%,纳米纤维素的含量2~3%,增塑剂的含量为2%。纳米纤维素有效加快了膜材料的降解速率且提高了膜材料的机械性能,加入增塑剂使大豆蛋白与聚乙烯醇、纳米纤维素蛋白形成更为致密、均匀的三维立体网状结构,能较高的模拟塑料的多方面性能。该薄膜的降解时间在2~7个月不等。该模拟塑料薄膜制备工艺简单、操作方便、对环境无污染,并具有良好的生物相容性和生物可降解性,达到了环保要求,可广泛应用于食品包装领域。
Description
技术领域
本发明提供了一种快速降解型大豆蛋白模拟塑料薄膜及其制备方法,更具体地说涉及一种快速降解大豆分离蛋白/聚乙烯醇/纳米纤维素模拟塑料包装膜及其制备方法,属于生物材料及食品包装技术领域。
背景技术
塑料包装薄膜应用十分广泛,但容易产生有毒有害气体和异味,且塑料包装膜不易分解,可造成严重的“白色污染”。可降解型包装薄膜是以天然可降解性物质(如蛋白质、纤维素、多糖及其衍生物等)为原料,通过分子间的相互作用而形成的具有空间网状结构的薄膜。可降解型薄膜的实用性和与合成塑料包装膜性能相似,同时具有优于合成塑料的特点,主要体现在特有的阻隔性、安全性和无污染等优点,因此可降解型薄膜备受包装行业的重视。但是现有技术中可降解塑料的力学性能较差,需要进一步提高。
目前,国内关于可降解大豆蛋白模拟塑料薄膜研究目前多集中在大豆分离蛋白的改性及工艺的研究方面上,例如,专利CN201410681234.7通过加入聚乙烯、聚丙烯及改性大豆分离蛋白从而制备性质较稳定的可降解薄膜;专利CN201410681234.7通过加入淀粉与大豆蛋白制备出拉伸强度及高抗水性的模拟塑料薄膜;专利CN201110214101.5叙述了一种大豆蛋白薄膜的制备方法。然而上述专利中制得的薄膜虽然都为可降解薄膜,但是降解速度较慢且机械性能不够优良。因此,通过调节制备关键技术,提高可降解大豆蛋白模拟塑料薄膜的降解速度,同时保证模拟薄膜具有较好的机械性能、阻隔性能,就成为目前食品包装行业有待解决的问题之一。
发明内容
本发明的目的是要提供一种快速降解型大豆蛋白模拟塑料薄膜及其制备方法,并可应用与食品包装领域。为了实现上述目的,本发明的技术方案是:
一种快速降解型大豆蛋白模拟塑料薄膜及其制备方法,包括以下步骤;
(1)制备聚乙烯醇溶液:1.5~2.5%聚乙烯醇在90℃的水浴锅内,在磁力搅拌的条件下进行溶解,溶解后将聚乙烯醇溶液冷却至30~50℃;
(2)制备纳米纤维素匀浆:将一定量纳米纤维素冻干粉加入到蒸馏水中,在100MPa的高压均质机作用下,形成质量分数为1%的纳米纤维素匀浆;
(3)大豆蛋白模拟塑料薄膜液的制备:将2~4%大豆分离蛋白加入到聚乙烯醇的溶液中;之后加入2~3%的纳米纤维素匀浆,5%的无水乙醇,2%的甘油;
(4)调节pH值:用0.lmol/L的HCl或0.lmol/LNaOH调解复合溶液的pH值为7.0;
(5)恒温水浴加热:磁力搅拌条件下,50℃水浴加热20min;
(6)干燥成膜:将水浴后的模拟塑料薄膜溶液经纱布过滤后,倒置在亚格力板槽内,并置于50℃的鼓风干燥箱内干燥8h;
(7)回软揭膜:将干燥后的亚格力板置于恒温恒湿箱内进行回软揭膜。
进一步的,恒温恒湿箱的温度为22℃,湿度为60%RH。
进一步的,回软时间为24h。
本发明的有益效果为:
(1)本实验以水溶性的、可降解的大豆分离蛋白,可降解的聚乙烯醇及可降解的纳米纤维素为主要原料,对环境无毒无害无污染,环保且可快速降解;
(2)本发明提供了一种快速降解型大豆蛋白模拟塑料薄膜及其制备方法,操作简便,制得的薄膜厚度较均匀,且表面平整光滑,能够快速降解,时间从2~7个月不等,机械性能较强,阻气性能、阻水性能较好,具有良好的生物相容性及生物可降解性。该模拟塑料薄膜降解条件简单,将其埋于湿润且肥沃的土壤中,埋藏深度为20~40cm均可,阳光、空气、湿度等正常的环境条件下即可进行快速降解。纳米纤维素与PVA分子链之间羟基的氢键作用使膜内氢键密度增加,纳米纤维素较强的刚性及其与PVA界面的黏合作用使膜内高分子链之间形成较好的结合,同时PVA的大量轻基,会与SPI中的极基团反应,形成网络结构,因此三者之间形成了较强的结合作用,形成较稳定的且均匀的立体网状结构。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种快速降解型大豆蛋白模拟塑料薄膜及其制备方法,其特征在于按照以下步骤制备:
(1)向烧杯中加入2.5%聚乙烯醇在90℃的水浴内进行溶解,至聚乙烯醇完全溶解后冷却至30~50℃,磁力搅拌的状态下加入2%大豆分离蛋白,之后加入2%高压均质后的纳米纤维素匀浆,加入重量百分比含量为5%无水乙醇、2.0%甘油,再加入蒸馏水定容;
(2)将定容的溶液调节pH值至7.0,磁力搅拌器不断搅拌,50℃水浴加热20min,采用超声波清洗器超声10min进行消泡脱气处理,脱气后成膜液倒入的亚克力板槽内,倒膜量为60g;
(3)将装有膜液的亚格力板于50℃鼓风干干燥8h,之后放置恒温恒湿箱内24h,回软后揭膜;
(4)制得一种快速降解型大豆蛋白模拟塑料薄膜。
实施例2
一种快速降解型大豆蛋白模拟塑料薄膜及其制备方法,其特征在于按照以下步骤制备:
(1)向烧杯中加入2%聚乙烯醇在90℃的水浴内进行溶解,至聚乙烯醇完全溶解后冷却至30~50℃,磁力搅拌的状态下加入2%大豆分离蛋白,之后加入2.5%高压均质后的纳米纤维素匀浆,加入重量百分比含量为5%无水乙醇、2.0%甘油,再加入蒸馏水定容;
(2)将定容的溶液调节pH值至7.0,磁力搅拌器不断搅拌,50℃水浴加热20min,采用超声波清洗器超声10min进行消泡脱气处理,脱气后成膜液倒入的亚克力板槽内,倒膜量为60g;
(3)将装有膜液的亚格力板于50℃鼓风干干燥8h,之后放置恒温恒湿箱内24h,回软后揭膜;
(4)制得一种快速降解型大豆蛋白模拟塑料薄膜。
实施例3
一种快速降解型大豆蛋白模拟塑料薄膜及其制备方法,其特征在于按照以下步骤制备:
(1)向烧杯中加入1.5%聚乙烯醇在90℃的水浴内进行溶解,至聚乙烯醇完全溶解后冷却至30~50℃,磁力搅拌的状态下加入4%大豆分离蛋白,之后加入3%高压均质后的纳米纤维素匀浆,加入重量百分比含量为5%无水乙醇、2.0%甘油,再加入蒸馏水定容;
(2)将定容的溶液调节pH值至7.0,磁力搅拌器不断搅拌,50℃水浴加热20min,采用超声波清洗器超声10min进行消泡脱气处理,脱气后成膜液倒入的亚克力板槽内,倒膜量为60g;
(3)将装有膜液的亚格力板于50℃鼓风干干燥8h,之后放置恒温恒湿箱内24h,回软后揭膜;
(4)制得一种快速降解型大豆蛋白模拟塑料薄膜。
对实施例1-3制得的大豆蛋白模拟塑料薄膜及普通可降解塑料薄膜PO膜(聚烯烃膜)做降解速度、膜厚度、抗拉强度、断裂伸长率、水蒸气透过率、氧气透过率的性能测试,利用常规土埋法进行降解试验。
土埋法就是将需降解的薄膜掩埋在土壤肥沃,湿度适宜,温度适宜的环境下利用土壤中的微生物进行降解试验。
对实施例1-3制得的大豆蛋白模拟塑料薄膜及普通可降解塑料薄膜PO膜对比结果见下表:
注:每组实验都进行了三组平行试验,每个数值都是三组数据的平均值。
Claims (5)
1.一种快速降解型大豆蛋白模拟塑料薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于按照以下步骤制备:
(1)向装有蒸馏水的烧杯中加入一定量1.5%~2.5%聚乙烯醇在90℃的水浴锅内进行溶解,待将聚乙烯醇溶液放至30~50℃之后加入2%~4%大豆分离蛋白,之后再加入重量百分比含量为5%无水乙醇、2%甘油,最后加入2%~3%的经100MPa高压均质后的纳米纤维素匀浆,匀浆的质量分数为1%,在磁力搅拌的状态下加入,再加入蒸馏水定容;
(2)将定容之后的溶液调节pH值至7.0,50℃水浴加热20min,并不断磁力搅拌,采用超声波清洗器,在40KHz频率下超声10min进行消泡脱气处理,脱气后成膜液倒入的亚克力板槽内;
(3)将装有膜液的亚格力板于50℃鼓风烘干箱内干燥8h,在温度22℃湿度为60%RH的恒温恒湿箱内放置24h,之后进行揭膜;
(4)制得一种快速降解型大豆蛋白模拟塑料薄膜。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种快速降解型大豆蛋白模拟塑料薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述的大豆分离蛋白、聚乙烯醇、纳米纤维素匀浆的添加量分别为2~4%,2.0%,3%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种快速降解型大豆蛋白模拟塑料薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中纳米纤维素冻干粉在100MPa的高压均质机的作用下进行高压均质,制得纳米纤维素匀浆。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种快速降解型大豆蛋白模拟塑料薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)倒膜选用的基底材料亚格力板槽规格为长200 mm×宽200 mm×高10 mm,倒膜量为60g。
5.根据权利要求3-4任一项所述的大豆蛋白模拟塑料薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于,提高大豆蛋白模拟塑料薄膜的机械性能,降解性能,以及阻隔性能,满足人们日常的需要。
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