CN105413708B - 一种低浓度空气污染物净化材料的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种低浓度空气污染物净化材料的制备方法,该净化材料是以堇青石蜂窝陶瓷为载体,拟薄水铝石为粘结剂,将钯铜氧化铝粉末和氧化锰粉末涂覆在载体上。该净化材料制备方法简单,便于大规模工业化生产,能够同时对环境中的低浓度一氧化碳和一氧化氮混合气体污染物进行净化治理,净化效率都大于75%。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种低浓度空气污染物的净化材料及其制备方法,特别是涉及一种低浓度一氧化碳、一氧化氮混合废气的净化材料及其制备方法,属于环境污染综合治理技术领域。
背景技术
工厂、机动车排放的一氧化碳(CO)和一氧化氮(NO)会造成环境空气污染,长时间的接触低浓度的废气会对人体造成很大的危害。CO是一种无色、无味、易燃、易爆的有毒气体,CO与血红蛋白的亲合力比氧与血红蛋白的亲合力高200~300倍,所以CO极易与血红蛋白结合,形成碳氧血红蛋白,使血红蛋白丧失携氧的能力,造成组织窒息。长期接触低浓度CO可能对人体健康造成影响,如头晕、头痛、耳鸣、乏力、睡眠障碍、记忆力减退等脑衰弱综合征的症状。而氮氧化物是形成光化学烟雾和酸雨的一个重要原因。汽车尾气中的氮氧化物与碳氢化合物经紫外线照射发生反应形成的有毒的光化学烟雾,也会强烈刺激人和动物的眼睛以及呼吸道黏膜,引起严重的眼睛红肿、视觉敏感度、视力降低以及喉炎、头痛、呼吸困难,严重的还可诱发淋巴细胞染色体畸变,损害酶的活性和溶血反应,加速衰老。另外,氮氧化物与空气中的水反应生成的硝酸和亚硝酸是酸雨的成分。
目前采用分开治理的方式治理CO和NO,即两种单一功效的催化剂联用,而实际治理的污染物气氛中,污染物成分复杂且浓度不同,CO和NO等污染物分子在催化剂颗粒表面会出现竞争性或选择性吸附,单效催化剂(CO氧化催化剂及NO氧化催化剂)的催化活性位会被非特定催化分子所覆盖而失活,造成单一催化剂活性迅速下降,影响实际应用寿命,间接提高了使用成本。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了克服现有技术的不足,提供一种操作简单、处理效率高、可以同时治理CO和NO空气污染物的净化材料及制备方法。
一种低浓度空气污染物净化材料的制备方法,其特征在于,通过控制酸碱度调节净化材料粉末浆料的料粘度和流动性,在堇青石蜂窝陶瓷上涂覆一层净化材料粉末,制备得到整体式催化剂,具体包括如下步骤:
(1)将1.0-4.0 g PdCl2和3.0-10.0 g CuCl2·2H2O溶于100 mL浓氨水中,在搅拌的条件下加入50g 氧化铝,在40-100℃烘箱中烘干,然后在200-500℃温度下焙烧4小时,制备得到钯铜氧化铝粉末;
(2)将240 mL 0.2-0.4 mol/L氯化锰及0.1~0.3 mol/L 高锰酸钾溶液混合搅拌2-8 h,反应后的溶液进行过滤洗涤后放入40-100oC烘箱中干燥,制备得到氧化锰粉末;
(3)将4.0-12.0 g 钯铜氧化铝粉末、4.0-12.0 g氧化锰粉末和4.0-10.0 g拟薄水铝石均匀分散在水中,然后边搅拌边滴加0.01-0.2 mol/L硝酸溶液,使拟薄水铝石完全解胶,继续搅拌一定时间形成浆料,将堇青石蜂窝载体浸泡在浆料中,取出后用高压气枪吹扫多余浆料,放入50-100℃烘箱中干燥8-24 h,得到整体式净化材料。
所述的堇青石蜂窝陶瓷的孔密度为100~400孔/平方英寸。
本发明的优点是能够同时对能够同时对环境中的低浓度一氧化碳和一氧化氮混合气体污染物进行净化治理,且具有较好的净化效果,净化后的空气质量能得到国家空气二级标准。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明的实施例作详细说明:本实施例在以本发明技术方案为前提下进行实施,给出了详细的实施方式和具体的操作过程,但本发明的保护范围不限于下述的实施例。
实施例1:
钯铜氧化铝粉末的制备:将2.08 g PdCl2和6.67 g CuCl2·2H2O溶于100 mL浓氨水中,在搅拌的条件下加入50g Al2O3粉末,在50℃烘箱中烘干,然后在300℃温度下焙烧4小时。
氧化锰粉末的制备:将240 mL 0.3 mol/L氯化锰及0.2 mol/L 高锰酸钾溶液混合搅拌2~8 h,反应后的溶液进行过滤洗涤后放入40~100oC烘箱中干燥。
整体式净化材料的制备:将8.0g钯铜氧化铝粉末、8.0g氧化锰粉末和4.0g拟薄水铝石均匀分散在水中,然后边搅拌边滴加4.0 mL 0.1 mol/L硝酸溶液,使拟薄水铝石完全解胶,继续搅拌一定时间形成浆料,将200孔/平方英寸的堇青石蜂窝载体(5cm×5cm×5cm)浸泡在浆料中,取出后用高压气枪吹扫多余浆料,放入100℃烘箱中干燥24 h。
催化剂评价方法:低浓度空气污染物净化实验在常压固定床U型反应器(内径为11mm)中进行性能评价,将整体式催化剂切成底面积为1cm2、高度为5cm的圆柱体(体积为5cm3)。反应温度为30℃,CO浓度为10 ppm,NO浓度为1ppm,余为空气,空速为5000 h-1,使用一氧化碳分析仪(Thermo,Model 48i)和一氧化氮分析仪(Thermo,Model 42i)进行产物分析,本实施例制得的净化材料对CO和NO的净化效率分别为78.0%和76.2%。
实施例2:
将实施例1中钯铜氧化铝粉末改成6.0 g,氧化锰粉末改成10.0g,拟薄水铝石改成4.0g,其余制备方法同实施例1。催化剂评价方法同实施例1。测试结果表明,本实施例制得的净化材料对CO和NO的净化效率分别为62.1%和82.5%。
实施例3:
将实施例1中钯铜氧化铝粉末改成4.0 g,氧化锰粉末改成12.0g,拟薄水铝石改成4.0g,其余制备方法同实施例1。催化剂评价方法同实施例1。测试结果表明,本实施例制得的净化材料对CO和NO的净化效率分别为56.1%和88.1%。
实施例4:
将实施例1中钯铜氧化铝粉末改成10.0 g,氧化锰粉末改成6.0g,拟薄水铝石改成4.0g,其余制备方法同实施例1。催化剂评价方法同实施例1。测试结果表明,本实施例制得的净化材料对CO和NO的净化效率分别为84.0%和56.7%。
实施例5:
将实施例1中钯铜氧化铝粉末改成12.0 g,氧化锰粉末改成4.0g,拟薄水铝石改成4.0g,其余制备方法同实施例1。催化剂评价方法同实施例1。测试结果表明,本实施例制得的净化材料对CO和NO的净化效率分别为91.3%和38.2%。
Claims (1)
1.一种低浓度空气污染物净化材料的制备方法,其特征在于,通过控制酸碱度调节净化材料粉末浆料的料粘度和流动性,在堇青石蜂窝陶瓷上涂覆一层净化材料粉末,制备得到整体式催化剂,具体包括如下步骤:
(1)将1.0-4.0 g PdCl2和3.0-10.0 g CuCl2·2H2O溶于100 mL浓氨水中,在搅拌的条件下加入50g 氧化铝,在40-100℃烘箱中烘干,然后在200-500℃温度下焙烧4小时,制备得到钯铜氧化铝粉末;
(2)将240 mL 0.2-0.4 mol/L氯化锰及0.1~0.3 mol/L 高锰酸钾溶液混合搅拌2-8 h,反应后的溶液进行过滤洗涤后放入40-100oC烘箱中干燥,制备得到氧化锰粉末;
(3)将4.0-12.0 g 钯铜氧化铝粉末、4.0-12.0 g氧化锰粉末和4.0-10.0 g拟薄水铝石均匀分散在水中,然后边搅拌边滴加0.01-0.2 mol/L硝酸溶液,使拟薄水铝石完全解胶,继续搅拌一定时间形成浆料,将堇青石蜂窝载体浸泡在浆料中,取出后用高压气枪吹扫多余浆料,放入50-100℃烘箱中干燥8-24 h,得到整体式净化材料;
所述的堇青石蜂窝陶瓷的孔密度为100~400孔/平方英寸。
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