CN105409972A - 一种用于促进玫瑰茄花萼中花青素积累的组合物 - Google Patents

一种用于促进玫瑰茄花萼中花青素积累的组合物 Download PDF

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CN105409972A
CN105409972A CN201510786157.6A CN201510786157A CN105409972A CN 105409972 A CN105409972 A CN 105409972A CN 201510786157 A CN201510786157 A CN 201510786157A CN 105409972 A CN105409972 A CN 105409972A
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温岚
张俐
彭瑛
杨先林
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Hunan Radio and Television University
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Abstract

本发明属于植物栽培领域，具体涉及一种专门提高玫瑰茄中花青素含量的组合物。为了提高玫瑰茄中花青素的含量，本发明针对玫瑰茄中的飞燕草素和矢车菊素的糖苷合成过程，提供了一种组合物，这些组合物中的成分均为玫瑰茄花青素生物合成所必须的前体和中间产物，通过不断探索和改进，确定了该组合物的最佳使用时间和施用方法，经测定，按照本发明提供的组合物能使玫瑰茄花萼中的花青素含量成倍提高，花萼中花青素含量为对照组的121％-293％，且本技术方案对环境无污染，通过使用本发明提供的方法可为花青素加工行业提供更优质的原料。

Description

一种用于促进玫瑰茄花萼中花青素积累的组合物
技术领域
本发明属于功能性肥料领域，具体涉及一种专门提高玫瑰茄中花青素含量的组合物。
背景技术
玫瑰茄为锦葵科木槿属一年生草本植物，又名红角葵，洛神葵，山茄，苏丹红，美丽纳等，原产于非洲西印度群岛，至今已有几百年的种植历史，现广泛分布全球热带、亚热带地区。目前我国的广东、广西、云南、福建、浙江、四川、江西等省已有大面积的种植栽培。其花萼、种子和叶片均可利用，是一种具有多种经济用途的热带亚热带经济作物。玫瑰茄营养丰富，功用独特，花萼为肉质结构，多汁，含有丰富的蛋白质，有机酸，多种氨基酸，大量的天然色素和人体所需的矿物质。玫瑰茄花萼中含有丰富的花青素，主要是飞燕草素和矢车菊素的糖甙。
花青素具有抗氧化，抗自由基和抗衰老的作用，还能提高对脑细胞变性的预防，抑制痴呆症的发生，而且对治疗各种血液循环失调疾病，发炎性疾病均有疗效，是一种非常重要的天然食用色素和理想的食品添加剂，其在食品化妆品及医药等行业中应用极为广泛，因而研究和开发利用玫瑰茄花青素有着良好的应用价值和发展前景。
自然界有超过300种不同的花青素。他们来源于不同种水果和蔬菜如胭脂萝卜、玫瑰茄、桑葚、紫玉淮山、紫甘薯、越橘、酸果蔓、黑枸杞、蓝莓、葡萄、接骨木红、黑加仑、紫胡萝卜和红甘蓝、颜色从红到蓝。这些花青素主要包含飞燕草素(Delphindin)、矢车菊素(Cyanidin)、牵牛花色素(Petunidin)、芍药花色素(Peonidin)。不同类型的花青素的生物合成途径不尽相同，因而针对不同的植物，促进其花青素含量提高的方法是不同的。汪良驹等为了探索更为经济适用的果实增色技术，以13年生富士苹果为材料，在果实着色初期谷氨酸(Glu)溶液处理，然后分批取样，分析结果表明，不同浓度谷氨酸处理均能明显促进果皮花青素积累(汪良驹，L-谷氨酸促进富士苹果花青素积累的效应，果树学报，2006,23(2)：157-160)。郭仰东将紫甘蓝种子浸泡在一定浓度的褪黑素溶液中，处理一段时间后，经过漂洗再播种，能使紫甘蓝中的花青素含量明显提高(申请公布号CN104686005)。王中华发现5-氨基乙酰丙酸和金雀异黄素能促进苹果皮中花青素的形成(王中华，5-氨基乙酰丙酸和金雀异黄素促进苹果果皮花青素形成的效应，园艺学报，2006,33(5)：1055-1058)。遗憾的是，以上方法对于玫瑰茄花萼中花青素积累的效果并不明显，因此如何促进玫瑰茄中花青素积累仍然需要我们去探索。
在花青素合成的代谢途径中，苯丙氨酸是黄酮类生物合成的直接前体，花青素分子的一个芳香环及其C3侧链来自苯丙氨酸，其它部分由乙酰－CoA经聚酮酐途径而产生，在细胞质中经过一系列酶促反应下的羟基化、糖基化、甲基化和酰基化修饰后被转移至液泡内，并在汇集于液泡内储存。为了提高玫瑰茄中花青素的含量，发明人针对玫瑰茄中的飞燕草素和矢车菊素的糖苷合成过程，提供了一种组合物，这些组合物中的成分均为玫瑰茄花青素生物合成所必须的前体和中间产物，经测定，本发明提供的组合物能使玫瑰茄花萼中的花青素含量成倍提高。通过使用本发明提供的组合物能使花青素加工行业获得更优质的原料。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对玫瑰茄中花青素含量过低，提供一种组合物，使花萼中花青素含量为对照的250％。
本发明提供的组合物由以下成分组成：白砂糖15％(质量百分数)，L-苯丙氨酸400-800ppm，香豆酸50-90ppm，二氢槲皮素5-15ppm，烯效唑80ppm，诱导剂GA350mg/L，表面活性剂0.2％。
其中，所述的表面活性剂为TritonX-100或Tween-20。
组合物中所有试剂均为市售。
使用该组合物的最佳时期是现蕾期，现蕾期第一天起每天使用组合物涂抹花托和花柄，直至盛花期，此后，采用喷雾的方式处理整个花蕾，盛花期后，将组合物涂抹在果梗中部，采摘前三天停止处理。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果为：
(1)本发明提供的组合物对早熟型和晚熟型玫瑰茄花萼中花青素的形成均有显著促进作用，对晚熟型玫瑰茄的效果更佳。
(2)本发明提供的组合物能显著延长玫瑰茄的花期，防止花果提前脱落。
(3)本发明提供的组合物涉及的成分均为市售，制备方法简单易行，可以大规模使用，为花青素工业加工行业提供更优质、低廉的花青素原料，同时为消费者提供更为可靠的花青素食品原料。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式进一步阐明本发明。
实施例1组合物的制备
本发明所述的组合物中，白砂糖占15％(质量百分数)，烯效唑80ppm，诱导剂GA350mg/L，表面活性剂0.2％，L-苯丙氨酸400-800ppm，香豆酸50-90ppm，二氢黄酮醇5-15ppm，为实现最优的配比，本发明对L-苯丙氨酸、香豆酸和二氢黄酮醇的配比进行了三因素三水平正交试验，试验设计见表1。
表1组合物中三种植物生长调节剂的正交试验设计表
实施例2组合物的使用方法
试验于2014年5月17日-6月3日进行，在果园中选取生长势与负载量相似的玫瑰茄20株，以清水为对照，使用不同配比的组合物对生长在同一地块的玫瑰茄进行处理，具体方法是：从现蕾期第一天起每天使用组合物涂抹花托和花柄，直至盛花期，此后，采用喷雾的方式处理整个花蕾，盛花期后，将组合物涂抹在果梗中部，采摘前三天停止处理。
使用实施例3提供的方法，测定不同配比组合物处理后的玫瑰茄中花青素含量，结果(表1)可以看到，A1B3C3的方案为最优，按照这一配比制得的组合物使花青素含量达到254.5(单位待定)，其次是A2B1C2，再次为A2B2C3、A3B3C2和A3B1C3。
实施例3花青素的测定方法
花青素参照蒋梅巧的方法(见“紫甘薯花青素含量积累规律初探”)。
(一)试剂及配置方法。
(1)0.025mol/LpH1.0盐酸-氯化钾缓冲液；1.86gKCL溶于980mL蒸馏水中，用浓盐酸调pH至1.0，定容1000mL。
(2)0.4mol/LpH4.5盐酸-醋酸钠缓冲液，54.43g结晶醋酸钠溶于960mL蒸馏水中，用浓盐酸调pH至4.5，定容1000mL。
(3)盐酸乙醇液，95％乙醇∶1.5mol/L盐酸，体积比85∶15混合。
(二)原料处理
每处理分3次重复称取试验样品。100g花萼用300mL盐酸乙醇溶液匀浆，振荡后封口，室温静置过夜，用布氏漏斗抽滤，残渣用盐酸乙醇洗涤几次后，合并滤液，定容500mL。
(三)测定
各取2mL滤液分别用pH1.0盐酸-氯化钾和pH4.5盐酸-醋酸钠定容100mL，用蒸馏水作对照，分别测定其在530nm和700nm处的吸光度。
(四)计算公式
(1)A＝(A530-A700)pH1.0-(A530-A700)，pH4.5，滤液中以Cyanidin-3-glucoside计的花色苷总含量(mg/mL包含糖配基的重量)：
(2)P＝A×MW×DF/(E×L)，其中：MW:Cyanidin-3-glu的分子量＝449.2；DF:
稀释倍数＝100/2＝50；E:Cyanidin-3-glu的克分子吸光率常数＝26900(molarabsorptivity)；L：比色杯光程，1cm时＝1。
(3)花萼中以Cyanidin-3-glucoside计的花青素含量W(mg/100g)：W＝P*500/2。

Claims (4)

1.一种用于促进玫瑰茄花萼中花青素积累的组合物，其特征在于，所述组合物由包含以下组分：白砂糖15％(质量百分数)，L-苯丙氨酸400-800ppm，香豆酸50-90ppm，二氢槲皮素5-15ppm，烯效唑80ppm，诱导剂GA350mg/L，表面活性剂0.2％。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种用于促进玫瑰茄花萼中花青素积累的组合物，其组分和含量优选为：白砂糖15％(质量百分数)，L-苯丙氨酸400-600ppm，香豆酸70-90ppm，二氢桑色素10-15ppm，烯效唑80ppm，诱导剂GA350mg/L，表面活性剂0.2％。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种用于促进玫瑰茄花萼中花青素积累的组合物，其组分和含量进一步优选为：白砂糖15％(质量百分数)，L-苯丙氨酸400ppm，香豆酸90ppm，二氢桑色素15ppm，烯效唑80ppm，诱导剂GA350mg/L，表面活性剂0.2％。
4.根据权利要求1所述一种用于促进玫瑰茄花萼中花青素积累的组合物的使用方法，其特征在于，包含以下步骤：
(1)从玫瑰茄现蕾期开始第一天起每天使用所述组合物涂抹花托和花柄，直至盛花期；
(2)进入盛花期以后，每天早上采用喷雾的方式处理整个花蕾；
(3)盛花期过后，每天早上将组合物涂抹在果梗中部，采摘前三天停止处理。
CN201510786157.6A 2015-11-16 2015-11-16 一种用于促进玫瑰茄花萼中花青素积累的组合物 Pending CN105409972A (zh)

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