CN105390715B - A kind of low-temperature cool starting fuel cell system and utilize method - Google Patents
A kind of low-temperature cool starting fuel cell system and utilize method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105390715B CN105390715B CN201510741934.5A CN201510741934A CN105390715B CN 105390715 B CN105390715 B CN 105390715B CN 201510741934 A CN201510741934 A CN 201510741934A CN 105390715 B CN105390715 B CN 105390715B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04037—Electrical heating
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
- H01M8/04074—Heat exchange unit structures specially adapted for fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04268—Heating of fuel cells during the start-up of the fuel cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of low-temperature cool starting fuel cell systems, including fuel cell system, low-temperature cool starting heating device, Fuel Cell Control System and electricity consumption end；The fuel cell system is connected with low-temperature cool starting heating device, Fuel Cell Control System and electricity consumption end respectively；The Fuel Cell Control System includes control panel and control power supply.System of the invention can not only accelerate the cold start-up of fuel cell at low temperature, in turn ensure the safe handling of pile, and pile core element membrane electrode is avoided to be destroyed, while which is also convenient for operating and control.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fuel cell field more particularly to fuel cell low-temperature cool starting fields.
Background technique
Currently, Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells is a kind of power generator for converting chemical energy to electric energy, core element
Membrane electrode can be effectively conducted ion at -20 DEG C, lay a good foundation for fuel cell low-temperature electricity-generating.However, fuel cell master
Wanting product is water, and during each run and end of run, cathode and anode have water presence, as shutdown temperature exists
0 DEG C hereinafter, it will cause frost, catalyst and proton exchange membrane are capped on membrane electrode, so that influencing its starts reactivity worth,
Freeze it is serious cannot will react completely, or even cause the destruction of membrane electrode irrecoverability.
In order to which quick start Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells, various low-temperature cool starting measures are suggested at low ambient temperatures,
In patent US6764780B2 by the way of anoxic load operating fuel cell, which passes through increasing fuel inside battery electricity
It hinders to improve the temperature of fuel cell, although this method is simple, it can be difficult to control, both be easy to cause fuel battery voltage to reverse
The problem of, but be easy to because load it is improper caused by membrane electrode permanently burn out.Patent CN201320253808.1, which is used, to be fired
The mode of material inside battery merging heating sheet, although which easily leads to short circuit convenient for control, and which needs to add
Working platform door installs the mounting groove of membrane electrode, easily leads to pile leakage.
Based on the above reasons, while our company devises to the heating of cathode manifold, anode manifolds and cooling line, add use
Electric end loads the mode being brought rapidly up, the scheme of quick cold start fuel battery under the conditions of zubzero temperature.
Summary of the invention
Present invention aim to address subproblem present in existing fuel cell technology, provides a kind of low temperature cold and open
Dynamic fuel cell system.
The purpose of the present invention is what is be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of low-temperature cool starting fuel cell system, including fuel cell system, low-temperature cool starting heating device, fuel electricity
Pond control system and electricity consumption end；The fuel cell system respectively with low-temperature cool starting heating device, Fuel Cell Control System
It is connected with electricity consumption end；The Fuel Cell Control System includes control panel and control power supply.
Preferably, the low-temperature cool starting fuel cell system is additionally provided with heating device controller.
Preferably, the low-temperature cool starting heating device include coolant heater, anode heater, cathode heater/
Coolant heater, anode and cathode share heater.
Preferably, the fuel cell system includes fuel cell pack, cooling circuit heating branch, cathode return circuit, anode
Circuit, heat-radiation loop.
Preferably, hydrogen gas circulating pump is provided on the anode loop；Anode loop is entered by hydrogen gas circulating pump and anode
Mouth pipeline is connected, and the anode inlet pipeline other end is connected to fuel cell pack.
Preferably, cathode humidification device is provided on the cathode return circuit；Cathode return circuit passes through cathode humidification device and yin
Pole entrance pipe is connected, and the other end of cathode inlet pipeline is connected to fuel cell pack；The cathode humidification device other end is set
It is equipped with cathode blower.
Preferably, the cooling circuit heating branch is provided with three valves of temperature control and coolant pump；The cooling circuit adds
Hot branch is connected to fuel cell pack by the cooling entrance pipe of coolant pump, the other end of cooling entrance pipe.
Preferably, the heat-radiation loop is connect with three valves of temperature control and coolant pump respectively.
Preferably, the fuel cell pack is set respectively with anode loop, cathode return circuit, cooling circuit heating branch connecting pin
It is equipped with thermoelectricity occasionally temperature sensor.
Another aspect of the invention is using above system method, using to fuel cell pack cathode inlet pipeline,
Anode inlet pipeline and cooling entrance pipe heat simultaneously, or only heat to anode and cathode entrance pipe, or only enter to cathode
Mouth pipeline is heated, and increases the method that the load of electricity consumption end starts fuel cell heating simultaneously；The heating method is electricity
Heating or aqueous vapor heating, using heating tape or heating tube.
Beneficial effects of the present invention: system of the invention can be using the side only heated to anode and cathode entrance pipe
Formula equally can be used the method for Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 while heat or heat respectively.Or using only to the progress of cathode manifold nearly entrance
Heating, while adding few electricity consumption end load.
First way can not only accelerate the cold start-up of fuel cell at low temperature, in turn ensure that the safety of pile makes
With, avoid pile core element membrane electrode from being destroyed, while which be also convenient for operate and control.Latter two mode starts speed
Degree is slightly slow, but the heat for needing to consume when starting is less.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is low-temperature cool starting fuel cell system schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is the low-temperature cool starting fuel cell system schematic diagram that cathode gas, anodic gas heat respectively；
Fig. 3 is the low-temperature cool starting fuel cell system schematic diagram of cathode gas, the unified heating of anodic gas.
Specific embodiment
In order to better illustrate the present invention, with reference to the attached drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, in the embodiment of the present invention
Technical solution is clearly and completely described.
A kind of low-temperature cool starting fuel cell system, including fuel cell system 1, low-temperature cool starting heating device 2, fuel
Battery control system 3 and electricity consumption end 4；1 system of fuel cell respectively with low-temperature cool starting heating device 2, fuel cell control
System 3 processed is connected with electricity consumption end 4；The Fuel Cell Control System 3 includes control panel and control power supply, and control panel is interior with control
Code processed；Control panel is connected with control power supply, and control power supply is connected with each controlled component, to realize fuel cell system
Control.The low-temperature cool starting fuel cell system is additionally provided with heating device controller 17.The low-temperature cool starting heating dress
It sets and is shared including coolant heater 20, anode heater 21, cathode heater 22 or coolant heater 20, anode and cathode
Heater 23.The fuel cell system includes fuel cell pack 5, cooling circuit heating branch 6, cathode return circuit 7, anode loop
8, heat-radiation loop 28.Hydrogen gas circulating pump 9 is provided on the anode loop；Anode loop 8 is entered by hydrogen gas circulating pump 9 with anode
Mouth pipeline 14 is connected, and 14 other end of anode inlet pipeline is connected to fuel cell pack 5.Cathode is provided on the cathode return circuit 7
Humidifier 13；Cathode return circuit 7 is connected by cathode humidification device 13 with cathode inlet pipeline 15, cathode inlet pipeline 15 it is another
One end is connected to fuel cell pack 5；13 other end of cathode humidification device is provided with cathode blower 12.The cooling circuit
Heating branch 6 is provided with three valves 18 of temperature control and coolant pump 11；Cooling circuit heating branch 6 by coolant pump 11 with
Cooling entrance pipe 16 is connected, and the other end of cooling entrance pipe 16 is connected to fuel cell pack 5.The heat-radiation loop 28 is distinguished
It is connect with three valves 18 of temperature control and coolant pump 11.The fuel cell pack 5 and anode loop 8, cathode return circuit 7, cooling circuit
Heating 6 connecting pin of branch is respectively arranged with thermoelectricity occasionally temperature sensor.
Using 80 proton exchange membrane liquid cooling piles, bipolar plates are graphite plate, and coolant liquid is ethylene glycol solution, and anode leads to pure
Hydrogen, cathode blowing air.It marks under condition, hydrogen specific heat at constant pressure is Cp=14.30kJ/ (kg.K), and pressurization by compressed air specific heat capacity is
1.004kJ/(kg.K).Metal plate specific heat capacity 90.64J/ (kg.K), graphite specific heat capacity are 710J/ (kg.K), and the density of hydrogen is
0.0899g/L, 80 pile bipolar plates quality are 28.17kg, and metal tailgate quality is 8.97kg, second two in pile radiating flow passage
Alcohol liquid quality is 1.32kg.It is computed, bipolar plates unit temperature thermal capacity is 20kJ/K；Coolant liquid unit temperature thermal capacity is
4.11kJ/K；With 0.1A/cm2For current density, in terms of the excess coefficient of anode 1.0 and the excess coefficient of cathode air 2.0
It calculates, needing hydrogen amount is 14.78L/min, and needing air capacity is 35.19L/min, then hydrogen unit temperature heating amount is 0.019kJ/min*
K, air unit temperature heating amount are 0.114kJ/min*K.Wherein membrane electrode use Du Pont Nafion212 film, membrane electrode by
It is extremely low in quality, it ignores in calculating, residual moisture quality is also very low in pile, also ignores in calculating.
Embodiment 1
The embodiment is comparative example, using above-mentioned liquid cooling proton exchange membrane pile fuel cell, after last time start completion, is used
Inert nitrogen gas purge cathode return circuit 7, anode loop 8, be blown to containing and a small amount of moisture.Start-up temperature is -10 DEG C, to rise
Temperature to 5 DEG C be normal start-up temperature, fuel cell is using connection type shown in Fig. 1.By taking electric heating as an example, 374kJ energy is needed,
Pile is only heated by way of heated cooling fluid, i.e., cooling entrance pipe 16 is heated, thus cold start fuel battery.
According to the electric heater of 600W, in the case where not considering energy loss and heat loss, system needs to heat at least 10 minutes
It can be only achieved 5 DEG C of start-up temperature, later with 0.1A/cm2Current density adds electricity consumption end to load, about 3.5 minutes up to 25 DEG C, then fuel
Battery starts at -10 DEG C, needs reach Operation at full power condition within about 23.5 minutes.
Embodiment 2
The embodiment uses above-mentioned liquid cooling pile, and start-up temperature is -10 DEG C, to be warming up to 5 DEG C as normal start-up temperature, fires
Expect battery using connection type shown in Fig. 2.Using Electric heating, electricity only is heated by way of heating cathode, anodic gas
Heap heats anode inlet pipeline 14, cathode inlet pipeline 15, thus cold start fuel battery.To correspond to 0.1A/
cm2For the gas flow of current density, anode heating power 50W, cathode heating power 250W consider heat dissipation and energy loss
The gas into system of -10 degree is heated to 60 DEG C by redundancy, and two heaters are uniformly controlled.When the air-flow of heating is passed through electricity
After heap, with 0.1A/cm2Current density adds electricity consumption end to load.Pile electricity production is about 1.5kW, quantity of heat production 1.5kJ/s at this time,
Then system can reach 5 DEG C of start-up temperature at 2 minutes, as stack temperature rises, gradually increase the load of electricity consumption end, system 14 is divided
It can reach Operation at full power in clock.
Embodiment 3
The embodiment is as preference, and using above-mentioned liquid cooling pile, it is normal to be warming up to 5 DEG C that start-up temperature, which is -10 DEG C,
Start-up temperature, fuel cell is using connection type shown in Fig. 2.Using Electric heating, pass through heated cooling fluid and cathode, anode
The mode of gas heats pile, i.e., adds simultaneously to anode inlet pipeline 14, cathode inlet pipeline 15, cooling entrance pipe 16
Heat, thus cold start fuel battery.To correspond to 0.1A/cm2For the gas flow of current density, anode heating power 50W, yin
Pole heating power 250W, cooling heating power 600W, considers heat dissipation and energy loss redundancy, by the gas into system of -10 degree
Body is heated to 60 DEG C of degree, while heated cooling fluid, three heaters control respectively.After the air-flow of heating is passed through pile, with
0.1A/cm2Current density adds electricity consumption end to load.Pile electricity production is about 1.5kW, quantity of heat production 1.5kJ/s at this time, then system is not
It can reach 5 DEG C of start-up temperature by 1 minute, as stack temperature rises, the load of electricity consumption end gradually increased, in system 11.5 minutes
It can reach Operation at full power.
It is compared for 1 to 3 list of embodiment:
Embodiment 4
The embodiment is heated using mode shown in Fig. 3, anode and cathode gas inlet end using the same heater,
Which is useful in the identical pile of cathode and anode inlet temperature, and method is simple, convenient for control, but needs to control heat gas
Maximum temperature.
Embodiment 5
The embodiment is respectively heated using mode shown in Fig. 2, anode and cathode gas feed section, and which can be more preferable
Ground controls the temperature of each air inlet, and heating efficiency is high, and practical operation when being easily installed heater.
Embodiment 1 only heats coolant liquid, needs for entire fuel cell pack to be heated to 0 DEG C or more, proton is handed over
The ice changed on film could partly or entirely melt, and be likely to be electrochemically reacted.Embodiment 2-5 is directly logical hot gas, hot gas
Directly contact proton exchange membrane, the ice on film can instantaneous portion melt, have electrochemical reaction occurrence condition, to generate electricity, this
Sample can simultaneously plus electricity consumption end loads, to greatly shorten the cold start-up time.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto,
Within the technical scope of the present disclosure, any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by anyone skilled in the art,
It should all be included within the scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be with the protection of claims
Subject to range.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of low-temperature cool starting fuel cell system, fuel cell uses proton exchange membrane liquid cooling pile, which is characterized in that packet
Include fuel cell system, low-temperature cool starting heating device, Fuel Cell Control System and electricity consumption end, the low-temperature cool starting fuel
Battery system is additionally provided with heating device controller；The fuel cell system includes fuel cell pack, cooling circuit heating branch
Road, cathode return circuit, anode loop, heat-radiation loop, bipolar plates are graphite plate, and coolant liquid is ethylene glycol solution, and anode leads to pure hydrogen, yin
Pole blowing air, the fuel cell system respectively with low-temperature cool starting heating device, Fuel Cell Control System and electricity consumption end phase
Even；The Fuel Cell Control System includes control panel and control power supply, and the low-temperature cool starting heating device includes coolant liquid
Heater, anode heater, cathode heater or coolant heater, anode and cathode share heater.
2. system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that be provided with hydrogen gas circulating pump on the anode loop；Anode
Circuit is connected by hydrogen gas circulating pump with anode inlet pipeline, and the anode inlet pipeline other end is connected to fuel cell pack.
3. system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that be provided with cathode humidification device on the cathode return circuit；Yin
Pole circuit is connected by cathode humidification device with cathode inlet pipeline, and the other end of cathode inlet pipeline is connected to fuel cell
Heap；The cathode humidification device other end is provided with cathode blower.
4. system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the cooling circuit heating branch road is provided with temperature control three
Valve and coolant pump；The cooling circuit heating branch is connected by coolant pump with cooling entrance pipe, cooling entrance pipe
The other end be connected to fuel cell pack.
5. system according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the heat-radiation loop respectively with three valves of temperature control and coolant liquid
Pump connection.
6. -5 any system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the fuel cell pack and anode loop, cathode
Circuit, cooling circuit heating branch connecting pin are respectively arranged with thermoelectricity occasionally temperature sensor.
7. utilizing the method for any system of claim 1-5, which is characterized in that using the cathode inlet to fuel cell pack
Pipe, anode inlet pipeline and cooling entrance pipe heat simultaneously, or only heat to anode and cathode entrance pipe, or only to cathode
Entrance pipe is heated, and increases the method that the load of electricity consumption end starts fuel cell heating simultaneously；The heating method is
Electric heating or aqueous vapor heating, using heating tape or heating tube.
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| CN201510741934.5A CN105390715B (en) | 2015-11-04 | 2015-11-04 | A kind of low-temperature cool starting fuel cell system and utilize method |
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| CN201510741934.5A CN105390715B (en) | 2015-11-04 | 2015-11-04 | A kind of low-temperature cool starting fuel cell system and utilize method |
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| CN105390715A CN105390715A (en) | 2016-03-09 |
| CN105390715B true CN105390715B (en) | 2019-04-05 |
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| CN108232238B (en) * | 2016-12-22 | 2023-09-12 | 宇通客车股份有限公司 | Fuel cell system, control method and fuel cell automobile |
| CN106784922B (en) * | 2017-02-15 | 2023-09-22 | 天津大学 | Cold starting device for heating proton exchange membrane fuel cell by using graphite plate to supply direct current |
| CN106887616B (en) * | 2017-03-10 | 2023-08-04 | 同济大学 | Fuel cell cold start system and method based on liquid organic hydrogen storage |
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| WO2019109844A1 (en) * | 2017-12-04 | 2019-06-13 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Direct liquid fuel cell power generation device |
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| CN109921066B (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2022-03-15 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Low-temperature starting method of proton exchange membrane fuel cell |
| CN108336379B (en) * | 2018-01-22 | 2020-06-19 | 广东国鸿氢能科技有限公司 | Heating device and fuel cell cooling system |
| CN108288718A (en) * | 2018-02-01 | 2018-07-17 | 四川爱温特科技有限公司 | A kind of hydrogen fuel cell system |
| CN109921065A (en) * | 2019-02-28 | 2019-06-21 | 中山大洋电机股份有限公司 | A kind of cold boot of fuel cell system and cold start controlling method |
| WO2020173166A1 (en) * | 2019-02-28 | 2020-09-03 | 中山大洋电机股份有限公司 | Fuel cell cold start system and cold start control method |
| CN111029613B (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2021-03-26 | 同济大学 | Combined heating fuel cell low-temperature starting system and working method |
| CN111082099B (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2023-02-28 | 同济大学 | Fuel cell engine air subsystem capable of adjusting temperature |
| CN110931829A (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2020-03-27 | 吉林大学 | Fuel cell cold start system with purging device and control method |
| CN111180758B (en) * | 2020-01-07 | 2021-08-24 | 上海神力科技有限公司 | Low-temperature starting device and method for fuel cell system |
| CN111916787B (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2022-08-09 | 浙江高成绿能科技有限公司 | Miniature fuel cell and low-temperature starting operation method thereof |
| CN113745587B (en) * | 2021-07-27 | 2023-05-30 | 东风汽车集团股份有限公司 | Low-temperature cold start fuel cell electricity load loading method and system |
| CN113839065B (en) * | 2021-09-18 | 2023-05-09 | 电子科技大学 | Fuel cell cooling water loop thermal compensation temperature control system and control method |
| CN116666689B (en) * | 2023-08-01 | 2023-12-08 | 山东美燃氢动力有限公司 | Low-temperature cold start control method of fuel cell system and fuel cell system |
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Denomination of invention: A low-temperature cold start fuel cell system and its utilization method Effective date of registration: 20230614 Granted publication date: 20190405 Pledgee: Bank of Shanghai Co.,Ltd. Beijing Branch Pledgor: BEIJING NOWOGEN TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD. Registration number: Y2023980044065 |