CN105365172A - 用于配给塑料颗粒的方法 - Google Patents

用于配给塑料颗粒的方法 Download PDF

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CN105365172A
CN105365172A CN201510498393.8A CN201510498393A CN105365172A CN 105365172 A CN105365172 A CN 105365172A CN 201510498393 A CN201510498393 A CN 201510498393A CN 105365172 A CN105365172 A CN 105365172A
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cylinder body
plasticized screw
temperature
screw
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K·施特拉卡
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Engel Austria GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/17—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C45/46—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it into the mould
    • B29C45/47—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it into the mould using screws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/17—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C45/18—Feeding the material into the injection moulding apparatus, i.e. feeding the non-plastified material into the injection unit
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B13/00—Conditioning or physical treatment of the material to be shaped
    • B29B13/02—Conditioning or physical treatment of the material to be shaped by heating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B13/00—Conditioning or physical treatment of the material to be shaped
    • B29B13/08—Conditioning or physical treatment of the material to be shaped by using wave energy or particle radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/17—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C45/18—Feeding the material into the injection moulding apparatus, i.e. feeding the non-plastified material into the injection unit
    • B29C45/1808—Feeding measured doses
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/17—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C45/46—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it into the mould
    • B29C45/58—Details
    • B29C45/60—Screws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/17—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C45/76—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/17—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C45/76—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C45/78—Measuring, controlling or regulating of temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2945/00—Indexing scheme relating to injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould
    • B29C2945/76—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2945/76003—Measured parameter
    • B29C2945/7604—Temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2945/00—Indexing scheme relating to injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould
    • B29C2945/76—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2945/76344—Phase or stage of measurement
    • B29C2945/76367—Metering
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2945/00—Indexing scheme relating to injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould
    • B29C2945/76—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2945/76494—Controlled parameter
    • B29C2945/76531—Temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2945/00—Indexing scheme relating to injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould
    • B29C2945/76—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2945/76655—Location of control
    • B29C2945/76658—Injection unit
    • B29C2945/76665—Injection unit screw
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2945/00—Indexing scheme relating to injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould
    • B29C2945/76—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2945/76655—Location of control
    • B29C2945/76765—Moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2945/00—Indexing scheme relating to injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould
    • B29C2945/76—Measuring, controlling or regulating
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    • B29C2945/76846—Metering

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于影响在用于注塑机的塑化单元(1)的塑化缸体中的熔体温度的方法，该塑化单元具有可移动且可转动地设置在轴向延伸的塑化缸体的缸体孔中的塑化螺杆(4)，其中，根据在塑化单元(1)中的所希望的熔体温度来对输入塑化单元(1)的塑料颗粒实施配给。

Description

用于配给塑料颗粒的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有权利要求1的前序部分的特征的用于影响在塑化单元的塑化缸体中的熔体温度的方法。
背景技术
在同类型的塑化单元中，在注射所需的熔体容器的塑化期间在螺杆前室中产生不希望的轴向温度梯度。对此的原因是，在配给时有效螺杆长度的减小(参看C.劳文代尔的《塑料挤出》第四版，慕尼黑汉泽出版社，2001年(C.Rauwendaal,“PolymerExtrusion”4thEdition,HanserMunich2001))和各颗粒与流体元素的剪切历史与停留时间的与此相关联的变化、以及在塑化缸体中的轴向温度梯度。
在注塑过程中，在螺杆前室中的熔体温度借助于下列调节参量来影响(例如参看DE102010024267A1和J.L.怀特、H.波坦特的《螺杆挤出》，慕尼黑汉泽出版社，2003年(J.L.White,H.Potente,“ScrewExtrusion”,HanserMunich2003))。
——塑化缸体的温度控制：
熔体的温度借助于合适地预设给塑化缸体的加热装置的曲线来影响。
——滞止压力：
熔体的温度借助于合适地预设给塑化单元的滞止压力调节装置的曲线来影响。
——螺杆转速(或者说螺杆圆周速度)：
熔体的温度借助于合适地预设给塑化单元的塑化螺杆的马达的转速调节装置的曲线来影响。
在使用借助于陶瓷加热带的传统缸体加热装置时，塑化缸体的温度控制作为用于熔体温度调节装置的调节参量的应用由于系统的迟滞以及熔体的低导热能力而仅能被有限地实施。
在此，转速和/或滞止压力的变化(例如在塑化进程即将结束时转速或滞止压力的提高)提供了一种改善的干预可能性，以便一方面确保向熔体中的更高的能量输入并且另一方面提高熔体在塑化螺杆中的停留时间。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种同类型的方法，该方法具有相对于所述现有技术改善的用于影响在用于注塑机的塑化单元的塑化缸体中的熔体温度的可能性。
所述目的通过一种具有权利要求1的特征的方法来实现。
如开头所述，部分地由于塑化螺杆的起作用的螺杆长度在塑化过程期间的变化而在塑化单元的螺杆前室中形成温度梯度。如果根据在塑化单元中的所希望的熔体温度来对输送给塑化单元的塑料颗粒进行配给，那么可以影响塑化螺杆的有效螺杆长度。
本发明的有利实施方式在从属权利要求中限定。
所述配给可以借助于商业上常见的按重量或按体积的配给单元来进行。根据待塑化的塑料颗粒的被输送的体积流量，可以因此改变初始压力形成的位置，这相当于改变塑化螺杆的起作用的或者说有效的螺杆长度。
优选规定，在配给期间对塑化螺杆减少进料。减少进料意味着：输送给塑化螺杆的颗粒相比于该塑化螺杆在进料区中所能输送的颗粒更少。由此，螺杆螺纹从与进料口的一定距离开始才被完全填充。从该点开始，在塑化单元中也开始压力形成。
如果例如在塑化进程期间如此对塑化螺杆有针对性地减少进料，使得有效螺杆长度是恒定的，那么可以消除不希望的温度梯度。
备选地可以规定，在配给期间如此对塑化螺杆减少进料，使得塑化螺杆的有效螺杆长度缩短。
也可以规定，在配给期间如此对塑化螺杆减少进料，使得塑化螺杆的有效螺杆长度在塑化阶段期间增加。由此产生更高的熔体温度。
特别优选这样一种方法，在该方法中，在塑化缸体中预设温度变化的所希望的温度梯度，并且如此进行配给，使得在塑化缸体中产生所述所希望的温度梯度。
附图说明
根据图1至7详细阐述本发明。
具体实施方式
图1示出在塑化单元1中的情形，其中，所述配给如此进行，使得产生一定的减少进料度A。完全填充在从填充口朝向螺杆顶端出发的第六个螺杆螺纹中实现。
如果在塑化进程期间如此对塑化螺杆有针对性地减少进料，使得有效螺杆长度是恒定的，那么可以在最大程度上消除不希望的温度梯度。此外存在如下可能性：通过有针对性地加长或缩短塑化螺杆来影响剩余的温度梯度。
图2示出一个用于以减少进料度B>A来对塑化螺杆4减少进料的实例。完全填充在从填充口朝向螺杆顶端出发的第七个螺杆螺纹中才实现。
起作用的螺杆长度的缩短导致更小的压力、更迟的熔化以及更少的停留时间并且因此导致更小的熔化温度。
在通过减小的减少进料度B<A来加长起作用的螺杆长度时，第一压力形成的位置朝向填充口转移。该情形在图3中示出。完全填充在从填充口朝向螺杆顶端出发的第五个螺杆螺纹中已经实现。这导致压力沿着塑化螺杆升高、颗粒更早的熔化以及更长的停留时间并且因此导致更高的熔化温度。
上述方法为螺杆前室中的温度提供一种新型的调节参量用以使用在熔化温度调节回路中(图4和7)。在图4中的附图标记51指代用于配给装置的控制或调节装置。
温度的测量在此优选利用接下来参照图5至7所描述的类型的基于超声波的温度测量系统来实现。
部分地示出用于注模机的塑化单元1，该塑化单元呈可移动地设置在(具有壁2的)塑化缸体的缸体孔中的可转动的塑化螺杆4的形式。通过在注射嘴(未示出)和塑化螺杆4的顶端之间的区域(螺杆前室3)中配给塑化的塑料而使塑化螺杆4远离注射嘴运动。在此，在螺杆前室3中形成所谓的熔料垫(Massepolster)。
如果超声波脉冲沿着(在超声波发射器和超声波接收器之间的)声路S被发射穿过塑料熔体，那么由如下公式得出脉冲穿过熔体的运行时间tLaufzeit：
t L a u f z e i t = &Integral; S d s c L , s ( p , T ) ,
其中，cL,s(p,T)表示在沿着声路的位置s上的与压力p和温度T有关的纵向声速。
如果纵向声速cL作为压力p和温度T的函数已知(通过校准测量或优选通过在本领域技术人员已知的对于不同塑料给出声运行时间的表格中查阅，这之所以是可以的，是因为在配给时在螺杆前室中产生至少接近恒定的压力)，那么可以由运行时间测量推导出沿着声路S的平均温度。
为了测量在螺杆前室3中的轴向温度分布而在多个轴向位置上实施超声波运行时间测量。该测量可以借助于所谓的反射测量或透射测量来实施。备选地也可以利用一个超声波转换器5交替地在不同的轴向位置上以多个注塑周期进行测量。
反射测量在图5中示出。对在螺杆前室3中的熔体温度进行轴向测量。
具有多个超声波转换器5的超声波转换器阵列沿着螺杆前室3安装在塑化缸体的壁2上。发射到塑化缸体中的超声波脉冲在缸体孔的上边缘上被反射。声能的一部分继续运行穿过塑化的塑料熔体、在缸体孔的下边缘上被反射并且往回运行至超声波转换器。由在缸体孔的上或下边缘上的反射运行时间(toben或tunten)之差和已知的缸体直径dzylinder可以推导出(在配给期间在滞止压力pstau的情况下的)声速并且因此推导出沿着声路的平均熔体温度Tm：
c L ( p = p s t a u , T m ) = 2 d z y l i n d e r t o b e n - t u n t e n .
通过在不同的轴向位置上的测量得出在螺杆前室3中的轴向温度曲线。在图4和7示出的分析单元8中进行计算。
在图6示出的透射测量中，具有超声波转换器5的两个对置的超声波转换器阵列6、7在沿着螺杆前室3的不同轴向位置上安装在塑化缸体的壁2上，其中，其中一个超声波转换器阵列用作发射器阵列6，而对置的超声波转换器阵列用作接收器阵列7。备选地也可以利用两个超声波转换器5(发射器和接收器)交替地在不同的轴向位置上以多个注塑周期进行测量。
从发射器阵列6的超声波转换器5发射到塑化缸体中的超声波脉冲运行穿过塑化缸体的壁2的第一半部、继续穿过塑料熔体并且然后穿过塑化缸体的壁2的第二半部至接收器阵列7的对置的超声波转换器5。从超声波脉冲的如此测量的总运行时间tgesamt中还必须减去穿过塑化缸体的壁2的运行时间ts、te。这可以通过借助于在发射器阵列6或接收器阵列7中的超声波转换器5进行的反射测量来确定。声速cL由如下得出：
c L ( p = p s t a u , T m ) = d z y l i n d e r t g e s a m t - t s 2 - t e 2
通过在不同的轴向位置上的测量得出在螺杆前室3中的轴向温度曲线。在图4和7示出的分析单元8中进行计算。调节经由调节设备9来进行。
te的测量是相对耗费的。假如在壁2中存在几乎旋转对称的温度曲线，那么te大致等于ts。因此可以省去te的测量。
在所有的实施例中，超声波转换器5贴靠在塑化缸体的壁2上、也就是说不是位于壁2的穿透壁2的孔中。也可想到，例如在由于装配在塑化缸体上的加热带而产生空间问题时，超声波转换器5以埋入盲孔中的形式设置在壁2中。
所希望的温度梯度的预设例如经由曲线发生器10来进行。将按体积配给时的配给体积流量或按重量配给时的配给重量流量和熔体温度的变化之间的关系优选以特征线场的形式提供给调节系统。特征线的校准优选以自动化过程进行。
因为在螺杆前室5中的测量位置上的熔体温度在测量的时刻不再可以改变，所以调节系统是自学习系统，也就是说系统从在塑化单元1或者说注塑机的实时周期内的温度测量中所获得的信息在接下来的周期中被用于计算调节参量。因此，系统需要一定数量的周期以便调节到在螺杆前室5中的所希望的温度梯度。但这并不构成限制，因为在稳定的和瞬态震荡的过程中不发生熔体温度的动态变化。
所述系统可以可选地集成到注塑机的机器控制系统中或者作为独立的系统来使用。因为对于温度测量来说不需要传感器孔，所以该独立的变型方案具有如下优点：对于多个注塑机仅需要一个测量和调节单元。

Claims (7)

1.用于影响在用于注塑机的塑化单元(1)的塑化缸体中的熔体温度的方法，该塑化单元具有可移动且可转动地设置在轴向延伸的塑化缸体的缸体孔中的塑化螺杆(4)，其特征在于，根据在塑化单元(1)中的所希望的熔体温度来对输送给塑化单元(1)的塑料颗粒进行配给。
2.按照权利要求1所述的方法，其中，在配给期间对塑化螺杆(4)减少进料。
3.按照权利要求2所述的方法，其中，在配给期间对塑化螺杆(4)减少进料，使得塑化螺杆(4)的有效螺杆长度是恒定的。
4.按照权利要求2所述的方法，其中，在配给期间对塑化螺杆(4)减少进料，使得塑化螺杆(4)的有效螺杆长度缩短。
5.按照权利要求1所述的方法，其中，在配给期间对塑化螺杆(4)减少进料，使得塑化螺杆(4)的有效螺杆长度增加。
6.按照权利要求1至5中至少一项所述的方法，其中，预设在塑化缸体中的温度变化的所希望的温度梯度，并且进行配给，使得在塑化缸体中产生所述所希望的温度梯度。
7.按照权利要求1至6中至少一项所述的方法，其中，借助于超声波转换器(5)确定在塑化缸体中的温度。
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