CN105362947A - 一种治疗下肢深静脉血栓的中药制剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种治疗下肢深静脉血栓的中药制剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种治疗下肢深静脉血栓的中药制剂,其特征在于:所述中药制剂由下述重量份数的原料组成:川牛膝10-15份、当归10-15份、川芎10-15份、苦参5-10份、枳实10-15份、紫草10-20份、生地10-20份、丹皮10-15份、萆薢10-15份、砂仁5-10份、赤芍10-15份、肉桂5-10份、莪术10-15份、白花蛇舌草10-20份、毛冬青10-30份。本发明还公开了所述中药制剂的制备方法,本发明的中药制剂用于气血瘀滞、水湿外溢、阻塞脉道所致的下肢肿胀、酸困、疼痛,舌质暗红,苔白腻,脉滑等症,尤其对下肢深静脉血栓形成、原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全所致的上述症侯者效果好。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于中药制剂的技术领域,具体涉及一种治疗下肢深静脉血栓的中药制剂及其制备方法,具有明显延缓血栓形成的作用。
背景技术
下肢深静脉血栓形成是指血液在深静脉腔内不正常地凝结,阻塞静脉官腔,导致静脉回流障碍,引起下肢肿胀、疼痛、静脉瓣膜损害等临床症状的疾病,是血管外科常见病、多发病。据统计,在我国下肢深静脉血栓形成的患病率及确诊率近年来呈逐年递增的趋势。由于年龄、制动、创伤及手术(尤其盆腔或骨科手术)、妊娠及分娩等常见的诱发因素逐年增多,下肢深静脉血栓形成临床日益多见,可见下肢深静脉血栓形成引起的危害范围广而严重。因此需要采取有效的防治措施进行干预。
目前虽然治疗该病的药物较多,但普遍存在疗效不太理想的问题,并且现有的治疗药物大多数为西药,目前西医治疗办法为:急性期应用溶栓、抗凝药物,病情稳定后改用长期服用华法林抗凝治疗,治疗期间需监测患者血凝变化,病情容易反复,效果不理想,且患者有并发出血危险,可见这些西药虽然有一定的疗效,但其存在毒副作用也比较明显。
发挥中医的优势,可以对下肢深静脉血栓形成进行干预治疗,但现有治疗下肢深静脉血栓形成的中成药较少且多为单方,如β-七叶皂甙钠等,缺乏复方中药相互作用、加强疗效、监制毒性的优势,因此能够有效治疗下肢深静脉血栓形成的中药制剂尚很缺乏。
经查新,国内已有采用活血化瘀、清热利湿中药配合西药溶栓、抗凝治疗下肢深静脉血栓的文献报道,相关文献中未见与本发明方剂完全相同的报到;国外未见相关报到,并且国内外未查到研究闭塞型陈旧性下肢深静脉血栓中西医结合慢性溶栓疗法并以多普勒超声检查完全再通为标准评定临床疗效的文献报道。目前市场上治疗深静脉血栓的中成药物中,未见使用莪术、白花蛇舌草、紫草、萆薢等药物。即从来没有人想到要用莪术、白花蛇舌草、紫草、萆薢这些药物来治疗下肢深静脉血栓,我们的研究致力于打破这一常规,扩展对下肢深静脉血栓的治疗的研究。
发明内容
本发明为解决现有技术中西药治疗下肢深静脉血栓疗效欠佳,毒副作用大,无法从根本上控制病情,易造成副作用和并发症的技术问题,提供了一种治疗下肢深静脉血栓的中药制剂,可从根本上控制病情的进展,无副作用。
本发明为实现其目的采用的技术方案是:
一种治疗下肢深静脉血栓的中药制剂,所述中药制剂由下述重量份数的原料组成:川牛膝10-15份、当归10-15份、川芎10-15份、苦参5-10份、枳实10-15份、紫草10-20份、生地10-20份、丹皮10-15份、萆薢10-15份、砂仁5-10份、赤芍10-15份、肉桂5-10份、莪术10-15份、白花蛇舌草10-20份、毛冬青10-30份。
所述中药制剂由下述重量份数的原料组成:川牛膝11-14份、当归11-14份、川芎11-14份、苦参6-9份、枳实11-14份、紫草12-18份、生地12-18份、丹皮11-14份、萆薢11-14份、砂仁6-9份、赤芍11-14份、肉桂6-9份、莪术11-14份、白花蛇舌草12-18份、毛冬青12-18份。
所述中药制剂由下述重量份数的原料组成:川牛膝12-13份、当归12-13份、川芎12-13份、苦参7-8份、枳实12-13份、紫草14-16份、生地14-16份、丹皮12-13份、萆薢12-13份、砂仁7-8份、赤芍12-13份、肉桂7-8份、莪术12-13份、白花蛇舌草14-16份、毛冬青14-16份。
所述中药制剂由下述重量份数的原料组成:川牛膝12份、当归12份、川芎12份、苦参7份、枳实12份、紫草15份、生地15份、丹皮12份、萆薢12份、砂仁7份、赤芍12份、肉桂7份、莪术12份、白花蛇舌草15份、毛冬青13份。
所述中药制剂由下述重量份数的原料组成:川牛膝13份、当归13份、川芎13份、苦参8份、枳实13份、紫草15份、生地15份、丹皮13份、萆薢13份、砂仁8份、赤芍13份、肉桂8份、莪术13份、白花蛇舌草15份、毛冬青15份。
所述中药制剂由下述重量份数的原料组成:川牛膝10份、当归15份、生地15份、赤芍15份、丹皮15份、苦参10份、萆薢10份、紫草10份、莪术15份、枳实10份、川芎10份、砂仁5份、肉桂5份、白花蛇舌草15份、毛冬青15份。
一种治疗下肢深静脉血栓的中药制剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
A、煎煮:将当归、生地、赤芍、丹皮、苦参、萆薢、紫草、莪术、枳实、川芎、砂仁、肉桂、毛冬青、白花蛇舌草、川牛膝加水煎煮两次,第一次加7倍量的水煎煮1h,将煎液倒出,然后再加入7倍量的水煎煮0.5h,将煎液倒出;
B、浓缩:将步骤A两次煎煮得到的煎液合并、过滤,滤液浓缩至相对密度为1.25-1.3的清膏;
C、混合:将步骤B所得的清膏,按质量比1:3:1的比例加入糖粉和糊精;
D、制粒、分装:将步骤C中的糖粉、糊精与清膏混合均匀,然后通过14目网筛制粒,60-65℃烘干,然后再用10目筛整粒,然后装入复合膜袋保存即可。
本发明的有益效果是:
本发明由活血化瘀、消肿利湿及清热解毒药配伍而成。本发明的中药制剂用于气血瘀滞、水湿外溢、阻塞脉道所致的下肢肿胀、酸困、疼痛,舌质暗红,苔白腻,脉滑等症,尤其对下肢深静脉血栓形成、原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全所致的上述症侯者效果好。本发明中药制剂具有增强、促进血栓再管化引导溶栓、抗凝药物缓慢的溶解表面血栓为主并逐渐渗入血栓内部,既达到彻底溶栓的目的,又防止血栓脱落,本中药制剂还具有刺激产生和激活体液抗凝、纤溶系统的作用,同时协同促进外源性抗凝溶栓药物作用的发挥。
深静脉血栓的病因病机为:中医上认为因各种原因所至淤血内生,淤血阻于脉络气血运行不畅,不通则痛,血淤水停,溢于脉外而为肿,淤血水湿日久则化热,形成临床湿热下注证;西医认为深静脉血栓形成主要原因是血液高凝状态、静脉血流缓慢、静脉壁损伤。基于以上中西医对深静脉血栓病因病机的认识,我们将“活血化瘀、消肿利湿、清热解毒”作为根本法则,以当归、生地、赤芍、丹皮、莪术、苦参、萆薢、紫草、毛冬青、白花蛇舌草、枳实、川芎、砂仁、肉桂、川牛膝为主要药味。其中以当归、生地、赤芍、丹皮、莪术为君药,力专活血化瘀、破血逐瘀,改善微循环,促进血栓再通;以苦参、萆薢、紫草、毛冬青、白花蛇舌草为臣药,利湿消肿,清热解毒,改善下肢不适症状;以枳实、川芎、砂仁、肉桂为佐药,枳实、川芎理气助血行,砂仁、肉桂反佐,防苦寒过甚,更伤脾胃;以川牛膝为使药,活血化淤引血下行直达病所;各药味相互协同,以达到“活血化瘀、消肿利湿、清热解毒”之作用。经动物主要药效学实验、急性毒性实验和临床验证表明其疗效显著、安全、费用低、无毒副作用。
本中药制剂各成分的作用机理为:
当归:味甘;辛;苦;性温,归肝;心;脾经。补血;活血;调经止痛;润燥滑肠。当归可明显抑制抗体的产生,可显着增强巨噬细胞吞噬功能,又有促进体液免疫作用。同时可以抑制血小板聚集和降低血液粘滞性,防止血栓形成,对脑缺氧、缺血后再灌注脑组织脂质过氧化物增高有明显的抑制作用。
生地:生地养阴清热、活血养血。生地力专清热泻火,凉血消瘀。药理研究证明,生地有抗凝血酶作用,有激活纤溶系统的作用,能明显对抗凝血酶和内毒素诱发大白鼠DIC的发生,但均无血小板凝集作用。
丹皮:味苦、辛,归心、肝、肾经,具有活血散瘀、清热凉血之功效,丹皮中甲醇提取物有抑制内毒素所致实验性血栓的作用,对体液及细胞免疫均有增强作用。具有抗炎、增强吞噬细胞功能,增强体液免疫及细胞免疫功能,抗血栓形成作用。
赤芍:味苦,归肝经,具有清热凉血,散瘀止痛之功。现代药理研究证实赤芍能够抗血栓形成,抗血小板聚集,增强机体对缺血缺氧的耐受,抗肿瘤。
莪术:性辛、苦,温。归肝、脾经。具有破血逐瘀,行气止痛,散结之功效。现代药理研究证实,莪术有明显的抑制血小板聚集和抗血栓形成作用,同时也有一定的抗炎作用。
苦参:味苦;性寒,归肝、肾、心经、膀胱经。功能清热燥湿;祛风杀虫。现代药理研究肌肉注射氧化苦参碱能明显对抗巴豆油、角叉菜胶(大鼠)和冰醋酸(小鼠)诱发的渗出性炎症。兔灌胃、皮下注射、静脉注射、腹腔注射和肌肉注射苦参煎剂、苦参注射液及苦参碱均有利尿作用,尿中氯化钠量有显着增加。
萆薢:性苦,平,入肝、胃、膀胱经。功能祛风湿;利湿浊。
紫草:性寒,味甘、咸。归心、肝经。功能清热凉血,活血解毒,透疹消斑。现代药理研究证实紫草煎剂对炎症急性渗出期的血管通透性亢进,渗出和水肿及增殖期炎症均有拮抗作用。
毛冬青:性苦;涩;寒,归肺;肝;大肠经,具有清热解毒,活血通脉之功,现代研究认为毛冬青具有扩张血管、改善血液循环、抗炎的作用。
白花蛇舌草:性甘、淡,凉。入胃、大肠、小肠经。具有清热解毒,利尿消肿,活血止痛之功。现代药理研究,白花蛇舌草总黄酮具有增强机体特异性免疫功能和非特异性免疫功能,能够刺激网状内皮系统增生和增强吞噬细胞活力。
枳实:性苦;辛;寒。归脾;胃;肝;心经。功能破气消积;化痰除痞。现代药理研究提示枳实水煎液0.1g/ml体外试验,均有明显抗血栓形成作用。
川芎:性辛温,入肝、胆、心包经。具有活血祛瘀,行气开郁,祛风止痛之功。该药为治疗头部之要药,可引诸药上行,直达病所。现代药理研究证实,川芎具有抗血小板聚集,有提高红细胞和血小板表面电荷,降低血粘粘度,改善血液流变作用,可直接激活纤溶酶原。
砂仁:味辛;性温。归脾、胃、肾经。能化湿开胃,温脾止泻,理气安胎。
肉桂:性大热,味辛、甘。功能主治:补火助阳,引火归源,散寒止痛,活血通经。肉桂体外及体内试验,均有明显抑制ADP诱导的大鼠血小板聚集的作用,体外试验显示肉桂水煎剂及溶甲醇部分有较强的抗凝作用。
川牛膝:性甘、微苦,平。归肝、肾经。具有逐瘀通经,通利关节,利尿通淋之功效。
具体实施方式
本发明为解决现有技术中西药治疗下肢深静脉血栓毒副作用大,无法从根本上控制病情的进展,易造成副作用和并发症的技术问题,提供了一种治疗下肢深静脉血栓的中药制剂,可从根本上控制病情的进展,无副作用,下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步的公开。
实施例1
一种治疗下肢深静脉血栓的中药制剂,所述中药制剂由下述重量份数的原料组成:川牛膝12份、当归12份、川芎12份、苦参7份、枳实12份、紫草15份、生地15份、丹皮12份、萆薢12份、砂仁7份、赤芍12份、肉桂7份、莪术12份、白花蛇舌草15份、毛冬青13份。
实施例2
一种治疗下肢深静脉血栓的中药制剂,所述中药制剂由下述重量份数的原料组成:川牛膝13份、当归13份、川芎13份、苦参8份、枳实13份、紫草15份、生地15份、丹皮13份、萆薢13份、砂仁8份、赤芍13份、肉桂8份、莪术13份、白花蛇舌草15份、毛冬青14份。
实施例3
一种治疗下肢深静脉血栓的中药制剂,所述中药制剂由下述重量份数的原料组成:川牛膝10份、当归10份、川芎10份、苦参5份、枳实10份、紫草10份、生地10份、丹皮10份、萆薢10份、砂仁5份、赤芍10份、肉桂5份、莪术10份、白花蛇舌草10份、毛冬青17份。
实施例4
一种治疗下肢深静脉血栓的中药制剂,所述中药制剂由下述重量份数的原料组成:川牛膝11份、当归10.5份、川芎14.5份、苦参6份、枳实11份、紫草12份、生地11份、丹皮13.5份、萆薢12.5份、砂仁9份、赤芍14份、肉桂7.5份、莪术10.5份、白花蛇舌草18份、毛冬青16份。
实施例5
一种治疗下肢深静脉血栓的中药制剂,所述中药制剂由下述重量份数的原料组成:川牛膝10.5份、当归12.5份、川芎13.5份、苦参8.5份、枳实10.5份、紫草13份、生地12份、丹皮12.5份、萆薢11份、砂仁7.5份、赤芍13.5份、肉桂6.5份、莪术11份、白花蛇舌草13份、毛冬青18份。
实施例6
一种治疗下肢深静脉血栓的中药制剂,所述中药制剂由下述重量份数的原料组成:川牛膝12.5份、当归11份、川芎11.5份、苦参9.5份、枳实12.5份、紫草11份、生地13份、丹皮11份、萆薢11.5份、砂仁6.5份、赤芍11.5份、肉桂9份、莪术12.5份、白花蛇舌草17份、毛冬青20份。
实施例7
一种治疗下肢深静脉血栓的中药制剂,所述中药制剂由下述重量份数的原料组成:川牛膝14.5份、当归14.5份、川芎11份、苦参5.5份、枳实14.5份、紫草16份、生地17份、丹皮14.5份、萆薢13.5份、砂仁5.5份、赤芍12.5份、肉桂5.5份、莪术14.5份、白花蛇舌草19份、毛冬青23份。
实施例8
一种治疗下肢深静脉血栓的中药制剂,所述中药制剂由下述重量份数的原料组成:川牛膝13.5份、当归11.5份、川芎14份、苦参7.5份、枳实13.5份、紫草17份、生地18份、丹皮11.5份、萆薢14份、砂仁8.5份、赤芍14.5份、肉桂9.5份、莪术14份、白花蛇舌草16份、毛冬青25份。
实施例9
一种治疗下肢深静脉血栓的中药制剂,所述中药制剂由下述重量份数的原料组成:川牛膝11.5份、当归14份、川芎12.5份、苦参6.5份、枳实11.5份、紫草18份、生地19份、丹皮14份、萆薢14.5份、砂仁9.5份、赤芍10.5份、肉桂6份、莪术13.5份、白花蛇舌草11份、毛冬青28份。
实施例10
一种治疗下肢深静脉血栓的中药制剂,所述中药制剂由下述重量份数的原料组成:川牛膝14份、当归13.5份、川芎10.5份、苦参9份、枳实14份、紫草19份、生地16份、丹皮10.5份、萆薢10.5份、砂仁6份、赤芍11份、肉桂8.5份、莪术11.5份、白花蛇舌草12份、毛冬青26份。
实施例11
一种治疗下肢深静脉血栓的中药制剂,所述中药制剂由下述重量份数的原料组成:川牛膝15份、当归15份、川芎15份、苦参10份、枳实15份、紫草20份、生地20份、丹皮15份、萆薢15份、砂仁10份、赤芍15份、肉桂10份、莪术15份、白花蛇舌草20份、毛冬青27份。
对本中药制剂中各成分及用量的重要性作如下论述:
具体技术方案:分别称取当归15份、生地15份、赤芍15份、丹皮15份、苦参10份、萆薢10份、紫草10份、莪术15份、枳实10份、川芎10份、砂仁5份、肉桂5份、毛冬青15份、白花蛇舌草15份、川牛膝10份,将所取药物加水煎煮两次,第一次加7倍水煎煮1小时,然后将煎液倒出,再向其中加入7倍量的水再次进行煎煮,第二次煎煮0.5小时,将煎液倒出,而后将上述煎液合并后滤过,滤液浓缩至相对密度为1.25-1.30(60℃热测)的清膏。按清膏:糖粉:糊精的质量比为1:3:1向清膏中加入糖粉和糊精量,将糖粉、糊精与清膏混合均匀后,过14目筛网制粒,60-65℃烘干,10目筛网整粒,最后装复合膜袋即得本制剂。
缺少部分成分的对比方案:
将上述方案应用后,结果显示:
具体技术方案效果非常好,对比方案1为最小剂量组,治疗效果欠佳,对比方案2为最大剂量组,效果无统计学差异,造成浪费;对比方案3为中间剂量组,效果欠佳;对比方案4砂仁、肉桂组最大剂量,效果与具体技术方案无差距;对比方案5毛冬青、白花蛇舌草稍大量,效果与具体技术方案无差距;对比方案6无砂仁、肉桂组,胃肠道反应出现;对比方案7无莪术组,与加有莪术相比,加有莪术破血逐瘀能够增强疗效;对比方案8无毛冬青、白花蛇舌草组,与加有该两味药的相比,加有这两味药后可增强疗效;对比方案9无君药组,效果差;对比方案10无臣药组,效果差。
对本中药制剂进行药理性试验、毒理性试验和临床试验,结果如下:
一、药理性试验:
1、本中药制剂对大鼠动、静脉旁路血栓形成的影响:
本组实验选择了由河北省试验动物中心提供的体重为250~280g的雄性大鼠为研究对象,随机分为空白对照组、本中药制剂小剂量组(8g生药/kg)、本中药制剂中剂量组(16g生药/kg)、本中药制剂大剂量组(32g生药/kg)及乙酰水杨酸组(5mg/kg)共5组,其中“g生药/kg”是指每公斤体重用多少克生药,生药指的是掺入大鼠所食饲料中的中药。5组以同样方法饲养、以同样方法给于公斤体重同样容量的清水或药水,连续一周后以同样的方法建立动-静脉通道,建立血栓形成的模型,最后观察形成血栓的重量。结果显示本中药制剂具有明显的抑制血栓形成的作用,与乙酰水杨酸组无明显差异(结果见下表)。
表1本中药制剂对大鼠动--静脉旁路血栓形成的影响
与空白对照组比较:*p<0.05**p<0.01,p<0.05表示有统计学意义,用*在上述数据中作标注;p<0.01表示统计学差距更有意义,用**在数据中作标注。
2、本中药制剂对大鼠体内血栓形成时间的影响:
本组实验选择了由河北省试验动物中心提供的体重为180~200g的雄性大鼠为研究对象,随机分为空白对照组、本中药制剂小剂量组(8g生药/kg)、本中药制剂中剂量组(16g生药/kg)、本中药制剂大剂量组(32g生药/kg)及乙酰水杨酸组(5mg/kg)共5组。5组以同样方法饲养、以同样的方法给于公斤体重同样容量的清水或药水,连续一周后以同样的方法建立损伤血管内膜促进血栓形成的模型,最后观察血栓形成阻塞血流的时间,结果显示本中药制剂具有明显延缓血栓形成的作用(结果见下表)。
表2本中药制剂对大鼠血栓形成时间的影响
与空白对照组比较:*p<0.05**p<0.01,p<0.05表示有统计学意义,用*在上述数据中作标注;p<0.01表示统计学差距更有意义,用**在数据中作标注。
3、本中药制剂对小鼠因二甲苯致耳肿胀的影响:
本组实验选择了由河北省试验动物中心提供的体重为18~22g的雄性小鼠为研究对象,随机分为空白对照组、本中药制剂小剂量组(10g生药/kg)、本中药制剂中剂量组(20g生药/kg)、本中药制剂大剂量组(40g生药/kg)及醋酸泼尼松组(16mg/kg)共5组。5组以同样方法饲养、以同样的方法给于公斤体重同样容量的清水或药水,连续一周后以同样的方法在小鼠耳部两面涂以二甲苯致耳肿胀,最后观察该位置同样面积的耳片的重量,结果显示本中药制剂具有明显差异,说明具有抑制炎症反应的作用(结果见下表)。
表3本中药制剂对二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀的影响
与空白对照组比较:*p<0.05**p<0.01,p<0.05表示有统计学意义,用*在上述数据中作标注;p<0.01表示统计学差距更有意义,用**在数据中作标注。
4、本中药制剂对小鼠因角叉菜胶致足跖肿胀的影响:
本组实验选择了由河北省试验动物中心提供的体重为180-200g的雄性大鼠为研究对象,随机分为空白对照组、本中药制剂小剂量组(8g生药/kg)、本中药制剂中剂量组(16g生药/kg)、本中药制剂大剂量组(32g生药/kg)及醋酸泼尼松组(12mg/kg)共5组。5组以同样方法饲养、以同样的方法给于公斤体重同样容量的清水或药水,连续一周后以同样的方法在右后肢踝部皮下注射1%叉菜胶致炎性肿胀,最后观察致炎前后容积差异,结果显示本中药制剂具有明显抑制炎症肿胀的作用(结果见下表)。
表4本中药制剂对1%叉菜胶致大鼠足跖肿胀的影响
与空白对照组比较:*p<0.05**p<0.01,p<0.05表示有统计学意义,用*在上述数据中作标注;p<0.01表示统计学差距更有意义,用**在数据中作标注。
二、毒理学试验:
本组实验因无法测出LD50,故进行了小鼠灌胃给药的最大给药量的测定。选择了由河北省试验动物中心提供的体重为18~20g的小鼠(雌雄各半)为研究对象,随机分为对照组、给药组,给予同样饲养条件及环境,给药组按432g生药/kg计算给予灌胃,相当于成人临床用药的189.5倍(临床成人70kg,用量160g生药/日)。对照组给予等容量的蒸馏水,连续一周后观察小鼠一般状态,毛色、体重、饮食、活动等指标变化(各组体重及进食量的变化结果见下表)。结果各组小鼠在一周内一般状态良好,毛色光滑,体重增长,饮食、活动未见异常,无一死亡,未见明显毒性反应。
表5各组小鼠体重变化(n=10)
天数 | 对照组(♂) | 对照组(♀) | 给药组(♂) | 给药组(♀) |
0 | 19.94±0.94 | 20.05±0.91 | 19.99±1.28 | 20.17±0.97 |
7 | 25.36±1.43 | 24.66±1.84 | 25.25±2.04 | 25.53±1.26 |
注:n=10表示小鼠的只数
表6各组小鼠进食量变化(g/只,n=10)
天数 | 对照组(♂) | 对照组(♀) | 给药组(♂) | 给药组(♀) |
0 | 7.2 | 4.3 | 6.5 | 4.0 |
7 | 9.5 | 7.2 | 8.7 | 6.9 |
注:n=10表示小鼠的只数
结论:下肢深静脉血栓已成为临床常见病、多发病,在得病开始可具有明显疼痛,尤其当足跟着地时更加明显,但随着病程延长,疼痛会逐渐减轻乃至消失,在临床主要表现为下肢肿胀。本中药制剂正好符合了这样的病理,其中川牛膝、当归、川芎、生地、赤勺、丹皮等活血化淤、改善微循环;苦参、萆解、紫草、黄芩等清热、利湿消肿,并以牛膝引血下行直达病所。正是基于这样的组方原则,在长达20余年的临床实践中,临床疗效显著、未见明显的不良反应,为便于临床推广应用,经过动物实验肯定了本中药制剂的抑制、延缓血栓形成的作用,同时具有明显抑制异物致炎、致肿的作用,并未发现毒性反应。
三、临床试验
随机选择病程大于1个月的闭塞型陈旧性下肢深静脉血栓患者150人,并以3和3的倍数做为对照组。治疗组100例其中男性47例,女性53例;年龄最大82岁,最小23岁,平均48.5岁;病史最短1个月,最长23年,平均95.3±32.7天;腘静脉型28例,髂-股-腘静脉型32例,髂-股静脉型33例,下腔静脉血栓7例(含放置过滤器2例);单纯左下肢81例,单纯右下肢12例,双下肢7例。对照组50例其中男性22例,女性28例,年龄最大79岁,最小25岁,平均45.8岁;病史最短1个月,最长6个月,平均87.2±27.3天;腘静脉型11例,髂-股-腘静脉型16例,髂-股静脉型22例,下腔静脉1例,单纯左下肢41例,单纯右下肢8例,双下肢1例。
2.试验方法
本研究采用随机对照方法进行观察。具体的随机化分组方法是由临床研究人员按照随机表编制随机分配卡,临床研究人员按合格受试者进行研究的先后顺序,按随机卡规定的分组执行。两组平行对照进行观察。
3.治疗方法
治疗组:所有患者均口服本中药制剂,配合静脉点滴小剂量溶栓、抗凝、降纤药物,如:尿激酶、肝素等,并注意检测凝血试验、血常规,4周为1疗程,如果血纤维蛋白原较高可配合降纤治疗。
对照组:单纯应用静脉点滴小剂量溶栓、抗凝药物等,所用药物原则及剂量和监测指标同治疗组。
4.疗效标准为:
临床治愈:临床症状消失,下肢同高腿围差值<0.5cm;多普勒超声检查结果示:静脉血栓像消失,血流畅通,无附壁血栓征像。
显效:临床症状消失,下肢同高腿围差值<0.5cm。多普勒超声检查结果示:主干静脉部分再通,但有附壁血栓征像,血流畅通,但较健侧血流细或管壁不规则。
无效:临床症状消失或减轻,下肢同高腿围差值>0.5cm。多普勒超声检查结果示:主干静脉充满血栓,或仅可见到点、线状血流或看不到血流。
5.统计结果:
5.1疗效指标观察治疗组100例患者中96例临床症状消失,下肢同高腿围差值<0.5cm,4例(下腔静脉血栓2例)临床症状减轻,但未完全消失,多普勒超声检查结果62例完全再通占62%,34例部分再通占34%,只有4例无效占4%,总愈显率96%。对照组50例完全再通6例占12%,部分再通13例占26%,31例无效占64%,总愈显率38%。
疗效判定:
组别 | 例数 | 痊愈 | 显效 | 无效 | 总显愈效 |
率% | |||||
本发明 | 100 | 62 | 34 | 4 | 96 |
对照组 | 50 | 6 | 13 | 31 | 38 |
表7:临床症状
表8:下肢同高腿围差值
注:p<0.01
表9多普勒超声检查结果:
注:p<0.01
完全再通:静脉血栓像消失,血流畅通,无附壁血栓征像;
部分再通:主干静脉部分再通,但有附壁血栓征像,血流畅通,血流大于管腔的30%;
微量再通:主干静脉腔内充满血栓,仅见到线状血流,血流小于管腔的30%;
不通:静脉官腔仅可见到星点状血流或跟比往年见不到血流。
由上表可见,本发明的总有效率明显优于选用单纯应用静脉点滴小剂量溶栓、抗凝药物给药的对照组的疗效,在整个治疗过程中血小板无明显变化,血凝全项结果在正常范围内,未发现出血事件及肺栓塞。在随后6个月-5年的时间内进行随访,使用本中药制剂的患者复发率5%,使用对照组的患者复发率30%。
经上述动物药效学实验及患者临床统计结果表明,本发明的中药制剂可用于气血瘀滞、水湿外溢、阻塞脉道所致的下肢肿胀、酸困、疼痛,舌质暗红,苔白腻,脉滑等症,尤其对下肢深静脉血栓形成、原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全所致的上述症侯者效果好。本发明中药制剂具有增强、促进血栓再管化引导溶栓、抗凝药物缓慢的溶解表面血栓为主并逐渐渗入血栓内部,既达到彻底溶栓的目的,又防止血栓脱落,本中药制剂还具有刺激产生和激活体液抗凝、纤溶系统的作用,同时协同促进外源性抗凝溶栓药物作用的发挥,可安全用于临床。与对照组比较,具有更好效果,治疗陈旧性深静脉血栓的总有效率为96%,明显高于对照组的38%的总有效率。通过临床及患者长期服用表明,可促使陈旧性深静脉血栓患者的血栓再通,可明显改善陈旧性深静脉血栓患者的临床症状、体征,且无明显毒副作用。
Claims (7)
1.一种治疗下肢深静脉血栓的中药制剂,其特征在于:所述中药制剂由下述重量份数的原料组成:川牛膝10-15份、当归10-15份、川芎10-15份、苦参5-10份、枳实10-15份、紫草10-20份、生地10-20份、丹皮10-15份、萆薢10-15份、砂仁5-10份、赤芍10-15份、肉桂5-10份、莪术10-15份、白花蛇舌草10-20份、毛冬青10-30份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种治疗下肢深静脉血栓的中药制剂,其特征在于:所述中药制剂由下述重量份数的原料组成:川牛膝11-14份、当归11-14份、川芎11-14份、苦参6-9份、枳实11-14份、紫草12-18份、生地12-18份、丹皮11-14份、萆薢11-14份、砂仁6-9份、赤芍11-14份、肉桂6-9份、莪术11-14份、白花蛇舌草12-18份、毛冬青12-18份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种治疗下肢深静脉血栓的中药制剂,其特征在于:所述中药制剂由下述重量份数的原料组成:川牛膝12-13份、当归12-13份、川芎12-13份、苦参7-8份、枳实12-13份、紫草14-16份、生地14-16份、丹皮12-13份、萆薢12-13份、砂仁7-8份、赤芍12-13份、肉桂7-8份、莪术12-13份、白花蛇舌草14-16份、毛冬青14-16份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种治疗下肢深静脉血栓的中药制剂,其特征在于:所述中药制剂由下述重量份数的原料组成:川牛膝12份、当归12份、川芎12份、苦参7份、枳实12份、紫草15份、生地15份、丹皮12份、萆薢12份、砂仁7份、赤芍12份、肉桂7份、莪术12份、白花蛇舌草15份、毛冬青13份。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种治疗下肢深静脉血栓的中药制剂,其特征在于:所述中药制剂由下述重量份数的原料组成:川牛膝13份、当归13份、川芎13份、苦参8份、枳实13份、紫草15份、生地15份、丹皮13份、萆薢13份、砂仁8份、赤芍13份、肉桂8份、莪术13份、白花蛇舌草15份、毛冬青15份。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种治疗下肢深静脉血栓的中药制剂,其特征在于:所述中药制剂由下述重量份数的原料组成:川牛膝10份、当归15份、生地15份、赤芍15份、丹皮15份、苦参10份、萆薢10份、紫草10份、莪术15份、枳实10份、川芎10份、砂仁5份、肉桂5份、白花蛇舌草15份、毛冬青15份。
7.一种如权利要求1所述治疗下肢深静脉血栓的中药制剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
A、煎煮:将当归、生地、赤芍、丹皮、苦参、萆薢、紫草、莪术、枳实、川芎、砂仁、肉桂、毛冬青、白花蛇舌草、川牛膝加水煎煮两次,第一次加7倍量的水煎煮1h,将煎液倒出,然后再加入7倍量的水煎煮0.5h,将煎液倒出;
B、浓缩:将步骤A两次煎煮得到的煎液合并、过滤,滤液浓缩至相对密度为1.25-1.3的清膏;
C、混合:将步骤B所得的清膏,按质量比1:3:1的比例加入糖粉和糊精;
D、制粒、分装:将步骤C中的糖粉、糊精与清膏混合均匀,然后通过14目网筛制粒,60-65℃烘干,然后再用10目筛整粒,然后装入复合膜袋保存即可。
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