CN105359820A - Easy-harvesting white asparagus plantation method and specific light-diffusing thermal-insulting thermal-radiation regulating and control film for same - Google Patents
Easy-harvesting white asparagus plantation method and specific light-diffusing thermal-insulting thermal-radiation regulating and control film for same Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/10—Asparagus
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/14—Greenhouses
- A01G9/1438—Covering materials therefor; Materials for protective coverings used for soil and plants, e.g. films, canopies, tunnels or cloches
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Abstract
The invention provides an easy-harvesting white asparagus plantation method and a specific light-diffusing thermal-insulting thermal-radiation regulating and control film for the same. The plantation method comprises a harvesting step. Harvesting time is unconstrained; when tender stems of the white asparagus over the ground grows to 22cm to 25cm, the white asparagus can be harvested; young asparagus under three years are harvested for 60d to 70d each season; mature asparagus over three years are harvested for 90d to 100d; during the harvesting, a user enters from one end of a greenhouse to the greenhouse and then immediately buckles a rolling groove; the tender stem are cut off with an asparagus harvesting cutter tightly applied to the ground; and the outlet is immediately sealed when the white asparagus harvest is finished and the user gets out of the greenhouse. The user does not have to push soil aside to harvest asparagus and soil cave backfilling can be avoided; the asparagus harvesting process is simple; convenient operation can be achieved; and asparagus harvesting labor use amount can be reduced by 65% to 75% by the use of the method.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the simple and easy lucifuge cultivation method of a kind of asparagus, specifically, relate to a kind of be easy to gather white asparagus implantation methods and special astigmatism insulation thermal radiation regulation and control film, belong to agricultural technology field.
Background technology
Planting asparagus, by taking different planting types and selecting different kinds, can obtain the product that white bamboo shoot, green bamboo shoot, purple bamboo shoot etc. are dissimilar.When asparagus spear is sprouted through ridging softening and gather be called white asparagus.
Easily adopting bamboo shoot difficulty in plantation white asparagus process, hinder the root underproduction greatly, the amount of labour is large and land utilization rate is low becomes main restricting factor, is a great problem of long-standing problem bamboo shoot agriculture.
Traditional cultivation method makes tender stem soften, lose light by ridging, takes out and send out in loose, wetland.When general 10cm ground temperature reaches 10 DEG C, tender stem has started to sprout, starts banking up apart from adopting bamboo shoot 10 ~ 15d, the specification of earthing up in production is generally high 30cm, ridge bottom width 80cm, ridge face width 45cm, soil block will be smashed during ridging and clap carefully, reality will be trained in ridge, in case tender stem is taken out when sending out encounter lump flexural deformation.Due to the reason such as adopt bamboo shoot, rain drop erosion, water, between picking time, asparagus ridge can sink gradually, also wants timely earthing by ridge training to calibrated altitude, namely to have appeared variable color, affect yield and quality in order to avoid tender stem does not reach full-length.Ridging easily cuts off tuber root, and the nutrition of asparagus accumulation is all stored in tuber root, and hindering root causes asparagus nutrient supply to reduce, simultaneously also makes nutrient storage storehouse reduce, and remarkable reduction asparagus then and the output of later 2 years.
Patent CN201310708391.8 discloses a kind of white asparagus and exempts from cultivation method of earthing up, and the method adopts high density sunshade net built to cover and produces white asparagus, adopts bamboo shoot and on sunshade net, repaves lid layer straw reinforcement shading season; Although this method in order to avoid ridging, can have following deficiency: (1) two-layer covering is compared and taken a lot of work, and is awkward; (2) temperature is uncontrollable, and high temperature season also can increase temperature; (3) effect of complete shading is not reached, the inferior quality of white asparagus; (4) need open covering and adopt bamboo shoot, it is loaded down with trivial details to adopt bamboo shoot process, and easy printing opacity, cause asparagus to turn green.
There is following defect in the white asparagus cultivation method of prior art: needs to take off soil when (1) adopts bamboo shoot and get bamboo shoot, and adopt bamboo shoot difficulty greatly, the amount of labour used is large; (2) can only before sunrise and light is more weak at dusk time adopt bamboo shoot, it is short to adopt the bamboo shoot time; (3) rely on ridging could plant out white asparagus, effort of taking a lot of work, and easily damage shredded bamboo shoot.
Summary of the invention
The problem to be solved in the present invention is for above deficiency, provide a kind of be easy to gather white asparagus implantation methods and special astigmatism insulation thermal radiation regulation and control film, realize following goal of the invention:
1, the problem that soil adopts bamboo shoot is taken off in solution, simplifies and adopts bamboo shoot process, makes to adopt the bamboo shoot amount of labour used and reduces 65% ~ 75%;
2, the bamboo shoot time is adopted in prolongation;
3, solve and rely on ridging could plant out the problem of white asparagus, avoiding earths up cause hinder root and take off that soil adopts that bamboo shoot cause hinder bamboo shoot.
for achieving the above object, by the following technical solutions:
Be easy to a white asparagus implantation methods of gathering, described implantation methods comprises step of gathering.
Below the further improvement to technique scheme:
Described step of gathering: when adopting bamboo shoot, more than white asparagus ground tender stem height is 22cm ~ 25cm.
Described step of gathering: the 60d ~ 70d that gathers young bamboo shoot one season in age of less than 3 years.
Described step of gathering: the 90d ~ 100d that gathers in one-tenth bamboo shoot in age one season of more than 3 years.
Described step of gathering: when adopting bamboo shoot, enters in canopy, buckles indent in time, pasting ground and cuts off tender stem, having adopted white asparagus when going out canopy, having sealed outlet in time with adopting bamboo shoot cutter.
Described implantation methods also comprises overlay film step: in big arch shed, and temperature maintains 25 DEG C ~ 30 DEG C, and under earth's surface, 10cm place ground temperature maintains 18 DEG C ~ 28 DEG C.
Described overlay film step: daily temperature is at 15 DEG C ~ 25 DEG C, and the light absorption radiating layer of astigmatism insulation thermal radiation regulation and control film covers outwardly; Daily temperature is at 27 DEG C ~ 35 DEG C, and the light scattering layer of astigmatism insulation thermal radiation regulation and control film covers outwardly.
Described implantation methods also comprises adopts field management after bamboo shoot, clear garden step;
Described adopt bamboo shoot after field management comprise: mu executes decomposed manure 4000kg ~ 5000kg, composite fertilizer 50kg, urea 20kg and potassium sulfate 10kg;
Described clear garden comprises: sprinkling tpn 600 times of liquid or 50% carbendazim, 500 times of liquid carry out soil disinfection;
Described clear garden also comprises: mu executes decomposed manure 4000 ~ 5000kg and composite fertilizer 50kg.
A kind of special astigmatism insulation thermal radiation regulation and control film, described regulation and control film comprises light scattering layer and light absorption radiating layer;
Described light scattering layer, with parts by weight, comprises following component:
Rutile type titanium white 427 parts
20 parts, PE wax
Oleamide 23 parts
LDPE530 part;
Described light absorption radiating layer, with parts by weight, comprises following component:
LDPE45 part
LLDPE30 part
Carbon black 2 parts
Carborundum powder 18 parts
Coupling agent 2 parts
Dispersant 1 part
2 parts, plasticizer
Cured 2 parts of PE.
compared with prior art, technical solution of the present invention has following beneficial effect:
1, adopt the inventive method cultivation white asparagus, adopt bamboo shoot process simply, easy to operate, adopt the bamboo shoot amount of labour used and decrease 65% ~ 75%;
2, adopt the inventive method cultivation white asparagus, adopting the bamboo shoot time does not limit by daylight, realizes whole day and adopts bamboo shoot;
3, the inventive method cultivation white asparagus is adopted, thoroughly solve and rely on ridging to produce the cultivation method of white asparagus, overturned the cropping pattern of white asparagus, achieve the light simplified cultivation of white asparagus and simple and easyly to gather, save manpower, avoid ridging to hinder root and take off soil simultaneously and hinder bamboo shoot.
Embodiment
embodiment 1 one kinds is easy to the white asparagus implantation methods of gathering
Described cultivation method comprises nursery, appropriate dense planting, Qing Yuan, covering astigmatism insulation thermal radiation regulation and control film successively, gathers and adopt field management step after bamboo shoot.
step one, nursery
Select the suitable kind as white asparagus plantation such as " large rich ", " Grant ", " Atlas ", early January adopts plastic tunnel feeding block seedlings raising, mid or late April, seedling age is when 80d ~ 90d, choose height of seedling 30 ~ 35cm, have the seedling of more than 3 terrestrial stem and more than 7 underground storage roots to carry out field field planting.
step 2, appropriate dense planting
Before field planting 1 week, dig field planting ditch by landform tendency, field planting ditch width 1m, degree of depth 0.5m, the sideline spacing of adjacent two ditches was 1m, when digging field planting ditch, by the mellow soil layer of below ground 0 ~ 25cm and the raw soil layer of below 25cm separated;
At the bottom of the Soil and Fertilizer mixing back-filling trench of mellow soil layer, then raw soil layer soil is backfilled to field planting ditch top, pours water heavy real;
Described fertilizer is: the mixed fertilizer of decomposed manure and Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium;
The consumption of described fertilizer is: the fertilizer that the mellow soil layer soil that every mu of ground digs out is mixed into comprises decomposed manure 4000 ~ 5000kg and Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 50kg; Described Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content are 20%, 10%, 20%, and above-mentioned percentage is mass percent.
Adopt cave mode of planting to plant white asparagus, two row asparagus of planting in field planting ditch, often row asparagus is 0.25cm apart from field planting ditch back gauge, and in field planting ditch, asparagus line-spacing is 50cm, and in bamboo shoot field, the average row distance of asparagus is 1m; Planting asparagus spacing in the rows is 25 ~ 28cm, and planting density is 2380 ~ 2660 plants/acre;
During field planting, the terrestrial stem direction of growth that asparagus seedling is extracted out is at first consistent with the direction of field planting row, plant after earthing 5 ~ 6cm, and by reality, water.
In 6 months, the last ten-days period, bamboo shoot row is trained into the ridge shape that 15cm ~ 20cm is high, so as draining, ventilation.Field planting is normal growth then, does not adopt bamboo shoot.
step 3, Qing Yuan
After after field planting, Second Year thaws early spring, thoroughly clear garden, removes the broken branches and fallen leaves on bamboo shoot field, sprays tpn 600 times of liquid or 50% carbendazim, 500 times of liquid carry out soil disinfection;
After soil disinfection, in bamboo shoot row both sides apart from bamboo shoot strain 25 ~ 30cm place, open the dressing furrow that 5cm is dark, evenly apply fertilizer, mu executes decomposed manure 4000 ~ 5000kg, and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content are the Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 50kg of 20%, 10%, 20%, and above-mentioned percentage is mass percent;
Carry out intertillage in conjunction with fertilising to loosen the soil, moisture creating of watering in time.
step 4, covering astigmatism insulation thermal radiation regulation and control film
(1) big arch shed is built
Build big arch shed with stainless steel tube in bamboo shoot Tanaka, specification is big arch shed both sides height is 1m, middle high 2m, the wide 3.5m of big arch shed;
Can plant 4 row asparagus in big arch shed, the spacing of limit row asparagus and canopy outer is 0.5m.
Behind clear garden, start to cover astigmatism insulation thermal radiation regulation and control film mid-March.
Canopy covers astigmatism insulation thermal radiation regulation and control film, surrounding ground utilizes indent fixed by film tight, avoid printing opacity.
(2) temperature adjusting
In big arch shed, temperature maintains 25 DEG C ~ 30 DEG C, and relative air humidity maintains 80% ~ 85%, 10cm ground temperature and maintains 18 DEG C ~ 28 DEG C, the temperature condition needed for suitable white asparagus growth; Described 10cm ground temperature: the soil environment temperature at the place of 10cm below earth's surface.
Low temperature season, the light absorption radiating layer of astigmatism insulation thermal radiation regulation and control film covers outwardly, and broad absorption sunlight changes heat energy into, increases temperature in big arch shed; Described low temperature season: 3 ~ May of early spring, daily temperature is at 15 ~ 25 DEG C.
High temperature season, the light scattering layer of astigmatism insulation thermal radiation regulation and control film covers outwardly, can astigmatism heat insulation, reduce temperature in big arch shed, sunlight hiding rare is 99.5%, is applicable to the dark surrounds needed for white asparagus cultivation; Described high temperature season: late May, daily temperature was at 27 ~ 35 DEG C to early July.
step 5, to gather
Adopting bamboo shoot method is, one from big arch shed enters in canopy, buckles indent in time, prevents from entering light in canopy, satisfactory tender stem is cut off with adopting bamboo shoot cutter subsides ground, put into and adopt bamboo shoot case, prevent dehydration aging, rotten, tangent plane will be put down, avoid losing plateau, adopt white asparagus when going out canopy, sealed outlet in time, avoid irradiation in canopy.
More than white asparagus ground tender Stem nematode is to 23cm, reaches commodity requirement standard, can gather.
60d ~ the 70d that gathers young bamboo shoot one season in age of less than 3 years, the 90d ~ 100d that gathers in one-tenth bamboo shoot in age one season of more than 3 years.
step 6, adopt field management after bamboo shoot
Adopt after bamboo shoot terminate, remove astigmatism insulation thermal radiation regulation and control film in time, asparagus row is trained into the high rib of 15cm ~ 20cm, be beneficial to draining, irrigation and ventilation, alleviate germ reproduction.
After removing film, mu executes decomposed manure 4000kg ~ 5000kg, and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content are the Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 50kg of 20%, 10%, 20%, urea 20kg, potassium sulfate 10kg; Maintaining bamboo shoot field 0 ~ 30cm soil layer relative water content is about 60%, sends out soon with short stem branch, strengthens the photosynthesis assimilation ability of cauline leaf, extends cauline leaf vegetative period, increases the storage capacity of assimilation substance in root, for high yield of lower season lays the foundation.
The white asparagus vegetative growth phase of stem wilt pathogen infection activation phase just, with 50% red bacterium gram 500 times of liquid+50% iprodione wetting powder 800 times of liquid or 70% thiophanate methyl wetting powder, 500 times of liquid+50% Wakil Fluoxastrobins, 1000 times of liquid, every 7 ~ 10d sprays once, continuous spraying medicine 4 ~ 5 times, effectively can reduce disease index.
embodiment 2 one kinds adopts shed to plant the method for high-quality white asparagus
Adopt the step of embodiment 1, only change step 5: gather, carry out the operation of embodiment 2; The step changed is as follows:
Step 5, to gather
Adopting bamboo shoot method is, one from big arch shed enters in canopy, buckles indent in time, prevents from entering light in canopy, satisfactory tender stem is cut off with adopting bamboo shoot cutter subsides ground, put into and adopt bamboo shoot case, prevent dehydration aging, rotten, tangent plane will be put down, avoid losing plateau, adopt white asparagus when going out canopy, sealed outlet in time, avoid irradiation in canopy.
More than white asparagus ground tender Stem nematode is to 22cm, reaches commodity requirement standard, can gather.
The 60d that gathers young bamboo shoot one season in age of less than 3 years, the 90d that gathers in one-tenth bamboo shoot in age one season of more than 3 years.
embodiment 3 one kinds adopts shed to plant the method for high-quality white asparagus
Adopt the step of embodiment 1, only change step 5: gather, carry out the operation of embodiment 3; The step changed is as follows:
Step 5, to gather
Adopting bamboo shoot method is, one from big arch shed enters in canopy, buckles indent in time, prevents from entering light in canopy, satisfactory tender stem is cut off with adopting bamboo shoot cutter subsides ground, put into and adopt bamboo shoot case, prevent dehydration aging, rotten, tangent plane will be put down, avoid losing plateau, adopt white asparagus when going out canopy, sealed outlet in time, avoid irradiation in canopy.
More than white asparagus ground tender Stem nematode is to 25cm, reaches commodity requirement standard, can gather.
The 70d that gathers young bamboo shoot one season in age of less than 3 years, the 100d that gathers in one-tenth bamboo shoot in age one season of more than 3 years.
Result detects:
Through test, adopt the white asparagus quality better of the present invention's plantation, concrete Testing index is in table 1;
Table 1 white asparagus index of quality testing result
Through test, adopt the inventive method, enormously simplify and adopt bamboo shoot process, easy to operate, adopt the bamboo shoot amount of labour used and reduce 65% ~ 75%; One-level bamboo shoot rate is 93% ~ 95%, and adopt the present invention, collecting time is unrestricted, whole day can adopt bamboo shoot; Enormously simplify and adopt bamboo shoot process, shredded bamboo shoot is clean, hurtless measure; The white asparagus of plantation: soluble sugar content is 3.5% ~ 3.9%, and soluble protein content is 2.2 ~ 2.5gkg
-1, crude fiber content is 1.2% ~ 1.3%, and Vitamin C content is 375 ~ 400mgkg
-1, rutin content is 800 ~ 850mgkg
-1, above-mentioned percentage is mass percent; White asparagus output is 1800-2000kg/ mu.
Through test, adopt the present invention to plant white asparagus, output adds 40% ~ 50%, and economic benefit increases by 60% ~ 80%.Through test, the present invention greatly reduces the amount of labour, avoids because the underproduction that root causes is hindered in ridging.
The present invention utilize the radiation of astigmatism insulation thermal regulate and control film realize white asparagus produce needed for dark surrounds, eliminate artificial banking up process, simplify cultivation; Reduce production cost; Avoid cause in banking up process hinder the root underproduction; Avoid the mechanical damage of white asparagus in rib process of growth.
embodiment 4 one kinds special astigmatism insulation thermal radiation regulation and control film
The astigmatism insulation thermal radiation regulation and control film adopted in embodiment 1 step 4 comprises light scattering layer and light absorption radiating layer;
1, light scattering layer formula of master batch
Described light scattering layer master batch is rutile type titanium white, LDPE(low density polyethylene (LDPE)) master batch; The concrete proportion by weight of light scattering layer master batch raw material is as follows:
formula one:
The concrete proportion by weight of master batch raw material is as follows:
Rutile type titanium white 426 parts
30 parts, stearic acid YA-II-200 type
Cured 27 parts of PE
LDPE420 part
LLDPE97 part
formula two:
Rutile type titanium white 426 parts
Phthalocyanine blue 0.6 part
30 parts, stearic acid YA-II-200 type
26.4 parts, PE wax
LDPE340.8 part
LLDPE150 part
formula three:the concrete proportion by weight of master batch raw material is as follows:
Rutile type titanium white 427 parts
20 parts, PE wax
Oleamide 23 parts
LDPE530 part
Rutile type titanium white in above-mentioned light scattering layer formula of master batch: density 4.26g/cm
3, refractive index 2.73, TiO
2content is 98%, and average grain diameter is less than 0.6 μm.
2, light absorption radiating layer formula of master batch
Described light absorption radiating layer master batch is carbon black, silicon carbide micro-powder, LDPE(low density polyethylene (LDPE)) master batch; The concrete proportion by weight of light absorption radiating layer master batch raw material is as follows:
formula one:
LDPE45 part
LLDPE30 part
Carbon black 2 parts
Carborundum powder 18 parts
Coupling agent 2 parts
Dispersant 1 part
2 parts, plasticizer
Cured 2 parts of PE
formula two:
LDPE75 part
LLDPE25 part
Cured 2.2 parts of PE
Carbon black 2 parts
Carborundum powder 18 parts
Coupling agent 3 parts
Dispersant 3 parts
2 parts, plasticizer
formula three:
LDPE75 part
LLDPE30 part
Carbon black 2 parts
Carborundum powder 15 parts
Coupling agent 2 parts
Dispersant 1.8 parts
2 parts, plasticizer
Cured 5 parts of PE
Described coupling agent is: titanate esters NDZ-105;
Described dispersant is: DCA-810;
Described carbon black is: black masterbatch UN2014;
Described plasticizer is: dibutyl phthalate (DBP).
Astigmatism insulation thermal radiation regulation and control film thickness of the present invention is 125 μm.
Last it is noted that the foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, although with reference to previous embodiment to invention has been detailed description, for a person skilled in the art, it still can be modified to the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments, or carries out equivalent replacement to wherein portion of techniques feature.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. be easy to a white asparagus implantation methods of gathering, it is characterized in that: described implantation methods comprises step of gathering.
2. a kind of white asparagus implantation methods being easy to gather according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described step of gathering: when adopting bamboo shoot, more than white asparagus ground tender stem height is 22cm ~ 25cm.
3. a kind of white asparagus implantation methods being easy to gather according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described step of gathering: the 60d ~ 70d that gathers young bamboo shoot one season in age of less than 3 years.
4. a kind of white asparagus implantation methods being easy to gather according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described step of gathering: the 90d ~ 100d that gathers in one-tenth bamboo shoot in age one season of more than 3 years.
5. a kind of white asparagus implantation methods being easy to gather according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described step of gathering: when adopting bamboo shoot, enters in canopy, buckle indent in time, paste ground cut off tender stem with adopting bamboo shoot cutter, adopted white asparagus when going out canopy, sealed outlet in time.
6. a kind of white asparagus implantation methods being easy to gather according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described implantation methods also comprises overlay film step: in big arch shed, temperature maintains 25 DEG C ~ 30 DEG C, and under earth's surface, 10cm place ground temperature maintains 18 DEG C ~ 28 DEG C.
7. a kind of white asparagus implantation methods being easy to gather according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described overlay film step: daily temperature is at 15 ~ 25 DEG C, and the light absorption radiating layer of astigmatism insulation thermal radiation regulation and control film covers outwardly; Daily temperature is at 27 ~ 35 DEG C, and the light scattering layer of astigmatism insulation thermal radiation regulation and control film covers outwardly.
8. a kind of white asparagus implantation methods being easy to gather according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described implantation methods also comprises adopts field management step after bamboo shoot;
Described adopt bamboo shoot after field management comprise: mu executes decomposed manure 4000kg ~ 5000kg, composite fertilizer 50kg, urea 20kg and potassium sulfate 10kg.
9. a kind of white asparagus implantation methods being easy to gather according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described implantation methods also comprises garden step clearly;
Described clear garden step:
Sprinkling tpn 600 times of liquid or 50% carbendazim, 500 times of liquid carry out soil disinfection;
Mu executes decomposed manure 4000 ~ 5000kg and composite fertilizer 50kg.
10. a special astigmatism insulation thermal radiation regulation and control film, is characterized in that: described regulation and control film comprises light scattering layer and light absorption radiating layer;
Described light scattering layer, with parts by weight, comprises following component:
Rutile type titanium white 427 parts
20 parts, PE wax
Oleamide 23 parts
LDPE530 part;
Described light absorption radiating layer, with parts by weight, comprises following component:
LDPE45 part
LLDPE30 part
Carbon black 2 parts
Carborundum powder 18 parts
Coupling agent 2 parts
Dispersant 1 part
2 parts, plasticizer
Cured 2 parts of PE.
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Cited By (1)
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