CN105355355A - 一种功能材料及制备方法 - Google Patents

一种功能材料及制备方法 Download PDF

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CN105355355A
CN105355355A CN201510955456.8A CN201510955456A CN105355355A CN 105355355 A CN105355355 A CN 105355355A CN 201510955456 A CN201510955456 A CN 201510955456A CN 105355355 A CN105355355 A CN 105355355A
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赵浩峰
陶昭灵
王玲
张仕昭
王巧玲
刘妍慧
张泽中
李树岭
阿穷
王槐亮
何晨晨
许琪曼
牟雯婷
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YANCHENG HUADA LIGHTING ELECTRIC APPLIANCE Co.,Ltd.
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Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
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    • H01F1/01Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/032Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/04Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/06Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder
    • H01F1/08Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder pressed, sintered, or bound together
    • H01F1/086Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder pressed, sintered, or bound together sintered

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种功能材料及制备方法。其组分按照如下质量百分比进行配料:Nd?34-36%、Nb?0.01-0.15%、Gd?0.01-0.15%、Ti?0.01-0.15%、Ni?0.01-0.15%、Bi?1-4%、Dy?1-4%、Cr?0.01-0.15%、B?4-7%、余Fe。本发明的功能材料具有均匀的组织,健强的结构,既可提高材料的耐蚀能力,而且磁性能有所改善。本发明永磁材料具有良好的稳定性和实用性,可广泛应用于电子器件、航空航天技术、计算机设备、磁选机、通讯设备、医疗设备、电动自行车、电子玩具等各个领域。

Description

一种功能材料及制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于金属材料领域,具体涉及一种功能材料及制备方法。
背景技术
具有宽磁滞回线、高矫顽力、高剩磁,一经磁化即能保持恒定磁性的材料。又称硬磁材料。实用中,永磁材料工作于深度磁饱和及充磁后磁滞回线的第二象限退磁部分。常用的永磁材料分为铝镍钴系永磁合金、铁铬钴系永磁合金、永磁铁氧体、稀土永磁材料和复合永磁材料。
中国专利CN201410682666.X公开了一种稀土永磁材料及其制备方法,其中稀土永磁材料的主要组成为(以重量百分比计,wt%),PrNd28-35%;Dy或Tb中一种或两种合计0-5%;B1.0%;M0.01-10%,余量为Fe,其中M元素为钛、锡、锆、铜、钴、铌、铝、锰、镓、铬、镍、锌、镁中的一种或几种,并且当铜、钴、铌、铝存在时,Co0-3%;Al0.2-1.5%;Nb0-0.5%;Cu0-0.2%。但是该材料的剩余磁感应强度不够高。
磁感应强度(magneticfluxdensity),描述磁场强弱和方向的物理量,是矢量,常用符号B表示,国际通用单位为特斯拉(符号为T)。磁感应强度也被称为磁通量密度或磁通密度。在物理学中磁场的强弱使用磁感应强度来表示,磁感应强度越大表示磁感应越强;磁感应强度越小,表示磁感应越弱。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是针对上述技术缺陷,提供一种功能材料及制备方法,该材料具有高剩余磁感应强度。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种功能材料,其组分按照如下质量百分比进行配料:Nd34-36%、Nb0.01-0.15%、Gd0.01-0.15%、Ti0.01-0.15%、Ni0.01-0.15%、Bi1-4%、Dy1-4%、Cr0.01-0.15%、B4-7%、余Fe。
一种功能材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)按上述配方在真空感应炉中熔制出合金锭,电炉的真空度要求小于0.1Pa。然后将得到的合金锭放入真空感应成型炉内的重熔管式坩埚中进行重熔,重熔温度为1600-1670℃,重熔管式坩埚的底部置于真空感应快淬炉转轮轮缘之上2-4mm处,将上述合金锭置于管式坩埚内熔化,合金熔融后在氩气作用下从坩埚底部的孔中喷出与旋转的转轮边缘接触,形成厚度为770-780μm、宽度为13-15mm的合金条带,转轮轮缘的旋转线速度为20-24m/s。
2)将合金条带放入炉中,升温至590-610℃,保温5-8min。然后将冷却后的合金条带粗碎到3-6mm后,放入通过气流磨制备出平均粒度为2-3μm的粉末;然后将粉末放入压机模具中,在5-7T压力下压制成型,将压制坯置于1190-1250℃的烧结炉中烧结2-4小时即得到功能材料,烧结炉真空度要求小于0.1Pa。
本发明的有益效果:
合金元素加入具有高稳定性,具有高温抗氧化性。添加元素可大幅度改善合金的温度稳定性和扩大工作温度范围。稀土元素也具有高稳定性,具有高温抗氧化性。
与现有技术相比,本发明的永磁材料具有均匀的组织,健强的结构,既可提高材料的耐蚀能力,而且磁性能有所改善。本发明永磁材料具有良好的稳定性和实用性,可广泛应用于电子器件、航空航天技术、计算机设备、磁选机、通讯设备、医疗设备、电动自行车、电子玩具等各个领域。
本发明的永磁材料的制备方法充分利用了废料直接生产合金所用原材料,成分配比灵活,质量控制到位,并且可以降低成本,工艺简单、充分地利用含氧量高的粉末废料,环保、有效改善环境,具有很高的社会价值。本发明的材料性能见表。
附图说明
图1是本发明功能材料的组织图。
具体实施方式
结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1
一种多稀土相材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)按照如下质量百分比进行配料:Nd34%、Nb0.01%、Gd0.01%、Ti0.01%、Ni0.15%、Bi1%、Dy1%、Cr0.01%、B4%、余Fe;
2)将上述配好的原料加入真空感应炉中熔制出合金锭,电炉的真空度要求小于0.1Pa。然后将得到的合金锭放入真空感应成型炉内的重熔管式坩埚中进行重熔,重熔温度为1600-1670℃,重熔管式坩埚的底部置于真空感应快淬炉转轮轮缘之上2-4mm处,将上述合金锭置于管式坩埚内熔化,合金熔融后在氩气作用下从坩埚底部的孔中喷出与旋转的转轮边缘接触,形成厚度为770-780μm、宽度为13-15mm的合金条带,转轮轮缘的旋转线速度为20-24m/s。
3)将合金条带放入炉中,升温至590-610℃,保温5-8min。然后将冷却后的合金条带粗碎到3-6mm后,放入通过气流磨制备出平均粒度为2-3μm的粉末;然后将粉末放入压机模具中,在5-7T压力下压制成型,将压制坯置于1190-1250℃的烧结炉中烧结2-4小时即得到功能材料,烧结炉真空度要求小于0.1Pa。由图1可以看出,本发明材料组织致密均匀。
实施例2
一种多稀土相材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)按照如下质量百分比进行配料:Nd36%、Nb0.15%、Gd0.15%、Ti0.15%、Ni0.15%、Bi4%、Dy4%、Cr0.15%、B7%、余Fe;
2)将上述配好的原料加入真空感应炉中熔制出合金锭,电炉的真空度要求小于0.1Pa。然后将得到的合金锭放入真空感应成型炉内的重熔管式坩埚中进行重熔,重熔温度为1600-1670℃,重熔管式坩埚的底部置于真空感应快淬炉转轮轮缘之上2-4mm处,将上述合金锭置于管式坩埚内熔化,合金熔融后在氩气作用下从坩埚底部的孔中喷出与旋转的转轮边缘接触,形成厚度为770-780μm、宽度为13-15mm的合金条带,转轮轮缘的旋转线速度为20-24m/s。
3)将合金条带放入炉中,升温至590-610℃,保温5-8min。然后将冷却后的合金条带粗碎到3-6mm后,放入通过气流磨制备出平均粒度为2-3μm的粉末;然后将粉末放入压机模具中,在5-7T压力下压制成型,将压制坯置于1190-1250℃的烧结炉中烧结2-4小时即得到功能材料,烧结炉真空度要求小于0.1Pa。
实施例3
一种多稀土相材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)按照如下质量百分比进行配料:Nd35%、Nb0.02%、Gd0.03%、Ti0.075%、Ni0.09%、Bi3%、Dy3%、Cr0.08%、B6%、余Fe;
2)将上述配好的原料加入真空感应炉中熔制出合金锭,电炉的真空度要求小于0.1Pa。然后将得到的合金锭放入真空感应成型炉内的重熔管式坩埚中进行重熔,重熔温度为1600-1670℃,重熔管式坩埚的底部置于真空感应快淬炉转轮轮缘之上2-4mm处,将上述合金锭置于管式坩埚内熔化,合金熔融后在氩气作用下从坩埚底部的孔中喷出与旋转的转轮边缘接触,形成厚度为770-780μm、宽度为13-15mm的合金条带,转轮轮缘的旋转线速度为20-24m/s。
3)将合金条带放入炉中,升温至590-610℃,保温5-8min。然后将冷却后的合金条带粗碎到3-6mm后,放入通过气流磨制备出平均粒度为2-3μm的粉末;然后将粉末放入压机模具中,在5-7T压力下压制成型,将压制坯置于1190-1250℃的烧结炉中烧结2-4小时即得到功能材料,烧结炉真空度要求小于0.1Pa。
实施例4
一种多稀土相材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)按照如下质量百分比进行配料:Nd32%、Nb0.05%、Gd0.05%、Ti0.01-0.15%、Ni0.05%、Bi0.5%、Dy0.4%、Cr0.05%、B3%、余Fe;
2)将上述配好的原料加入真空感应炉中熔制出合金锭,电炉的真空度要求小于0.1Pa。然后将得到的合金锭放入真空感应成型炉内的重熔管式坩埚中进行重熔,重熔温度为1600-1670℃,重熔管式坩埚的底部置于真空感应快淬炉转轮轮缘之上2-4mm处,将上述合金锭置于管式坩埚内熔化,合金熔融后在氩气作用下从坩埚底部的孔中喷出与旋转的转轮边缘接触,形成厚度为770-780μm、宽度为13-15mm的合金条带,转轮轮缘的旋转线速度为20-24m/s。
3)将合金条带放入炉中,升温至590-610℃,保温5-8min。然后将冷却后的合金条带粗碎到3-6mm后,放入通过气流磨制备出平均粒度为2-3μm的粉末;然后将粉末放入压机模具中,在5-7T压力下压制成型,将压制坯置于1190-1250℃的烧结炉中烧结2-4小时即得到功能材料,烧结炉真空度要求小于0.1Pa。
实施例5
一种多稀土相材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)按照如下质量百分比进行配料:Nd38%、Nb0.17%、Gd0.18%、Ti0.18%、Ni0.19%、Bi5%、Dy6%、Cr0.16%、B8%、余Fe;
2)将上述配好的原料加入真空感应炉中熔制出合金锭,电炉的真空度要求小于0.1Pa。然后将得到的合金锭放入真空感应成型炉内的重熔管式坩埚中进行重熔,重熔温度为1600-1670℃,重熔管式坩埚的底部置于真空感应快淬炉转轮轮缘之上2-4mm处,将上述合金锭置于管式坩埚内熔化,合金熔融后在氩气作用下从坩埚底部的孔中喷出与旋转的转轮边缘接触,形成厚度为770-780μm、宽度为13-15mm的合金条带,转轮轮缘的旋转线速度为20-24m/s。
3)将合金条带放入炉中,升温至590-610℃,保温5-8min。然后将冷却后的合金条带粗碎到3-6mm后,放入通过气流磨制备出平均粒度为2-3μm的粉末;然后将粉末放入压机模具中,在5-7T压力下压制成型,将压制坯置于1190-1250℃的烧结炉中烧结2-4小时即得到功能材料,烧结炉真空度要求小于0.1Pa。

Claims (7)

1.一种功能材料,其特征在于,其组分按照如下质量百分比进行配料:Nd34-36%、Nb0.01-0.15%、Gd0.01-0.15%、Ti0.01-0.15%、Ni0.01-0.15%、Bi1-4%、Dy1-4%、Cr0.01-0.15%、B4-7%、余Fe。
2.一种如权利要求1所述的功能材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)按照如下质量百分比进行配料:Nd34-36%、Nb0.01-0.15%、Gd0.01-0.15%、Ti0.01-0.15%、Ni0.01-0.15%、Bi1-4%、Dy1-4%、Cr0.01-0.15%、B4-7%、余Fe;
2)将上述配好的原料加入真空感应炉中熔制出合金锭,然后将得到的合金锭放入真空感应成型炉内的重熔管式坩埚中进行重熔,重熔温度为1600-1670℃,重熔管式坩埚的底部置于真空感应快淬炉转轮轮缘之上2-4mm处,将上述合金锭置于管式坩埚内熔化,合金熔融后在氩气作用下从坩埚底部的孔中喷出与旋转的转轮边缘接触,形成合金条带,
3)将合金条带放入炉中,升温至590-610℃,保温5-8min,然后将冷却后的合金条带粗碎,放入通过气流磨制备出粉末;然后将粉末放入压机模具中,在5-7T压力下压制成型,将压制坯置于1190-1250℃的烧结炉中烧结即得到功能材料。
3.根据权利要求2所述的功能材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述电炉的真空度要求小于0.1Pa。
4.根据权利要求2所述的功能材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述合金条带厚度为770-780μm、宽度为13-15mm。
5.根据权利要求2所述的功能材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述转轮轮缘的旋转线速度为20-24m/s。
6.根据权利要求2所述的功能材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述冷却后的渗氮金条带粗碎到3-6mm后,放入通过气流磨制备出平均粒度为2-3μm的粉末。
7.根据权利要求2所述的功能材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述烧结炉真空度要求小于0.1Pa。
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