CN105339749A - 散装物料干燥方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于在干燥料仓(7)中借助空气流来干燥散装物料尤其是固体例如颗粒、粉末、谷粒、薄膜、碎屑等且最好是塑料颗粒的方法。来自干燥料仓(7)的含湿气的再循环空气或工艺过程空气流(10)在装有干燥剂或吸附剂的干燥室且最好是由空气分布顶板和空气分布底板连同设置在两者之间的转动滚筒构成的轮式干燥机(11)中被干燥并作为干燥空气流(12)又被供给该散装物料。在该轮式干燥机(11)中还再生所述吸附剂。轮式干燥机(11)的滚筒通过所述空气分布顶板和空气分布底板被分为空气可流过的两个区域。一个区域(5)被考虑用于再生吸附剂,另一个区域(6)被考虑用于干燥或除湿工艺过程空气流(10)。用于干燥或除湿工艺过程空气流(10)的所述区域(6)与用于再生吸附剂的所述区域(5)相接,其中热吸附剂未被冷却地被送入用于干燥或除湿工艺过程空气流(10)的所述区域(6)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及在干燥料仓中借助空气流来干燥散装物料尤其是固体如颗粒、粉末、谷粒、薄膜、碎屑等且最好是塑料颗粒的方法,其中,来自干燥料仓的含湿气的再循环空气或工艺过程空气流在装有干燥剂或吸附剂的干燥室内、最好在由空气分布顶板和空气分布底板连同设于两者之间的转动滚筒构成的轮式干燥机内被干燥并且作为干燥空气流又被供给该散装物料,并且在该轮式干燥机中还再生所述吸附剂。
背景技术
为了干燥来自干燥料仓的再循环空气,公开了各种不同的方法和装置。
由AT509475B1公开一种前述类型的方法。根据该已知的方法,在轮式干燥机中再生并冷却该吸附剂。轮式干燥机的转动滚筒为此被分为至少三个扇形部段,其中一个扇形部段的区域被考虑用于工艺过程空气流的干燥或除湿,第二扇形部段的区域被考虑用于吸附剂的加热或再生,而第三扇形部段的区域被考虑用于吸附剂的冷却。该方法的能量需求由在加热、冷却和干燥或除湿消耗中的能耗的三个部分组成。
DE3625013A1示出另一种已知方法。在该已知方法的过程中,来自干燥料斗的废气在装有吸附剂的干燥器内被干燥并作为干燥空气又被输送给散装物料。
另外,由DE19757537A1公开一种用于干燥和加热散装物料干燥用空气的装置和方法。该装置主要由至少一个干燥筒或干燥室、设于下游的空气加热器、设于下游的干燥物室或干燥料仓和设于下游的冷却装置构成。
另外,由DE10118762A1公开一种用于再生含有湿气的工艺过程空气的方法。在此,大气空气被加热并且输送给待再生的干燥筒。干燥筒的接下来的循环冷却借助从被干燥的工艺过程空气中分出的部分气流来进行。
由EP0712656B1公开一种用于干燥潮湿空气的方法,并且由EP740956A2公开用于处理尤其含有湿气的吸附剂的方法和装置。
另外,由DE2025205A1公开一种用于选择性吸附分子的具有多个腔室的装置。
前言所述类型的装置由AT505391B1公开了。根据该装置,废气空气流被输送给设于轮式干燥机中且与吸附剂相关联的供应通道,在轮式干燥机中被转向,被引导经过吸附剂,随后作为干燥空气流被再次转向且在排出通道内与供应通道中的流动方向相反地被排出并且被输送给干燥料仓。该轮式干燥机的一个缺点是由转向造成的高流阻导致需要高压。
所有的上述方法和装置尤其有以下缺点,该装置需要很复杂的结构并且在方法方面存在着高能耗。
发明内容
本发明的任务是提供前述类型的方法,其一方面避免以上缺点,另一方面在购置还有运行方面就整体来看提高尤其是运行使用时的经济性。
该任务通过本发明来完成。
本发明的方法的特点是,该轮式干燥机的滚筒通过所述空气分布顶板和空气分布底板被分为空气可流过的两个区域,其中,一个区域被考虑用于吸附剂再生,另一个区域被考虑用于工艺过程空气流的干燥或除湿,并且用于工艺过程空气流的干燥或除湿的区域与用于吸附剂再生的区域相接,其中热的吸附剂未被冷却地被送入用于工艺过程空气流的干燥或除湿的区域。利用本发明的方法,第一次可以实现相比于常见做法显著减小工作运行中的能耗。
沸石需要高于200℃的温度以便再生即除湿干燥。温度越高,效率将越高。因此,一定沸石量的再生需要一定的能耗,这取决于温度、时间和空气流。因此,可以依据沸石的湿度确定最佳能耗。超过饱和范围的能量输入是无用的。但鉴于加入工艺过程中的机器零部件如处于约280℃的密封的耐热性,对温度高低设限。
如本身已知,用于排风气流的干燥除湿的能耗主要由该再生阶段中的加热功率来决定。根据属于现有技术的方法及其哲理,要达到均匀一致的露点。为了达到该露点,在再生阶段后规定了冷却阶段。在冷却阶段中该吸附剂被冷却到小于80℃。
根据本发明所依据的哲理即至少保持与现有设备相关的干燥空气的质量标准但通过能效来提高经济性,有意地在吸附剂干燥除湿之前放弃冷却阶段。根据本发明并且在这里视为重大优点地,通过将热吸附剂未冷却地送入用于工艺过程空气流的干燥或除湿的区域来节约能耗。能量节约达到约15-25%。
确如本身已知,为了再循环空气流的干燥除湿而采用了具有筒或轮式干燥机的装置。尤其在热带地域中,筒式干燥器通常不受欢迎。因此在这些地域内采用轮式干燥机。
一般,轮式干燥机的优点是它们自给自足地制定其运行工作。根据本发明的方法原则上适用于两种做法。
根据本发明的一个很特殊的特征,用于吸附剂再生的再生空气流作为部分气流从工艺过程空气流中被取出。通过该措施,加热功率因为所述干燥空气而被降低。避免了可能有的外界空气加湿。但是,该重大优点体现在不必针对该设备设置用于再生空气流的特有鼓风机。
根据本发明的另一个特征,工艺过程空气流的干燥除湿和吸附剂的再生尤其在连续工作中连续地同时进行。在干燥方法中分为高用水负荷和低用水负荷。根据此结果,根据本发明方法,再生阶段在高用水负荷下以连续工作方式运行。
根据本发明的一个特殊改进方案,吸附剂再生按照间歇工作方式执行,在这里,轮式干燥机的滚筒被停止并且在再生之后以一个可选区域且最好是再生用区域继续前行。如上所述,干燥方法分为高用水负荷和低用水负荷。根据此结果,根据本发明方法,该再生阶段在低用水负荷时以间歇工作方式运行。就是说,用于加热吸附剂的加热机构和或许所属的鼓风机被有意地关停一段时间。利用这样的间歇工作,用于露点的曲线的走向与理想曲线只是略有偏差,但在这里该偏差对于质量标准而言是微不可察的。
根据本发明的另一个实施方式,在间歇工作中,在滚筒静止情况下,用于再生的加热机构在再生之后被关停,并且该工艺过程空气流的未被加热的部分气流流过该再生区域。由此,有利地获得对于干燥除湿最佳的露点。
根据本发明的另一个特殊实施方式,用于再生的区域被确定为小于用于工艺过程空气流的干燥或除湿的区域。由此一来,可以有利地实现连续的总体工艺过程,在这里,仍然通过用于吸附剂再生的较小立体单元获得在工作时间范围内都是最佳而均匀的露点。
根据本发明的一个特殊设计,干燥或除湿的区域等于约260-300弧度,用于加热或再生的区域等于约60-100弧度。如在试验中表明地,由此获得了对于干燥除湿最佳的露点。
根据本发明的一个改进方案,根据由所述空气分布顶板或空气分布底板预定的空气导流,将多个由一个再生区域和一个干燥除湿区域构成的单元布置在轮式干燥机的转动滚筒上。由此可以实现在本发明方法在轮式干燥机上按比例进行。
附图说明
结合如图所示的实施例来详述本发明,附图示出了该方法的线路图。
具体实施方式
根据图1,示意性示出用于干燥散装物料尤其是固体如颗粒、粉末、谷粒、薄膜、碎屑等且最好是塑料颗粒的方法的空气导流。塑料颗粒在干燥料仓7内借助干燥空气流12被干燥。为了在干燥或除湿阶段的区域6中干燥来自干燥料仓7且含带湿气的再循环空气或工艺过程空气流10,工艺过程空气流10通过再循环空气过滤器4和工艺过程鼓风机1与装有干燥剂或吸附剂的轮式干燥机11相连。工艺过程空气流10在轮式干燥机11内被干燥。工艺过程空气流10作为干燥空气流12经加热8又被供给干燥料仓7。
干燥料仓7通过加料装置14例如被装填塑料颗粒。通过吸排箱9,干燥后的塑料颗粒从干燥料仓7被送出以便进一步加工。
轮式干燥机11由空气分布顶板和空气分布底板连同设于两者之间的转动滚筒构成。轮式干燥机11的滚筒通过所述空气分布顶板和空气分布底板被分为空气可流过的两个区域。一个区域5被考虑用于吸附剂的再生,另一个区域6被考虑用于工艺过程空气流10的干燥或除湿。用于工艺过程空气流10的干燥或除湿的区域6与用于吸附剂再生的区域5相接,在这里,热吸附剂未经冷却地被送入用于工艺过程空气流的干燥或除湿的区域6。
吸附剂在轮式干燥机11里在再生阶段的区域5中被再生。为了吸附剂的再生,作为部分空气流从工艺过程空气流10中取出再生空气流13。再生空气流13被输送经过再生加热机构2、被加热并且随后被供给轮式干燥机11。在流过轮式干燥机11之后,再生空气流13经过排风道3被排出至环境。因此,有利地不必针对该设备设置用于再生空气流13的特有鼓风机。
用于工艺过程空气流10的所述干燥阶段或除湿阶段6以连续工作方式来连续运行。最好也在用于干燥阶段或除湿阶段的连续工作中同时进行吸附剂的再生。
如上所述,沸石需要高于200℃的温度以进行再生即除湿和干燥。因此,为了再生一定的沸石量,根据温度、时间和空气流而需要一定能量消耗。
还已知的是,对于工艺过程空气流10的干燥和除湿的区域6,处于80℃数量级的温度是最佳的,对大多数颗粒类型而言达到180℃的温度也是最佳的。
根据从现有技术例如参见AT509475B1所知道的方法,离开再生区域5的吸附剂伴随能量消耗在轮式干燥机11的一个特有区域里被冷却。根据本发明所基于的哲理即至少保持与现有设备相关的干燥空气质量标准但提高经济性,有意放弃该冷却阶段。在吸附剂中因再生而近似多余的能量作为储能被用在干燥除湿阶段中。
通过放弃冷却阶段,得到在设备运行中总能耗的约15-25%的能量节约。
已知的是,因此可基于沸石湿度来确定最佳能耗。因此,超过饱和范围的能量输入未带来明显提高的效率并且是能量浪费。如本身还已知地,在干燥或除湿阶段中的干燥过程的能耗主要由再生阶段中的加热功率决定。
为了现在进一步遵循本发明所依据的哲理即至少保持与现有设备相关的干燥空气的质量标准但提供经济性,干燥方法被有意区分为高用水负荷和低用水负荷。依据该结果,根据本发明方法,再生阶段在低用水负荷时按照间歇工作方式运行。就是说,用于加热吸附剂的再生加热机构2被关停一段时间。工艺过程空气流10的未被加热的部分气流可以流过再生用区域5。利用这样的间歇工作,针对露点的曲线的走向只与理想曲线略有偏差,但在这里该偏差对于所述质量标准来说是微不可察的。
通过有意将再生用区域5设计成小于用于工艺过程空气流10的干燥或除湿的区域6,可以获得整个工艺过程的进一步优化。干燥或除湿的区域6最好等于约260-300弧度,而加热用区域5等于约60-100弧度。
为了该方法在轮式干燥机11上按比例进行,可以根据由所述空气分布顶板或空气分布底板预定的空气导流,将多个由一个再生区域5和一个干燥除湿区域6构成的单元布置在轮式干燥机11的转动滚筒上。
Claims (8)
1.一种在干燥料仓中借助空气流来干燥散装物料尤其是固体如颗粒、粉末、谷粒、薄膜、碎屑等且最好是塑料颗粒的方法,其中离开该干燥料仓的含湿气的再循环空气或工艺过程空气流在装有干燥剂或吸附剂的干燥室且最好是由空气分布顶板和空气分布底板连同设置在两者之间的转动滚筒构成的轮式干燥机内被干燥并作为干燥空气流又被供给该散装物料,并且在该轮式干燥机中还再生所述吸附剂,其特征在于,该轮式干燥机(11)的滚筒通过所述空气分布顶板和空气分布底板被分为空气可流过的两个区域,其中,一个区域(5)被考虑用于再生吸附剂,另一个区域(6)被考虑用于干燥或除湿该工艺过程空气流(10),并且用于干燥或除湿工艺过程空气流(10)的所述区域(6)与用于再生吸附剂的所述区域(5)相接,其中所述热吸附剂未经冷却地被送入用于干燥或除湿工艺过程空气流(10)的所述区域(6)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,该再生空气流(13)作为部分空气流从该工艺过程空气流(10)中被取出以再生吸附剂。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,该工艺过程空气流(10)的干燥和除湿和吸附剂的再生按照连续工作方式尤其连续地同时进行。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,吸附剂的再生按照间歇工作方式进行,其中该轮式干燥机(11)的滚筒被停止并在再生后以一个可选区域最好是再生区域继续前进。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,在间歇工作中,在滚筒静止情况下,在再生之后用于再生的加热机构(2)被停止,并且该工艺过程空气流(10)的未被加热的部分气流流过该再生区域。
6.根据权利要求1至5中一项或多项所述的方法,其特征在于,用于再生的区域(5)被设定为小于用于干燥或除湿该工艺过程空气流(10)的区域(6)。
7.根据权利要求1至6中一项或多项所述的方法,其特征在于,用于干燥或除湿的区域(6)等于约260-300弧度,用于加热的区域(5)等于约60-100弧度。
8.根据权利要求1至7中一项或多项所述的方法,其特征在于,通过由所述空气分布顶板或空气分布底板预定的空气导流,将多个由再生区域(5)和干燥和除湿区域(6)构成的单元设置在该轮式干燥机(11)的转动滚筒上。
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CN107569972B (zh) * | 2016-07-05 | 2021-03-02 | 中微惠创科技(上海)有限公司 | 旋转式气体吸附装置及其控制方法 |
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