CN105339717A - 用于联结件的加强套筒，加强套筒和联结件的组件，将例如多层管道焊接至组件的方法 - Google Patents

用于联结件的加强套筒，加强套筒和联结件的组件，将例如多层管道焊接至组件的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105339717A
CN105339717A CN201480035699.3A CN201480035699A CN105339717A CN 105339717 A CN105339717 A CN 105339717A CN 201480035699 A CN201480035699 A CN 201480035699A CN 105339717 A CN105339717 A CN 105339717A
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China
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junction pipe
sleeve
connecting piece
reinforcement sleeve
outer end
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CN201480035699.3A
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CN105339717B (zh
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科内利斯·奥古斯蒂努斯·凡德尔唐克
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TERSIA NEDERLAND BV
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TERSIA NEDERLAND BV
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L13/00—Non-disconnectible pipe-joints, e.g. soldered, adhesive or caulked joints
    • F16L13/02—Welded joints
    • F16L13/04—Welded joints with arrangements for preventing overstressing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L33/00—Arrangements for connecting hoses to rigid members; Rigid hose connectors, i.e. single members engaging both hoses
    • F16L33/01—Arrangements for connecting hoses to rigid members; Rigid hose connectors, i.e. single members engaging both hoses adapted for hoses having a multi-layer wall
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B29C65/20—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools with direct contact, e.g. using "mirror"
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/72—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by combined operations or combined techniques, e.g. welding and stitching
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7802—Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/1246—Tongue and groove joints characterised by the female part, i.e. the part comprising the groove
    • B29C66/12469—Tongue and groove joints characterised by the female part, i.e. the part comprising the groove being asymmetric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
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    • B29C66/3032—Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect making use of protrusions or cavities belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/30325—Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect making use of protrusions or cavities belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined making use of cavities belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5221—Joining tubular articles for forming coaxial connections, i.e. the tubular articles to be joined forming a zero angle relative to each other
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5229—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket
    • B29C66/52291—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket said socket comprising a stop
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
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    • B29C66/5229—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket
    • B29C66/52295—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket said socket comprising reinforcements
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    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
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    • B29C66/636—Internally supporting the article during joining using a support which remains in the joined object
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L13/00—Non-disconnectible pipe-joints, e.g. soldered, adhesive or caulked joints
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L21/00—Joints with sleeve or socket
    • F16L21/08—Joints with sleeve or socket with additional locking means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L33/00—Arrangements for connecting hoses to rigid members; Rigid hose connectors, i.e. single members engaging both hoses
    • F16L33/34—Arrangements for connecting hoses to rigid members; Rigid hose connectors, i.e. single members engaging both hoses with bonding obtained by vulcanisation, gluing, melting, or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29L2031/243—Elbows

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Branch Pipes, Bends, And The Like (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及加强套筒，该加强套筒基本上是管状的，且设计成在与形成联结件(20)的部分的联结管的组件中放置在联结管(22)内。该套筒设置有至少在该加强套筒的轴线方向(7)上延伸的狭缝(5)，且其中该狭缝(5)被该加强套筒的狭缝边缘(9)包围。由于该套筒采用柔性的和弹性的形式，该狭缝边缘界定可变的中间空间，其中该加强套筒的尺寸和形式被选择成使得该加强套筒的轮廓能够被放置于连接管内，且放置之后在该处该加强套筒紧密地连接至该联结管的内壁。该加强套筒可选择地包括用于固定至该联结管的齿。本发明还涉及用于将多层管道的外端部焊接至上述组件的方法。

Description

用于联结件的加强套筒，加强套筒和联结件的组件，将例如多层管道焊接至组件的方法
本发明涉及用于联结件的加强套筒，例如用于多层管道，特别是用于适于例如多层管道的承插焊接(socketwelding)(国际术语：聚合熔融焊接(polyfusionwelding))的联结件。
多层管道被应用于塑料管道系统(PCS)，且多层管道因此形成对钢管道和铜管道的替代。除其它的目的外，管道被用于水、气体和化学物质的供给与排放。
这些多层管道的巨大优势是它们能够以形式-保留的方式、以类似于铜管道的方式弯曲，同时与铜管道相比多层管道在重量上更轻且不昂贵。一个良好的示例是由两侧带有聚乙烯层的铝层构成的聚乙烯管。这样的管是柔性的且具有用于计划的应用的已被证实的强度。特别令人感兴趣的是基于PE-RT(PE-升高的温度(RaisedTemperature)，Dowlex的产品)的管，该管能够承受90℃至95℃的温度且能够应用在高达10巴的压强处。
聚合熔融焊接是用于借助于联结件将多层管道联结至彼此的合适的技术，其中联结件和用于联结的管道的外端部被加热，例如通过焊接芯轴或其它的加热装置，直到用于联结的部分变成可塑的。然后在可塑状态下，通过加压或滑动用于联结的部分使其抵靠彼此或进入彼此并允许这些部分冷却来使两部分被熔合在一起。
在聚合熔融焊接中喷枪被用作热源，喷枪的外端部设置有可安装的加热元件，也被称为焊接芯轴和焊接衬套。焊接芯轴和焊接衬套成形为使得它们固定至待被熔合在一起的联结件的相应联结管子和管道的外端部的接触表面上。该技术具有简单的工具可以被使用且操作可以被快速执行(每个操作只持续数秒)的优点。
用于多层管道的联结件在来自相同的发明人的更早的申请WO2012/030221中已经被描述，该联结件包括带有内壁的联结管，该内壁通过强度大于联结管自身的邻近的加强层被加强。管道被设置在这个联结管的外表面之上且在这个联结管的外表面上，为了该目的焊接衬套被利用以使该联结管的这个外表面是可塑的。如果需要，焊接芯轴大致同时被利用以使该管道的内表面是可塑的。在与管道组装的最后状态中，联结管然后被定位于在联结管的内侧上的加强层与在联结管的外侧上的管道之间。
在这种已知的配置中，加强层被设置有轴向接合元件，同时联结管的内壁被设置有对应于该接合元件且连接至该接合元件的轴向连接元件。
这样的加强层实现了联结管机械强度更高且因此联结管能够更好地承受在使用过程中该联结件暴露于的多样的扭力、弯曲力和拉力。
在已知的配置中，加强层可以是单独的可拆除的部件或形成与联结管一体的元件。如果一体地形成，带有加强层的联结件优选地通过两个部件的注射模制被制造。
在WO2012/030221中描述的带有一体的加强层的联结件具有特征部，该特征部的生产基于与两个部件的注射模制，且基于在联结管的内壁上和在加强层上或在加强层中的相互作用的轴向元件的设置。
对于加强层，其是圆筒形的且因此事实上具有在联结管内的第二管的形式，为了能够正确地吸收扭力和弯曲力，同时产生了加强层与联结管的内壁具有良好的接触的要求。
当加强层体现为松分离的套筒时，套筒的尺寸非常关键，因为套筒在联结管内必须被紧配合地包围。对于套筒的轴向元件也是这样，套筒的轴向元件必须紧密地连接至联结管的内壁的相对的轴向元件上。
此外，已知的配置具有进一步的弊端。联结件的联结管的轴向外端部具有例如锥形形式且加强层从联结管的外端部延伸一定的距离。特别地由于联结管的外端部的这样的锥形形式，但也通常由于圆筒形形式，当联结管的恰好这些外端部的外表面被加热或当用于连接至该联结管的管道被置于联结管的外端部之上时，可能的是，距离联结管的外端部一定的距离的加强层不能阻止没有联结管的加强层的出口或外端部由于这里释放的热量而在聚合熔融焊接的过程中朝内弯曲。然而，在加强层已经被设置在联结管的内部中的位置，当用于连接的管道被加热或置于联结管之上时，加强层确实通常阻止联结管朝内变形。间隙形成可以因此在联结管的出口或外端部与用于连接的管道之间发生，由此在联结件的位置处通过管道的无障碍流动不能被保证，或甚至发生压力损失。
本发明的目的是至少减少(如果不能消除的话)带有用于联结管的加强层的已知配置的上述陈述的问题和/或其它的问题和/或缺点。
根据第一方面，为了这个目的，本发明提供了根据涉及组件的所附主要的权利要求的在带有联结件的组件中提供加强套筒。
这样的加强套筒首先简化了在联结管中加强套筒的插入和放置，同时在放置后可以保证紧密地安装接触。此外，甚至当联结管的外端部被加热或管道被放置于联结管之上时，加强套筒在联结管的外端部处或在联结管的外端部中带来其形式保留。不管加强套筒是在联结件的生产过程中被设置还是作为单独的模块被提供都没有区别。
由于带有可变的中间空间的狭缝的存在，通过将狭缝轻压在一起以减小加强套筒的外形的尺寸，使得在没有太多阻力的情况下进行放置成为可能的。由于套筒的弹性特性，在放置后，外形的尺寸将再次增加，由此套筒紧密地连接至联结管的内壁。此外，加强套筒在其与联结管组装的情况下，例如在通过焊接衬套加热联结管的外表面的过程中，且还在将用于连接的管道放置在联结管之上的过程中，加强套筒在一定的程度上是可压缩的。即使当联结管的材料处于用于其与用于连接的管道熔合的塑性状态时，加强套筒因此给予了相对于焊接衬套且还相对于用于连接的管道的对准的效果。
加强套筒的尺寸和形式这里被选择成使得处于卸载状态的加强套筒的外圆周等于内壁的尺寸或比内壁的尺寸大一小部分。
插入和放置的操作因此可以先于将联结件聚合熔融焊接至管道外端部被技术人员简单且快速地执行。
由于在联结管的内壁上的加强套筒的朝外方向上的紧抓力，基本上不存在加强套筒与联结管的组件在聚合熔融焊接之前无意中分离的风险。
当聚合熔融焊接然后被实施时，与根据本发明的加强套筒相关联的第二有利的效果发生。
在放置在联结管内后，至少在套筒的轴向方向上延伸的狭缝将具有位于处于卸载状态的空间与处于压缩状态的空间之间的范围中的中间空间。在聚合熔融焊接过程中这个中间空间被联结管的内壁材料填充，这种材料在聚合熔融焊接过程中释放的热量中而变得在一定程度上可塑的。塑性材料将自身成形至加强套筒的外表面，且因此在狭缝的位置处凸出。
当连接的联结管与管道外端部已经在聚合熔融焊接之后冷却时，内壁材料的凝固凸出部仍然留在加强套筒的狭缝内。和狭缝一样，这个凸出部将至少在轴向方向上延伸，从而由于聚合熔融焊接步骤，在内壁上形成元件，该元件在加强套筒中锁定至狭缝中。
在加强套筒和联结管上没有进一步的构造的情况下实现加强套筒和联结管之间的增加机械强度的轴向的相互作用因此是可能的。
根据本发明的实施方案，联结管的外端部被提供有边缘。这个边缘起到止动的作用且支撑加强套筒的在联结管内的正确和持久的放置。
当加强套筒具有锥形外形时，那么推荐的是，该边缘存在于加强套筒的加宽的外端部上。
根据本发明另外的实施方案，在加强套筒上或加强套筒的在组装状态抵靠该边缘的法兰盘或类似物进一步设置有悬臂齿(overhangingtoothing)。当该加强套筒的边缘或在该加强套筒上的法兰盘精确地连接至联结管的外端部时，该悬臂齿起到额外的固定装置或接合部的作用。由于该接合或固定，将加强套筒设置在联结件上、设置在联结件中或设置在联结件处使得加强套筒保持在联结件上是可能的，且聚合熔融焊接操作可以开始而没有套筒从联结件分离的风险。
在另外的实施方案中，根据本发明的组件可以具有这样的特征：在与联结件组装的状态下，悬臂齿中的至少一个包括定向至联结管中的钩状构件。在加强套筒与联结管之间的机械联结因此可以被实现，且一旦焊接衬套加热联结管的外表面(作为将用于连接的管道放置在其上的准备)且被缩回，阻止加强套筒被焊接衬套从联结管拔出是可能的。在这里可能有利的是，联结件的联结管包括用于在联结管中容纳钩状构件的至少一个凹部。为了实现计划的功能，这样的凹部将被设置在联结管的外表面上。
在优选的实施方案中，可能有利的是，联结管在其内部包括边缘，处于与联结件的组装状态的加强套筒抵靠着该边缘支撑在联结管中。套筒因此支撑在联结管的内部，以界定套筒在其中具有计划的功能的加强区域。
在优选的实施方案中，加强套筒与联结件在联结件的生产过程中被组装是有利的。可选择的，加强套筒与联结件可以是在连接至管道的过程中(或就在连接至管道之前)可以被组装的单独的模块。
根据本发明的加强套筒优选地由包括例如PVDF、POM、PPSU的加强材料或类似的材料的材料层形成。甚至金属是可能的。
这种材料一方面必须适于起到加强的作用，使得该联结管的机械强度总体上被增加；这种材料另一方面必须具有足够的弹性且有足够的柔性以适于本发明。
在第一优选的实施方案中，根据本发明的加强套筒具有锥形的外形。该加强套筒因此适于放置在带有具有锥形形式的内壁的联结管内。
在第二优选实施方案中，根据本发明的加强套筒具有圆筒形的外形。该加强套筒因此适于放置在带有具有圆筒形形式的内壁的联结管内。
在第三优选实施方案中，根据本发明的加强套筒具有包括锥形部分和圆筒形部分的外形。该加强套筒因此适于放置在带有具有锥形形式与圆筒形形式两者的内壁的联结管内。
在根据本发明的加强套筒中，该外表面更加优选地被设置有浮雕结构，优选地设置有一个或多个凹进部分。这最终增加了表面积，通过该表面积，联结管的内壁可以接合在加强套筒上。
如上文对应于加强套筒中的狭缝已经阐述的，联结管的内壁在聚合熔融焊接过程中将可塑地变形，使得内壁自身成形至邻近的加强套筒外表面。当外表面被设置有浮雕结构时，在冷却后将在内壁上形成一个结构，该结构接合在加强套筒的浮雕结构上。除了加强套筒中的狭缝的中间空间内的内壁的凸出部，额外的接合元件因此被形成。
连同加强套筒的上述陈述的优点，根据本发明的第一方面的设置有加强套筒的联结件具有如下的优点：
-容易从联结件和加强套筒组装且非常适合实际应用；
-在聚合熔融焊接至管道的外端部后，该联结件在联结件与加强套筒之间提供用于吸收扭力与弯曲力的目的的足够的接合位置，因此获得了结实的联结件；
-该联结件非常适合用于多层管道的耐用的联结，而管道的完整性没有损失。由于被放置在联结件的环形的插入空间中，管道的外端部完全被包围，因此非常高质量的焊接连接特别地被获得。
在根据本发明的组件中，加强套筒的外形优选地是锥形的或包括锥形部分与圆筒形部分，同时联结管的内径在外端部在朝外的方向上增加。
这样的组合确保了加强套筒的外表面在联结管的内壁上的最优的紧密配合。
在根据本发明的组件的优选的实施方案中，联结件基本上由包括PE、加强PE或PE-RT的材料形成。
这样的材料对多层管道是最常见的，使得联结件与多层管道因此具有相同的特性。这不仅对该应用有利而且在联结过程中也有利，因为焊接装置可以被设置成一个具体的温度以塑化管道与联结件各自的接触表面。
进一步推荐的是，在根据本发明的组件中，联结件的环形空间在该壁的方向上变窄，使得在该壁的加宽部分与联结管的外侧面之间的径向距离减小至比管道的壁厚小的值。
联结件这样的设计使该管的外端部在联结件的环形空间中被正确地夹紧是可能的，且获得最优的熔合连接是可能的。更重要的是，在联结的过程中通过聚合熔融焊接形成的熔合连接或焊接肋以特别的方式被变窄的空间变形的附加效果。由于该变窄的空间，在外壁和加宽的部分之间形成的焊接肋被迫使以一定的程度朝外，由此获得凸出的焊接肋。该特征的很大优点是，基于凸出的焊接肋，用户可以容易地视觉地确定获得的焊接连接是否具有足够的质量。因此在实践中对获得的连接进行立即的视觉检查是可能的，这节省了时间。
在根据本发明的组件中，联结件的垂直壁更加优选地具有加宽部分，其长度在轴向方向上比联结管的如从垂直壁测量至联结管外端部的轴向长度小，且优选地小四倍或更多。
联结管的加宽部分与管道的外壁接触，同时管道的内壁与联结管自身的外侧面接触。由于多层管道的外壁是相对易受损的，因此推荐的是管道的外侧的接触表面相对较小且在管道的内侧上的接触表面相对较大。因此获得连接的最佳强度，同时管道的外壁尽量小地暴露在剪切力下，因此由外壁保护的金属层保持完整。
根据第三方面，本发明涉及用于将多层管道的外端部焊接至根据本发明的第二方面的组件的方法。
其中该方法包括以下步骤：
将加强套筒插入且放置到联结件的联结管的对应的内部空间中，使得加强套筒的外形基本上紧密地连接至联结管的内壁，其中齿处在接合联结管的外端部的位置，
加热管道的外端部，
将管道的外端部放置在联结管上方且在加强套筒的齿上方的联结件的插入空间中，以将外端部与联结件熔合，且随后允许获得的熔合连接冷却，
其中在该方法的执行过程中，由于施加的热量，联结管的内壁塑性地变形，使得内壁将自身成形至邻近的加强套筒外表面，因此在冷却之后，在内壁上产生了接合在加强套筒的外表面上的结构。
在加热管道的外端部的步骤或特征的上下文中，注意到，相应的管道的外端部这里可以被直接加热，但也可以不通过联结件。在已知技术中，多样的芯轴是可获得的，其中适配器可以被应用于放置在加热元件上。注意到，不论加热方法，为了带来管道与联结件的熔合，在联结件的材料中和/或管道的材料中产生足够的温度是重要的。
这样的方法使在管道外端部与联结件之间获得耐用的焊接是可能的，其中：
-为了吸收扭力与弯曲力以便获得结实的联结件，在聚合熔融焊接至管道外端部后，联结件在联结件与加强套筒之间提供足够的接合位置；
-由于在放置在环形插入空间之后，管道的外端部完全被联结件包围，非常高质量的焊接连接被获得；
-当插入空间采用变窄的形式时，对焊接的质量进行简单的视觉检查是可能的。
本发明参考附图在下文中被说明，在附图中：
图1是根据本发明的加强套筒的透视图；
图2示出图1的联结件的横截面；
图3示出根据本发明的联结件与设置在其中的加强套筒的组件的横截面；
图4是根据本发明的加强套筒的可选择的实施方案的透视图；
图5是根据本发明的加强套筒的随后的可选择的实施方案的侧视图；
图6A和图6B示出根据本发明的加强套筒的两个不同的实施方案的侧视图；
图7A和图7B示出根据本发明的加强套筒的随后的可选择的实施方案的透视图；
图8A和图8B示出多层管或管道以及联结件和套筒的组合处于正确的对准位置和显示未对准的处于过于仓促的组装状态；和
图9、图10和图11分别示出根据本发明在进一步的另外的实施方案中的组件和其元件或部件的横截面侧视图、细节图和透视图。
图1示出由弯曲层3形成的加强套筒1，弯曲层3设置有平行于轴向轴线7延伸的狭缝5，其中狭缝5的中间空间被狭缝边缘9包围。套筒的形式是略呈锥形，其中边缘11在加宽的端部上存在于整个外围，而且这个边缘被设置有悬臂齿13。
根据本发明的加强套筒可以由包括例如PVDF、POM、PPSU的加强塑料或类似材料的材料层形成。甚至金属是可能的。
图2示出图1的联结件的横截面，在图2中对应的部件由相同的数字表示。横截面在轴向轴线7和套筒在狭缝5的位置处的直径的平面中被截取。
图3示出在根据本发明设置有加强套筒1的联结件20的纵长方向上的横截面。
该联结件由具有内径o2的大体上的圆筒形式的联结管22构成。
在联结管22的外端部处内径变宽至值o1。联结管的外端部因此具有锥形的形式。在联结管的该锥形延伸的内壁的位置，加强套筒1被设置成具有相应的锥形形式。在这个实施方案中边缘11覆盖联结管的外端部且悬臂齿13将套筒固定地夹紧至联结管的外端部。
该联结件还包括具有在任意侧上的加宽部分26的垂直壁24，因此产生环形插入空间28。由于接触壁30的形式，该插入空间28在垂直壁的方向上变窄。在进入插入空间28的入口的位置，在该壁的加宽部分和该联结管的外侧面之间的径向距离(d1)等于或大于通过聚合熔融焊接联结至该联结件的管道外端部的壁厚。
加宽部分26具有比联结管的长度l2小约10倍的长度l1，l2如从垂直壁至联结管的外端部所测量的。
图4示出由管状层3构成的加强套筒1的实施方案，加强套筒1的外形是圆筒形的且设置有被狭缝边缘9包围的沿整个长度的狭缝5。
图5示出由管状层3构成的加强套筒1的实施方案，加强套筒1的外形包括锥形部分40和圆筒形部分42。该加强套筒设置有被狭缝边缘9包围的沿整个长度的狭缝5。
图6A示出根据图4的实施方案的变型，其中狭缝5体现为带有锯齿形形式的线。
图6B示出带有锥形外形的加强套筒，其中狭缝5采用弯折的形式。
图7A示出带有类似空竹(diabolo)形式的加强套筒，加强套筒的两个外端部72、73是锥形加宽的且中央部分70具有圆筒形的外形。该中央部分被设置有轴向槽74。上部外端部72被设置有轴向狭缝76。下部外端部73被设置有以距离彼此相等的距离设置的八个狭缝78。
用户可以将狭缝78挤在一起以形成如图7B中所示的管子。73'指定的挤在一起的实体然后可以插入到如图3所示的样式的联结管中。
图8A和图8B示出两种安装状态，其中图8A被正确地对齐，且图8B已经被过于仓促地安装且显示了联结件20相对于多层管或管道80的未对准。在联结件20的部件的变形或弯曲的过程中，套筒1不形成任何的阻碍，且准确地说，在如图8B所示的其组装过程中，这样的变形或弯曲是必要的，如果不是期望的，以当联结件20以成角度的定向放置于管上、放置于管中或抵靠管时实现联结件20与管80的良好的密封。一旦联结件20和管80的材料已经熔合，对这样的未对准的校正将不再可能。由于联结件20和/或管80和/或在组装过程中必须插入到管80中的联结件20的部分的外端部的锥化形式的材料的加热，联结件20的外端部无论如何都是柔性的以便产生示于图8B中的倾斜的位置且同时也实现了联结件20与管80之间的良好的密封。
在上下文中进一步注意，在图8A和图8B中，该狭缝边缘9紧密地连接至彼此。来自联结件20的熔融的材料很难渗透在狭缝边缘9之间的狭缝，或来自联结件20的熔融的材料只能以有限的程度渗透在狭缝边缘9之间的狭缝。当一些尺寸空间保持在狭缝边缘9之间时，来自联结件20的固化的材料可以形成抵抗套筒1的径向旋转的锁定。来自联结件20的熔融的材料向在边缘9之间的狭缝的渗透将几乎总是以一定的程度发生。该加强套筒保持该联结管的外端部是圆形的，且当用于焊接的管道被推送至联结管的外端部在齿13上方时，额外的作用被达到：甚至由于这样的滑动运动，仅基于齿的夹紧动作，该加强套筒被正确地且额外地固定。
当该带有支撑套筒的联结管被插入到焊接装置(焊接衬套或焊接芯轴)中时，由于联结管的外端部和焊接芯轴两者是锥形的，联结管被压缩，即朝内加压。这种压缩可以被适应，由于该加强套筒被设置有狭缝9且因此该加强套筒还可以朝内弯曲；在加热过程中其因此暂时地获得更小的直径，但朝外加压以便加强联结管的外端部的材料与焊接衬套之间的接触。
当该联结管的外端被朝外拉出焊接衬套时，该加强套筒可能保持留在焊接衬套中。加强套筒的齿13为此提供第一解决方案。在进一步的改进中，挂钩构件91可以设置在齿13上。挂钩构件91可以被压进联结管的外端部的塑化的材料中，或联结管可以包括用于接收这些挂钩构件91的槽92或其它的容纳部位，其中挂钩构件91可以钩入槽92中。特别地，当槽92在径向方向上比该挂钩构件宽时，提供间隙用于联结管的外端部的压缩和加强套筒的压缩，其中挂钩构件91可以在槽92中滑动。
该齿13和挂钩构件可以通过水平/成角度的变形被增强，因此在焊接(加热)和随后的连接过程中，该套筒被轴向和径向锚定且保持轴向和径向锚定。
不同的方面这里可以被区分：如果在装配件的生产过程中该套筒被插入，由于注射模制工艺，用于加强套筒的足够的紧抓力被提供。如果在管道和联结管之间存在未对准且在这个位置进行焊接，该套筒不弯曲且牢固地位于管道的内部方向上。在加热和焊接过程中该套筒仍然保持联结管的外端部的形状，且可靠且正确的密封连接仍然是有效的。
如果该套筒设置成模块形式且套筒在比该联结管的生产过程晚的时间被插入联结管，套筒暂时“松弛地”位于联结件的联结管的外端部中。由于狭缝9，在通过焊接衬套的加热的过程中和/或在用于连接的管道的连接过程中和/或在当以一定的角度焊接时套筒朝向管壁弯曲的过程中，该套筒可以被压缩。如上面指出的，在这样的情况下暂时的锚定是必要的，以阻止在联结管的至少一个外端部加热后套筒保持留在焊接芯轴中。从技术的角度，该套筒因此具有三种锚定：1.当联结件的联结管从焊接衬套中拔出时用以吸收轴向力的围绕装配件的外侧的径向锚定，使得该衬套不保持留下；2.在套筒的顶部上的轴向锚定，以便在焊接之后获得在联结件和管道之间的连接；以及3.狭缝提供压缩选项和在焊接过程中抵抗旋转的锚定。
为了阻止套筒被压进联结管中，套筒抵靠肩或边缘93。
在查阅本发明的前述公开内容后，技术人员将想到许多可选择的和另外的实施方案，这些实施方案都在所附权利要求的保护范围内。这里特别注意，尽管不是排他的，但在加强套筒被插入到联结件中的情况下，加强套筒中的狭缝可以保持完全关闭，且不需要形成用于接收联结件的熔融的材料的容纳部分以形成可以阻止加强套筒的径向旋转的锁定部分。另外可能的是，在狭缝边缘之间的狭缝的尺寸可以不同，例如，通过提供突破件，由此材料可以从加强套筒移除且套筒的尺寸对用户是可调整的，在套筒插入到联结件中的情况下不用重叠狭缝的边缘。所有单独呈现的特征部、部件和元件可以被组合在没有具体地示出或描述的实施方案中。图6A或6B的锯齿形狭缝可以因此被设置在圆筒形套筒中，例如图5的圆筒形套筒。

Claims (16)

1.加强套筒(1)与联结件(20)的组件，
-其中所述联结件(20)包括联结管(22)，所述联结管在外侧面上设置有径向垂直壁(24)，所述壁在轴向方向上以距所述联结管的外侧面一径向距离被加宽(26)使得所述联结管(22)的外侧面、所述垂直壁(24)和加宽部分(26)围出环形插入空间(28)，管道的外端部或焊接装置的外端部能够被直接插入所述环形插入空间(28)，且其中在进入所述插入空间的入口位置处在所述壁的所述加宽部分与所述联结管(22)的外侧面之间的所述径向距离(d1)等于或大于所述管道的壁厚或所述焊接装置的壁厚；且
-其中所述加强套筒(1)基本上是管状的，且设计成用于放置在所述联结管(22)内，其特征在于，所述加强套筒(1)包括：
-狭缝(5)，其至少在所述加强套筒的轴向方向(7)上延伸，且其中所述狭缝(5)被所述加强套筒的狭缝边缘(9)包围，所述狭缝边缘界定中间空间，由于所述套筒采用柔性且弹性的形式，所述中间空间是可变的，其中所述加强套筒的尺寸和形式使得所述加强套筒的外形能够被安排在所述联结管内部，且在所述联结管的内部紧密地连接至所述联结管的内壁。
2.根据权利要求1所述的组件，其中所述加强套筒包括带有边缘(11)的外端部，其中在所述加强套筒与所述联结件组装的情况下，所述边缘(11)位于所述联结管(22)的轴向外端部或抵靠所述联结管(22)的轴向外端部，且所述边缘(11)包括悬伸在所述联结管的轴向外端部上的齿(13)，在其中所述加强套筒的所述边缘(11)连接至所述联结管(22)外端部的与所述联结件(20)组装的情况下，所述悬臂齿(13)形成用于将所述加强套筒布置在所述联结管(22)中的目的的锁定件或固定件，以除了弹性的柔性进一步阻止所述加强套筒从所述联结件分离。
3.根据权利要求2所述的组件，其中所述悬臂齿(13)中的至少一个包括在与所述联结件组装的情况下定向到所述联结管中的钩状构件(91)。
4.根据权利要求3所述的组件，其中所述联结件(20)的所述联结管(22)包括用于将所述钩状构件(91)容纳在其中的至少一个凹部(92)。
5.根据前述权利要求中至少一项所述的组件，其中所述联结管(22)在其内部中包括边缘(93)，在与所述联结件组装的情况下，所述加强套筒(1)抵靠所述边缘(93)支撑在所述联结管中。
6.根据前述权利要求中至少一项所述的组件，其中所述加强套筒(1)与所述联结件在所述联结件的生产过程中被组装。
7.根据前述权利要求中至少一项所述的组件，其中所述加强套筒(1)与所述联结件是能够在连接至管道的过程中被组装的单独的模块。
8.根据前述权利要求中至少一项所述的组件，其中所述加强套筒(1)的外形是锥形的或包括锥形部分(40)与圆筒形部分(42)，同时所述联结管(20)的内径(o2)在所述外端部在朝外的方向上增加。
9.根据前述权利要求中至少一项所述的组件，其中所述加强套筒由包括例如PVDF、POM、PPSU或类似材料的加强塑料或金属的材料层(3)形成。
10.根据前述权利要求中至少一项所述的组件，其外形包括锥形部分(40)与圆筒形部分(42)。
11.根据前述权利要求中至少一项所述的组件，其中至少所述加强套筒具有空竹(72、70、73)的形式。
12.根据前述权利要求中至少一项所述的组件，其中所述加强套筒的外表面被设置有浮雕结构，优选地设置有一个或多个凹进部分。
13.一种加强套筒，其为根据前述权利要求中至少一项所述的组件的加强套筒或用于根据前述权利要求中至少一项所述的所述组件。
14.根据权利要求13所述的加强套筒，所述加强套筒具有至少部分地锥形的外形。
15.根据权利要求13或14所述的加强套筒，所述加强套筒包括在轴向方向上穿过所述套筒延伸的连续的狭缝。
16.用于将管道的外端部焊接至根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的组件的方法，其中所述方法包括以下步骤：
将所述加强套筒(1)插入且放置在所述联结件(20)的所述联结管(22)的对应的内部空间中，使得所述加强套筒的轮廓基本上紧密地连接至所述联结管的内壁，
使用将被安排在所述管道中和/或在所述联结管的外端部上的例如焊接芯轴的加热装置来加热所述管道的外端部和/或加热所述联结件的所述联结管，
为了将所述管道的外端部熔合至所述联结件的所述联结管，将所述管道的外端部放置于所述联结件的在所述联结管(22)上方的所述插入空间中，且随后允许获得的熔合连接部的冷却，
其中在所述加热和所述插入中的至少一个的过程中，由于施加的热量和/或机械压力，所述联结管(22)的所述内壁塑性地变形，且
因此在所述加热和所述插入的所述至少一个的过程中，使所述加强套筒变形且更具体地说压缩所述加强套筒，且保持所述联结管的外端部与所述加强套筒对准，且具体地说保持所述联结管的锥形形状的外端部与所述加强套筒对准。
CN201480035699.3A 2013-04-22 2014-04-22 用于联结件的加强套筒，加强套筒和联结件的组件，将例如多层管道焊接至组件的方法 Expired - Fee Related CN105339717B (zh)

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