CN105339653A - 风能设备 - Google Patents

风能设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105339653A
CN105339653A CN201480036336.1A CN201480036336A CN105339653A CN 105339653 A CN105339653 A CN 105339653A CN 201480036336 A CN201480036336 A CN 201480036336A CN 105339653 A CN105339653 A CN 105339653A
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disc type
metal dish
resistance unit
adjustable resistor
adjustable resistance
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格尔德·贝伦斯
西蒙·施罗布斯多夫
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Wobben Properties GmbH
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Wobben Properties GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F03D80/60—Cooling or heating of wind motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/22—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus producing heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C1/00—Details
    • H01C1/08—Cooling, heating or ventilating arrangements
    • H01C1/084—Cooling, heating or ventilating arrangements using self-cooling, e.g. fins, heat sinks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/10—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
    • H01C7/12—Overvoltage protection resistors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/10—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Cooling System (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提出一种风能设备，所述风能设备设有：具有至少两个转子叶片(108)的转子(110)、发电机(200)和至少一个功率电子单元(300，400)，所述发电机直接地或间接地与转子(110)耦联并且产生电功率，所述功率电子单元设置为用于将输入电压与输入频率转换为输出电压与输出频率。功率电子单元(300，400)具有至少一个可调电阻单元(500)。可调电阻单元(500)具有至少一个具有压敏电阻的盘式可调电阻器(530)和至少一个金属盘(540)，所述金属盘与至少一个盘式可调电阻器(530)接触并且设置为用于冷却盘式可调电阻器(530)的冷却元件。

Description

风能设备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种风能设备。
背景技术
风能设备具有空气动力学的转子，所述转子典型地具有三个转子叶片，如果存在风，那么所述叶片使转子进行旋转运动。转子直接地或间接地与发电机耦联，当转子将发电机置于运动中时，所述发电机产生电功率。为此，在风能设备确定的运行状态中时，能够出现，电压峰值出现在发电机输出上。为了减少所述电压峰值的影响，过量的电能能够被转换为热量。这能够例如通过负载电阻进行。
在作为优先权的德国专利申请中，德国专利和商标局检索到下列文献：DE102008049630A1；DE102009004318A1和US2012/0025804A1。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的是，提出一种风能设备，所述风能设备能够将发电机所产生的过量的电功率有效地转换为热量。
该目的通过根据权利要求1所述的风能设备来实现。
因此，提出一种风能设备，所述风能设备具有：具有至少两个转子叶片的转子；发电机，所述发电机直接地或间接地与转子耦联并且产生电功率；和至少一个功率电子单元，所述功率电子单元设置为将输入电压与输入频率转换为输出电压与输出频率。功率电子单元具有至少一个可调电阻单元。可调电阻单元具有：至少一个具有压敏电阻的盘式可调电阻器和至少一个金属盘，所述金属盘与至少一个盘式可调电阻器接触并且设置为冷却元件，以冷却盘式可调电阻器。可调电阻单元能够具有压敏电阻。金属盘具有良好的导热性，使得所述金属盘能够良好地用于冷却盘式可调电阻器。
根据本发明的一个方面，至少一个可调电阻单元具有壳体并且壳体用浇注材料浇注，以便增加可调电阻单元的热容量。
根据该发明的另一个方面，多个可调电阻单元通过夹紧元件热耦联。
根据本发明的又一个方面，三个可调电阻单元三角形地电连接在一起，从而构成三相可调电阻单元。
根据本发明的又一个方面，用于可调电阻单元的连接导线在可调电阻单元的一侧上向外引导。
本发明涉及如下想法：在风能设备确定的运行状态中，例如在甩负荷的情况下，在发电机上能够出现电压峰值，所述电压峰值能够导致发电机上的电涌保护器以及其他构件的受损。为了减少这种在发电机上的电压峰值，根据本发明提出至少一个可调电阻单元。可调电阻单元能够例如设置在吊舱控制箱中。
本发明的其他设计方案是从属权利要求的主题。
附图说明
本发明的优点和实施例由下面的参考附图详细描述。
图1示出根据本发明的风能设备的示意图，
图2A示出根据第一实施例的可调电阻单元的示意图，
图2B示出根据第一实施例的可调电阻单元的另一示意图，和
图2C示出根据第一实施例的可调电阻单元的俯视图。
具体实施方式
图1示出根据本发明的风能设备的示意图。风能设备100具有塔102和吊舱104。在吊舱104上设置有转子106，所述转子具有三个转子叶片108和整流罩110。在运行时，转子106通过风处于旋转运动中，进而也(直接地或间接地)使在吊舱104中的发电机200的转子或电枢旋转。转子叶片108的迎角能够通过在各个转子叶片108的转子叶片根部上的变桨电动机来改变。
发电机200设置在吊舱104中。第一功率电子单元300能够设置在吊舱104中并且第二功率电子单元400能够设置在塔102的底部区域中。第一功率电子单元300能够例如是整流器。但替选于此地，第一功率电子单元也能够是吊舱控制箱或过滤单元。
第二功率电子单元400能够例如是逆变器。
第一功率电子单元和/或第二功率电子单元300、400能够具有至少一个根据本发明的可调电阻单元。
图2A示出根据第一实施例的可调电阻单元的示意图。根据第一实施例的可调电阻单元500能够设置在第一功率电子单元和/或第二功率电子单元300、400中并且用于将电功率转换为热量。
可调电阻单元500在其第一侧上具有绝缘体510、第一金属盘520、第一盘式可调电阻器530、第二金属盘540、第二盘式可调电阻器530、第三金属盘540和第四金属盘550。第四金属盘550也能够充当盖。因此，根据第一实施例，盘式可调电阻器530总是与至少一个金属盘、优选与两个金属盘接触，并且能够具有压敏电阻。第二金属盘和第三金属盘540具有大于盘式可调电阻器的厚度的厚度。第二金属盘和第三金属盘540优选由具有良好导热性的金属制造。优选地，第二金属盘和第三金属盘540的体积基本上大于盘式可调电阻器530的体积。第一金属盘、第二金属盘、第三金属盘和第四金属盘和盘式可调电阻器530能够例如借助杆590彼此固定，其中所述杆590在第一金属盘和第四金属盘520、550上被拧紧，其中所述盘式可调电阻器530以及所述第二金属盘和第三金属盘540于其间叠加地设置。
图2B示出根据第二实施例的可调电阻单元的另一示意图。除了图2A的图示之外，也至少部分地示出壳体501。所述壳体501能够例如构成为圆柱状的。将可调电阻单元安置在壳体内部，并且然后能够借助浇注材料浇注壳体501，这同样在增加热容量方面是有利的。
在图2B中同样示出连接导线570和可选的接线端子580。
图2C示出根据第一实施例的可调电阻单元的俯视图。在此，尤其示出第四金属盘550。
由于在第一功率电子单元300中使用根据第一实施例的可调电阻单元，能够限制在发电机输出端子上的高能电涌，所述可调电阻单元例如与发电机200的接线端子连接。尤其地，可调电阻单元的紧凑的构型是有利的，因为它能够由此被构造在已经存在的功率箱或功率电子单元中。
上面描述的可调电阻单元能够直接连接在有线电网上。
由于盘式可调电阻器530与金属盘540的耦联能够实现热耦联，使得由盘式可调电阻器530产生的热量能够转换到金属盘540上。因此，各个可调电阻单元500的热容量能够显著增大，使得也存在改善的散热。
由于根据本发明的可调电阻单元的使用，风能设备能够对例如甩负荷极快地作出反应。紧接在甩负荷之后，仍然产生的发电机电功率能够通过可调电阻单元被转换为热量。由于根据本发明的压敏电阻的使用，如下时间段(或在这个时间段中产生的电功率)能够被覆盖：在该时间段内转子叶片的迎角能够改变并且由发电机产生的功率能够降低。在由发电机产生的电功率能够降低的时间间隔内，能够使用根据本发明的可调电阻单元，以便将产生的功率至少暂时转换为热量。
根据本发明，金属盘构造成具有大的体积，所述金属盘与盘式可调电阻器接触，使得所述金属盘具有大的热容量，使得在盘式可调电阻器中产生的热量能够快速地传递到金属盘上。由于根据本发明的可调电阻单元的大的热容量，可调电阻单元也能够更快地再次被激活，因为盘式可调电阻器更快地冷却。
盘式可调电阻器具有压敏电阻。

Claims (6)

1.一种风能设备，具有：
具有至少两个转子叶片(108)的转子(110)，
发电机(200)，所述发电机直接地或间接地与所述转子(110)耦联并且产生电功率，和
至少一个功率电子单元(300，400)，所述功率电子单元用于将输入电压与输入频率转换为输出电压与输出频率，
其中所述功率电子单元(300，400)具有至少一个可调电阻单元(500)，
其中所述可调电阻单元(500)具有：
具有压敏电阻的至少一个盘式可调电阻器(530)，和
至少一个金属盘(540)，所述金属盘作为用于冷却盘式可调电阻器(530)的冷却元件与至少一个所述盘式可调电阻器(530)直接接触。
2.根据权利要求1所述的风能设备，其中
所述可调电阻单元(500)具有壳体(501)，所述壳体围绕至少一个所述盘式可调电阻器(530)和至少一个所述金属盘(540)，
其中所述壳体(501)借助浇注材料浇注，以增加热容量。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的风能设备，其中至少一个所述金属盘(540)的厚度大于所述盘式可调电阻器(530)的厚度。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的风能设备，
其中至少一个所述金属盘(540)的体积大于至少一个所述盘式可调电阻器(530)的体积。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的风能设备，其中三个可调电阻单元(500)三角形地电连接在一起，以便构成三相可调电阻单元。
6.一种风能设备-功率电子单元，具有：
至少一个可调电阻单元(500)、至少一个具有压敏电阻的盘式可调电阻器(530)和至少一个金属盘(540)，所述金属盘作为用于冷却所述盘式可调电阻器(530)的冷却元件与至少一个所述盘式可调电阻器(530)直接接触。
CN201480036336.1A 2013-06-24 2014-06-16 风能设备 Pending CN105339653A (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102013211898.8A DE102013211898A1 (de) 2013-06-24 2013-06-24 Windenergieanlage
DE102013211898.8 2013-06-24
PCT/EP2014/062531 WO2014206783A1 (de) 2013-06-24 2014-06-16 Windenergieanlage

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US (1) US20160163430A1 (zh)
EP (1) EP3014116B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP6129414B2 (zh)
KR (1) KR20160017087A (zh)
CN (1) CN105339653A (zh)
AR (1) AR096681A1 (zh)
AU (1) AU2014301407B2 (zh)
BR (1) BR112015032191A8 (zh)
CA (1) CA2915416C (zh)
CL (1) CL2015003688A1 (zh)
DE (1) DE102013211898A1 (zh)
DK (1) DK3014116T3 (zh)
ES (1) ES2726198T3 (zh)
MX (1) MX367894B (zh)
NZ (1) NZ715015A (zh)
PT (1) PT3014116T (zh)
RU (1) RU2633390C2 (zh)
TW (1) TWI529754B (zh)
WO (1) WO2014206783A1 (zh)
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RU2016101959A (ru) 2017-07-28
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EP3014116A1 (de) 2016-05-04
BR112015032191A2 (pt) 2017-07-25
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EP3014116B1 (de) 2019-03-06
BR112015032191A8 (pt) 2020-01-14
CA2915416A1 (en) 2014-12-31
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AU2014301407A1 (en) 2016-01-07
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RU2633390C2 (ru) 2017-10-12
DE102013211898A1 (de) 2014-12-24
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