CN105339439A - 用于制造在浓缩浆料中的纳米颗粒的方法 - Google Patents

用于制造在浓缩浆料中的纳米颗粒的方法 Download PDF

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CN105339439A
CN105339439A CN201480014689.1A CN201480014689A CN105339439A CN 105339439 A CN105339439 A CN 105339439A CN 201480014689 A CN201480014689 A CN 201480014689A CN 105339439 A CN105339439 A CN 105339439A
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M·斯内雷
A·沃彻夫
J·哈卡拉
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Abstract

本发明涉及制造在基于水性溶剂的浆料中的纳米颗粒的方法,所述方法通过在所述溶剂中,在30-75重量%的固体含量下,通过加入分散剂和通过在5-1000W/cm2的强度下对该浓缩浆料进行超声波处理来处理所述无机颗粒或其附聚物。由此获得均匀一致的颗粒浆料。

Description

用于制造在浓缩浆料中的纳米颗粒的方法
发明背景
发明领域
本发明涉及通过分散无机颗粒附聚物来制造在浓缩水性浆料中的纳米颗粒的方法。本发明还涉及使用所述方法获得的纳米颗粒浆料,以及所述浆料在涂料和粘合制剂中的用途。
相关技术的描述
纳米颗粒研究目前为科学强烈关注的领域,原因是其在生物医学、光学和电子领域中具有各种各样的潜在应用。特别是一直在发展其合成方法,以便努力克服例如其不受控聚集的问题。
例如,通过形成纳米PCC附聚物的浆料,随后进行混合/分散和脱水来制造纳米尺寸的沉淀碳酸钙(纳米PCC)。但是,纳米附聚物的解聚集具有局限性,为了获得低于1000nm的粒度需要高密集的能量。而且,解聚集一般在低的固体浓度中进行,但该方案需要更密集的能量且后处理的脱水阶段变得根据挑战性。
需要有改进的技术,因为该传统使用的方法得到的浆料仍包含未分散的附聚物,且根据该方法的混合需要过多的强度,原因是低效率的分散和存在的大量的水。而且,传统技术并不适用于尺寸小于700nm的浓缩颗粒。
US2012098163A1涉及的则是包含在聚合物基质中的纳米颗粒的纳米复合材料的制备。所述制备包括提高纳米颗粒的分散的混合阶段。
但是,将补充组分加到浆料会使其复杂且难以操作,其将导致不均匀。
EP0573150至少部分涉及处理与加入补充组分相关的一些问题。其公开了制备复合颗粒颜料材料的方法,所述方法包括形成两种颗粒材料的水性分散体,但是该方法仍会形成附聚物。
发明概述
本发明的一个目的在于提供用于制造均匀一致的纳米颗粒浆料的新方法。
具体而言,本发明的一个目的在于提供适用于制造浓缩的和均匀一致的纳米PCC的浆料的方法。
如在下文描述和要求保护的,通过本发明实现了这些和其他目的,以及相对于已知方法的优点,。
因此,本发明涉及制造在基于水性溶剂的浓缩浆料中的纳米颗粒的方法,所述方法包括将无机颗粒附聚物在所述水性溶剂中有效分散。
更详细地讲,本发明方法的特征在于权利要求1特征部分中的陈述。
通过本发明获得相当多的优点。因此,本发明引入可以在水性浆料中均匀和有效分散的纳米颗粒。
由于该新技术,纳米颗粒的含量(即其在浆料中的浓度)在分散阶段期间可以较高,因此提供加工(通过超声)具有高固体含量、即与现有技术相比更少量的水的浆料的可能性。
该获得的含分散颗粒的浆料可用于制造即使在这些材料的高固载量下仍具有优异的光学、机械和流变性能(例如高光泽、耐用和硬度以及耐擦洗和耐刮擦)的最终产品,例如涂料和胶粘剂。
而且,获得的浆料可以干燥(例如使用喷雾干燥机)且之后用于制造最终产品,例如塑料、橡胶、涂层和粘合剂。
接下来,将参考附图和详细的说明书更严密地描述本发明。
附图简述
图1阐述了在40-50重量%的固体含量范围中,将碳酸钙附聚物分散成纳米颗粒所需的强度。
图2阐述了亮光漆的60°光泽度与PVC含量的函数关系。
图3阐述了亚光漆的60°光泽度与PVC含量的函数关系。
图4阐述了具有变化量的纳米PCC的粘合剂和常规粘合剂的拉伸强度。
本发明实施方案的描述
本发明涉及使用基于水性溶剂的浆料来制造纳米颗粒的方法。在该方法中,将无机颗粒附聚物分散成均匀一致的浆料。具体而言,在所述水性溶剂中,在30-75重量%的固体含量下,通过加入分散剂和通过在5-1000W/cm2的强度下对该浓缩浆料进行超声波处理来处理所述无机颗粒或其附聚物。因此,所述分散处理是对浓缩浆料进行的处理。
使用的强度优选为10-500W/cm2。上限由当前超声波设备的极限值来确定,然而业已发现强度低于5W/cm2会留下一些不分散的附聚物。最终分散的纳米颗粒的粒度取决于所使用的超声波处理的能量。由此获得含具有<1.5μm的粒径、优选50-500nm的平均粒径、更合适的是低于200nm的平均粒径的分散纳米颗粒的浆料。
本发明的分散处理期间的条件优选接近环境条件,特别优选的温度为0-95℃,且特别优选的压力为0.5-50巴,取决于所使用的强度。
纳米颗粒可以由各种无机化合物、特别是从矿物来源得到的那些无机化合物来形成。例子包括碳酸钙、硅酸盐或衍生自粘土或云母的其他矿物的颗粒,优选碳酸钙,更优选沉淀碳酸钙或重质碳酸钙(PCC或GCC),且最合适的是PCC。这些材料可以包含微量的有机化合物,它们同样可以转化成在本发明中使用的纳米颗粒。由于这些有机化合物的含量可忽略不计,所以所述纳米颗粒材料仍称作无机材料。一般,这些化合物在水性溶剂中形成附聚物。
术语“纳米颗粒”意在包括具有小于1μm的平均粒径的任何颗粒。在上下文中,优选50-200nm的粒径。
这些纳米颗粒一般通过分散所述附聚物,以在浆料中将这些附聚物分离成更小的颗粒来获得。根据本发明,在处理期间,即在任何稀释之前,所述浆料包含占其重量的30-75重量%、优选45-65重量%且最合适的是45-55重量%的分散的无机纳米颗粒。
本发明提供的浆料稳定且不沉淀。就本发明而言,不沉淀是指分散在浆料中的颗粒不从浆料沉降出来。通常少于20%或更少的颗粒、优选10%或更少的颗粒发生沉降。
所述浆料意在包含使用基于水和任选地一种或多种共溶剂(无机或有机溶剂)的溶剂或溶液所形成的任何水性分散体或混合物。
所述浆料优选包含添加剂,最重要的添加剂为分散剂。但是,添加剂还可以包含常规的粘合剂。
使用分散剂来促进纳米颗粒完全分散成一致均匀的浆料。所述分散剂可选自表面活性聚合物,例如聚羧酸酯、聚丙烯酸酯、聚醚和脂肪酸衍生物或其混合物。其含量一般保持在0.1-8重量%、优选2-4重量%的水平。所述分散剂的含量与浆料的干燥物质的含量间接成比例,即浆料的干燥物质含量越高,需要越低量的分散剂来稳定浆料并避免再聚集和偏析。
可以将所述分散剂在本发明的处理期间原位加到浆料中,或在处理之前异位(off-site)加入,即加到附聚物中。
另外,可以在超声波分散处理之后进行任选的干燥步骤,这样以便提供具有75-100重量%、优选接近100重量%(由于并非可将所有的水从颗粒中除去,因此存在一定的局限性)的干燥物质含量的纳米颗粒。
最终(可能稀释)的浆料或其干燥颗粒可被用以例如制备用于任何固体基材的涂层或制备纸涂层,例如通过将浆料与任选的其他涂层组分混合以形成涂料混合物,并将所述涂料混合物施用到基材或纸的表面上。其他涂料组分包括一种或多种选自粘合剂、分散剂、润湿剂、消泡剂、粘度调节剂和聚结剂(成膜剂)的试剂。
以上描述的涂料可以施用到任何表面上,所述表面一般为固体产品的表面,例如混凝土、塑料、玻璃或纤维状表面。但是,优先在纤维状固体产品(例如纸、木头或家俱(furniture))上使用这些涂料。所述涂料优选作为均一涂层施用到所述产品的至少一个表面上,其中涂层将覆盖整个表面。在施用后,优选实施干燥步骤以除去溶剂或至少除去过量的溶剂。
作为替代,最终(可能稀释)的浆料或其干燥的颗粒可被用以例如制备粘合剂、塑料、橡胶、石膏、灰浆、混凝土或药用或医用产品。
以下非限制的实施例只意在阐述本发明的实施方案所获得的优点。
实施例
实施例1
从碳酸盐化的成套设备获得PCC附聚物(d50%=5μm)的水性浆料,所述附聚物包含40-50重量%的纳米尺寸碳酸钙。将3重量%的聚丙烯酸酯分散剂加到附聚物浆料,将所得浆料经受具有50-300W/cm2强度的相同特定能量输入的超声波处理。图1的结果显示具有平均粒度低于200nm的稳定的和分散的纳米颗粒浆料。
实施例2
该实施例的目的在于举例说明纳米尺寸碳酸钙的分散浆料和超细GCC的分散浆料之间的差别。以光亮漆制剂进行涂布。在参考点处(PVC(颜料体积浓度)18%),二氧化钛只充当颜料。在整个测试中二氧化钛的量保持不变,而粘合剂和纳米PCC或超细GCC的量为变量。在参考点之后,通过纳米PCC或超细GCC提高PVC。
物质测试:
1.超细GCC,平均尺寸0.7μm
2.分散的纳米碳酸钙,平均尺寸200nm
结果在图2中显示。从该图可以发现,随着PVC提高,纳米尺寸碳酸钙涂层的光泽保持大于20%,而具有超细GCC的光泽快速降到低于20%。这是由于具有纳米尺寸颗粒的涂层表面保持更平滑,因此它们比具有超细GCC的涂层表面散射更少的光。
实施例3
在该实施例中使用实施例2的相同方法,不同之处在于以亚光型涂料制剂进行涂布。结果在图3中显示。从这些结果可见,即使在非常高的PVC水平下,60°光泽仍保持相当高。
实施例4
该实施例的目的在于展示涂层和粘合剂的拉伸强度。拉伸强度描述了粘合到基材和聚合物/填料基质的内聚力两者。这通过在两个木块之间施用粘合剂(表1),并测量分离它们所需的强度的量来进行。在对照粘合剂中使用超细GCC。粘合剂A和B通过将一定量的不含超细GCC的对照粘合剂与分散的纳米尺寸碳酸钙浆料混合来制造。
表1
对照 A B
水(重量%) 37.3% 50.2% 51.2%
CaCO3(重量%) 18% 19.9% 24.4%
粘合剂+添加剂(重量%) 44.7% 29.9% 24.4%
如表1和图4的结果所示,粘合剂A和B包含比对照粘合剂多得多的水和较少的粘合剂。但是,粘合剂B的拉伸强度和伸长率得到保持或甚至提高。
本专利不限于上述的实施例。粒径的范围受所使用的特定能量输入的影响。另外,光泽的水平和机械性能具有应用上的特定性,并不受实施例的限制。

Claims (16)

1.通过分散无机颗粒附聚物来制造在基于水性溶剂的浆料中的纳米颗粒的方法,其特征在于:在所述水性溶剂中,在30-75重量%的固体含量下,加入分散剂,并在5-1000W/cm2的强度下对所述浓缩浆料进行超声波处理,来处理所述无机颗粒或其附聚物,由此获得稳定和分散的浓缩浆料。
2.权利要求1的方法,其特征在于:使用碳酸钙、硅酸盐或衍生自粘土或云母的其他矿物的颗粒作为无机颗粒,优选碳酸钙,更优选重质碳酸钙或沉淀碳酸钙(GCC或PCC),最合适的是PCC。
3.权利要求1或2的方法,其特征在于:使用任选与一种或多种共溶剂混合的水作为所述水性溶剂,所述共溶剂为无机或有机溶剂。
4.前述权利要求中任一项的方法,其特征在于:在所述水性溶剂中,在45-65重量%的固体含量下处理所述无机颗粒或其附聚物。
5.前述权利要求中任一项的方法,其特征在于:加入一种或多种选自例如聚羧酸酯、聚丙烯酸酯、聚醚和脂肪酸衍生物或其混合物的表面活性聚合物的分散剂。
6.前述权利要求中任一项的方法,其特征在于:在10-500W/cm2的强度下对所述浓缩浆料进行超声波处理。
7.前述权利要求中任一项的方法,其特征在于:在所述处理期间保持所述条件接近环境条件,特别优选的温度为0-95℃,且特别优选的压力为0.5-50巴。
8.无机颗粒在水性溶剂中的浆料,其特征在于:所述浆料包含具有约200nm的平均粒径的分散纳米颗粒。
9.权利要求8的浆料,其特征在于:所述浆料使用权利要求1-7中任一项的方法来形成。
10.任选为干燥形式的权利要求8或9的浆料或根据权利要求1-7中任一项所制造的浆料作为在基材上的涂层的用途。
11.权利要求10的用途,其中所述基材为固体产品,例如混凝土、塑料、玻璃或纤维状产品,所述纤维状产品优先选自纸、木头或家俱。
12.权利要求10或11的用途,其中所述基材为纸或板基材。
13.权利要求10-12中任一项的用途,其中在施用到所述基材上之前,使用一种或多种选自粘合剂、分散剂、润湿剂、消泡剂、粘度调节剂和成膜剂的试剂来形成涂料混合物。
14.权利要求10-14中任一项的用途,其中使用刮膜机将所述浆料、所述干燥颗粒或所述涂料混合物施用到所述基材的表面上。
15.权利要求10-15中任一项的用途,其中在将所述浆料、所述干燥颗粒或所述涂料混合物施用到所述基材的表面上之后进行干燥步骤。
16.任选以干燥形式使用的权利要求8或9的浆料或根据权利要求1-7中任一项制造的浆料在胶粘剂、塑料、橡胶、石膏、灰浆、混凝土或药用或医用产品中的用途。
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