CN1053289A

CN1053289A - The method and apparatus of burning blanks in continuous passage

Info

Publication number: CN1053289A
Application number: CN90110437A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 霍斯特·J·法斯特
Original assignee: Ucar Carbon Technology Corp
Current assignee: Graftech Technology LLC
Priority date: 1989-12-15
Filing date: 1990-12-15
Publication date: 1991-07-24
Also published as: KR920701075A; PL288302A1; WO1991008991A1; CA2049061A1; AU7036891A; JPH04505443A; BR9007121A; EP0463131A1

Abstract

Electrode blank on same axis successively by a roasting section, and hot fuel gas flow around under carry out roasting.This hot fuel gas flow is regulated partly along the roasting section.Actual value and ideal value from this flow regulation, can derive one and be used for the controlled quentity controlled variable that fuel is supplied with, this fuel and fresh hot combustion gas one are used from the hot combustion gas that heating is carried in pipeline, be accompanied by multiple burning of firing the additive of component, in fresh hot combustion gas, will produce the stoichiometric(al) that does not comprise harmful oxygen.

Description

The method and apparatus of burning blanks in continuous passage

The present invention relates to a kind of in continuous passage the method for burning blanks.In the method, described continuous passage has a roasting part; The hot fuel gas flow of general basic oxygen-free gas centers on the preform flows of being fired; This air-flow is as the function of temperature of combustion, and supplies with the roasting part in quantitative mode.Then it as used heat combustion gas return heating arrangement, and along with the burning of the flammable additive that partially absorbs in roasting, simultaneously, also be accompanied by air and fuel infeeds the heat that is produced.Form the fresh hot combustion gas of basic anaerobic then gradually, the air supplied with of being used for burning is adjusted to the minimum ideal value of a stoichiometric(al) as the function of the oxygen content of fresh hot combustion gas; Fresh then hot combustion gas is re-supplied to the roasting part, and the flow of hot combustion gas is through described section, the function of the hot gas temperature in each section carries out sectional-regulated, and this is according to predetermined ideal value and uses a kind of equipment of described method to regulate.

Term " blank " is meant the electrode blank of planning as graphitization processing specially at this.It comprises the carbon with forms such as oil coke, smelter coke, graphite, and a kind of bonding agent.This bonding agent, for example resin can volatilize under the situation of heating, and the component of its volatile matter is flammable.

Applying for, but in the also undocumented No. 89104505 Chinese patent application cases, these class methods are being described.

During this method was carried out, when hot combustion gas centered on preform flows, the component (as resin, additive) of absorption volatilization additive was then burning in the heating process once more, and heating can fuel savings again.The pollution of environment has reduced, because the used heat combustion gas can not have the treated atmosphere that just enters.

The supply of fuel can Be Controlled as the function of fresh hot gas temperature.But this just needs to supply with excessive energy, to guarantee in all processes the demand to energy all the time.

In order to reach perfectly uniformly a roasting and a combustion process, and save and use fuel, the objective of the invention is, improve demand the fuel supply.

This purpose is achieved in that promptly, is used for the actual value of process consumption of adjustment of local flow and ideal value and another links the manipulated variable that the fuel supply forms.

Thereby fuel feed can be controlled definite demand of energy according to fire the zone from each, and this demand is represented by temperature.Such control does not need a large amount of extra costs just can make the fuel supply reach the optimum condition of desiring to reach.

Only need to provide actual value and ideal value at this, for the control of part, these values all exist in any situation, deliver to a center calculation device, and they are linked together accordingly.Then, the controlled quentity controlled variable that is produced just is provided for a control assembly or a controller that is used for the fuel supply.This link or make up by this way reasonably produce, that is,, can from the temperature that records and hot gas flow, calculate waning or remaining of its energy for each roasting zone.And the supply of fuel is to wane or remain and adjust according to the energy in different roastings zone being waned or remaining gross energy that addition get, and working as energy in this way has residue, just reduces the supply of fuel, and when energy wanes, then increases the supply of fuel.

Computing machine can be used for being convenient to the mode operating and control with other, actual value with the process aequum, ideal value and/or other measured value concentrate to be stored, and the sign and/or the controlled quentity controlled variable of that provided a kind of represented to revise, that change, trend factor with process or expression failure factor have been provided.

The actual value of each selection, ideal value or measured value or these values whole can concentrate and store and handle.The sign that provides or show it can is tabular form, but preferably provide a displayed map of following that is used for finishing the equipment of this method.Problematic data show at the fly-over junction place of the figure of this equipment.

Such central computer also can be used for formulating the ideal value centralized control to the process aequum in advance in detail.At this moment, such a kind of centralized control under the situation that might be arranged on the special location of controls, can provide one with its part control side by side.

In order to protect blank, importantly under any circumstance make fresh hot combustion gas not contain oxygen.Because the supply of the air in sintering procedure is regulated according to stoichiometric(al).If the used heat combustion gas of discharging has inflammable constituent, for example bonding composition, burning not only occurs in the original flame zone of being supplied with fuel by the outside so, but also is extended to the zone outside this flame zone, and the combustible that forms in big combustion zone, the remaining hot combustion gas is burnt in this district.

In order to keep this large-scale combustion district, need oxygen and keep a specific minimum temperature.This can realize by a shell or insulation.

A kind of if desired one side is perfect combustion and be the fresh hot combustion gas of anaerobic on the other hand, and key is to determine the condition of burning and carrying out so.

The feature of a best solution of this problem is, the fuel of being supplied with, and the complete desirable burning that is included in the fresh hot combustion gas of the combustible that has in the old hot combustion gas and anaerobic is controlled.The feature of next is that it is to carry out according to the predetermined mode of the stoichiometric(al) of supplying with for the fuel in the new flame zone of heating usefulness that first air is supplied with part.The 3rd feature be, it is that function as oxygen content in the hot combustion gas and/or imperfect combustion carbide content carries out that second air is supplied with part.Wherein said oxygen content or imperfect combustion carbon compound content in the large-scale combustion district is along with new flame zone directly forms.

Control as the function of oxygen measurement value if second air is supplied with part, so advantageously, oxygen level surpasses under the situation of a predetermined permissible value (preferably 0.3%) in new hot combustion gas, and second air is supplied with part and just reduced.

Replace it or in addition, for same purpose, oxygen can be supplied with in the hot combustion gas that extends to flame zone, to burn unnecessary oxygen.

If second air is supplied with part to be controlled as the function of imperfect combustion carbon compound content, the carbon monoxide content that so best is in fresh hot combustion gas is fallen the situation that is lower than a predetermined permissible value that makes, divide predetermined permissible value preferably 0.1% for reducing by the second air supply unit.

Might have the oxygen content of dependence and carbon monoxide content to combine with these two, it has best character, and can to obtain a kind of be oxygen-free gas, also carbon-free fresh hot combustion gas, and this oxygen is reasonably supplied with the form of fresh air.

The sustainable supply of necessity of oxygen or fresh air makes that hot combustion gas is excessive, therefore must excessive hot gas emission atmosphere in addition equilibrium.But this discharging should be protected environment to greatest extent; because this point; the present invention just obtains further development; feature of the present invention is that hot burning line is the form sealing to pressurize airtight to external world mutually, and continual driving; and; the hot combustion gas of fresh portion enters atmosphere, and the function of the fresh hot gas pressure that measures as a pressure measurement point regulates, and described pressure measurement point provides the reliable value of the maximum pressure in the hot gasline outside calciner.

The hot combustion gas that enters atmosphere can be filtered in a filtrator, or purifies in a firing chamber or reactor, to avoid the unnecessary pollution of atmosphere.

By discharging fresh hot combustion gas, can obtain the compensation or the balance of needs, and the fresh hot combustion gas that is discharged is owing to being burn processing, so no longer contain any refuse that diminishes environment.

Have only when containing the oxygen described in the oxygen air to contact, just produce illeffects with blank.Yet, if, just can not have these oxygen, because before it might endanger blank, just in combustion process thereafter, burn containing the used heat combustion gas that the airborne oxygen infiltration of oxygen is returned.

For this purpose, might determine such point, when operation was carried out, this point had a minimum pressure in critical zone, and how high this critical minimum pressure that the pressure of also having determined simultaneously to be measured in hot fuel gas flow all must not be lower than have.What replace it also can be that additional pressure survey is provided at this key point place, and handles their controlled quentity controlled variables that heat combustion flow goes out of when determining in correspondence.

In order to prevent that blank from carrying out undesirable the contact with oxygen, preferably hinder air outside and enter fresh hot combustion gas neutralization and enter in the heat combustion flow of blank.In hot combustion gas, carry out pressure at heat combustion flow or in the line section at the air-flow place of fuel element and regulate minimum superpressure 0.5 to 20mmw.g(millimeter river gage), preferably keep 5mmw.g.

Thus, the ratio that is blown into the fresh hot combustion gas in the atmosphere preferably is adjusted as the function around the pressure of the heat combustion flow upstream end of preform flows.Experience shows that this pressure provides reliable information for the minimum pressure that produces in critical area.If the pressure around the air-flow upstream end of blank remains on the predetermined value, so, can be certainly airshed by critical area on any point, do not have and be lower than desirable minimum superpressure.

For fear of the exhaust emission environment, be preferably in hot combustion gas flow back into heating arrangement around the pipeline of preform flows or waste hot gas from the roasting pipe line section and keep-0.5 to-20mmw.g(negative pressure preferably-5mmw.g), to prevent any used heat gas leakage.

These two problems, promptly one is not allow oxygen to contact with blank, and another is not allow any refuse is entered atmosphere, and they are equal, in some cases, they all are resolved in the mode of the best.Therefore, answer emphasis to consider that oxygen can not contact this problem with blank.

On the length of roasting section, wish to keep a predetermined thermograde on the blank that centers on by hot combustion gas.This thermograde can produce the ideal value that depends on temperature by being flowing on the section on the predetermined basis.Therefore, each roasting zone preferably is interconnected.

Further drawing deeply of this problem is to keep a predetermined thermograde along the length of roasting section with simple mode and accurate form.

This problem is to solve like this,, along the length distribution of roasting section the fresh hot fuel gas flow of several plumes to the blank is arranged that is, and each all is adjustable for the flow of these hot fuel gas flows; Along on the length of roasting section, the outlet of a used heat burning line is all arranged between two adjacent inflow points in each case, the flow of this outlet is adjustable; The flow of these fresh hot fuel gas flows is adjusted as the function of temperature, and this temperature is to measure in the hot fuel gas flow of hot fuel gas supply pipeline open side at blank

The measurement point that is arranged on the temperature measuring equipment on blank opposite guarantees the direct temperature effect of the fresh hot combustion gas that the temperature of this measurement point is not flowed into, rather than only measures the mean value that each fires the temperature that produces in the section.

The zone of firing like this there is no need to extend to following two adjacent vent lines.But in fact, can extend fartherly, wherein, one or another vent line cut off, and perhaps one or another supply line have been supplied with king-sized fresh hot gas quantity, and this hot gas quantity is influential on the adjacent airflow direction of firing section.

Control the ideal value of the influx of fresh hot combustion gas with controller, can be determined by empirical value, this empirical value is the thermograde that is used to keep required.Perhaps this ideal value can be carried out continuous re-adjustments by central computer.Preferably offer the outlet or the exhausr port of pipeline, this line valve just is adjusted to empirical value from beginning, then, does not need further adjusting.Another kind of situation, a side of outflow can be regulated with stationary device, and in a side that flows into, and last outflow and inflow side can regulate with the method for combination, therefore, needs the control of an interconnection system, otherwise be easy to take place the mistake of excessive adjusting.

The present invention also relates to the equipment of a burning blanks in continuous passage, it has: an elongated adiabatic roasting pipe, with a feed gate and the discharge gate at an end of roasting pipe that is positioned at roasting Guan Yiduan, they are used for entering of blank and discharge subsequently; Have the hot fuel gas supply pipeline of some length distribution along the roasting pipe, and import described roasting pipe, adjustable valve of telling from hot combustion gas aggregate supply pipeline is housed on these pipelines; Also have the hot combustion gas vent line of some length distribution along the roasting pipe, this roasting pipeline leads to a total vent line of hot combustion gas; Also have a burner, this burner has a large-scale combustion chamber, and this chamber is communicated with the total vent line of hot combustion gas; Also have a fuel feed pipe line that is used for burner, this burner is equipped with a valve.

In order to use method of the present invention, this equipment is characterised in that to have control device, and this control device is communicated with valve on the fuel feed pipe line, and it is controlled; Have some temperature sensors, its each all be communicated with one of described valve on the hot fuel gas supply pipeline, and it is controlled, these temperature sensors are positioned at the roasting pipe, and separately near relative hot fuel gas supply pipeline; Said temperature sensor is also controlled described control device.

In roasting process, particularly,, become flow of liquid and go out blank, and drip downwards as cementing agent or analog at the adjuvant of starting stage, the firing chamber is polluted, or, firing chamber's environment is polluted by hot combustion gas evaporation.

The present invention improves to some extent to this problem, can avoid, and is at least to reduce during roasting, because the pollution that adjuvant such as bonding agent or analog outflow cause.

According to the present invention, this problem is to solve like this, that is, the upstream end in the firing chamber is provided with an airtight chamber that preheats, and this chamber is communicated with the supply line and the vent line of hot combustion gas; In preheating the chamber, be provided with a supporting and comb, be used to support blank; Below supporting is combed and preheating in the chamber, be provided with a collection container, be used to collect the adjuvant or the similar sediment that are dripping or dropping down.

The phase one of roasting process carries out in preheating the chamber, and wherein, adjuvant becomes liquid, flows out blank.Blank is to determine like this in the temperature that preheats the chamber and hold-up time, that is, should make sediment all, most of at least blank that in preheating the chamber, flows out.In general, it is very low from the beginning to preheat room temperature, and therefore, adjuvant is to drip from blank substantially, can not be evaporated.Be connected because collection container is combed with supporting, the liquid precipitation thing that drips can collect, and also avoids loss.

The adjuvant of having collected can be discharged into from collection container in the mode that fluid flows and preheat outside the chamber, needs this moment suitably to heat according to the temperature of adjuvant.Yet, the adjuvant of having collected also can be discharged in a kind of fairly simple mode and preheat outside the chamber, promptly, collection container is made can be from preheating the drawer form that outdoor face is changed, to change the mode of drawer or collection container, the adjuvant of having collected is discharged into preheats outside the chamber.

In the firing chamber, flow out owing to still have in the adjuvant that can not be ignored on value form with liquid from the blank, drip to the bottom of firing chamber, therefore, be preferably in the outflow channel that the bottom, firing chamber is provided with a sediment use for liquid, this passage and external communications also can be closed.Like this, these sediments that are made of adjuvant just can be discharged into the outside and the firing chamber do not polluted, and particularly, therefore the volatilizable component of discharging in the thermotropism combustion gas can not cause extra pollution to hot combustion gas yet.

In the firing chamber is under the situation of elongated roasting pipe, blank is forced in and passes the roasting pipe on the same axis in succession with connecting, such liquid precipitation owner will result from the passage upstream portion of roasting pipe, and therefore, the outflow channel of collecting precipitation thing is preferably disposed on this place bottom the roasting pipe.

Preferably be provided with one and be used to heat the device that supporting is combed, not only can guarantee not adhere on it sediment because the supporting of heating is combed, and can begin to heat from the bottom, and help blank to dry the blank on it.

The comb device of the best related blank that is used to overturn of supporting is so that the different peripheral region faced downwards of blank can make the liquid precipitation thing drip at an easy rate like this.

Under many circumstances, handled blank may be the garden cylindricality.At this moment, the upset blank is preferably by a kind of so simple, do not need the structure of overturning drive device to realize, it is characterized in that, supporting is combed vertically tilting, some blanks are horizontal successively on supporting is combed in the mode that axially is parallel to each other, and roll thereon, and formed rolling length equals blank garden Zhou Zhouchang at least.

Feed also can transmit at an easy rate by this way, and even dry body spare in turn forms a line on supporting is combed one by one in the mode of axially parallel, if a blank in front is removed, the blank of back must oneself roll forward so.When suitable long of this segment distance, make each blank whole circle that all rolls at least, thereby the entire circumference of blank can drip-dry.

Supporting is combed and to be had a kind of simple optimised form, and it is tilting with heatable, it is characterized in that supporting comb by elongated, parallel interval, juxtaposed comb pipe constitutes, these pipes of combing, when the supporting comb is tilting, extends along this tilting direction, and can be connected with hot burning line.

Under the general situation, blank must be sent into the firing chamber one by one successively.Required spacing can moved under the situation reliably, in using simple equipment, in the lower end that tilting supporting is combed, be provided with a separation vessel that is used for blank, this separation vessel is made of two the same bucket wheels of size, these two bucket wheels direction with respect to the material spoon is identical, and its parallel axes is in the axis of blank, and each material spoon can both be placed a blank; A drive unit that is used for bucket wheel, this drive unit promotes bucket wheel to each detachment process and the cycle of bucket wheel with a material spoon, like this, and when top blank is pushed and break away from constraint, the blank that the next one is closelyed follow stops in next one material spoon, and supports all thereafter blanks.According to structure of the present invention, can be particularly suitable for being used in garden cylindricality blank.

Under many circumstances, be an elongated roasting pipe to the firing chamber particularly, blank passes through from the roasting pipe in the mode of lining up successively along coaxial cable, and desirable blank is directed to be exactly: in preheating the chamber, use the form of giving the hot cell of inserting, preferably come directed with the structure of roasting form of tubes; Be inserted into the firing chamber from described orienting station, this can realize the location very simply.At the leading section that supporting is combed, for treating that into locational blank is provided with a substrate, this substrate is located described blank with the firing chamber, and makes a slipping plane extend to the firing chamber continuously; A drivable base bar that pushes away that is used with substrate is set, under the effect of this bar, is positioned at and treats that the blank that carry is put can insert the firing chamber along slipping plane, make any one blank simultaneously or along the blank of the same axis queuing blank length of advancing.

For the firing chamber is under the situation of an elongated roasting pipe, and blank, pushes away the base bar and preferably works in the mode of stepping, to avoid adhesion friction from wherein passing through in the mode of lining up successively along common axis line.On the other hand, blank is in order to reach uniform technological process by the uniform channel of roasting pipe, thereby push away the base bar and preferably push ahead with uniform little span, and each span all matches with a length section of the stroke of whole blanks, like this, for 1 meter long blank, need 1 to 200 span.Push away the base bar and only need a less power stroke, preferably handle by the hydraulic linear motor.

It is the same with the firing chamber to preheat the chamber, preferably seals in airtight mode, like this, can not infiltrate undesirable air from the outside on the one hand, because if air infiltrates, it may become the main cause that harmful oxygen content increases in the hot combustion gas; Do not have heat combustion flow on the other hand to outside, because, so just may cause energy loss, also cause environmental pollution because of the evaporation additive that is absorbed in the hot combustion gas.Thereby the chamber of preheating preferably has an entrance gate, or has an airtight filling member that is used for each blank.

Preferably there is a hot gas emission pipe to be communicated with, can discharges with the redundance that preheats the hot combustion gas of chamber so that supply with the firing chamber with atmosphere.The contained flammable composition of additive is burnt before this in this part hot combustion gas.Therefore can not cause unnecessary pollution to environment.In this case, heating tube preferably constitutes the comb pipe that supporting is combed, and the arm that these blanks separate is connected with said hot combustion gas vent pipe.

Like this, just can utilize the heat of this part hot combustion gas that loses, make the hot combustion gas of outflow not have dirt simultaneously again, because this part hot combustion gas is only flowed in pipeline, not contact, thereby also just can not absorb any dirt that from blank, is evaporated with blank.

The problem of another embodiment of the present invention is, constitute a kind of roasting pipe of the above-mentioned type, this roasting pipe has used the single flow of a hot combustion gas when single temperature, with the mode of economy with different predetermined temperatures can be acted on the blank that is arranged in this section in predetermined segment.

The feature of this embodiment is, have higher firing temperature the roasting pipe fire section, section ratio has the low interior cross section of firing section of firing temperature and wants big in it.

Fire in the section having than each of imperial palace cross section, advantageously it has a gap bigger, that hot combustion gas can be flow through.This helps producing a stronger heating efficiency in the section in such firing, and each heating of firing section can be in the mode of economy, and branch comes out from one fresh heat combustion flow shared, that have single temperature.

Similarly, whole the fire section relevant with different sections can have different interior cross sections, and interior cross section big more fire section, its firing temperature is also just high more, therefore, and for high more firing temperature, also just have big more, the interior cross section of the flowable hollow of hot combustion gas.

Consider that from the structural strength aspect roasting pipe preferably has the sleeve wall of a steel, is distributed with some vertical buttress braces on the outside surface of this sleeve wall, it is preferably channel-section.This buttress brace is at the longitudinal extension of roasting pipe, and weldering thereon, between two adjacent vertical buttress braces, be welded with the connecting band that extends along roasting pipe tangential direction, be positioned at several such connecting bands are arranged on the same surface level of roasting pipe, they constitute a closed-loop around the roasting pipe, are distributed with several such rings on the length of roasting pipe.

In a roasting section with lower temperature, generally has an outer shell that constitutes by thermal insulation material to avoid unnecessary heat dissipation; A roasting pipe that preferably is made of the steel bushing barrel has constituted the slipping plane of portion within it.

Yet, having the firing in the section of higher temperature,, except optional external thermal insulation, preferably being provided with a liner that constitutes by thermal insulation material for the purpose of thermal insulation, the inside surface of this liner is place, limit or claim fan-shaped supporting place to constitute slipping plane in next week.

Such liner must be finished different functions, and at first, it must constitute a slipping plane, and it is used for blank slidably by the roasting pipe, and this slipping plane must be hard, wear-resisting.Secondly, this liner must constitute a heat insulation layer, and its size must have enough stability, and it must be by the made of cheapness.

This problem can be solved by the type that further develops of the present invention, it is characterized in that, the innermost layer that constitutes slipping plane is made by the thermal insulation material harder than the other parts of liner.

According to above-mentioned development-oriented further one development-orientedly be, the feature of described innermost layer has been used cheap material, another feature is to have favourable insulation effect and intensity effect, the peripheral part or the fan-shaped supporting part that wherein constitute the liner slipping plane are thick more a lot of than the fan-shaped part of the upper periphery of liner, and thick at least 10%.

At this, the limit part preferably roughly extends beyond half of whole periphery in next week, and arbitrary shape of cross section of inside surface all is the U-shaped of enlarging, and the shape of the inside surface of liner remainder on arbitrary xsect all is the garden arc.

If only than the very little greatly number percent of radius of blank, blank almost enters slipping plane to the radius of slipping plane in accordance with regulations so, this slipping plane causes the distribution of a desirable slip load.As the function of the material that is acted on, not every situation all is best.In many cases, reasonablely be, the radius of the radius ratio blank of slipping plane is a lot of greatly, like this, between slipping plane and blank, and both sides, can have one narrow, the selenodont gap.Thereby hot combustion gas also can flow into this gap, and from following heating blank.In addition, in some cases, also wish by external vibrating device vibration blank, so that the dirt particle on it comes off.This is favourable to the situation that a quite large diameter slipping plane is arranged.

Because blank needs supporting, small amount of hot air stream flows around the bottom, that is to say that blank is to be supported in the fan-shaped part of remaining periphery.Usually this is not really shortcoming, because blank will be subjected to heating completely.Yet under those unfavorable situations, just an assisted heating device that can be provided with below the peripheral fan-shaped part of roasting pipe compensates.

Such assisted heating device can be an electric heater, also can be by some wherein stream the pipeline or the jet pipe of roasting medium such as hot combustion gas are arranged.Such jet pipe for example can be arranged in the liner, and liner can be connected to gap location, and thus, the hot combustion gas of flowing through jet pipe also can be flow through liner, and perhaps, hot combustion gas can be through a liner, and through separately supplying with and detachable associated line.

In certain environment, condensation product or liquid such as cementing agent etc., flow out blank, accumulate in the bottom of roasting pipe.It is harmful to this place.Because it may be absorbed by hot fuel gas flow, and causes unnecessary pollution to the roasting pipe.At least one outflow channel of guiding downwards is set, can avoids the generation of this situation, this outflow channel preferably can be closed, and it can be used for being collected in the liquid precipitation thing of roasting pipe bottom; This outflow channel flows out from the bottom of roasting pipe, and this outflow channel preferably is positioned at the upstream portion of roasting area under control section.Collected fluid can often or termly emit.

For this reason, if desired, be preferably in the outflow channel and be provided with such as shut-off valve and pipeline.

With reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention will be described in more detail, in the accompanying drawings:

Fig. 1 has roughly represented an equipment that is used for the roasting blank;

Fig. 2 is the wiring diagram of equipment shown in Figure 1;

Fig. 3 is the horizontal part sectioned view of equipment shown in Figure 1, and it is made up of Fig. 3 A, Fig. 3 B, Fig. 3 C, wherein, and the left part of Fig. 3 A devices illustrated, the middle part of Fig. 3 B devices illustrated, the right part of Fig. 3 C devices illustrated;

Fig. 4 is the planimetric map of equipment shown in Figure 1, and it is made up of Fig. 4 A, Fig. 4 B, Fig. 4 C, wherein, and the left part of Fig. 4 A devices illustrated, the middle part of Fig. 4 B devices illustrated, the right part of Fig. 4 C devices illustrated

Fig. 5 is the sectional view along V among Fig. 4 B-V line;

Fig. 6 is the sectional view along VI among Fig. 4 B-VI line;

Fig. 7 is the sectional view along VII among Fig. 4 C-VII line;

Fig. 8 is the sectional view along VIII among Fig. 4 A-VIII line;

Fig. 9 is the sectional view along IX among Fig. 4 A-IX line;

Figure 10 is a vertical cross section with roasting pipe in the mode presentation graphs 1 that blocks;

Figure 11 is the partial view along arrow XI direction among Fig. 4 C;

Figure 12 is the sectional view along XII among Figure 11-XII line;

Figure 13 is the view along arrow X III direction among Figure 12;

Figure 14 is the view along arrow X IV direction among Figure 12, and it illustrates a supporting in more detail and combs;

Figure 15 is the view along arrow X V direction among Figure 14, but for the ease of understanding this figure, in the figure, has omitted collection container and drainage plate.

Accompanying drawing illustrates the elongated roasting pipe of a horizontal positioned, or claims to fire pipe 1, and the entrance point of this pipe is connected with a preheating chamber 2.Roasting pipe 1 with preheat chamber 2 and seal in airtight mode to external world mutually, hot combustion gas is along the direction shown in the arrow among Fig. 1, by roasting pipe and preheating chamber, and preheats the chamber according to entering shown in the arrow.These pipelines have operation valve, controlledly heat combustion gas flowing in pipeline, therefore, in roasting pipe 1 or the inside that claims to fire pipe 1, can have and those the different flox conditions shown in the arrow.

Heating arrangement 3 has a burner 77.Provide fuel by fuel feed pipe line 4 to heating arrangement 3, the device by air supply pipe line 5 provides air to heating arrangement 3.

Flow in the pipeline can be regulated at the valve Vi place in the described pipeline.

Be provided with a fan blower 116 and can order about hot combustion gas and in pipeline, circulate, have a hot combustion gas vent line to be communicated with, be used to discharge unnecessary hot combustion gas with atmosphere.

Direction according to arrow 8, blank is by the mode with axially parallel, send into continuously one by one and preheat chamber 2, and pass along the direction of arrow 9, then, one by one insert in the roasting pipe 1, the blank in roasting pipe 1 moves forward thereby promote, and the end of the last blank along the direction shown in the arrow 9 from roasting pipe 1 discharged.Blank is the garden cylindricality, has identical size and garden tubular, and it is intended to carry out subsequently the electrode blank of graphitization processing, and it comprises with petroleum coke, smelter coke, and the carbon that forms such as graphite exist, and bonding agent are as resin.

When blank passes through their passage, need hot combustion gas round preform flows.For this reason, fresh hot combustion gas is flowed out from heating arrangement 3, enter roasting pipe 1 and preheat chamber 2, round the preform flows there, absorbed simultaneously as waste gas or refuse from blank (as the additive) carbonaceous material that is evaporated, flow out roasting pipe 1 then and preheat chamber 2, and flow in the heating arrangement 3.In heating arrangement 3, the used heat combustion gas is subjected to the flame heat of burner 77, and this additive that burns, the air supply need reach bottom line burning, desirable combined amount takes place, so that guarantee the basic oxygen-free of fresh hot combustion gas, because if aerobic arrives the blank place, it can burn blank so.

The temperature of heat combustion flow and it, particularly at the roasting pipe with preheat hot gas flow in the chamber and its temperature, by the regulator that depends on temperature, the control assembly that perhaps is used for fresh hot combustion gas is adjusted.This regulator or control assembly are by center control device 10 controls that have a counter and a memory.This control device 10 is also controlled and is supplied with heating arrangement fuel and air, and this quantity delivered is the function of the actual value and the ideal value of hot gas flow in the roasting pipe 1.

At place, the chamber of preheating, a gate 11 that is used to introduce blank is arranged.In preheating the chamber, it is digital that the blank of arranging in the mode of axially parallel is marked with 12 to 20 reference respectively.Wherein also have one to be positioned at and to treat that into locational blank 21, this position can make blank with respect to roasting pipe 1 axial location.In addition, blank 22 to 45 coaxial being closely arranged in the roasting pipe 1.

As the back in greater detail, blank does not fill up the inside of roasting pipe fully, enters the pipeline 46 to 53 that the hot fuel gas supply in the residual gap 132,133 longitudinally distributes, these hot burning lines 46 to 53 all are derived from hot gas aggregate supply pipeline 74.From described gap location be distributed in the roasting pipe vertically on, and, be equipped with hot combustion gas vent line 54 to 61 in the place that hot gas supply pipeline 46 to 53 staggers, these pipelines feed the total vent pipe of hot gas that is used for waste hot gas.The total vent pipe of hot gas feeds heating arrangement through fan blower 116 and two by-

pass lines

63,64 successively.

In hot gas aggregate supply pipeline 74, fresh hot combustion gas enters through overheated gas supply pipe line 65 and preheats in the chamber 2, and the used heat combustion gas is flowed out by hot gas vent line 91 and preheated chamber 2, enters the total vent line 62 of hot combustion gas.A hot fuel gas supply pipeline 66 is through the hot combustion gas vent line 7 of fan blower 67 guiding, and pipeline 7 is communicated with atmosphere, and at fan blower on the pressure side, hot fuel gas supply pipeline 81 is punished out from fan blower 67, and imports entrance gate 11.The by-

pass line

68,69 of punishing out from hot fuel gas supply pipeline 66 comb 191 the comb pipe 183 to 186 of supporting of flowing through enters and preheats the chamber 2, and this will be described in the back.

From hot combustion gas aggregate supply pipeline 74, also passed through a hot fuel gas supply pipeline 70.This pipeline is communicated with an assisted heating device 72 by fan blower 71.Assisted heating device 72 is positioned on the bottom of roasting pipe 1.Heat combustion flow is through assisted heating device 72, and flows back to through overheated combustion gas vent line 73 and the total vent line 62 of hot gas therefrom.Assisted heating device 72 preferably adds the peripheral sector region of thermal bake-out pipe 1 bottom, and just correspondingly is arranged on this place, but can be removed.Assisted heating device does not all illustrate in other figure except that Fig. 2.

Supply with overheated fuel gas through fuel feed pipe line 4, feed the burner 77 of heating arrangement 3 through two tap line 75,76.Air supply pipe line 5 feeds heating arrangement 3 through a fan blower 78 and two tap line 79,80.

In equipment shown in Figure 1, have several adjustable valves Vi, can change flow area with its relevant pipeline.Be provided with after the combination valve Vi that controller Ri is connected identical sign, these valves are regulated by the controller as control element.Be provided with the measuring sensor V of temperature sensor Ti as the controller Ri of identical sign, be provided with pressure transducer Pi and an oxygen level sensor S, corresponding sensor as the controller of identical sign, have not the valve Vi with the sensor of controller combination, can regulate by the valve of configuration and/or the configuration of control device 10 with uncontrolled form

All temperature sensor Ti, the measured numerical value of pressure transducer Pi and oxygen level sensor S all arrives control device 10 by cable transmission not shown in the figures.A desirable value links mutually with each controller, and harmonize by control device 10.This control device also can be regulated the valve that is provided with the equipment controller.Control device 10 is according to a preset program or according to the signal of being imported this ideal value of harmonizing.

The value that control device 10 concentrates reservoir to supply with, and provide that expression is revised, that change, sign and/or controlled quentity controlled variable that have trend factor or that have failure factor with process.The sign that will revise relates to the state that will revise.A sign that changes with process relates to the time that desire is revised state, and this time is determined by the operator.Wherein, the sign of expression trend factor relates to the variation that condition of work took place in a period of time; The sign of expression failure factor relates to warning horn, and it can be used up or sound causes that the operator notes fault and directly discharges it.This sign or show and can provide in tabular provides but preferably follow among the figure in as shown in Figure 2 demonstration roughly.A problematic numerical value fly-over junction place in the figure demonstrates, that is to say, for example, with controller R ₆Relevant ideal value and actual value illustrate on the figure next door of following on the figure along this controller.

Hot combustion gas function on stream is as follows, and fuel is blown into the flame source of burner 77 by

tap line

75 and 76, and enters the flame zone that is positioned at the flame source front further.By tap line 79, the fresh air of supplying with part as first air is blown into flame zone with stoichiometrical stoichiometric(al) amount, thereby produces perfectly burning.Tap line 63 is led to the flame region of the burner of heating arrangement 3, and particularly leads to the position at

branch road tracheae

75,76 openings on the flame jet direction.And be blown into the used heat combustion gas, thereby the discharge section of described hot combustion gas also burns at flame zone.Next, the large-scale combustion chamber 90 of tap line 80 same feedings that is used for the second air part supply source, the flame of burner 77 is injected in the large-scale combustion chamber 90, and what follow after the opening of tap line 80 is to be used for the used heat combustion gas is fed arm 64 in the large-scale combustion chamber.

Large-scale burning betides large-scale combustion chamber 90.This firing chamber 90 is adiabatic to external world mutually in optional mode.The residue of used heat combustion gas discharge section and any residue of fuel burn in firing chamber 90, fresh hot combustion gas flows into hot combustion gas house steward 74 in the end of large-scale combustion chamber, this hot combustion gas house steward 74 should not comprise oxygen, does not particularly comprise imperfect combustion carbon, and produces heat.For the burning of the stoichiometric(al) of necessity through tap line 80, added the function of the second air supply source as oxygen content.Xiang Guan controller R therewith ₄Controlled by the oxygen content sensor as primary element, oxygen content sensor S is arranged on the downstream end of large-scale combustion chamber 90, near the outflow point of hot combustion gas aggregate supply pipeline.

Controller R ₄Set by this way, that is, surpass a predetermined permissible value as long as oxygen level sensor S-indicates oxygen content, the second air supply source just is reduced immediately.This predetermined permissible value is 0.3% oxygen content preferably.Functional value to the content of carbon monoxide also can be made control corresponding.Then, a carbon monoxide transducer need be set and replace oxygen level sensor.Perhaps, except that oxygen level sensor, a carbon monoxide transducer is set again.Like this, when the content of carbon monoxide surpassed the permissible value of a carbon monoxide content of being scheduled to, the second air supply source just was reduced.The permissible value of the carbon monoxide content that this is predetermined preferably 0.1%.

Oxygen content sensor S or carbon monoxide transducer also can be arranged on the downstream part of hot gas supply pipe 74, or are arranged in the hot burning line as oxygen level sensor S, still, must be arranged on the upstream end that hot combustion gas enters roasting pipe 1 inlet.Yet, far away more from the measurement point of the oxygen level sensor S shown in the figure, just undesirable more and slow to the control and the adjusting of oxygen content.

When the function of large-scale combustion chamber 90 downstream end hot gas temperatures by temperature sensor T ₁During measurement, the supply of fuel is by regulator R ₁At valve V _1aAnd V _1bThe place carries out pari passu.Adjusting is to be accompanied by with 10 couples of regulator R of control device ₁Ideal value constantly repeated to adjust carry out.Control device 10 constantly calculates required controlled quentity controlled variable, this controlled quentity controlled variable is to the actual value of the process flow measurement of the stream of the assisted gas in roasting pipe 1 and the preheating chamber 2 and the function of ideal value, and control device 10 usefulness mathematical way link these values and ideal control amount.For this reason: to temperature sensor T ₅To T ₁₀And T ₁₃Measured value and from V ₅To V ₁₀And V ₁₃The actual value of the flow that the valve of installing obtains is calculated, and draws a total energy equilibrium.Corresponding calculated has replaced the energy equilibrium of appearance when actual temperature value is consistent with desirable temperature value.

These two energy values subtract each other, and the difference that obtains is configured for regulator R ₁The computing numerical value of ideal value.

The intensity of the hot fuel gas flow in the roasting pipe and direction are subjected to the influence of the hot gas flow in hot fuel gas supply pipeline 46 to 53.Though the temperature of the fresh hot combustion gas of being supplied with is the same, owing to the gas charging degree of the roasting area under control section that has hot combustion gas is at times strong and at other times weak, might influence temperature, that is to say, may cause wherein a part of temperature to be higher or lower than the temperature of adjacent part.Therefore the apolegamy of each valve Vi in the hot combustion gas vent line 54 to 61 is also depended in hot fuel gas flow and influence thereof.Valve Vi determines according to empirical value at the beginning.

Supply with the amount that fuel and air were increased for equilibrium with the external world, can fresh hot combustion gas be drained into atmosphere by hot combustion gas vent line 7.Be by the tensimeter P of conduct like this in total supply line 74 downstream end of hot combustion gas ₁₁Tonometric function control.The controller R of combination ₁₁According to a predetermined ideal value job, this has just guaranteed in the pipeline that all fresh combustion gases enter and has preheated in the chamber 2, and has, the preferably little superpressure of 5mmw.g slightly higher by 0.5 to 20mmw.g than atmospheric pressure in roasting pipe 1.Thereby unwanted, oxygen containing air can not stitch inspiration and arrive the residing position of blank from the external world by the hole.Guaranteed to have only the hot combustion gas of anaerobic around blank, to flow like this, and blank can not contact under scorching hot state with oxygen.

Minimum pressure is determined in the suction side near fan blower 116.Pressure transducer P ₁₁Also can be arranged on the suction side near fan blower 116, perhaps be arranged on some other position, can be provided in the roasting pipe in this position or preheating the valid data of the minimum superpressure in the chamber.

In many cases, can guarantee that preferably the hot combustion gas of injecting can not pass through leak or analog, enter atmosphere with uncontrolled form.For this reason, preferably can partly keep micro-vacuum,, that is to say that hot combustion gas vent line 54 to 61, the total vent line 62 of hot combustion gas and tap

line

63,64 also are like this for the pipeline that waste gas returns at hot combustion gas round-robin pipeline.On the position that fan blower 116 is discharged in the corresponding downstream that provides, this position is greatly about the downstream part of the total vent line of hot combustion gas 62 ends.This be have one for-0.5mmw.g to-20mmw.g, preferably-negative pressure value of 5mmw.g.If there is not out of contior hot combustion gas outflow hole seam, such negative pressure value also can be kept or determine in roasting pipe 1 and the same effect that preheats in the chamber 2.

The hot combustion gas that flows into atmosphere through overheated combustion gas vent line 7 is fresh, that is to say that clean hot combustion gas does not contain any condiment, therefore, environment is not polluted.

Tap line

68,69 is passed and is arranged in the pipe 183 to 186 that preheats chamber 2, will be described in detail this back, and the fresh hot combustion gas of flowing through described tap line is retained in the pipe system, and can not contact with blank, therefore can not absorb condiment.Thereby these hot combustion gas can enter atmosphere without a doubt.

Fresh hot combustion gas flows into entrance gate 11 through pipeline 81, and a part flows into atmosphere, and another part flows into and preheats chamber 2.Because blank is cold at this, it absorbs less than condiment at gate 11 places.

If assisted heating device 72 or certain other heating arrangement are a pipe or a guard system to the sealing of blank, described heating arrangement can be changed according to

bypass duct

68,69, and make the fresh hot combustion gas that enters atmosphere can flow into this device, so that utilize heat wherein.

Device of the present invention embodiment is according to the methods below operated.

Method embodiment 1

A kind of pulpous state material, its component is: the resin (M of A1:20% weight ₁) and the coke powder (M of A2:80% weight ₂).Make unsintered garden cylindrical electrode blank with this material, the diameter D1 of blank is 65 centimetres, length L ₁=240 centimetres.These electrode blanks carry out firing the first time.For this reason, blank is at Z ₁Be heated to T in=300 hours time ₁=850 ℃, and be T in described temperature ₂=850 ° keep Z ₂=30 hours, thereafter at Z ₃Be cooled to T in during=24 hours ₃=350 ℃.Then, electrode blank is cooled to T in air ₄=20 ℃.Electrode blank has been sintered sclerosis as a result, and the blank size of having handled so is stable and is porous.

These electrode blanks flood with resin.For this reason, they are heated to T ₅=300 ℃, and exhaust in an airtight container, thereafter with T ₆=250 ℃ resin is put into container, and this container satisfies at P ₁The pressure condition of=15 crust keeps Z down ₄=2 hours, let out thereafter except that pressure and resin, take out the good electrode blank of dipping from container, and put dried and cooling.

So impregnated electrode blank imports continuously one by one and preheats chamber 2, and is heated to T at leisure at this ₇=250 ℃.The hold-up time of each electrode blank in preheating the chamber is Z ₅=10 hours.After this hold-up time, electrode blank imports one by one continuously to be fired in pipe or the title roasting pipe 1, and passes this pipe step by step.The span of at every turn advancing is S ₁=10 centimetres, gait of march is V ₁Therefore=0.96 meter/hour be L for total length ₂=50 meters roasting pipe, blank consumes 30 hours (Z at described roasting Guan Zhongxu ₆).At first blank was heated to T equably through 30 hours ₈=740 ℃, on this temperature, keep Z then ₈=14 hours, pass through Z at last ₉Be cooled to T in=8 hours equably ₉=350 ℃.Then, electrode blank enters in the air, and is cooled to T therein ₁₀=20 ℃.But they also can still send to graphitization processing under the state of heat.

Hot combustion gas is flowed around electrode blank in preheating the chamber and in the roasting pipe.Its oxygen content is G ₁=0.5%, its inlet temperature minimum is T ₁₁=800 ℃, maximum is T ₁₂=950 ℃.It is as controller R ₁Ideal value, that is to say, as the function of desired gross energy.The flow of the heat combustion flow that flows through along with the gap in roasting pipe various piece depends on each part energy needed.These flows can be distinguished Be Controlled.Various piece can extend to the air intake opening of next adjacent hot combustion gas vent line (for example pipeline 55 or 57) from the air intake opening of hot combustion gas vent line (for example pipeline 56), or extend to again the air intake opening of next hot combustion gas vent line (for example pipeline 54 or 58), so analogize.This can regulate according to the needs of the location of each valve Vi.

Firing of carrying out in heating arrangement 3 can be controlled by this way, that is, fresh hot combustion gas has G ₂=0.5% oxygen content.Because in the outflow of the fresh hot combustion gas at hot combustion gas vent pipe place, at tensimeter P ₁₁The pressure of measurement point remain on the minimum P that is ₂=23mmw.g.This has just guaranteed to have the superpressure that is not less than pf=5mmw.g in preheating chamber and roasting pipe, even also is like this in the minimal pressure force.

The other method embodiments different with the method embodiment are listed in detail by following table.

Table 1:

Embodiment (to first and second roasting process)	1	2	3
				M ₁	Resin	Resin	Resin
M ₂	Carbon dust	Carbon dust	Carbon dust
				A ₁% weight	20	20	20
A ₂% weight	80	80	80
				D ₁cm	65	45	45
L ₁cm	245	240	240
				Z ₁h	300	240	300
T ₁℃	850	850	850
				Z ₂h	30	30	30
T ₂℃	850	850	850
				Z ₃h	24	24	24
T ₃℃	350	350	350
				T ₄℃	20	20	20
T ₅℃	300	300	300
				T ₅℃	250	250	250
Z ₄h	2	2	2
				P ₁bar	15	15	15
T ₇℃	250	250	250
				Z ₅h	10	16	67

S ₁cm	10	13	6
				V ₁m/h	0.96	1.3	0.58
L ₂m	50	50	100
				Z ₆h	30	40	175
Z ₇h	30	20	175
				T ₈℃	740	740	850
Z ₈h	14	10	38
				Z ₉h	8	6	24
T ₉℃	350	350	350
				T ₁₀℃	20	20	20
G ₁%	0.5	0.5	0.5
				T ₁₁℃	800	800	800
T ₁₂℃	950	950	950
				G ₂%	0.5	0.5	0.5
P ₂mmw.g	23	23	23
				P ₃mmw.g	5	5	5

Present contrast accompanying drawing 3～15 is described the structure according to the equipment of accompanying drawing 1.Wherein, with accompanying drawing 1.2 in identical part can be with reference to the accompanying drawings 1 and 2.

Roasting pipe 1 is put together by three parts 101,102 and 103.In first 101, the inside surface on its arbitrary xsect all is a garden shape, and is limited by the garden shape sleeve wall 105 of a steel, and the diameter of this inside surface is represented with label 104.In second portion 102, its internal diameter 106 is more much bigger than internal diameter 104.In third part 103, the inside surface on the xsect all is a garden shape, is limited by sleeve wall 117, and the diameter 108 of this inside surface is identical with internal diameter 104.The inner surface diameter of second portion 102 is bigger by 25% than the inner surface diameter of first and third part 101,103.

As 7 in accompanying drawing illustrate especially, in first 101, it is the side that meniscate gap 133 is positioned at blank 22 that an xsect is arranged.As 6 in accompanying drawing illustrate especially, in second portion 102, it is the side that meniscate gap 132 is positioned at blank 24 that an xsect is arranged.As 8 in accompanying drawing illustrate especially, in third part 103, it is the side that meniscate gap 134 is positioned at blank 43 that an xsect is arranged.

Because blank has identical size, so the cross section that gap 133,134 has same size, the cross section in gap 132 is then much bigger, in the present embodiment, is approximately 3.5 times of used blank size.Therefore, for the hot combustion gas of flowing along gap 132, the passage in second portion 102 is than in first, the channel width that constitutes by gap 133 many.

In first 101, the temperature that needs is lower, but in second portion, the temperature that needs is much higher.In second portion, more heat combustion flow is crossed bigger gap 132, makes that like this temperature at this place remains on the desired high value at an easy rate.In third part 103, temperature is lower than the temperature in the second portion, and therefore, gap 134 can be less than gap 132.

In second portion 102, sleeve wall 118 also is a garden shape, but far is thicker than sleeve wall 105 in the first 101 and the sleeve wall 117 in the third part 103.These sleeve wall are leaning straight line row each other by annular steel garden dish 219,220 and are putting.As shown in Figure 8, the sleeve wall outside surface in the first 101 is wrapped up in around the light-duty fire resistive material heat insulation layer 107 of one deck.

Lead to outside and closable flow export 110,111 stretches out from the bottom of first 101 and along the whole length distribution of roasting pipe 1 inside.This effuser 101,111 can make the flowable sediment that accumulates in roasting pipe 1 bottom flow out the roasting pipe, or is sucked out from roasting pipe 1.Flow export 110 is made up of a funnel 112 and an outflow pipeline 113 that is fixed on the sleeve wall 105.This pipeline 113 can be closed with valve 114.Funnel 112 is located in the heat insulation layer 107.Flow export can by for example not shown in the figures, heat with assisted heating device 72 corresponding assisted heating devices.

Shown in accompanying drawing 6, in second portion, have much larger than the steel sleeve wall 117 of the diameter of sleeve wall 105, be lined with heat-resisting liner 125, the inside surface of this liner 125 one fan-shaped next week border area or claim fan-shaped supporting area 126 places to constitute a slidingsurface 123.An innermost layer 127 that is illustrated and constitute slipping plane 123 by oblique hachure is made by a kind of thermal insulation material.This material is harder than the material of the affiliated part of heat-resisting liner 125.

Constitute the fan-shaped supporting area of liner of slipping plane 123, its by the shown thickness of double-head arrow on the fan-shaped neighboring area at liner top by double-head arrow 131 shown thickness.In the present embodiment, approximately want thick 30%.

In third part, the shape on the latter half border of xsect is the make progress U-shaped 129 of flaring of an opening, and cross sectional boundary is shaped as a garden arc 130 in remaining.One also can be arranged in the second portion 102 with additional heating device 72 corresponding additional heating devices.

Third part 103 is made of sleeve wall 117.Sleeve wall 117 interior cooling covers 135 center on.Cooling cover 135 constitutes an enclosure space, and this space centers on sleeve wall 117 in the mode of ring-type, and cooling air flows through this space.This cooling air is introduced by cooling air supply line 140, discharges by cooling air vent line 141.These also can be referring to accompanying drawing 4.

In first and third part 101,103, the fan section, bottom of sleeve wall 105 constitutes a slipping plane 142 or 143.Slipping

plane

142 and 143 be have radius what greater than the cylindrical sleeve surface, annular garden of blank radius.Garden week of the heart has the radius that equates with slipping plane 142,143 on the shape part to the slipping plane 123 of second portion 102 therein.Slipping plane 143,123 and 142 is arranged in a line along the fan section, bottom of sleeve wall, with second portion 102 junctions, be provided with the inclined-plane of transition not shown in the figures, that on the lateral part of slipping plane, stretch, so that make the blank in a longitudinal direction can be glossily, no step slips over roasting pipe 1.

In the first 101 with less gap 133, blank is heated to a lower temperature, for example, and 530 ℃.In the second portion 102 with big gap 132, blank is heated to higher sintering temperature, for example 830 ℃.In having the third part in less gap, have only cooling, and do not heat.

Sleeve wall 105 is carried out externally reinforced on whole length.For this reason, the outside surface of sleeve wall 105 is provided with vertical stay, for example, by the vertical stays 105,151 that channel-section constitutes, weld and extend in the roasting pipe vertically on part 101,102,103 on.In addition, a connecting band is arranged, for example connecting band 152, with vertically extending of roasting pipe, and are welded between two adjacent vertical stays with meeting at right angles.Par place at the roasting pipe has some connecting bands, and under any circumstance all constitutes the ring of a sealing, for example encircles 153.Some rings like this are distributed on the length of roasting pipe, and adapt with all sizes in the garden of sleeve wall in this case.

At the end of third part 103, have a discharge gate 160(referring to accompanying drawing 10 away from passage), be used for one and be full of the part in succession 162 that sand, opening make progress.This web member 162 can lead to the selenodont gap that forms from above between blank and sleeve wall 105.Sand can blow slowly, flow out web member 132 continuously, enters the selenodont gap, also continuously it is filled up, and makes this place form airtight labyrinth or sealing.At the free end of roasting pipe discharge blank, the outflow of sand is to be collected, to purify, and by in the not shown worm conveyor loopback connector 162.

Hot fuel gas supply pipeline 49 feeds roasting pipe through valve Vi and described pipeline in acclivitous mode with roasting pipe 1.Be provided with temperature sensor T in the relative position of opening part diameter ₈This sensor is subjected to being inserted in the protection of the blank in the roasting pipe, and avoids flowing to the direct effect of the fresh hot combustion gas in the roasting pipe.Remaining hot fuel gas supply pipeline 46 to 53 is corresponding structure and setting with temperature sensor and the valve relevant with it.

The total vent line 62 of hot combustion gas and roasting pipe 1 are parallel and above it.Hot combustion gas vent line, for example pipeline 37, extend vertically downward from pipeline 62.Hot burning line 59 leads to roasting pipe 1 from the top.Remaining hot combustion gas vent line 54 to 61 and relative valve have and above-mentioned corresponding structure and layout.

Fig. 5 also shows a framework 182, this framework in accompanying drawing 9 also the part as seen.Framework 182 extends on the whole length of roasting pipe 1, and supporting roasting pipe 1.Framework 182 does not all illustrate in all accompanying drawings, because can make accompanying drawing simple, clear like this.Passage upstream extremity at the roasting pipe is connected with the chamber 2 that preheats already mentioned above.To contrast accompanying drawing 11 to 15 below, be illustrated preheating chamber 2.

Preheat chamber 2 and have an airtight housing 190.In this housing, has the supporting comb 191 that a relative surface level is obliquely installed.Preheating on the chamber 2, be provided with an escape hole 218 that is used for the liquid precipitation thing at least.This escape hole can be closed and be in communication with the outside, and it stretches out from the bottom that preheats the chamber.The supporting comb has microscler, parallel interval, the pipe 183 to 186 that is arranged in juxtaposition.They extend in the direction that tilts.These pipes are coupled to each other by lateral line 196,197, simultaneously, are connected with

tap line

68,69 jointly.These pipe support blanks 12 to 30, blank 12 to 30 is parallel with axis 223 with its axis, and the form vertical with the longitudinal axis of pipe 183 to 186 placed, and by separation vessel 193 supportings.

Because supporting comb 191 is obliquely installed, comb 191 carrying planes that constitute 277 with 124 inclinations of an acute angle by supporting, like this, parallel axes places on the carrying plane 227 in the mode vertical with vergence direction in equal even continuously arranged blanks 12 to 21, because the effect of gravity, blank 12 to 21 just rolls to separation vessel 193.

Separation vessel 193 has a bucket wheel 194, and its axis 192 extends abreast with the axis 223 of blank.All can put into a blank in each material spoon of bucket wheel.A drive unit 224 that is used for bucket wheel is used each the separation stroke or the identical process in cycle is rotated forward, and like this, under any circumstance, blank farthest is the front, is expedite.Simultaneously, a back to back blank stops in the next material spoon, and total weight is born by this material spoon in blank 12 to 18 thereafter.In supporting comb front end, treat that for being in the blank 21 that carry is put is provided with substrate 198.Be used to adjust the direction of the roasting pipe of described blank, so that make blank 21 and be arranged in the blank 45 to 22 of roasting pipe coaxial.

Substrate 198 is extensions of slipping plane 142.It is stretched over 226 places, hole on the sidewall 228 of housing 190.Roasting pipe 1, promptly sleeve wall 105, and the sidewall 228 that aligns with airtight form and hole 226 is connected.Substrate 198 and one push away 200 combinations of base bar.Push away the axis direction of base bar 200, do straight reciprocating motion with a fluid pressure drive device at blank 21.Push away base bar 200 and be arranged in an airtight guide rail 199.Guide rail 199 is by its front end, in order to be connected with openend that the inside that preheats chamber 2 communicates.By the described base bar 200 that pushes away, blank 21 is progressively promoted forward, or a stroke, or rolls along the direction of arrow 201, and is advanced to the position before the whole tandem of the blank that is arranged in the roasting pipe.As long as blank 21 enters the roasting pipe fully, next blank 20 will be rolled on the substrate 198 owing to the next detachment process of separation vessel 193.Push away base bar 200 and push ahead, and the lengthwise position of the total kilometres of blank is relevant with each span, like this,, have 1 to 200 span, be preferably 10 spans for one meter long blank stroke with uniform span.

Entrance gate 11 has the size that approximately can accept a blank, and is positioned on the position last, free blank of supporting on combing at axis direction, this position in accompanying drawing 14, for blank 12 occupied.Entrance gate 11 is with respect to the external world and preheat the chamber, seals in airtight mode, and it has comprised a new blank 82.This blank 82 can import the position that had before been occupied by blank 12 by a base bar 203 that pushes away that drives by fluid pressure drive device 2202.At this moment, can automatically open at entrance gate 11 and a gate 204 preheating between the chamber 2.

Just as described, flow to the hot combustion gas that preheats the chamber by hot fuel gas supply pipeline 65, around preform flows, and the heating blank.In this process, the resin of heating and similarly sediment from blank, flow out, drop onto that supporting combs below.In order to collect these resins below supporting is combed; Be provided with the drawer type collection container 210,211,212,213 that 4 openings make progress, as shown in figure 15, they all extend on the whole width that supporting is combed.Be stamped canopy shape drainage plate 214,215,216 between the collection container, therefore, the sediment that is dropped on these gaps can be introduced into said collection container.Collection container can outwards be taken away with the form of drawer, and changes the collection container of a sky, can certainly it be extracted out with pump.

The part of rolling is made of carrying plane 227, each single blank all must be along this carrying plane, be rolled to the position of blank 20 from the position of supporting the blank 12 on combing, and part 3 times of blank girth no better than that roll, therefore, each blank all almost can rotate 3 times, thereby all peripheries can enter for several times and be suitable for drippage or discharge sedimentary position.

Claims

1, be used for method at the continuous passage burning blanks of a roasting section, this burning block centers on the preform flows of being fired with the hot fuel gas flow of anaerobic basically; This hot combustion gas, is supplied with along a roasting section in quantitative mode as the function of temperature of combustion; And as used heat heating arrangement is returned in combustion gas, be accompanied by the flammable burning of dosing thing that in the roasting section, absorbs; While also is attended by air and fuel infeeds heating arrangement; This has just formed the fresh hot combustion gas of anaerobic basically; In this process, the air supplied with of being used for burning is adjusted to the minimum ideal value of a stoichiometric(al) as the function of fresh hot combustion gas oxygen content; Then, hot combustion gas supplies in the roasting section once more, heat combustion flow through described section, function as this zone hot gas temperature, adjust according to predetermined ideal value piecewise, it is characterized in that, wherein, the actual value and the ideal value that are used to adjust the process consumption of each section flow are bonded to each other, and form one and are used for the controlled quentity controlled variable that fuel is supplied with.

2, method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, with the actual value of process consumption wherein, ideal value and/or other measured value are concentrated and are stored, and show, form that revised, that change, a sign and/or a controlled quentity controlled variable that have the trend factor or that have failure factor with process.

3, according to the method for claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, predetermined ideal value project is carried out centralized control.

According to the method for aforementioned any claim, it is characterized in that 4, the fuel that control is supplied with carries out perfect combustion by desirable proportioning under situation about comprising by used heat combustion gas and the fresh hot combustion gas of anaerobic absorption and additive; Its feature is that also the first air quantity delivered is to depend at the fuel feed of new flame zone in order to heating, and carry out with stoichiometric(al); Its feature also is, the second air quantity delivered is that the function as oxygen level in the fresh hot combustion gas and/or the imperfect combustion carbon compound content in fresh hot combustion gas carries out, preferably flame extend to new flame zone and the large-scale combustion district that directly forms in measure.

According to the method for claim 4, it is characterized in that 5, the oxygen content in fresh hot combustion gas surpasses a predetermined permissible value, preferably 0.3% o'clock, the second air quantity delivered reduced.

According to the method for claim 4 or 5, it is characterized in that 6, when the carbon monoxide content of fresh hot combustion gas is lower than a predetermined permissible value,, the second air quantity delivered reduces at preferably 0.11% o'clock.

7, according to the described method of aforementioned arbitrary claim, it is characterized in that, hot burning line seals in the airtight mode of pressurizeing mutually to external world, drive continuously, and, the part that fresh hot combustion gas desires to enter atmosphere is controlled as the function of the fresh hot gaseous-pressure that measures a pressure measurement point, and said pressure measurement point provides the authentic data that is arranged in the hot burning line extreme pressure value outside the calciner.

8, according to the method for claim 7, it is characterized in that, supply to around the outside air in the fresh hot combustion gas of blank and be cut off, that wherein fresh heat combustion flow flows therein or in the part pipeline of blank gas flow, by regulating pressure superpressure is remained on 0.5 to the 20mmw.g(millimeter of water), be preferably the overvoltage of 5mmw.g.

According to the method for claim 8, it is characterized in that 9, the part that fresh hot combustion gas enters atmosphere is controlled as the function around the heat combustion flow upstream end pressure of preform flows.

10, according to the method for claim 7, it is characterized in that, partly keep-0.5 to-20mmw.g around the pipeline of preform flows part and/or used heat combustion gas from the pipeline that the roasting pipe flow back into heating arrangement in hot combustion gas, preferably-5mmw.g, to prevent any hot gas leakage.

11, according to the method for aforementioned arbitrary claim, it is characterized in that along the length distribution of roasting part the fresh hot fuel gas flow of several plumes to the blank being arranged, this flow all is adjustable with respect to the throughput that is fed on the blank; Along on the length of roasting section, the outlet of a used heat burning line is all arranged between any two inlets, the flow of this outlet is adjustable with respect to throughput; The flow of these fresh hot combustion gas is as the function of temperature and be conditioned, and this temperature is to measure in the heat combustion flow of a side of hot burning line opening at blank.

12, finish the described method of claim 1, be used for the equipment at the continuous passage burning blanks, it has, an elongated adiabatic roasting pipe (1); With a feed gate (11), this feed gate is used to make blank to enter the roasting pipe at an end of roasting pipe; With a discharge gate (160), this discharge gate is used for discharging blank from the roasting pipe at the other end of roasting pipe; With some hot fuel gas supply pipelines (46～53), these pipelines are along the length distribution of roasting pipe and import the roasting pipe, and adjustable valve (V is housed on these pipelines ₁₀～V ₁₃); Disperse to come out from a hot combustion gas aggregate supply pipeline (74); Also have along the some hot combustion gas vent line (54～61) of the length distribution of roasting pipe, the roasting pipe leads to a total vent line of hot combustion gas (62); And having a burner (77) that large-scale combustion chamber (90) are housed, this large-scale combustion chamber is communicated with the total vent line of hot combustion gas; And having a fuel feed pipe line (4), this pipeline is used to be equipped with a valve (V _1a) burner (77); Its feature is that also it also has control device (10), provides with fuel feed pipe line (4) for control device (10) and goes up with described valve (V _1a) controller that connects; Dry temperature sensor (T even ₁₀～T ₁₃), wherein each all with hot fuel gas supply pipeline (46～53) on described valve (V ₁₀～V ₁₃) one of connect, and be positioned at roasting pipe (1), near the outlet of hot fuel gas supply pipeline (46～53); Described temperature sensor (T ₁₀～T ₁₃) also control described control device (10).

According to the equipment of claim 12, it is characterized in that 13, the upstream end of (1) is provided with an airtight chamber (2) that preheats in the firing chamber, this chamber is connected with vent line (65,66,62,68,69) with hot fuel gas supply; In preheating chamber (2), be provided with a supporting and comb (191), be used to support blank (12～21); And, in preheating the chamber, supporting comb below, a collection container (210) is set at least, be used to collect the adjuvant that dripping or similar sediment.

According to the equipment of claim 13, it is characterized in that 14, collection container (210) is the drawer that can change from the outside.

15, according to the equipment of claim 13 or 14, it is characterized in that, an outflow channel (218) that is used for the liquid precipitation thing is set at least preheating on the chamber (2), this outflow channel is drawn from preheating bottom, chamber (2), leads to the outside, and can close.

16, according to the described equipment of aforementioned device-dependent arbitrary claim, it is characterized in that, be provided with the device (68,69) that is used for heating supporting comb (191).

17, according to the described equipment of aforementioned arbitrary device-dependent claim, it is characterized in that the comb device (227) of related blank (12～21) that are used to overturn of supporting.

18, according to equipment claim 17, that be used to fire garden cylindricality blank, it is characterized in that, supporting comb (191) is vertically tilting, some blanks (12～21) with the mode that axially is parallel to each other horizontal successively supporting comb (191) go up and roll forward, the rolling section of process be equivalent to the garden Zhou Zhouchang of blank (12～21) at least.

19, according to the described equipment of aforementioned arbitrary device-dependent claim, it is characterized in that, supporting is combed (191) by elongated, parallel interval, juxtaposed comb pipe (183～186) constitutes, these pipes of combing, extend along this tilting direction because tilting supporting is combed, the hot burning line of these Guan Keyu (68,69) connects.

20, according to the described equipment of aforementioned arbitrary device-dependent claim, it is characterized in that, one because the separation vessel (193) of blank (12～21), be arranged on the lower end of tilting supporting comb (191), constitute by a bucket wheel (194), their axis (192) extends in parallel with the axis (223) of blank, and each material spoon can both be placed a blank; Be provided with a drive unit (224) that is used for bucket wheel, this drive unit is advanced by a material spoon in each detachment process, simultaneously in each separating cycle, top blank is pushed and breaks away from constraint, next followed by blank in next one material spoon, stop, and support all thereafter blanks.

21, according to the described equipment of aforementioned arbitrary device-dependent claim, it is characterized in that, leading section at supporting comb (191), for treating that the blank that carry is put (21) is provided with a substrate (198), this substrate is aimed at firing chamber (90), and in a slipping plane (123,142,143), extend to firing chamber (90) continuously; A driven straight line that is used with substrate is set pushes away base bar (200), under the effect of this bar, be positioned at and treat that the blank that carry is put can slide along slipping plane, and insert the firing chamber, simultaneously along the blank of the same axis queuing blank length of advancing.

According to the equipment of claim 21, it is characterized in that 22, push rod (200) carries out work with the mode and the uniform span of stepping, each span is all relevant with a distance section of whole blanks, so, have 1 to 200 span, the most handy 10 spans for one 1 meter blank distance.

According to the described equipment of aforementioned arbitrary device-dependent claim, it is characterized in that 23, what be used for filling out airtightly each blank of envelope preheats chamber (2), is provided with an access hatch (11).

24, according to the described equipment of aforementioned arbitrary device-dependent claim, it is characterized in that, have a hot combustion gas vent pipe (7) to be communicated with, be used to discharge unnecessary hot combustion gas with atmosphere; Heating tube or jet pipe preferably constitute the comb pipe (183,186) that supports comb (191), are connected with described hot gas emission pipe from blank respectively with a certain amount of arm (68,69).

25, according to the described equipment of aforementioned arbitrary device-dependent claim, it is characterized in that, be matched with the interior cross section of a section (102) of the roasting pipe (1) of combustion temperatures, bigger than the xsect of the section that is matched with low combustion temperature.

According to the equipment of claim 25, it is characterized in that 26, roasting pipe (1) has a steel bushing barrel (105); The section (101) of the roasting pipe (1) that cooperates with lower temperature is by the bottom formation slidingsurface (142) of the adiabatic steel bushing of an outer insulation material layer (107) (105).

According to the equipment of claim 25 or 26, it is characterized in that 27, roasting pipe (1) has a steel bushing barrel (105); The section (102) that roasting pipe (1) cooperates with higher temperature has the liner (125) that a thermal insulation material is made; And the inner face of described liner limit part or supporting fan (126) in next week locates to constitute slipping plane (123).

According to the equipment of claim 27, it is characterized in that 28, the innermost layer (127) that constitutes slipping plane (123) is made by the thermal insulation material harder than liner other parts.

According to the equipment of claim 27 or 28, it is characterized in that 29, the supporting fan (126) of the liner periphery of formation liner slipping plane is thick more a lot of than the fan-shaped part of the upper periphery of liner, thick at least 10%.

30, according to the equipment of claim 29, it is characterized in that, the extension of the fan-shaped part in limit in next week preferably roughly surpass whole periphery half, the U-shaped (129) that arbitrary cross-sectional boundaries shape of liner inside surface all is a flaring, and the boundary shape of the inside surface of liner remainder on arbitrary xsect all is garden arc (130).

31, according to the equipment of claim 25 to 30, it is characterized in that, an auxiliary calciner (72) is set to the following peripheral of roasting pipe (1).

32, according to the equipment of claim 25 to 31, it is characterized in that, the downward outflow channel (110) that at least one can collect the liquid precipitation thing in roasting pipe (1) bottom is set, preferably closable, this channel source is preferably disposed on the roasting area under control section (101) that is arranged on the passage from the bottom of roasting pipe (1).