CN105328198A - 一种高致密性铁基粉末冶金锻造汽车连杆及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种高致密性铁基粉末冶金锻造汽车连杆及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种高致密性铁基粉末冶金锻造汽车连杆,由下列重量份的原料制成:铁粉85-86、氢化铁镁6-8、还原铁粉3-4、NaF?0.5-0.6、TaC?3.1-3.3、硬脂酸锌0.3-0.4、硅烷偶联剂kh550适量、纳米二硫化钨适量、聚乙二醇适量、去离子水适量。本发明通过在制作水雾化粉末时使用纳米二硫化钨,使得粉末的分散性好、润滑性好,减少了润滑剂的用量,提高了生坯的密度,而且成品的空隙少,大大提高了合金的强度,降低了锻造压力和温度,节约了能源,易锻造成型,锻造后韧性提高多,而且脱模性好。通过使用氢化铁镁、还原铁粉、NaF、TaC,减少氧化,促进合金金相形成,提高了致密性,提高了强度。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及粉末冶金技术领域,尤其涉及一种高致密性铁基粉末冶金锻造汽车连杆及其制备方法。
背景技术
在粉末冶金零件的生产中如何在尽可能最低的生产成本下,达到尽量较高的密度,如何生产出由于纵横比大表面面积难以脱模的复杂形状粉末冶金零件,怎样才能使生坯的强度较高,增高现有压机的能力与生产率,这些都急需较好的润滑剂。
二次压制/二次烧结(DP/DS)与粉末锻造之类的工艺都是众所周知的,这类工艺可以使零件的密度达到7.4~7.5g·cm-3或接近全密度。可是,这些工艺的生产费用都十分昂贵。另一方面,一次压制一次烧结和二次压制二次烧结相比,虽可显著减小生产成本,但致密化受到较多限制。对于含有常规润滑剂(诸如蜡、金属硬脂酸盐或二种润滑剂的混合物)的混合粉的冷压制,一般可达到的生坯密度不高于7.2g·cm-3。密度取决于基粉的压缩性,添加的添加剂与润滑剂的数量,零件的几何形状与高度,以及压制的状况。
为了用一次压制的方法加强致密化,近年来,一直进行了各种尝试。温压与模壁润滑压制都是为增高生坯密度而开发的压制工艺的二个例子。用这二种工艺可达到的密度范围为7.25~7.50g·cm-3。温压是由在加热的阴模中压制预热的粉末混合粉组成。温压一般需要用专门为之设计的润滑剂与粘结剂。特别是,有机物必须能承受在预热粉末与压制时遭受的温度(一般130~150℃之间)。零件的致密化一般都受到混合粉内部的润滑剂含有量的限制。模壁润滑技术由于可减小内部润滑剂的含有量,就很有可能达到高的密度。在将粉末装入阴模中之前,将一种外部润滑剂喷涂于阴模壁上,可使零件易于压制与脱出。设计的这二种方法都是替代二次压制二次烧结与粉末锻造的低成本工艺。尽管如此,即使是有大量论文确认温压与模壁润滑的潜力大,但他们在粉末冶金产业中的用途仍十分有限。这很可能是因为在工业与生产的条件下,他们都比常规的压制工艺复杂得多。
虽然各种润滑剂解决了一定的零件致密化、脱模的问题,但是零件的性能还是不能和铸造相比,存在空隙多,脆性大,强度低的问题,还需要提高性能。
发明内容
本发明目的就是为了弥补已有技术的缺陷,提供一种高致密性铁基粉末冶金锻造汽车连杆及其制备方法。
一种高致密性铁基粉末冶金锻造汽车连杆,由下列重量份的原料制成:铁粉85-86、氢化铁镁6-8、还原铁粉3-4、NaF0.5-0.6、TaC3.1-3.3、硬脂酸锌0.3-0.4、硅烷偶联剂kh550适量、纳米二硫化钨适量、聚乙二醇适量、去离子水适量。
根据权利要求1所述高致密性铁基粉末冶金锻造汽车连杆的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)制作水雾化铁粉冷却液,将聚乙二醇按0.3-0.4wt%加入去离子水中,再加入2-2.5wt%纳米二硫化钨,搅拌均匀,得到冷却液;
(2)将铁粉、氢化铁镁、还原铁粉混合,再加入混合物的0.6-0.8wt%纳米二硫化钨,送入熔炉中熔化,再将熔化后的合金液继续加热至过热48-52℃,然后注入中间包中,再进行高压雾化处理,喷入第(1)步得到的冷却液中,搅拌至60℃以下再加入0.8-0.9wt%的硅烷偶联剂kh550,搅拌均匀,经沉淀、过滤,干燥,得到粉末;
(3)将第(2)步得到的粉末与其他剩余成分混合,进行球磨、成形、压制、烧结、精整加工,得到坯料;
(4)将坯料进行锻造,锻造压力为558-560Mpa,锻造温度为1010-1020℃,即得。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的:
本发明的优点是:本发明通过在制作水雾化粉末时使用纳米二硫化钨,使得粉末的分散性好、润滑性好,减少了润滑剂的用量,提高了生坯的密度,而且成品的空隙少,大大提高了合金的强度,降低了锻造压力和温度,节约了能源,易锻造成型,锻造后韧性提高多,而且脱模性好。通过使用氢化铁镁、还原铁粉、NaF、TaC,减少氧化,促进合金金相形成,提高了致密性,提高了强度。
具体实施方式
一种高致密性铁基粉末冶金锻造汽车连杆,由下列重量份的原料制成:铁粉85、氢化铁镁7、还原铁粉4、NaF0.6、TaC3.2、硬脂酸锌0.3、硅烷偶联剂kh550适量、纳米二硫化钨适量、聚乙二醇适量、去离子水适量。
根据权利要求1所述高致密性铁基粉末冶金锻造汽车连杆的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)制作水雾化铁粉冷却液,将聚乙二醇按0.3wt%加入去离子水中,再加入2.3wt%纳米二硫化钨,搅拌均匀,得到冷却液;
(2)将铁粉、氢化铁镁、还原铁粉混合,再加入混合物的0.7wt%纳米二硫化钨,送入熔炉中熔化,再将熔化后的合金液继续加热至过热50℃,然后注入中间包中,再进行高压雾化处理,喷入第(1)步得到的冷却液中,搅拌至60℃以下再加入0.8wt%的硅烷偶联剂kh550,搅拌均匀,经沉淀、过滤,干燥,得到粉末;
(3)将第(2)步得到的粉末与其他剩余成分混合,进行球磨、成形、压制、烧结、精整加工,得到坯料;
(4)将坯料进行锻造,锻造压力为560Mpa,锻造温度为1015℃,即得。
实验数据:
制作10mm园柱体试样,经检测生坯密度为7.54g/cm3,滑动系数为0.72,净压力52.3tsi,总压力损耗16tsi,滑动剪切应力比单独使用硬脂酸锌减小了41%,说明脱出性好;
烧结致密度为99.7%,抗拉强度达到795MPa,硬度达到101HRB,冲击功达到32J。
Claims (2)
1.一种高致密性铁基粉末冶金锻造汽车连杆,其特征在于由下列重量份的原料制成:铁粉85-86、氢化铁镁6-8、还原铁粉3-4、NaF0.5-0.6、TaC3.1-3.3、硬脂酸锌0.3-0.4、硅烷偶联剂kh550适量、纳米二硫化钨适量、聚乙二醇适量、去离子水适量。
2.根据权利要求1所述高致密性铁基粉末冶金锻造汽车连杆的制备方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
(1)制作水雾化铁粉冷却液,将聚乙二醇按0.3-0.4wt%加入去离子水中,再加入2-2.5wt%纳米二硫化钨,搅拌均匀,得到冷却液;
(2)将铁粉、氢化铁镁、还原铁粉混合,再加入混合物的0.6-0.8wt%纳米二硫化钨,送入熔炉中熔化,再将熔化后的合金液继续加热至过热48-52℃,然后注入中间包中,再进行高压雾化处理,喷入第(1)步得到的冷却液中,搅拌至60℃以下再加入0.8-0.9wt%的硅烷偶联剂kh550,搅拌均匀,经沉淀、过滤,干燥,得到粉末;
(3)将第(2)步得到的粉末与其他剩余成分混合,进行球磨、成形、压制、烧结、精整加工,得到坯料;
(4)将坯料进行锻造,锻造压力为558-560Mpa,锻造温度为1010-1020℃,即得。
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