CN105325154A - Pond stage-by-stage and area-by-area grass planting and Procambarus clarkii fry continuous-cropping aquiculture method - Google Patents
Pond stage-by-stage and area-by-area grass planting and Procambarus clarkii fry continuous-cropping aquiculture method Download PDFInfo
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- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000009335 monocropping Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 241000238030 Procambarus clarkii Species 0.000 title abstract 10
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 title abstract 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 137
- 241000192043 Echinochloa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 130
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 240000004296 Lolium perenne Species 0.000 claims description 100
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 241000252230 Ctenopharyngodon idella Species 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 241001113556 Elodea Species 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 241000252234 Hypophthalmichthys nobilis Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000238017 Astacoidea Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 241001275890 Megalobrama amblycephala Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003862 health status Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006424 Flood reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 241000209082 Lolium Species 0.000 abstract 3
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241001609213 Carassius carassius Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000015781 Dietary Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010010256 Dietary Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000755266 Kathetostoma giganteum Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021245 dietary protein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002207 metabolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Botany (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a pond stage-by-stage and area-by-area grass planting and Procambarus clarkii fry continuous-cropping aquiculture method, which is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps: 1) performing stage-by-stage and area-by-area grass planting in a pond to construct a proper ecological environment for Procambarus clarkii; 2) delaying 10 days of planting of barnyard grass than ryegrass, wherein the plant heights of the barnyard grass and the ryegrass are kept similar before May 10; 3) filling water into the pond after May 12 to flood the ryegrass to fertilize the water, wherein the level of the water is controlled to be below the interior leaves of the barnyard grass; 4) putting fries and performing Procambarus clarkii aquiculture; 5) performing supplementary feeding to Procambarus clarkii; 6) capturing large Procambarus clarkii and leaving small Procambarus clarkii to improve growth speed of Procambarus clarkii; 7) determining fry putting intensity and time sequence according to flooding progress and grass flooding situations; 8) adjusting and determining feed types, protein content and feeding ratio. The pond stage-by-stage and area-by-area grass planting and Procambarus clarkii fry continuous-cropping aquiculture method has the advantages that the method is simple, the operation is facilitated, the pond utilization ratio is improved, the growth speed of Procambarus clarkii is improved and the utilization and conversion rate of feed to the fries reaches an optimal level.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to pond cultivation technology field, specifically a kind of pond substep subregion kind grass cray fingerling continuous cropping cultural method, be applicable to pond culture, the difference of culture-cycle that utilizes conventional fingerling and cray in breeding process and difference that the space of cultivating pool is utilized in different time sections and implemented.
Background technology
Current, pond single cultivation fingerling cost is large, and benefit is low, and has a big risk.The dietary protein level of throwing something and feeding due to cultivation fingerling is higher, and the metabolite entered at the bottom of pond waters and sedimentation basin increases year by year, cultivates fingerling Pond Silt for many years thick, causes disease to take place frequently; Thorough removing mud expense is large, and do not have the support of project, raiser cannot accomplish, a large amount of mud is piled up nowhere.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention is exactly for prior art Problems existing, substep subregion kind grass cray fingerling continuous cropping cultural method in a kind of pond is provided, Pond Silt can be solved and constantly thicken, the difficult problem that disease takes place frequently, aquatic products harvest yield can be newly increased again, improve output, economy and ecological benefits.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: a kind of pond substep subregion kind grass cray fingerling continuous cropping cultural method, be included in pond and take substep subregion plantation perennial ryegrass and barnyard grass, 5 to early July is to cultivate cray, mid-July to November floods grass time water lev el control to cultivate fingerling for advocating peace into water, by perennial ryegrass and the barnyard grass partial organic substances matter by pond waters and bottom, be transformed into vegetable feed, pass through food chain again, utilize cray and part Grass carp that vegetable feed is transformed into commercial sized prawn and Grass carp, nutriment is migrated out pond after selling by commercial sized prawn and Grass carp, thus reach the benign cycle of pond ecosystem, it is characterized in that carrying out according to the following steps:
1, pond substep subregion kind grass, substituting the pasture and water such as waterweed is that cray builds the ecotope be applicable to; Substitute the pasture and water such as waterweed by plantation perennial ryegrass and barnyard grass, allow pond have the sufficient time to be exposed to the sun, bottom material of pond for breeding by be exposed to the sun for a long time can thoroughly sterilizing, deinsectization, improve bed mud character; In First Year December to Second Year February, after the lack of toxicity of quicklime, drain pond, carry out the solarization pool; There is low-lying place, carry out the method for artificial ditch cleaning, make water flow to place the darkest in the pool voluntarily, then discharge, allow the soil at the bottom of the pool fully tan by the sun; Grass seed selection, higher position at the bottom of the pool can be chosen seeds perennial ryegrass, can choose seeds barnyard grass in lower; The total area coverage of perennial ryegrass and barnyard grass is no more than 60% of the pond gross area;
2, barnyard grass delays to plant for 10 days than perennial ryegrass, at the similar plant height of first two grass maintenance on May 10; Perennial ryegrass implantation time is that March 25 was to April 15, barnyard grass implantation time be April 10 to April 25, more late than perennial ryegrass about 10 days of barnyard grass implantation time, perennial ryegrass implantation time and management: March 25 was to April 15, within continuous 7 days, the maximum air temperature reaches more than 15 DEG C, just can start plantation; Usual perennial ryegrass seeding quantity is 0.5kg/667m
2, sowing area accounts for 20% of the pond gross area; Barnyard grass implantation time and management: barnyard grass was planted annual April 10 to April 25, will notice during plantation that the maximum air temperature is higher than 15 DEG C; Barnyard grass seeding quantity is 1.0kg/667m
2, sowing area accounts for 40% of the pond gross area; Barnyard grass delays to plant for 10 days than perennial ryegrass, May 10 first two keep similar plant height, be convenient to pond and intake in early days, when perennial ryegrass and barnyard grass height growth are to 5cm, water suitably can be gone up in pond, and water level is to be no more than perennial ryegrass and barnyard grass core leaf is as the criterion; Along with the growth of perennial ryegrass and barnyard grass, plant height reaches 30cm preamble and adds water to pond, and water level, when barnyard grass core leaf height is more than 30cm, is added to 30cm and is suitable for throwing in cray seed and is as the criterion by May 10;
3, intake afterwards May 12 and flood perennial ryegrass rich water, water lev el control plays barnyard grass purifying water quality below barnyard grass core leaf; When May 10 perennial ryegrass and barnyard grass height growth to 30cm time, pond intake, water level is added to 30cm and is as the criterion to be no more than barnyard grass core leaf; June to August, pond water level was as the criterion to be no more than barnyard grass core leaf equally, was submerged in by perennial ryegrass under water, and a part decomposes rich water gradually for cray and fingerling provides biological feed, and a part of perennial ryegrass is directly ingested by cray; September to October, pond water level exceeded barnyard grass top equally, and a part of barnyard grass is ingested by Grass carp, and a part decomposes rich water provides biological feed for fingerling, and intaking, it is as shown in table 1 to flood grass time water level;
Table 1: grass time water gage is flooded in water inlet
4, cray culturing time section and seed are thrown in; Pond cray culturing time section be the first tenday period of a month in May to mid-July, this section of time pond is to cultivate cray, and in this period, the water temperature upper limit in pond is no more than 28 DEG C substantially, be conducive to cray growth; When barnyard grass core leaf height is more than 30cm, water level is added to 30cm, throw in cray seed; Cray seedling, due in the process of long-distance transport, easily causes certain injury, so cray seed is to buy as good on the spot; When careless class grows to about 30cm, generally after May 10 then, select physically fit, the cray seed of uniform specification, throw in after the saline solution soaking disinfection 5min ~ 10min of 3% ~ 5%, every 667m
2throwing in specification is 3 ~ 4cm cray seedling about 5000;
5, cray is supplemented and throws something and feeds; Cray feed is based on pond perennial ryegrass, barnyard grass cauline leaf, food organisms, and suitably supplement soya bean of throwing something and feeding, feeding volume is in 1% ~ 2% of pool cray body weight;
6, constantly catch and stay greatly little, expand and stay pool cray living space, improve cray growth rate; Cray is in pond culture to late May, and start Catchable size and reach 20/kg ~ 30/kg and become shrimp listing, take to catch and stay greatly little mode, to June 10, most of cray fishes for listing; Cray cultivates always, fishes for and terminate mid-July residue, will not reach commercial specification cray and also fishes for sale or be transferred to rice field continuation cultivation, and fish for and fish for based on cage; Stay greatly little owing to constantly catching, expand and stay pool cray living space, make cray be in best existence growing environment all the time, greatly improve listing specification and the water quality speed of cray;
7, according to waterflooding progress and careless class by the situation of flooding, determine that fingerling throws in density and release time order; According to pond waterflooding progress and perennial ryegrass by the situation of flooding, throw in bighead, grass carp and megalobrama amblycephala comprehensive utilization perennial ryegrass and barnyard grass cauline leaf and plankton bait June to July; Throw in silver carp regulation and control water quality August, fingerling input kind and density are in table 2;
Table 2: fingerling throws in table
8, determine according to time series adjustment throw something and feed feed kind, protein content and feeding rate, make the utilize conversion ratio of fingerling to feed reach optimum level; Fingerling culturing time section is that early June is to late November; This section of time pond to cultivate fingerling, based on pellet of throwing something and feeding; Perfect compound feed that use legal manufacturer production, that meet relative national standards; Should require that producer provides the file of effective invoice and national quality certification when buying feed; Feeds utilizedly to register, registration form Jiao Shi, county fish quality supervisor; Often criticize feed will keep sample and seal up for safekeeping, all feeds should meet the regulation of NY5072; Comprehensively should analyze according to many factors such as water temperature, water quality, weather conditions, vegetative stage, health status, rationally determine feeding volume, control fingerling and to be satiated with food rate about 90%, feed kind of specifically throwing something and feeding and feeding rate are in table 3.
Table 3: fingerling is thrown something and fed feed kind and feeding rate table
Compared with prior art, advantage of the present invention is: method is simple, easy to operate, promotes the availability of pond Time and place; Substituting the pasture and water such as waterweed is that cray builds the ecotope be applicable to, and plays barnyard grass purifying water quality; Be conducive to cray growth, improve cray growth rate; The utilize conversion ratio of fingerling to feed reaches optimum level.Can produce cray 85 kilograms by mu, the fingerlings 600 kilograms such as silver carp flathead grass crucian carp, the mu wound output value 8500 yuan, is produced into 5500 yuan, can makes a profit about 3000 yuan.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1: pond substep subregion kind grass schematic diagram.
Embodiment
For further describing the present invention, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1:
(1) as shown in the figure, pond substep subregion kind grass, substituting the pasture and water such as waterweed is that cray builds the ecotope be applicable to; Substitute the pasture and water such as waterweed by plantation perennial ryegrass and barnyard grass, allow pond have the sufficient time to be exposed to the sun, bottom material of pond for breeding by be exposed to the sun for a long time can thoroughly sterilizing, deinsectization, improve bed mud character; In First Year December to Second Year February, after the lack of toxicity of quicklime, drain pond, carry out the solarization pool; There is low-lying place, carry out the method for artificial ditch cleaning, make water flow to place the darkest in the pool voluntarily, then discharge, allow the soil at the bottom of the pool fully tan by the sun; Grass seed selection, higher position at the bottom of the pool can be chosen seeds perennial ryegrass etc., can choose seeds barnyard grass etc. in lower; The total area coverage of perennial ryegrass and barnyard grass reaches 50% of the pond gross area.
(2) barnyard grass delays to plant for 10 days than perennial ryegrass, at the similar plant height of first two grass maintenance on May 10; Perennial ryegrass implantation time is that March 25 was to April 15, barnyard grass implantation time be April 10 to April 25, more late than perennial ryegrass about 10 days of barnyard grass implantation time, perennial ryegrass implantation time and management: March 25 was to April 15, within continuous 7 days, the maximum air temperature reaches more than 15 DEG C, just can start plantation; Usual perennial ryegrass seeding quantity is 0.5kg/667m
2, sowing area accounts for 20% of the pond gross area; Barnyard grass implantation time and management: barnyard grass was planted annual April 10 to April 25, will notice during plantation that the maximum air temperature is higher than 15 DEG C; Barnyard grass seeding quantity is 1.0kg/667m
2, sowing area accounts for 30% of the pond gross area; Barnyard grass delays to plant for 10 days than perennial ryegrass, May 10 first two keep similar plant height, be convenient to pond and intake in early days, when perennial ryegrass and barnyard grass height growth are to 5cm, water suitably can be gone up in pond, and water level is to be no more than perennial ryegrass and barnyard grass core leaf is as the criterion; Along with the growth of perennial ryegrass and barnyard grass, plant height reaches 30cm preamble and adds water to pond, and water level, when barnyard grass core leaf height is more than 30cm, is added to 30cm and is suitable for throwing in cray seed and is as the criterion by May 10.
(3) intake afterwards May 12 and flood perennial ryegrass rich water, water lev el control plays barnyard grass purifying water quality below barnyard grass core leaf; When May 10 perennial ryegrass and barnyard grass height growth to 30cm time, pond intake, water level is added to 30cm and is as the criterion to be no more than barnyard grass core leaf; June to August, pond water level was as the criterion to be no more than barnyard grass core leaf equally, was submerged in by perennial ryegrass under water, and a part decomposes rich water gradually for cray and fingerling provides biological feed, and a part of perennial ryegrass is directly ingested by cray; September to October, pond water level exceeded barnyard grass top equally, and a part of barnyard grass is ingested by Grass carp, and a part decomposes rich water provides biological feed for fingerling.
(4) cray culturing time section and seed are thrown in; Pond cray culturing time section be the first tenday period of a month in May to mid-July, this section of time pond is to cultivate cray, and in this period, the water temperature upper limit in pond is no more than 28 DEG C substantially, be conducive to cray growth; When barnyard grass core leaf height is more than 30cm, water level is added to 30cm, throw in cray seed; Cray seedling, due in the process of long-distance transport, easily causes certain injury, so cray seed is to buy as good on the spot; When careless class grows to about 30cm, generally after May 10 then, select physically fit, the cray seed of uniform specification, throw in after the saline solution soaking disinfection 5min ~ 10min of 3% ~ 5%, every 667m
2throwing in specification is 3 ~ 4cm cray seedling about 5000.
(5) cray is supplemented and throws something and feeds; Cray feed is based on pond perennial ryegrass, barnyard grass cauline leaf, food organisms, and suitably supplement soya bean of throwing something and feeding, feeding volume is in 1% ~ 2% of pool cray body weight.
(6) constantly catch and stay greatly little, expand and stay pool cray living space, improve cray growth rate; Cray is in pond culture to late May, and start Catchable size and reach 20/kg ~ 30/kg and become shrimp listing, take to catch and stay greatly little mode, to June 10, most of cray fishes for listing; Cray cultivates always, fishes for and terminate mid-July residue, will not reach commercial specification cray and also fishes for sale or be transferred to rice field continuation cultivation, and fish for and fish for based on cage; Stay greatly little owing to constantly catching, expand and stay pool cray living space, make cray be in best existence growing environment all the time, greatly improve listing specification and the water quality speed of cray.
(7) according to waterflooding progress and careless class by the situation of flooding, determine that fingerling throws in density and release time order; According to pond waterflooding progress and perennial ryegrass by the situation of flooding, throw in bighead, grass carp and megalobrama amblycephala comprehensive utilization perennial ryegrass and barnyard grass cauline leaf and plankton bait June to July; Throw in silver carp regulation and control water quality August, fingerling input kind and density are in table 2.
Table 2: fingerling throws in table
(8) determine according to time series adjustment throw something and feed feed kind, protein content and feeding rate, make the utilize conversion ratio of fingerling to feed reach optimum level; Fingerling culturing time section is that early June is to late November; This section of time pond to cultivate fingerling, based on pellet of throwing something and feeding; Perfect compound feed that use legal manufacturer production, that meet relative national standards; Should require that producer provides the file of effective invoice and national quality certification when buying feed; Feeds utilizedly to register, registration form Jiao Shi, county fish quality supervisor; Often criticize feed will keep sample and seal up for safekeeping, all feeds should meet the regulation of NY5072; Comprehensively should analyze according to many factors such as water temperature, water quality, weather conditions, vegetative stage, health status, rationally determine feeding volume, control fingerling and to be satiated with food rate about 90%, feed kind of specifically throwing something and feeding and feeding rate are in table 3.
Table 3: fingerling is thrown something and fed feed kind and feeding rate table
(9) gather in the crops: the average per unit area yield of cray is 85kg/667m
2, average size is 30 tails/kg, and selling price is 32 yuan/kg, and average output value is 2720 yuan/667m
2; The average per unit area yield of fingerling is 625kg/667m
2, average output value 5750 yuan/667m
2, add up to average output value 8470 yuan/667m
2; Average input cost is that fry and cray seed drop into 1000 yuan/667m
2, feed drops into 3400 yuan/667m
2, 600 yuan/667m is rented on the pool
2, the expense 500 yuan/667m such as artificial, water power
2, add up to cost to be 5500 yuan/667m
2; Average profit is 2970 yuan/667m
2.
Reference examples 1:
Throw in fingerling with embodiment 1, the average per unit area yield of fingerling is 620kg/667m
2, average output value 5704 yuan/667m
2; Average input cost is fry 500 yuan/667m
2, feed drops into 3000 yuan/667m
2, 600 yuan/667m is rented on the pool
2, the expense 500 yuan/667m such as artificial, water power
2, add up to cost to be 4600 yuan/667m
2; Average profit is 1104 yuan/667m
2.
Embodiment 2:
(1) pond substep subregion kind grass, substituting the pasture and water such as waterweed is that cray builds the ecotope be applicable to; Substitute the pasture and water such as waterweed by plantation perennial ryegrass and barnyard grass, allow pond have the sufficient time to be exposed to the sun, bottom material of pond for breeding by be exposed to the sun for a long time can thoroughly sterilizing, deinsectization, improve bed mud character; In First Year December to Second Year February, after the lack of toxicity of quicklime, drain pond, carry out the solarization pool; There is low-lying place, carry out the method for artificial ditch cleaning, make water flow to place the darkest in the pool voluntarily, then discharge, allow the soil at the bottom of the pool fully tan by the sun; Grass seed selection, higher position at the bottom of the pool can be chosen seeds perennial ryegrass, can choose seeds barnyard grass in lower; The total area coverage of perennial ryegrass and barnyard grass reaches 55% of the pond gross area.
(2) barnyard grass delays to plant for 10 days than perennial ryegrass, at the similar plant height of first two grass maintenance on May 10; Perennial ryegrass implantation time is that March 25 was to April 15, barnyard grass implantation time be April 10 to April 25, more late than perennial ryegrass about 10 days of barnyard grass implantation time, perennial ryegrass implantation time and management: March 25 was to April 15, within continuous 7 days, the maximum air temperature reaches more than 15 DEG C, just can start plantation; Usual perennial ryegrass seeding quantity is 0.5kg/667m
2, sowing area accounts for 20% of the pond gross area; Barnyard grass implantation time and management: barnyard grass was planted annual April 10 to April 25, will notice during plantation that the maximum air temperature is higher than 15 DEG C; Barnyard grass seeding quantity is 1.0kg/667m
2, sowing area accounts for 35% of the pond gross area; Barnyard grass delays to plant for 10 days than perennial ryegrass, May 10 first two keep similar plant height, be convenient to pond and intake in early days, when perennial ryegrass and barnyard grass height growth are to 5cm, water suitably can be gone up in pond, and water level is to be no more than perennial ryegrass and barnyard grass core leaf is as the criterion; Along with the growth of perennial ryegrass and barnyard grass, plant height reaches 30cm preamble and adds water to pond, and water level, when barnyard grass core leaf height is more than 30cm, is added to 30cm and is suitable for throwing in cray seed and is as the criterion by May 10.
(3) intake afterwards May 12 and flood perennial ryegrass rich water, water lev el control plays barnyard grass purifying water quality below barnyard grass core leaf; When May 10 perennial ryegrass and barnyard grass height growth to 30cm time, pond intake, water level is added to 30cm and is as the criterion to be no more than barnyard grass core leaf; June to August, pond water level was as the criterion to be no more than barnyard grass core leaf equally, was submerged in by perennial ryegrass under water, and a part decomposes rich water gradually for cray and fingerling provides biological feed, and a part of perennial ryegrass is directly ingested by cray; September to October, pond water level exceeded barnyard grass top equally, and a part of barnyard grass is ingested by Grass carp, and a part decomposes rich water provides biological feed for fingerling.
(4) cray culturing time section and seed are thrown in; Pond cray culturing time section be the first tenday period of a month in May to mid-July, this section of time pond is to cultivate cray, and in this period, the water temperature upper limit in pond is no more than 28 DEG C substantially, be conducive to cray growth; When barnyard grass core leaf height is more than 30cm, water level is added to 30cm, throw in cray seed; Cray seedling, due in the process of long-distance transport, easily causes certain injury, so cray seed is to buy as good on the spot; When careless class grows to about 30cm, generally after May 10 then, select physically fit, the cray seed of uniform specification, throw in after the saline solution soaking disinfection 5min ~ 10min of 3% ~ 5%, every 667m
2throwing in specification is 3 ~ 4cm cray seedling about 5000.
(5) cray is supplemented and throws something and feeds; Cray feed is based on pond perennial ryegrass, barnyard grass cauline leaf, food organisms, and suitably supplement soya bean of throwing something and feeding, feeding volume is in 1% ~ 2% of pool cray body weight.
(6) constantly catch and stay greatly little, expand and stay pool cray living space, improve cray growth rate; Cray is in pond culture to late May, and start Catchable size and reach 20/kg ~ 30/kg and become shrimp listing, take to catch and stay greatly little mode, to June 10, most of cray fishes for listing; Cray cultivates always, fishes for and terminate mid-July residue, will not reach commercial specification cray and also fishes for sale or be transferred to rice field continuation cultivation, and fish for and fish for based on cage; Stay greatly little owing to constantly catching, expand and stay pool cray living space, make cray be in best existence growing environment all the time, greatly improve listing specification and the water quality speed of cray.
(7) according to waterflooding progress and careless class by the situation of flooding, determine that fingerling throws in density and release time order; According to pond waterflooding progress and perennial ryegrass by the situation of flooding, throw in bighead, grass carp and megalobrama amblycephala comprehensive utilization perennial ryegrass and barnyard grass cauline leaf and plankton bait June to July; Throw in silver carp regulation and control water quality August, fingerling input kind and density are in table 2.
Table 2: fingerling throws in table
(8) determine according to time series adjustment throw something and feed feed kind, protein content and feeding rate, make the utilize conversion ratio of fingerling to feed reach optimum level; Fingerling culturing time section is that early June is to late November; This section of time pond to cultivate fingerling, based on pellet of throwing something and feeding; Perfect compound feed that use legal manufacturer production, that meet relative national standards; Should require that producer provides the file of effective invoice and national quality certification when buying feed; Feeds utilizedly to register, registration form Jiao Shi, county fish quality supervisor; Often criticize feed will keep sample and seal up for safekeeping, all feeds should meet the regulation of NY5072; Comprehensively should analyze according to many factors such as water temperature, water quality, weather conditions, vegetative stage, health status, rationally determine feeding volume, control fingerling and to be satiated with food rate about 90%, feed kind of specifically throwing something and feeding and feeding rate are in table 3.
Table 3: fingerling is thrown something and fed feed kind and feeding rate table
(9) gather in the crops: the average per unit area yield of cray is 87.5kg/667m
2, average size is 30 tails/kg, and selling price is 32 yuan/kg, and average output value is 2800 yuan/667m
2.The average per unit area yield of fingerling is 628kg/667m
2, selling price is 9.2 yuan/kg, average output value 5778 yuan/667m
2, add up to average output value 8578 yuan/667m
2; Average input cost is that fry and cray seed drop into 1000 yuan/667m
2, feed drops into 3400 yuan/667m
2, 600 yuan/667m is rented on the pool
2, the expense 500 yuan/667m such as artificial, water power
2, add up to cost to be 5500 yuan/667m
2; Average profit is 3078 yuan/667m
2.
Reference examples 2:
Throw in fingerling with embodiment 2.The average per unit area yield of fingerling is 615kg/667m
2, selling price is 9.2 yuan/kg, average output value 5658 yuan/667m
2; Average input cost is fry 500 yuan/667m
2, feed drops into 3000 yuan/667m
2, 600 yuan/667m is rented on the pool
2, the expense 500 yuan/667m such as artificial, water power
2, add up to cost to be 4600 yuan/667m
2; Average profit is 1058 yuan/667m
2.
Embodiment 3:
(1) pond substep subregion kind grass, substituting the pasture and water such as waterweed is that cray builds the ecotope be applicable to; Substitute the pasture and water such as waterweed by plantation perennial ryegrass and barnyard grass, allow pond have the sufficient time to be exposed to the sun, bottom material of pond for breeding by be exposed to the sun for a long time can thoroughly sterilizing, deinsectization, improve bed mud character; In First Year December to Second Year February, after the lack of toxicity of quicklime, drain pond, carry out the solarization pool; There is low-lying place, carry out the method for artificial ditch cleaning, make water flow to place the darkest in the pool voluntarily, then discharge, allow the soil at the bottom of the pool fully tan by the sun; Grass seed selection, higher position at the bottom of the pool can be chosen seeds perennial ryegrass, can choose seeds barnyard grass in lower; The total area coverage of perennial ryegrass and barnyard grass reaches 60% of the pond gross area.
(2) barnyard grass delays to plant for 10 days than perennial ryegrass, at the similar plant height of first two grass maintenance on May 10; Perennial ryegrass implantation time is that March 25 was to April 15, barnyard grass implantation time be April 10 to April 25, more late than perennial ryegrass about 10 days of barnyard grass implantation time, perennial ryegrass implantation time and management: March 25 was to April 15, within continuous 7 days, the maximum air temperature reaches more than 15 DEG C, just can start plantation; Usual perennial ryegrass seeding quantity is 0.5kg/667m
2, sowing area accounts for 20% of the pond gross area; Barnyard grass implantation time and management: barnyard grass was planted annual April 10 to April 25, will notice during plantation that the maximum air temperature is higher than 15 DEG C; Barnyard grass seeding quantity is 1.0kg/667m
2, sowing area accounts for 40% of the pond gross area; Barnyard grass delays to plant for 10 days than perennial ryegrass, May 10 first two keep similar plant height, be convenient to pond and intake in early days, when perennial ryegrass and barnyard grass height growth are to 5cm, water suitably can be gone up in pond, and water level is to be no more than perennial ryegrass and barnyard grass core leaf is as the criterion; Along with the growth of perennial ryegrass and barnyard grass, plant height reaches 30cm preamble and adds water to pond, and water level, when barnyard grass core leaf height is more than 30cm, is added to 30cm and is suitable for throwing in cray seed and is as the criterion by May 10.
(3) intake afterwards May 12 and flood perennial ryegrass rich water, water lev el control plays barnyard grass purifying water quality below barnyard grass core leaf; When May 10 perennial ryegrass and barnyard grass height growth to 30cm time, pond intake, water level is added to 30cm and is as the criterion to be no more than barnyard grass core leaf; June to August, pond water level was as the criterion to be no more than barnyard grass core leaf equally, was submerged in by perennial ryegrass under water, and a part decomposes rich water gradually for cray and fingerling provides biological feed, and a part of perennial ryegrass is directly ingested by cray; September to October, pond water level exceeded barnyard grass top equally, and a part of barnyard grass is ingested by Grass carp, and a part decomposes rich water provides biological feed for fingerling.
(4) cray culturing time section and seed are thrown in; Pond cray culturing time section be the first tenday period of a month in May to mid-July, this section of time pond is to cultivate cray, and in this period, the water temperature upper limit in pond is no more than 28 DEG C substantially, be conducive to cray growth; When barnyard grass core leaf height is more than 30cm, water level is added to 30cm, throw in cray seed; Cray seedling, due in the process of long-distance transport, easily causes certain injury, so cray seed is to buy as good on the spot; When careless class grows to about 30cm, generally after May 10 then, select physically fit, the cray seed of uniform specification, throw in after the saline solution soaking disinfection 5min ~ 10min of 3% ~ 5%, every 667m
2throwing in specification is 3 ~ 4cm cray seedling about 5000.
(5) cray is supplemented and throws something and feeds; Cray feed is based on pond perennial ryegrass, barnyard grass cauline leaf, food organisms, and suitably supplement soya bean of throwing something and feeding, feeding volume is in 1% ~ 2% of pool cray body weight.
(6) constantly catch and stay greatly little, expand and stay pool cray living space, improve cray growth rate; Cray is in pond culture to late May, and start Catchable size and reach 20/kg ~ 30/kg and become shrimp listing, take to catch and stay greatly little mode, to June 10, most of cray fishes for listing; Cray cultivates always, fishes for and terminate mid-July residue, will not reach commercial specification cray and also fishes for sale or be transferred to rice field continuation cultivation, and fish for and fish for based on cage; Stay greatly little owing to constantly catching, expand and stay pool cray living space, make cray be in best existence growing environment all the time, greatly improve listing specification and the water quality speed of cray.
(7) according to waterflooding progress and careless class by the situation of flooding, determine that fingerling throws in density and release time order; According to pond waterflooding progress and perennial ryegrass by the situation of flooding, throw in bighead, grass carp and megalobrama amblycephala comprehensive utilization perennial ryegrass and barnyard grass cauline leaf and plankton bait June to July; Throw in silver carp regulation and control water quality August, fingerling input kind and density are in table 2.
Table 2: fingerling throws in table
(8) determine according to time series adjustment throw something and feed feed kind, protein content and feeding rate, make the utilize conversion ratio of fingerling to feed reach optimum level; Fingerling culturing time section is that early June is to late November; This section of time pond to cultivate fingerling, based on pellet of throwing something and feeding; Perfect compound feed that use legal manufacturer production, that meet relative national standards; Should require that producer provides the file of effective invoice and national quality certification when buying feed; Feeds utilizedly to register, registration form Jiao Shi, county fish quality supervisor; Often criticize feed will keep sample and seal up for safekeeping, all feeds should meet the regulation of NY5072; Comprehensively should analyze according to many factors such as water temperature, water quality, weather conditions, vegetative stage, health status, rationally determine feeding volume, control fingerling and to be satiated with food rate about 90%, feed kind of specifically throwing something and feeding and feeding rate are in table 3.
Table 3: fingerling is thrown something and fed feed kind and feeding rate table
(9) gather in the crops: the average per unit area yield of cray is 92kg/667m
2, average size is 30 tails/kg, and selling price is 32 yuan/kg, and average output value is 2944 yuan/667m
2.The average per unit area yield of fingerling is 630kg/667m
2, selling price is 9.2 yuan/kg, average output value 5796 yuan/667m
2, add up to average output value 8740 yuan/667m
2; Average input cost is that fry and cray seed drop into 1000 yuan/667m
2, feed drops into 3400 yuan/667m
2, 600 yuan/667m is rented on the pool
2, the expense 500 yuan/667m such as artificial, water power
2, add up to cost to be 5500 yuan/667m
2; Average profit is 3240 yuan/667m
2.
Reference examples 3:
Throw in fingerling with embodiment 1, the average per unit area yield of fingerling is 625kg/667m
2, selling price is 9.2 yuan/kg, average output value 5750 yuan/667m
2; Average input cost is fry 500 yuan/667m
2, feed drops into 3000 yuan/667m
2, 600 yuan/667m is rented on the pool
2, the expense 500 yuan/667m such as artificial, water power
2, add up to cost to be 4600 yuan/667m
2; Average profit is 1150 yuan/667m
2.
The cray produce above-described embodiment 1-3 and reference examples 1-3 and fingerling, contrast its output, the output value, benefit respectively, shown in table 4 specific as follows.
Table 4: check experiment table
From upper table result display, pond of the present invention substep subregion kind grass cray fingerling continuous cropping cultivation: the average every 667m of embodiment 1-3
2produce cray 88.17kg, the output value 2821.33 yuan; Cultivate fingerling 627.67kg, the output value 5774.67 yuan, profit 3096 yuan; Increase profit 1992 yuan than control group, increase by 180.43%.
The average every 667m of reference examples 1-3
2produce cray 0kg, the output value 0 yuan; Cultivate fingerling 620kg, the output value 5704 yuan, profit 1104 yuan.
So the present invention adopts pond substep subregion kind grass, substituting the pasture and water such as waterweed is that cray builds the ecotope be applicable to; Perennial ryegrass rich water is flooded in water inlet, and water lev el control plays barnyard grass purifying water quality below barnyard grass core leaf; Pond cray culturing time section be the first tenday period of a month in May to mid-July, this section of time pond is to cultivate cray, and in this period, the water temperature upper limit in pond is no more than 28 DEG C substantially, be conducive to cray growth; Constantly catch and stay greatly little, expand and stay pool cray living space, improve cray growth rate; According to waterflooding progress and careless class by the situation of flooding, determine that fingerling throws in density and release time order; Determine according to time series adjustment throw something and feed feed kind, protein content and feeding rate, make the utilize conversion ratio of fingerling to feed reach optimum level.Promote the availability of pond Time and place, realize the 1 year results in pond, twice aquatic products; And significantly improve pond unit are cultured output, the output value and economic benefit.
Claims (1)
1. a pond substep subregion kind grass cray fingerling continuous cropping cultural method, be included in pond and take substep subregion plantation perennial ryegrass and barnyard grass, 5 to early July is to cultivate cray, mid-July to November floods grass time water lev el control to cultivate fingerling for advocating peace into water, by perennial ryegrass and the barnyard grass partial organic substances matter by pond waters and bottom, be transformed into vegetable feed, pass through food chain again, utilize cray and part Grass carp that vegetable feed is transformed into commercial sized prawn and Grass carp, nutriment is migrated out pond after selling by commercial sized prawn and Grass carp, thus reach the benign cycle of pond ecosystem, it is characterized in that carrying out according to the following steps:
1) pond substep subregion kind grass, substituting the pasture and water such as waterweed is that cray builds the ecotope be applicable to; Substitute the pasture and water such as waterweed by plantation perennial ryegrass and barnyard grass, allow pond have the sufficient time to be exposed to the sun, bottom material of pond for breeding by be exposed to the sun for a long time can thoroughly sterilizing, deinsectization, improve bed mud character; In First Year December to Second Year February, after the lack of toxicity of quicklime, drain pond, carry out the solarization pool; There is low-lying place, carry out the method for artificial ditch cleaning, make water flow to place the darkest in the pool voluntarily, then discharge, allow the soil at the bottom of the pool fully tan by the sun; Grass seed selection, higher position at the bottom of the pool can be chosen seeds perennial ryegrass, can choose seeds barnyard grass in lower; The total area coverage of perennial ryegrass and barnyard grass is no more than 60% of the pond gross area;
2) barnyard grass delays to plant for 10 days than perennial ryegrass, at the similar plant height of first two grass maintenance on May 10; Perennial ryegrass implantation time is that March 25 was to April 15, barnyard grass implantation time be April 10 to April 25, more late than perennial ryegrass about 10 days of barnyard grass implantation time, perennial ryegrass implantation time and management: March 25 was to April 15, within continuous 7 days, the maximum air temperature reaches more than 15 DEG C, just can start plantation; Usual perennial ryegrass seeding quantity is 0.5kg/667m
2, sowing area accounts for 20% of the pond gross area; Barnyard grass implantation time and management: barnyard grass was planted annual April 10 to April 25, will notice during plantation that the maximum air temperature is higher than 15 DEG C; Barnyard grass seeding quantity is 1.0kg/667m
2, sowing area accounts for 40% of the pond gross area; Barnyard grass delays to plant for 10 days than perennial ryegrass, May 10 first two keep similar plant height, be convenient to pond and intake in early days, when perennial ryegrass and barnyard grass height growth are to 5cm, water suitably can be gone up in pond, and water level is to be no more than perennial ryegrass and barnyard grass core leaf is as the criterion; Along with the growth of perennial ryegrass and barnyard grass, plant height reaches 30cm preamble and adds water to pond, and water level, when barnyard grass core leaf height is more than 30cm, is added to 30cm and is suitable for throwing in cray seed and is as the criterion by May 10;
3) intake afterwards May 12 and flood perennial ryegrass rich water, water lev el control plays barnyard grass purifying water quality below barnyard grass core leaf; When May 10 perennial ryegrass and barnyard grass height growth to 30cm time, pond intake, water level is added to 30cm and is as the criterion to be no more than barnyard grass core leaf; June to August, pond water level was as the criterion to be no more than barnyard grass core leaf equally, was submerged in by perennial ryegrass under water, and a part decomposes rich water gradually for cray and fingerling provides biological feed, and a part of perennial ryegrass is directly ingested by cray; September to October, pond water level exceeded barnyard grass top equally, and a part of barnyard grass is ingested by Grass carp, and a part decomposes rich water provides biological feed for fingerling, and intaking, it is as shown in table 1 to flood grass time water level;
Table 1: grass time water gage is flooded in water inlet
4) cray culturing time section and seed are thrown in; Pond cray culturing time section be the first tenday period of a month in May to mid-July, this section of time pond is to cultivate cray, and in this period, the water temperature upper limit in pond is no more than 28 DEG C substantially, be conducive to cray growth; When barnyard grass core leaf height is more than 30cm, water level is added to 30cm, throw in cray seed; Cray seedling, due in the process of long-distance transport, easily causes certain injury, so cray seed is to buy as good on the spot; When careless class grows to about 30cm, generally after May 10 then, select physically fit, the cray seed of uniform specification, throw in after the saline solution soaking disinfection 5min ~ 10min of 3% ~ 5%, every 667m
2throwing in specification is 3 ~ 4cm cray seedling about 5000;
5) cray is supplemented and throws something and feeds; Cray feed is based on pond perennial ryegrass, barnyard grass cauline leaf, food organisms, and suitably supplement soya bean of throwing something and feeding, feeding volume is in 1% ~ 2% of pool cray body weight;
6) constantly catch and stay greatly little, expand and stay pool cray living space, improve cray growth rate; Cray is in pond culture to late May, and start Catchable size and reach 20/kg ~ 30/kg and become shrimp listing, take to catch and stay greatly little mode, to June 10, most of cray fishes for listing; Cray cultivates always, fishes for and terminate mid-July residue, will not reach commercial specification cray and also fishes for sale or be transferred to rice field continuation cultivation, and fish for and fish for based on cage; Stay greatly little owing to constantly catching, expand and stay pool cray living space, make cray be in best existence growing environment all the time, greatly improve listing specification and the water quality speed of cray;
7) according to waterflooding progress and careless class by the situation of flooding, determine that fingerling throws in density and release time order; According to pond waterflooding progress and perennial ryegrass by the situation of flooding, throw in bighead, grass carp and megalobrama amblycephala comprehensive utilization perennial ryegrass and barnyard grass cauline leaf and plankton bait June to July; Throw in silver carp regulation and control water quality August, fingerling input kind and density are in table 2;
Table 2: fingerling throws in table
8) determine according to time series adjustment throw something and feed feed kind, protein content and feeding rate, make the utilize conversion ratio of fingerling to feed reach optimum level; Fingerling culturing time section is that early June is to late November; This section of time pond to cultivate fingerling, based on pellet of throwing something and feeding; Perfect compound feed that use legal manufacturer production, that meet relative national standards; Should require that producer provides the file of effective invoice and national quality certification when buying feed; Feeds utilizedly to register, registration form Jiao Shi, county fish quality supervisor; Often criticize feed will keep sample and seal up for safekeeping, all feeds should meet the regulation of NY5072; Comprehensively should analyze according to many factors such as water temperature, water quality, weather conditions, vegetative stage, health status, rationally determine feeding volume, control fingerling and to be satiated with food rate about 90%, feed kind of specifically throwing something and feeding and feeding rate are in table 3;
Table 3: fingerling is thrown something and fed feed kind and feeding rate table
。
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| CN111264432A (en) * | 2020-03-16 | 2020-06-12 | 华中农业大学 | Method for specially catching crayfishes in pond for breeding river crabs and crayfishes |
| CN112189602A (en) * | 2020-09-24 | 2021-01-08 | 武汉市农业科学院 | Alternate culture method of cress, crayfish and dace in water body |
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