CN105318825A - Full-bridge three-interdigital metal strain gauge provided with six axially-distributed sensitive grids and capable of measuring axial deflection at outer sides of double-side deflected sensitive grids - Google Patents

Full-bridge three-interdigital metal strain gauge provided with six axially-distributed sensitive grids and capable of measuring axial deflection at outer sides of double-side deflected sensitive grids Download PDF

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CN105318825A
CN105318825A CN201510882140.0A CN201510882140A CN105318825A CN 105318825 A CN105318825 A CN 105318825A CN 201510882140 A CN201510882140 A CN 201510882140A CN 105318825 A CN105318825 A CN 105318825A
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sensitive
grids
grid
sensitive grid
segment
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CN105318825B (en
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张端
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Guangdong Gaohang Intellectual Property Operation Co ltd
Shandong Erwan Ocean Intelligent Technology Co ltd
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Zhejiang University of Technology ZJUT
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Abstract

The invention discloses a full-bridge three-interdigital metal strain gauge provided with six axially-distributed sensitive grids and capable of measuring the axial deflection at the outer sides of double-side deflected sensitive grids. The full-bridge three-interdigital metal strain gauge comprises a base and six sensitive grids fixedly arranged on the base, wherein each sensitive grid comprises a sensitive section and a transition section, and the axes of all the sensitive sections are coplanar parallel straight lines; the axis direction in the plane is the axial direction, and the direction vertical to the axial direction is the horizontal direction; all the sensitive grids are sequentially a left fifth sensitive grid, a left third sensitive grid, a middle left sensitive grid, a middle right sensitive grid, a right third sensitive grid and a right fifth sensitive grid from left to right along the axial direction according to central positions; the centers of the six sensitive grids have no deflection along the horizontal direction and have deflection along the axial direction; the two sensitive grids at the left, the two sensitive grids in the middle and the two sensitive grids at the right are respectively arranged in an interdigital shape; and the total resistance variation values of the six sensitive grids under the same strain are in the ratio of 5:3:8:8:3:5. The full-bridge three-interdigital metal strain gauge can be used for simultaneously measuring the axial first-order deflection of strains on positions where the distance from the left and right outer sides of the centers of the left fifth sensitive grid and the right fifth sensitive grid to the centers is equal to the distance from the centers of the left fifth sensitive grid and the right fifth sensitive grid to the centers of the middle left sensitive grid and the middle right sensitive grid.

Description

Bilateral can be measured and be biased the axial distribution six sensitive grid full-bridge three interdigital metal strain plate of sensitive grid outboard shafts to local derviation
Technical field
The present invention relates to sensor field, especially a kind of metal strain plate.
Background technology
The principle of work of metal resistance strain gauge is resistance strain effect, and namely tinsel is when being subject to effects of strain, and its resistance, along with the size of occurred mechanically deform (stretching or compression), corresponding change occurs.The theoretical formula of resistance strain effect is as follows:
R = ρ L S - - - ( 1 )
Wherein R is its resistance value, and ρ is metal material resistivity, and L is metal material length, and S is metal material sectional area.Tinsel occurs in the process of mechanically deform bearing strain, and ρ, L, S three will change, thus will inevitably cause the change of metal material resistance value.When metal material is stretched, length increases, and sectional area reduces, and resistance value increases; When by compression, length reduces, and sectional area increases, and resistance value reduces.Therefore, as long as the change of resistance value can be measured, just known strained situation wiry.Metal material resistance change rate formula can be derived by relevant knowledges such as formula (1) and the mechanics of materials
Δ R R = K Δ L L = K ϵ - - - ( 2 )
Wherein Δ R is resistance variation amount, and Δ L is the variable quantity of metal material length on pulling force or pressure action direction, and ε is that the strain on same direction is usually called axial strain, and K is metal material ga(u)ge factor.
In actual applications, metal resistance strain gauge is pasted onto the surface of Sensor Elastic Element or tested mechanical component.When the flexible member in sensor or tested mechanical component produce strain by acting force, also there is identical mechanically deform in the foil gauge pasted thereon thereupon, causes foil gauge resistance that corresponding change occurs.At this moment, mechanical quantity is just converted to the variable quantity output of resistance by resistance strain gage.
But we also need the partial derivative understanding workpiece strain sometimes, such as have three kinds of occasions below, but are not limited thereto three, need to use surface of the work strain partial derivative:
The first, concentrate owing to there will be strain near workpiece shapes sudden change place, often become workpiece and first occur damaging part, the strain partial derivative near sudden change place of monitoring shape, this place strain intensity can be obtained intuitively.
Second, exist in a large number by comer pieces in building, bridge, plant equipment, mechanics of materials relevant knowledge tells us, bent beam surface axial strain is directly proportional to section turn moment, the axial partial derivative of section turn moment is directly proportional to cross section shearing strain, namely can know cross section shearing strain by the axial partial derivative of surperficial axial strain, and this shearing strain directly cannot measure at surface of the work with foil gauge;
3rd, during applied elasticity research workpiece strain, internal strain is decided by partial differential equation, and equation solution needs boundary condition, and surface of the work strain partial derivative is exactly one of boundary condition, and this is that general foil gauge cannot provide.
In addition, to some position of workpiece, the such as position such as the shaft shoulder, part edge place, due to the sudden change of geomery, it strains the change that often corresponding existence is larger.But, just due to the sudden change of geomery, make the foil gauge that the more difficult arrangement in this place is general, need a kind of energy inclined edge of monitor strain the sheet even product of edge outer fix instead of center position strain local derviation.So just can realize avoiding more difficult a distance, the target measured point layout foil gauge laying foil gauge, and finally measure the strain local derviation at this target measured point place.
Summary of the invention
The deficiency of strain local derviation cannot be detected in order to overcome existing metal strain plate, the invention provides a kind of can the monitor strain bilateral measured that more effectively can detect the axial local derviation of surface strain be biased axial distribution six sensitive grid full-bridge three from sensitive grid outboard shafts to local derviation interdigital metal strain plate, particularly measuring workpieces corner, edge etc. to foil gauge have size restriction site or other should not arrange the axial single order local derviation of foil gauge position.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
A kind of bilateral of measuring is biased the axial distribution six sensitive grid full-bridge three interdigital metal strain plate of sensitive grid outboard shafts to local derviation, comprise substrate, described metal strain plate also comprises six sensitive grids, and the two ends of each sensitive grid connect a pin respectively, described substrate is fixed described six sensitive grids;
Each sensitive grid comprises sensitive segment and transition section, the two ends of described sensitive segment are transition section, described sensitive segment is elongated strip shaped, described transition section is tubbiness shape, the resistance of described sensitive segment is much larger than the resistance of described transition section, under same strain state, the increased resistance value of described sensitive segment is much larger than the increased resistance value of described transition section, and the increased resistance value of described transition section is close to 0;
All xsect centres of form of each sensitive segment form sensitive segment axis, this sensitive segment axis is straight line section, in described six sensitive grids each sensitive segment axis being parallel and be arranged in same plane, sensitive segment axis is determined in plane, along described sensitive segment axis direction namely axially, be laterally with axially vertical direction; Each sensitive segment exists the xsect that its both sides resistance value is equal, get this cross-section centroid position and with this sensitive segment resistance value for nominal mass is formed the nominal particle of place sensitive segment, the centroid position that the nominal particle of each sensitive segment is formed jointly is the center of sensitive grid;
Bias free in the horizontal between six sensitive grid centers, has deviation in the axial direction; The order of sensitive grid center pressed by six sensitive grids, is followed successively by left five sensitive grids, left three sensitive grids, middle left sensitive grid, middle right sensitive grid, right three sensitive grids and right five sensitive grids vertically from left to right; The spacing at left five sensitive grid centers and middle left sensitive grid center is Δ x 1, the spacing at middle left sensitive grid center and right three sensitive grid centers is also Δ x 1; The spacing at left three sensitive grid centers and middle right sensitive grid center is Δ x 1, the spacing at middle right sensitive grid center and right five sensitive grid centers is also Δ x 1; The distance at left five sensitive grid centers and left three sensitive grid centers is Δ x 2, the distance at middle left sensitive grid center and middle right sensitive grid center is Δ x 2, the spacing at right three sensitive grid centers and right five sensitive grid centers is Δ x 2;
Each sensitive segment axis is determined in plane, in interdigital layout between left five sensitive grids and left three sensitive grids, in interdigital layout between middle left sensitive grid and middle right sensitive grid, in interdigital layout between right five sensitive grids and right three sensitive grids;
The sensitive segment all-in resistance of left five sensitive grids, left three sensitive grids, middle left sensitive grid, middle right sensitive grid, right three sensitive grids and right five sensitive grids is the proportionate relationship of 5:3:8:8:3:5, and left five sensitive grids, left three sensitive grids, middle left sensitive grid, middle right sensitive grid, right three sensitive grids and the all-in resistance changing value of sensitive segment sensitive segment under identical strain of right five sensitive grids are also the proportionate relationship of 5:3:8:8:3:5.
Accordingly, connect left five sensitive grids and right three sensitive grids, middle left sensitive grid, connect left three sensitive grids and right five sensitive grids, middle right sensitive grid just in time forms four brachium pontis of measuring bridge.
Further, all shape of cross section consistent size of each sensitive segment, get the axis point midway of each sensitive segment and with this sensitive segment resistance value for nominal mass is formed the nominal particle of place sensitive segment, the sensitive segment total length of described left five sensitive grids, left three sensitive grids, middle left sensitive grid, middle right sensitive grid, right three sensitive grids and right five sensitive grids is the proportionate relationship of 5:3:8:8:3:5.The program is a kind of scheme that can select, as long as the position of nominal particle meets the equal xsect position of form center of its both sides resistance value, also can be other positions.
Further, two pins of described left five sensitive grids are all positioned at the right side of this sensitive grid, and two pins of right five sensitive grids are all positioned at the left side of this sensitive grid.Object reduces left five sensitive grid centers to the distance of foil gauge left side edge and right five sensitive grid centers to the distance of foil gauge right side edge.
Further again, sensitive grid relatively, the sensitive segment axial length of right five sensitive grids and left five sensitive grids can be shorter and cross direction profiles can be closeer.Object reduces left five sensitive grid centers to the distance of foil gauge left side edge and right five sensitive grid centers to the distance of foil gauge right side edge.
Among six sensitive grids, except being interdigital layout between above-mentioned three pairs of sensitive grids, without the interdigital layout between other sensitive grids.Described interdigital layout refers to: in the plane, in the sensitive segment distribution straggly with two sensitive grids on sensitive segment axes normal direction, the order occur respectively the sensitive segment of two sensitive grids in the direction in which and number of times do not limit in each sensitive segment axis institute of two sensitive grids.
Utilize the linear relationship between metal material increased resistance value and strain, this foil gauge may be used for monitor strain as common foil gauge.On the other hand, according to (" numerical computation method " 21 pages (1.4.11)-(1.4.14) formula as Yi Fengkang etc. compiles, National Defense Industry Press publishes in Dec, 1978 makes equidistant interpolation analysis) in numerical differentiation theory about the circular of single order local derviation, the numerical computation method of the x direction first-order partial derivative of f (x, y) is as follows:
∂ f ∂ x | ( x 2 + h , y ) ≈ 1 2 h [ 3 f ( x 0 , y ) - 8 f ( x 1 , y ) + 5 f ( x 2 , y ) ] - - - ( 3 )
Wherein x 1=x 0+ h, x 2=x 1+ h, paying special attention to above formula is (x 2+ h, y) the first-order partial derivative value formula of position, the truncation error of this formula is less is o (h 2) be the higher order indefinite small of step-length square.By the strain that formula (2) engineering be it is generally acknowledged sensitive grid resistance change direct ratio and sensitive grid center, in conjunction with the proportionate relationship of each sensitive grid resistance and the resistance change under same strain, resistance and the resistance value deducting middle left sensitive grid of left five sensitive grids and right three sensitive grids, distance again divided by left five sensitive grid centers and right three sensitive grid centers is the axial single order numerical value local derviation strained, the axial single order numerical value local derviation of left five sensitive grid centers h distance to the left according to theoretical this of numerical differentiation, here h equals the distance between left five sensitive grid centers to middle left sensitive grid certainly, equally, resistance and the resistance value deducting middle right sensitive grid of right five sensitive grids and left three sensitive grids, distance again divided by right five sensitive grid centers and left three sensitive grid centers is the axial single order numerical value local derviation strained, be the axial single order numerical value local derviation of right five sensitive grid centers h distance to the right according to theoretical this of numerical differentiation, h here equals the distance between right five sensitive grid centers to middle right sensitive grid center certainly.The axial single order local derviation of above-mentioned two positions, place can be measured simultaneously.Therefore the advantage of this foil gauge is that its both sides all can be used for the general foil gauge such as measuring workpieces corner, edge due to size and limit the axial single order local derviation at the position that cannot measure.
Technique should be noted keep left five sensitive grids, left three sensitive grids, middle left sensitive grid, middle right sensitive grid, right three sensitive grids and right five sensitive grid transition section all-in resistances and the variable quantity of transition section resistance under external strain to be that the numerical relation of 5:3:8:8:3:5 is to heighten measuring accuracy, if the resistance of transition section and the lower resistance change of strain be can not ignore, also can be eliminated when detecting as systematic error.
Further, described metal strain plate also comprises cover plate, and described cover plate is covered in described sensitive grid and substrate.
Further again, described sensitive grid is wire form, foil, diaphragm type or thick-film type sensitive grid.
Further, described substrate is glued membrane substrate, glass fabric substrates, asbestos substrate, metallic substrates or temporary substrate.
Described six sensitive grid left, center, right are arranged in substrate.Certainly, also can be other arrangement.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is mainly manifested in: the axial single order local derviation that simultaneously can detect left five left-external side one places, sensitive grid center and right five right outside side one, sensitive grid center places, wherein left five left-external side places, sensitive grid center transversely with left five sensitive grid center bias frees, axially the spacing at this place and left five sensitive grid centers equals the spacing at middle left sensitive grid center and left five sensitive grid centers; Right five right outsides, sensitive grid center transversely with right five sensitive grid center bias frees, axially the spacing at this place and right five sensitive grid centers equals the spacing at middle right sensitive grid center and right five sensitive grid centers.Therefore the present invention can measuring workpieces corner, edge etc. to foil gauge have size restriction site or other should not arrange the axial single order local derviation of foil gauge position.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 can measure bilateral to be biased the schematic diagram of sensitive grid outboard shafts to the interdigital metal strain plate of axial distribution six sensitive grid full-bridge three of local derviation.
Fig. 2 can measure bilateral to be biased the axial distribution six sensitive grid full-bridge three interdigital metal strain plate vertical view of sensitive grid outboard shafts to local derviation.
Fig. 3 is measuring bridge schematic diagram.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described.
With reference to Fig. 1 ~ Fig. 3, a kind of bilateral of measuring is biased the axial distribution six sensitive grid full-bridge three interdigital metal strain plate of sensitive grid outboard shafts to local derviation, comprise substrate, described metal strain plate also comprises six sensitive grids, the two ends of each sensitive grid connect a pin respectively, described substrate are fixed described six sensitive grids;
Each sensitive grid comprises sensitive segment and transition section, the two ends of described sensitive segment are transition section, described sensitive segment is elongated strip shaped, described transition section is tubbiness shape, the resistance of described sensitive segment is much larger than the resistance of described transition section, under same strain state, the increased resistance value of described sensitive segment is much larger than the increased resistance value of described transition section, and the increased resistance value of described transition section is close to 0;
All xsect centres of form of each sensitive segment form sensitive segment axis, this sensitive segment axis is straight line section, in described six sensitive grids each sensitive segment axis being parallel and be arranged in same plane, sensitive segment axis is determined in plane, along described sensitive segment axis direction namely axially, be laterally with axially vertical direction; Each sensitive segment exists the xsect that its both sides resistance value is equal, get this cross-section centroid position and with this sensitive segment resistance value for nominal mass is formed the nominal particle of place sensitive segment, the centroid position that the nominal particle of each sensitive segment is formed jointly is the center of sensitive grid;
Bias free in the horizontal between six sensitive grid centers, has deviation in the axial direction; The order of sensitive grid center pressed by six sensitive grids, is followed successively by left five sensitive grids, left three sensitive grids, middle left sensitive grid, middle right sensitive grid, right three sensitive grids and right five sensitive grids vertically from left to right; The spacing at left five sensitive grid centers and middle left sensitive grid center is Δ x 1, the spacing at middle left sensitive grid center and right three sensitive grid centers is Δ x 1; The spacing at left three sensitive grid centers and middle right sensitive grid center is Δ x 1, the spacing at middle right sensitive grid center and right five sensitive grid centers is Δ x 1; The distance at left five sensitive grid centers and left three sensitive grid centers is Δ x 2, the distance at middle left sensitive grid center and middle right sensitive grid center is Δ x 2, the spacing at right three sensitive grid centers and right five sensitive grid centers is Δ x 2;
Each sensitive segment axis is determined in plane, in interdigital layout between left five sensitive grids in the left side and left three sensitive grids, is interdigital layout, in interdigital layout between right five sensitive grids in the right and right three sensitive grids in middle part between left sensitive grid and middle right sensitive grid;
The sensitive segment all-in resistance of left five sensitive grids, left three sensitive grids, middle left sensitive grid, middle right sensitive grid, right three sensitive grids and right five sensitive grids is the proportionate relationship of 5:3:8:8:3:5, and left five sensitive grids, left three sensitive grids, middle left sensitive grid, middle right sensitive grid, right three sensitive grids and the all-in resistance changing value of sensitive segment sensitive segment under identical strain of right five sensitive grids are also the proportionate relationship of 5:3:8:8:3:5.
Accordingly, connect left five sensitive grids and right three sensitive grids, middle left sensitive grid, connect left three sensitive grids and right five sensitive grids, middle right sensitive grid just in time forms four brachium pontis of measuring bridge.Further, all shape of cross section consistent size of each sensitive segment, get the axis point midway of each sensitive segment and with this sensitive segment resistance value for nominal mass is formed the nominal particle of place sensitive segment, the sensitive segment total length of described left five sensitive grids, left three sensitive grids, middle left sensitive grid, middle right sensitive grid, right three sensitive grids and right five sensitive grids is the proportionate relationship of 5:3:8:8:3:5.The program is a kind of scheme that can select, as long as the position of nominal particle meets the equal xsect position of form center of its both sides resistance value, also can be other positions.
Further, two pins of left five sensitive grids are all positioned at the right side of this sensitive grid, and two pins of right five sensitive grids are all positioned at the left side of this sensitive grid.Object reduces left five sensitive grid centers to the distance of foil gauge left side edge and right five sensitive grid centers to the distance of foil gauge right side edge.
The bilateral measured of the present embodiment is biased the axial distribution six sensitive grid full-bridge three interdigital metal strain plate of sensitive grid outboard shafts to local derviation, comprise substrate 1, described metal strain plate also comprises six sensitive grids, the two ends of each sensitive grid connect a pin respectively, described substrate 1 are fixed described six sensitive grids.
Left five sensitive grids 2, left three sensitive grids 3, middle left sensitive grid 4, middle right sensitive grid 5, right three sensitive grids 6 and right five sensitive grids 7 can be fixed on substrate 1, for keep each sensitive grid fixing shape, position and size; Substrate 1 is very thin, thus the strain of surface of test piece is delivered to exactly left five sensitive grids 2, left three sensitive grids 3, middle left sensitive grid 4, middle right sensitive grid 5, right three sensitive grids 6 and right five sensitive grids 7.Substrate 1 can be glued membrane substrate, glass fabric substrates, asbestos substrate, metallic substrates and temporary substrate.Usually with cohering, weld, substrate is fixed on the tested position of test block by the mode such as ceramic spraying.Substrate 1 also can be printed on the lines that some are located for foil gauge.
The materials such as cover plate paper using or glue are made, and are covered in left five sensitive grids 2, left three sensitive grids 3, middle left sensitive grid 4, middle right sensitive grid 5, right three sensitive grids 6, right five sensitive grids 7 and substrate 1, play the protective seam of the effects such as protection against the tide, corrosion protection, loss prevention.
Pin 8 is for connecting sensitive grid and metering circuit, left five sensitive grids 2, left three sensitive grids 3, middle left sensitive grid 4, middle right sensitive grid 5, right three sensitive grids 6 and right five sensitive grids 7 respectively have two pins 8, to with foil and membrane type foil gauge, a left side five sensitive grid 2 that pin 8 is connected with it, left three sensitive grids 3, middle left sensitive grid 4, middle right sensitive grid 5, right three sensitive grids 6 and right five sensitive grids 7 combine as a whole.Two pins of left five sensitive grids 2 are 8-1 and 8-2, two pins of left three sensitive grids 3 are 8-3 and 8-4, two pins of middle left sensitive grid 4 are 8-5 and 8-6, two pins of middle right sensitive grid 5 are 8-7 and 8-8, two pins of right three sensitive grids 6 are 8-9 and 8-10, and two pins of right five sensitive grids 7 are 8-11 and 8-12.Pin 8-1 and 8-2 is all positioned at the right side of left five sensitive grids 2, and object reduces the distance of left five sensitive grids 2 to foil gauge left side edge; Pin 8-11 and 8-12 is all positioned at the left side of right five sensitive grids 7, and object reduces the distance of right five sensitive grids 7 to foil gauge right side edge.
Left five sensitive grids 2, left three sensitive grids 3, middle left sensitive grid 4, middle right sensitive grid 5, right three sensitive grids 6 and right five sensitive grids 7, according to the difference of its metal sensitive material and processing technology, can be wire form, foil, diaphragm type, thick-film type.No matter the thickness of which kind of left five sensitive grid 2, left three sensitive grids 3, middle left sensitive grid 4, middle right sensitive grid 5, right three sensitive grids 6 and right five sensitive grids 7 is all very little, make the axial length of left five sensitive grids 2, left three sensitive grids 3, middle left sensitive grid 4, middle right sensitive grid 5, right three sensitive grids 6 and right five sensitive grids 7 with it depend on the deformation of workpiece and change.The basic crucial part of the present invention is left five sensitive grids 2, left three sensitive grids 3, middle left sensitive grid 4, middle right sensitive grid 5, cooperation between right three sensitive grids 6 and right five sensitive grids 7, has following main points:
The first, six sensitive grids are arranged in substrate, is called left five sensitive grids 2, left three sensitive grids 3, middle left sensitive grid 4, middle right sensitive grid 5, right three sensitive grids 6 and right five sensitive grids 7.
The second, left five sensitive grids 2, left three sensitive grids 3, middle left sensitive grid 4, middle right sensitive grid 5, right three sensitive grids 6 and right five sensitive grids 7 all can be divided into multiple sensitive segment 9 and multiple transition section 10, and each sensitive segment 9 is connected to form sensitive grid by each transition section 10.Comparatively speaking, sensitive segment 9 is in elongated shape, and resistance is comparatively large and its resistance is comparatively responsive to strain; Described transition section 10, substantially in tubbiness shape, makes the resistance of described transition section very little and insensitive to strain, and under duty, resistance variations is close to 0, and therefore the summation of sensitive segment resistance is the all-in resistance of single sensitive grid substantially.Fig. 2 has marked sensitive segment 9 and transition section 10 in more detail from angle more clearly.
3rd, the sensitive segment of each sensitive grid 9 is in elongated strip, and all xsect centres of form of each sensitive segment 9 form sensitive segment axis, and this sensitive segment 9 axis is straight line section, the axis being parallel of each sensitive segment 9 and be arranged in same plane.All xsects of each sensitive segment 9 are consistent along the projection of shape of sensitive segment axis direction.Get the axis point midway of each sensitive segment and with this sensitive segment resistance value for nominal mass is formed the nominal particle of place sensitive segment, the centroid position that the nominal particle of each sensitive segment is formed jointly is the center of sensitive grid.
4th, left five sensitive grids 2, left three sensitive grids 3, middle left sensitive grid 4, middle right sensitive grid 5, the sensitive segment total length of right three sensitive grids 6 and right five sensitive grids 7 is the proportionate relationship of 5:3:8:8:3:5, left five sensitive grids 2, left three sensitive grids 3, middle left sensitive grid 4, middle right sensitive grid 5, the sensitive segment all-in resistance of right three sensitive grids 6 and right five sensitive grids 7 is the proportionate relationship of 5:3:8:8:3:5, left five sensitive grids 2, left three sensitive grids 3, middle left sensitive grid 4, middle right sensitive grid 5, right three sensitive grids 6 and the all-in resistance changing value of sensitive segment sensitive segment under identical strain of right five sensitive grids 7 are also the proportionate relationship of 5:3:8:8:3:5.Accordingly, connect left five sensitive grids 2 and right three sensitive grids 6, middle left sensitive grid 4, connect left three sensitive grids 3 and right five sensitive grids 7, middle right sensitive grid 5 just in time forms four brachium pontis of measuring bridge.
5th, overlook left five sensitive grids 2, left three sensitive grids 3, middle left sensitive grid 4, middle right sensitive grid 5, right three sensitive grids 6 and right five sensitive grids 7, they all have axis of symmetry and axis of symmetry overlaps (x-axis in Fig. 2), left five sensitive grids 2, left three sensitive grids 3, middle left sensitive grid 4, middle right sensitive grid 5, right three sensitive grids 6 sensitive segment 9 respective with right five sensitive grids 7 is all parallel with this axis of symmetry, and the sensitive segment 9 of each sensitive grid all distributes about this rotational symmetry.Therefore, left five sensitive grids 2, left three sensitive grids 3, middle left sensitive grid 4, middle right sensitive grid 5, right three sensitive grids 6 and right five sensitive grids 7 are coaxial, namely detect equidirectional strain and the center of left five sensitive grids 2, left three sensitive grids 3, middle left sensitive grid 4, middle right sensitive grid 5, right three sensitive grids 6 and right five sensitive grids 7 all in x-axis, there is axial deviation at their center without lateral deviation.According to the vertical view of foil gauge in Fig. 2, the sensitive segment 9 of left five sensitive grids 2 has lateral symmetry axle y l5, the center of left five sensitive grids 2 is at x-axis and y l5the intersection point of axle, the sensitive segment 9 of left three sensitive grids 3 has lateral symmetry axle y l3, the center of left three sensitive grids 2 is at x-axis and y l3the intersection point of axle, the sensitive segment 9 of middle left sensitive grid 4 has lateral symmetry axle y mL, the center of middle left sensitive grid 4 is at x-axis and y mLthe intersection point of axle, the sensitive segment 9 of middle right sensitive grid 5 has lateral symmetry axle y mR, the center of middle right sensitive grid 5 is at x-axis and y mRthe intersection point of axle, the sensitive segment 9 of right three sensitive grids 6 has lateral symmetry axle y r3, the center of right three sensitive grids 6 is at x-axis and y r3the intersection point of axle, the sensitive segment 9 of right five sensitive grids 7 has lateral symmetry axle y r5, the center of right five sensitive grids 7 is at x-axis and y r5the intersection point of axle.
6th, the spacing at the center of left five sensitive grids 2 and the center of middle left sensitive grid 4 is Δ x 1, the spacing at the center of middle left sensitive grid 4 and the center of right three sensitive grids 6 is Δ x 1; Left three sensitive grid centers 3 be Δ x with the spacing at the center of middle right sensitive grid 5 1, the spacing at the center of middle right sensitive grid 5 and the center of right five sensitive grids 7 is Δ x 1; The distance at the left center of five sensitive grids 2 and the center of left three sensitive grids 3 is Δ x 2, the distance at the center of middle left sensitive grid 4 and the center of middle right sensitive grid 5 is Δ x 2, the spacing at the center of right three sensitive grids 6 and the center of right five sensitive grids 7 is Δ x 2, as shown in Figure 2.Shown in Fig. 2, each sensitive segment axis is determined in plane, in interdigital layout between left five sensitive grids 2 in the left side and left three sensitive grids 3, be interdigital layout between left sensitive grid 4 and middle right sensitive grid 5 in middle part, in interdigital layout between right three sensitive grids 6 in the right and right five sensitive grids 7, without the interdigital layout between other sensitive grids.Described interdigital layout refers to: in the plane, in the sensitive segment distribution straggly with two sensitive grids on sensitive segment axes normal direction, the order occur respectively the sensitive segment of two sensitive grids in the direction in which and number of times do not limit in each sensitive segment 9 axis of two sensitive grids institute.Because the relative position of left five sensitive grids 2, left three sensitive grids 3, middle left sensitive grid 4, middle right sensitive grid 5, right three sensitive grids 6 and right five sensitive grids 7 is ensured quite accurately to be secured by foil gauge production technology, this is also that the present invention can detect the key one of of workpiece strain axis to partial derivative.
In sum, left five sensitive grids 2 of the present invention, left three sensitive grids 3, middle left sensitive grid 4, middle right sensitive grid 5, right three sensitive grids 6 and the all-in resistance changing value of sensitive segment sensitive segment under identical strain of right five sensitive grids 7 are also the proportionate relationship of 5:3:8:8:3:5, each sensitive grid central cross bias free, axially have deviation, the spacing at the center of left five sensitive grids 2 and the center of middle left sensitive grid 4 is Δ x 1, the spacing at the center of middle left sensitive grid 4 and the center of right three sensitive grids 6 is Δ x 1; Left three sensitive grid centers 3 be Δ x with the spacing at the center of middle right sensitive grid 5 1, the spacing at the center of middle right sensitive grid 5 and the center of right five sensitive grids 7 is Δ x 1; The distance at the left center of five sensitive grids 2 and the center of left three sensitive grids 3 is Δ x 2, the distance at the center of middle left sensitive grid 4 and the center of middle right sensitive grid 5 is Δ x 2, the spacing at the center of right three sensitive grids 6 and the center of right five sensitive grids 7 is Δ x 2.
Free state bottom left three sensitive grid 3 resistance is made to be R l0, middle right sensitive grid 5 resistance is R m0, right five sensitive grid 7 resistance are R r0, should R be had l0+ R r0=R m0=R 0.Foil gauge of the present invention is placed in certain when having a surface strain, left three sensitive grid 3 resistance are R 0+ Δ R l, middle sensitive grid 4 resistance is R 0+ Δ R m0, right five sensitive grid 7 resistance are R 0+ Δ R r; On the other hand, the center of left three sensitive grids 3 and right five sensitive grids 7 lays respectively at x-axis and y in Fig. 2 lintersection point and x-axis and y rintersection point, axially at a distance of 2 Δ x 1.If for right five sensitive grid 7 central right Δ x 1place, namely x-axis and y in Fig. 2 oRintersection point, utilize the formula of the relation of sensitive grid resistance and surface strain and numerical differentiation (3) to have:
∂ ϵ ∂ x | x ‾ ≈ 3 ϵ L - 8 ϵ M + 5 ϵ R 2 Δx 1 ≈ K ( ΔR L - ΔR M + ΔR R ) 2 Δx 1 - - - ( 4 )
Wherein ε lfor the strain of left three sensitive grid 3 centers, ε mfor the strain of middle right sensitive grid 5 center, ε rfor the strain of right five sensitive grid 7 centers.Namely this is the principle of the present embodiment measured surface strain axis to local derviation.Pay special attention to, the numerical differentiation that above formula calculates is right five sensitive grid 7 center deviation right outside side Δ x 1the strain axis of position is to single order local derviation, and this position is the right side edge of foil gauge even outside edge, therefore has and is convenient to there are the axial single order local derviation of size restriction site in measuring workpieces corner, edge etc. advantage to foil gauge.Composition graphs 2, pin 8-11 and 8-12 of right five sensitive grids 7 is arranged on the left of right five sensitive grids 7, and its object is all to reduce the distance of right five sensitive grid 7 centers to foil gauge right side edge as far as possible, so that play above-mentioned advantage further.Equally, left five sensitive grids 2, middle left sensitive grid 4 and right three sensitive grids 6 can coordinate the left five sensitive grid 2 center deviation left-external side Δ x of calculating 1the strain axis of position is to first-order partial derivative, and this position is arranged in Fig. 2 x-axis and y oLintersection point; Strengthen the density of transversely arranging by the length of the sensitive segment 9 shortening left five sensitive grids 2, and by the left pin arrangement of five sensitive grids 2 and the right side of this sensitive grid, reduce the distance of left five sensitive grid 2 centers to foil gauge left side edge as far as possible.Above-mentioned right five sensitive grid 7 center deviation right outside side Δ x 1the strain axis of position can be measured to the strain axis of single order local derviation and left five sensitive grid 2 center deviation left-external side positions to first-order partial derivative simultaneously.
Coordinated by the present embodiment electric bridge to can be used for monitor strain, strain axis to single order local derviation, suppose that bridge input voltage is u i, output voltage is u o, Fig. 3 is shown in by the schematic diagram of measuring bridge.When without workpiece effects of strain, each arm resistance of electric bridge is labeled as R respectively according to clockwise direction 1, R 2, R 3, R 4, when obscuring also with these sign flag resistance place electric bridges.Each electric bridge can be laid sensitive grid or the resistance of foil gauge.Arrange identical with general foil gauge, if settle sensitive grid on multiple brachium pontis, to the order of each installation position, the requirement of strain difinite quality.During without workpiece effects of strain, the Output Voltage Formula of electric bridge is
u o = R 1 R 3 - R 2 R 4 ( R 1 + R 2 ) ( R 3 + R 4 ) u i ; - - - ( 5 )
Now, bridge balance i.e. u is required o=0, so so-called bridge balance condition R must be met 1r 3-R 2r 4=0, the electric bridge of employing meets further
R 1＝R 2＝R 3＝R 4，(6)
Because, the first, satisfy condition (6) time, the highest according to relevant theoretical foil gauge sensitivity; The second, monitor strain or strain axis are set up to the equal requirement condition of method (6) of local derviation.When foil gauge, with external world's strain, strain also occurs, above-mentioned bridge balance condition is generally no longer set up, now
u o = ( R 1 + ΔR 1 ) ( R 3 + ΔR 3 ) - ( R 2 + ΔR 2 ) ( R 4 + ΔR 4 ) ( R 1 + ΔR 1 + R 2 + ΔR 2 ) ( R 3 + ΔR 3 + R 4 + ΔR 4 ) u i ≈ R 3 + ΔR 1 + R 1 ΔR 3 - R 4 ΔR 2 - R 2 ΔR 4 + ΔR 1 ΔR 3 - ΔR 2 ΔR 4 ( R 1 + R 2 ) ( R 3 + R 4 ) u i ≈ ( ΔR 1 - ΔR 2 ) + ( ΔR 3 - ΔR 4 ) 4 R i u i - - - ( 7 )
Due to Δ R i< < R i(i=1,2,3,4) event first ≈ sets up, and second ≈ is as Δ R 1-Δ R 2with Δ R 3-Δ R 4jack per line or contrary sign but | Δ R 1-Δ R 2| with | Δ R 3-Δ R 4| not very close to time set up, in engineering, choose reasonable foil gauge installation position can realize completely.The voltage measurement strain that general available formula (7) obtains; Can convolution (4) and formula (7) to the axial local derviation of strain, reasonable design arranges each brachium pontis sensitive grid and resistance, such as brachium pontis R 1right sensitive grid 5 in layout, brachium pontis R 2right five sensitive grids 7 of arranged in series and left three sensitive grids 3, all the other brachium pontis configuration substitutional resistance, can obtain and right five sensitive grid 7 center deviation right outside side Δ x 1place's strain axis is to the linear magnitude of voltage u of single order local derviation o, this voltage is that feeble signal need be amplified.

Claims (7)

1. can measure bilateral and be biased the axial distribution six sensitive grid full-bridge three interdigital metal strain plate of sensitive grid outboard shafts to local derviation for one kind, comprise substrate, it is characterized in that: described metal strain plate also comprises six sensitive grids, the two ends of each sensitive grid connect a pin respectively, described substrate are fixed described six sensitive grids;
Each sensitive grid comprises sensitive segment and transition section, the two ends of described sensitive segment are transition section, described sensitive segment is elongated strip shaped, described transition section is tubbiness shape, the resistance of described sensitive segment is much larger than the resistance of described transition section, under same strain state, the increased resistance value of described sensitive segment is much larger than the increased resistance value of described transition section, and the increased resistance value of described transition section is close to 0;
All xsect centres of form of each sensitive segment form sensitive segment axis, this sensitive segment axis is straight line section, in described six sensitive grids each sensitive segment axis being parallel and be arranged in same plane, sensitive segment axis is determined in plane, along described sensitive segment axis direction namely axially, be laterally with axially vertical direction; Each sensitive segment exists the xsect that its both sides resistance value is equal, get this cross-section centroid position and with this sensitive segment resistance value for nominal mass is formed the nominal particle of place sensitive segment, the centroid position that the nominal particle of each sensitive segment is formed jointly is the center of sensitive grid;
Bias free in the horizontal between six sensitive grid centers, has deviation in the axial direction; The order of sensitive grid center pressed by six sensitive grids, is followed successively by left five sensitive grids, left three sensitive grids, middle left sensitive grid, middle right sensitive grid, right three sensitive grids and right five sensitive grids vertically from left to right; The spacing at left five sensitive grid centers and middle left sensitive grid center is Δ x 1, the spacing at middle left sensitive grid center and right three sensitive grid centers is also Δ x 1; The spacing at left three sensitive grid centers and middle right sensitive grid center is Δ x 1, the spacing at middle right sensitive grid center and right five sensitive grid centers is also Δ x 1; The distance at left five sensitive grid centers and left three sensitive grid centers is Δ x 2, the distance at middle left sensitive grid center and middle right sensitive grid center is Δ x 2, the spacing at right three sensitive grid centers and right five sensitive grid centers is Δ x 2;
Each sensitive segment axis is determined in plane, in interdigital layout between left five sensitive grids in the left side and left three sensitive grids, be interdigital layout between left sensitive grid and middle right sensitive grid in middle part, in interdigital layout between right five sensitive grids in the right and right three sensitive grids, without the interdigital layout between other sensitive grids;
The sensitive segment all-in resistance of left five sensitive grids, left three sensitive grids, middle left sensitive grid, middle right sensitive grid, right three sensitive grids and right five sensitive grids is the proportionate relationship of 5:3:8:8:3:5, and left five sensitive grids, left three sensitive grids, middle left sensitive grid, middle right sensitive grid, right three sensitive grids and the all-in resistance changing value of sensitive segment sensitive segment under identical strain of right five sensitive grids are also the proportionate relationship of 5:3:8:8:3:5.
2. can measure bilateral as claimed in claim 1 and be biased the axial distribution six sensitive grid full-bridge three interdigital metal strain plate of sensitive grid outboard shafts to local derviation, it is characterized in that: all shape of cross section consistent size of each sensitive segment, get the axis point midway of each sensitive segment and with this sensitive segment resistance value for nominal mass is formed the nominal particle of place sensitive segment, the sensitive segment total length of described left five sensitive grids, left three sensitive grids, middle left sensitive grid, middle right sensitive grid, right three sensitive grids and right five sensitive grids is the proportionate relationship of 5:3:8:8:3:5.
3. can measure bilateral as claimed in claim 1 or 2 and be biased the axial distribution six sensitive grid full-bridge three interdigital metal strain plate of sensitive grid outboard shafts to local derviation, it is characterized in that: two pins of described left five sensitive grids are all positioned at the right side of this sensitive grid, and two pins of right five sensitive grids are all positioned at a left side for this sensitive grid.
4. can measure bilateral as claimed in claim 1 or 2 and be biased the axial distribution six sensitive grid full-bridge three interdigital metal strain plate of sensitive grid outboard shafts to local derviation, it is characterized in that: described metal strain plate also comprises cover plate, described cover plate is covered in described sensitive grid and substrate.
5. can measure bilateral as claimed in claim 1 or 2 and be biased the axial distribution six sensitive grid full-bridge three interdigital metal strain plate of sensitive grid outboard shafts to local derviation, it is characterized in that: described sensitive grid is wire form, foil, diaphragm type or thick-film type sensitive grid.
6. can measure bilateral as claimed in claim 1 or 2 and be biased the axial distribution six sensitive grid full-bridge three interdigital metal strain plate of sensitive grid outboard shafts to local derviation, it is characterized in that: described substrate is glued membrane substrate, glass fabric substrates, asbestos substrate, metallic substrates or temporary substrate.
7. can measure bilateral as claimed in claim 1 or 2 and be biased the axial distribution six sensitive grid full-bridge three interdigital metal strain plate of sensitive grid outboard shafts to local derviation, it is characterized in that: described six sensitive grid left, center, right are arranged in substrate.
CN201510882140.0A 2015-12-04 2015-12-04 Axially distribution six sensitive grid full-bridges, three interdigital metal strain plate Expired - Fee Related CN105318825B (en)

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