CN105509632A - Lateral distribution type five sensitive grid side interdigital metal strain gauge capable of measuring external lateral offset of bilateral sensitive grid - Google Patents
Lateral distribution type five sensitive grid side interdigital metal strain gauge capable of measuring external lateral offset of bilateral sensitive grid Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge
- G01B7/18—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge using change in resistance
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Abstract
The invention provides a lateral distribution type five sensitive grid side interdigital metal strain gauge capable of measuring the external lateral offset of a bilateral sensitive grid. The five sensitive grid side interdigital metal strain gauge comprises a substrate and five sensitive grids fixedly arranged on the substrate. Each sensitive grid comprises a sensitive section and a transition section. All sensitive sections are axially parallel and are in the form of straight lines in the same plane. In the above plane, the axial direction is just the direction along the axis and the lateral direction is vertical to the axial direction. No deviation exists in the axial directions of the centers of the five sensitive grids, while the five sensitive grids deviate from one another in the lateral direction thereof. According to the sequence of the central positions of the five sensitive grids, the five sensitive grids are arranged in such a manner that, along the lateral direction, an upper fifth sensitive grid and an upper third sensitive grid are arranged from top to bottom firstly. Secondly, an intermediate sensitive grid is arranged. Finally, a lower third sensitive grid and a lower fifth sensitive grid are arranged. The two upper sensitive grids and the two lower sensitive grids are respectively arranged in the interdigital form. The all-in resistance change values of the above five sensitive grids are in the ratio of 5:3:8:3:5. The intermediate sensitive grid is multiplexed in the time sharing manner. According to the technical scheme of the invention, the lateral first-order partial derivative of the spacing between the upper/lower outside of the centers of the upper fifth sensitive grid and the lower fifth sensitive grid and the center, relative to the spacing between the center and the center of the intermediate sensitive grid, can be figured out almost at the same time.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to sensor field, especially a kind of metal strain plate.
Background technology
The principle of work of metal resistance strain gauge is resistance strain effect, and namely tinsel is when being subject to effects of strain, and its resistance, along with the size of occurred mechanically deform (stretching or compression), corresponding change occurs.The theoretical formula of resistance strain effect is as follows:
Wherein R is its resistance value, and ρ is metal material resistivity, and L is metal material length, and S is metal material sectional area.Tinsel occurs in the process of mechanically deform bearing strain, and ρ, L, S will change, thus will inevitably cause the change of metal material resistance value.When metal material is stretched, length increases, and sectional area reduces, and resistance value increases; When by compression, length reduces, and sectional area increases, and resistance value reduces.Therefore, as long as the change of resistance value can be measured, just known strained situation wiry.Metal material resistance change rate formula can be derived by relevant knowledges such as formula (1) and the mechanics of materials
Wherein Δ R is resistance variation amount, and Δ L is the variable quantity of metal material length on pulling force or pressure action direction, and ε is that the strain on same direction is usually called axial strain, and K is metal material ga(u)ge factor.
In actual applications, metal resistance strain gauge is pasted onto the surface of Sensor Elastic Element or tested mechanical component.When the flexible member in sensor or tested mechanical component produce strain by acting force, also there is identical mechanically deform in the foil gauge pasted thereon thereupon, causes foil gauge resistance that corresponding change occurs.At this moment, mechanical quantity is just converted to the variable quantity output of resistance by resistance strain gage.
But we also need the partial derivative understanding workpiece strain sometimes, such as have five kinds of occasions below, but are not limited thereto five, need to use surface of the work strain partial derivative:
The first, concentrate owing to there will be strain near workpiece shapes sudden change place, often become workpiece and first occur damaging part, the strain partial derivative near sudden change place of monitoring shape, this place strain intensity can be obtained intuitively.
Second, exist in a large number by comer pieces in building, bridge, plant equipment, mechanics of materials relevant knowledge tells us, bent beam surface axial strain is directly proportional to section turn moment, the axial first-order partial derivative of section turn moment is directly proportional to cross section shearing strain, namely can know cross section shearing strain by the axial first-order partial derivative of surperficial axial strain, and this shearing strain directly cannot measure at surface of the work with foil gauge;
3rd, during applied elasticity research workpiece strain, internal strain is decided by partial differential equation, and equation solution needs boundary condition, and surface of the work strain partial derivative is exactly one of boundary condition, and this is that general foil gauge cannot provide.
In addition, to some position of workpiece, the such as position such as the shaft shoulder, part edge place, due to the sudden change of geomery, it strains the change that often corresponding existence is larger.But, just due to the sudden change of geomery, make the foil gauge that the more difficult arrangement in this place is general, need a kind of energy inclined edge of monitor strain the sheet even product of edge outer fix instead of center position strain local derviation.So just can realize avoiding more difficult a distance, the target measured point layout foil gauge laying foil gauge, and finally measure the strain local derviation at this target measured point place.
Summary of the invention
The deficiency of strain local derviation cannot be detected in order to overcome existing metal strain plate, the invention provides a kind of can the monitor strain bilateral measured that more effectively can detect the horizontal local derviation of the surface strain cross direction profiles five sensitive grid the limit interdigital metal strain plate, particularly measuring workpieces corner, edge etc. that are biased horizontal local derviation outside sensitive grid to foil gauge have size restriction site or other should not arrange the horizontal single order local derviation of foil gauge position.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
A kind ofly measure the interdigital metal strain plate in cross direction profiles five sensitive grid limit that bilateral is biased horizontal local derviation outside sensitive grid, comprise substrate, described metal strain plate also comprises five sensitive grids, and the two ends of each sensitive grid connect a pin respectively, described substrate is fixed described five sensitive grids;
Each sensitive grid comprises sensitive segment and transition section, the two ends of described sensitive segment are transition section, described sensitive segment is elongated strip shaped, described transition section is tubbiness shape, the resistance of described sensitive segment is much larger than the resistance of described transition section, under same strain state, the increased resistance value of described sensitive segment is much larger than the increased resistance value of described transition section, and the increased resistance value of described transition section is close to 0;
All xsect centres of form of each sensitive segment form sensitive segment axis, this sensitive segment axis is straight line section, in described five sensitive grids each sensitive segment axis being parallel and be arranged in same plane, sensitive segment axis is determined in plane, along described sensitive segment axis direction namely axially, be laterally with axially vertical direction; Each sensitive segment exists the xsect that its both sides resistance value is equal, get this cross-section centroid position and with this sensitive segment resistance value for nominal mass is formed the nominal particle of place sensitive segment, the centroid position that the nominal particle of each sensitive segment is formed jointly is the center of sensitive grid;
Five sensitive grid center bias frees in the axial direction, part has deviation in the horizontal; The order of sensitive grid center pressed by each sensitive grid, and transversely from top to bottom, being first upper five sensitive grids and upper three sensitive grids, is then middle sensitive grid, is finally lower three sensitive grids and lower five sensitive grids; The distance at upper five sensitive grid centers and upper three sensitive grid centers is 0, and the distance at upper five sensitive grid centers and middle sensitive grid center is Δ y
1, the distance at middle sensitive grid center and lower five sensitive grid centers is Δ y
1, the distance at lower five sensitive grid centers and lower three sensitive grid centers is 0, and each sensitive segment axis is determined in plane, and upper five sensitive grids and upper three sensitive grids are interdigital layout, and lower three sensitive grids and lower five sensitive grids are interdigital layout;
The sensitive segment all-in resistance of upper five sensitive grids, upper three sensitive grids, middle sensitive grid, down three sensitive grids and lower five sensitive grids is the proportionate relationship of 5:3:8:3:5, the proportionate relationship of all-in resistance changing value also in 5:3:8:3:5 of sensitive segment sensitive segment under identical strain of upper five sensitive grids, upper three sensitive grids, middle sensitive grid, down three sensitive grids and lower five sensitive grids.
Further, all shape of cross section consistent size of each sensitive segment, get the axis point midway of each sensitive segment and with this sensitive segment resistance value for nominal mass is formed the nominal particle of place sensitive segment, the sensitive segment total length of described upper five sensitive grids, upper three sensitive grids, middle sensitive grid, lower three sensitive grids and lower five sensitive grids is the proportionate relationship of 5:3:8:3:5.The program is a kind of scheme that can select, as long as the position of nominal particle meets the equal xsect position of form center of its both sides resistance value, also can be other positions.
In five sensitive grids, upper five sensitive grids and upper three sensitive grids are interdigital layout, and lower three sensitive grids and lower five sensitive grids are interdigital layout, and without other interdigital deployment scenarios; Described interdigital layout refers to: in the plane, in the sensitive segment distribution straggly with two sensitive grids on sensitive segment axes normal direction, the order occur respectively the sensitive segment of two sensitive grids in the direction in which and number of times do not limit in each sensitive segment axis institute of two sensitive grids;
Utilize the linear relationship between metal material increased resistance value and strain, this foil gauge may be used for monitor strain as common foil gauge.On the other hand, according to (" numerical computation method " 21 pages (1.4.11)-(1.4.14) formula as Yi Fengkang etc. compiles, National Defense Industry Press publishes in Dec, 1978 makes equidistant interpolation analysis) in numerical differentiation theory about the circular of single order local derviation, the numerical computation method of the y direction first-order partial derivative of f (x, y) is as follows:
Wherein y
1=y
0+ h, y
2=y
1+ h, paying special attention to above formula is (x, y
2+ h) the first-order partial derivative value formula of position, the truncation error of this formula is less is o (h
2) be the higher order indefinite small of step-length square.By formula (2) engineering being thought the strain at sensitive grid resistance change direct ratio and sensitive grid center as three, in conjunction with the proportionate relationship of each sensitive grid resistance and the resistance change under same strain; Resistance and the resistance value deducting middle sensitive grid of upper five sensitive grids and lower three sensitive grids, again except the distance at above five sensitive grid centers and lower three sensitive grid centers is the horizontal single order numerical value local derviation strained, the horizontal single order numerical value local derviation of upper five sensitive grid centers h distance upward according to theoretical this of numerical differentiation, here h equals the distance between five sensitive grid centers to middle sensitive grid center certainly, thus to survey be not horizontal single order local derviation outside portion in the middle part of foil gauge but on the upper side or coboundary; Equally, resistance and the resistance value deducting middle sensitive grid of lower five sensitive grids and upper three sensitive grids, again except the distance at following five sensitive grid centers and upper three sensitive grid centers is the horizontal single order numerical value local derviation strained, the horizontal single order numerical value local derviation of lower five sensitive grid centers h distance downwards according to theoretical this of numerical differentiation, here h equals the distance between lower five sensitive grid centers to middle sensitive grid center certainly, thus to survey be not in the middle part of foil gauge but horizontal single order local derviation outside partial below or lower limb.Can centering sensitive grid time-sharing multiplex by metering circuit, almost can measure the horizontal single order local derviation of above-mentioned two positions, place simultaneously.Therefore the advantage of this foil gauge is that its upper and lower both sides all can limit the horizontal single order local derviation at the position that cannot measure due to size by the general foil gauge such as measuring workpieces corner, edge.
Technique should be noted keep five sensitive grids, on three sensitive grids, middle sensitive grid, lower three sensitive grids and lower five sensitive grid transition section all-in resistances and the variable quantity of transition section resistance under external strain be that the numerical relation of 5:3:8:3:5 is to heighten measuring accuracy, if the resistance of transition section and the lower resistance change of strain be can not ignore, also can be eliminated when detecting as systematic error.
Further, described metal strain plate also comprises cover plate, and described cover plate is covered in described sensitive grid and substrate.
Further again, described sensitive grid is wire form, foil, diaphragm type or thick-film type sensitive grid.
Further, described substrate is glued membrane substrate, glass fabric substrates, asbestos substrate, metallic substrates or temporary substrate.
Described five sensitive grid upper, middle and lower are arranged in substrate.Certainly, also can be other arrangement.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is mainly manifested in: by centering sensitive grid time-sharing multiplex, almost can to detect on five sensitive grid centers the horizontal single order local derviation at one place, outside under one place, outside and lower five sensitive grid centers simultaneously, wherein to go up on five sensitive grid centers outside axially with upper five sensitive grid center bias frees, transversely the spacing at this place and upper five sensitive grid centers equals the spacing at middle sensitive grid center and upper five sensitive grid centers; Axial sensitive grid center, up and down five, outside bias free under lower five sensitive grid centers, transversely the spacing at this place and lower five sensitive grid centers equals the spacing at middle sensitive grid center and lower five sensitive grid centers.Therefore the present invention can measuring workpieces corner, edge etc. to foil gauge have size restriction site or other should not arrange the horizontal single order local derviation of foil gauge position.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 can measure the schematic diagram that bilateral is biased the interdigital metal strain plate in cross direction profiles five sensitive grid limit of horizontal local derviation outside sensitive grid.
Fig. 2 can measure the vertical view that bilateral is biased the interdigital metal strain plate in cross direction profiles five sensitive grid limit of horizontal local derviation outside sensitive grid.
Fig. 3 is measuring bridge schematic diagram.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described.
With reference to Fig. 1 ~ Fig. 3, a kind ofly measure the interdigital metal strain plate in cross direction profiles five sensitive grid limit that bilateral is biased horizontal local derviation outside sensitive grid, comprise substrate, described metal strain plate also comprises five sensitive grids, the two ends of each sensitive grid connect a pin respectively, described substrate are fixed described five sensitive grids;
Each sensitive grid comprises sensitive segment and transition section, the two ends of described sensitive segment are transition section, described sensitive segment is elongated strip shaped, described transition section is tubbiness shape, the resistance of described sensitive segment is much larger than the resistance of described transition section, under same strain state, the increased resistance value of described sensitive segment is much larger than the increased resistance value of described transition section, and the increased resistance value of described transition section is close to 0;
All xsect centres of form of each sensitive segment form sensitive segment axis, this sensitive segment axis is straight line section, in described five sensitive grids each sensitive segment axis being parallel and be arranged in same plane, sensitive segment axis is determined in plane, along described sensitive segment axis direction namely axially, be laterally with axially vertical direction; Each sensitive segment exists the xsect that its both sides resistance value is equal, get this cross-section centroid position and with this sensitive segment resistance value for nominal mass is formed the nominal particle of place sensitive segment, the centroid position that the nominal particle of each sensitive segment is formed jointly is the center of sensitive grid;
Five sensitive grid center bias frees in the axial direction, part has deviation in the horizontal; The order of sensitive grid center pressed by each sensitive grid, and transversely from top to bottom, being first upper five sensitive grids and upper three sensitive grids, is then middle sensitive grid, is finally lower three sensitive grids and lower five sensitive grids; The distance at upper five sensitive grid centers and upper three sensitive grid centers is 0, and the distance at upper five sensitive grid centers and middle sensitive grid center is Δ y
1, the distance at middle sensitive grid center and lower five sensitive grid centers is Δ y
1, the distance at lower five sensitive grid centers and lower three sensitive grid centers is 0, and each sensitive segment axis is determined in plane, and upper five sensitive grids and upper three sensitive grids are interdigital layout, and lower three sensitive grids and lower five sensitive grids are interdigital layout;
The sensitive segment all-in resistance of upper five sensitive grids, upper three sensitive grids, middle sensitive grid, down three sensitive grids and lower five sensitive grids is the proportionate relationship of 5:3:8:3:5, the proportionate relationship of all-in resistance changing value also in 5:3:8:3:5 of sensitive segment sensitive segment under identical strain of upper five sensitive grids, upper three sensitive grids, middle sensitive grid, down three sensitive grids and lower five sensitive grids.
Further, all shape of cross section consistent size of each sensitive segment, get the axis point midway of each sensitive segment and with this sensitive segment resistance value for nominal mass is formed the nominal particle of place sensitive segment, the sensitive segment total length of described upper five sensitive grids, upper three sensitive grids, middle sensitive grid, lower three sensitive grids and lower five sensitive grids is the proportionate relationship of 5:3:8:3:5.The program is a kind of scheme that can select, as long as the position of nominal particle meets the equal xsect position of form center of its both sides resistance value, also can be other positions.
In five sensitive grids, upper five sensitive grids and upper three sensitive grids are interdigital layout, and lower three sensitive grids and lower five sensitive grids are interdigital layout, and without other interdigital deployment scenarios; Described interdigital layout refers to: in the plane, in the sensitive segment distribution straggly with two sensitive grids on sensitive segment axes normal direction, the order occur respectively the sensitive segment of two sensitive grids in the direction in which and number of times do not limit in each sensitive segment axis institute of two sensitive grids.
The bilateral measured of the present embodiment is biased the interdigital metal strain plate in cross direction profiles five sensitive grid limit of horizontal local derviation outside sensitive grid, comprise substrate 1, described metal strain plate also comprises five sensitive grids, the two ends of each sensitive grid connect a pin respectively, described substrate 1 are fixed described five sensitive grids.
Five sensitive grids 2, upper three sensitive grids 3, middle sensitive grid 4, lower three sensitive grids 5 and lower five sensitive grids 6 can be fixed on substrate 1, for keep each sensitive grid fixing shape, position and size; Substrate 1 is very thin, thus the strain of surface of test piece is delivered to exactly upper five sensitive grids 2, upper three sensitive grids 3, middle sensitive grid 4, lower three sensitive grids 5 and lower five sensitive grids 6.Substrate 1 can be glued membrane substrate, glass fabric substrates, asbestos substrate, metallic substrates and temporary substrate.Usually with cohering, weld, substrate is fixed on the tested position of test block by the mode such as ceramic spraying.Substrate 1 also can be printed on the lines that some are located for foil gauge.
The materials such as cover plate paper using or glue are made, and are covered in five sensitive grids 2, upper three sensitive grids 3, middle sensitive grid 4, lower three sensitive grids 5, lower five sensitive grids 6 and substrate 1, play the protective seam of the effects such as protection against the tide, corrosion protection, loss prevention.
Pin 7 is for connecting sensitive grid and metering circuit, upper five sensitive grids 2, upper three sensitive grids 3, middle sensitive grid 4, lower three sensitive grids 5 and lower five sensitive grids 6 respectively have two pins 7, to with foil and membrane type foil gauge, upper five sensitive grids 2 that pin 7 is connected with it, upper three sensitive grids 3, middle sensitive grid 4, lower three sensitive grids 5 and lower five sensitive grids 6 combine as a whole.Two pins of upper five sensitive grids 2 are 7-1 and 7-2, two pins of upper three sensitive grids 3 are 7-3 and 7-4, two pins of middle sensitive grid 4 are 7-5 and 7-6, and two pins of lower three sensitive grids 5 are 7-7 and 7-8, and two pins of lower five sensitive grids 6 are 7-9 and 7-10.
Upper five sensitive grids 2, upper three sensitive grids 3, middle sensitive grid 4, lower three sensitive grids 5 and lower five sensitive grids 6, according to the difference of its metal sensitive material and processing technology, can be wire form, foil, diaphragm type, thick-film type.No matter the thickness of which kind of upper five sensitive grid 2, upper three sensitive grids 3, middle sensitive grid 4, lower three sensitive grids 5 and lower five sensitive grids 6 is all very little, make five sensitive grids 2, upper three sensitive grids 3, middle sensitive grid 4, lower three sensitive grids 5 and time five sensitive grids 6 axial length with it depend on the deformation of workpiece and change.The basic crucial part of the present invention is five sensitive grids 2, upper three sensitive grids 3, middle sensitive grid 4, cooperation between lower three sensitive grids 5 and lower five sensitive grids 6, has following main points:
The first, five sensitive grids are arranged in substrate, is called five sensitive grids 2, upper three sensitive grids 3, middle sensitive grid 4, lower three sensitive grids 5 and lower five sensitive grids 6.
The second, upper five sensitive grids 2, upper three sensitive grids 3, middle sensitive grid 4, lower three sensitive grids 5 and lower five sensitive grids 6 all can be divided into sensitive segment 8 and transition section 9, and each sensitive segment 8 is connected to form sensitive grid by each transition section 9.Comparatively speaking, sensitive segment 8 is in elongated shape, and resistance is comparatively large and its resistance is comparatively responsive to strain; Described transition section 9, substantially in tubbiness shape, makes the resistance of described transition section very little and insensitive to strain, and under duty, resistance variations is close to 0, and therefore the summation of sensitive segment resistance is the all-in resistance of single sensitive grid substantially.Fig. 2 has marked sensitive segment 8 and transition section 9 in more detail from angle more clearly.
3rd, the sensitive segment of each sensitive grid 8 is in elongated strip, and all xsect centres of form of each sensitive segment 8 form sensitive segment axis, and this sensitive segment 8 axis is straight line section, the axis being parallel of each sensitive segment 8 and be arranged in same plane.All xsects of each sensitive segment 8 are consistent along the projection of shape of sensitive segment axis direction.Get the axis point midway of each sensitive segment and with this sensitive segment resistance value for nominal mass is formed the nominal particle of place sensitive segment, the centroid position that the nominal particle of each sensitive segment is formed jointly is the center of sensitive grid.
4th, sensitive segment 8 total length of upper five sensitive grids 2, upper three sensitive grids 3, middle sensitive grid 4, down three sensitive grids 5 and lower five sensitive grids 6 is the proportionate relationship of 5:3:8:3:5, sensitive segment 8 all-in resistance of upper five sensitive grids 2, upper three sensitive grids 3, middle sensitive grid 4, down three sensitive grids 5 and lower five sensitive grids 6 is the proportionate relationship of 5:3:8:3:5, the proportionate relationship of all-in resistance changing value also in 5:3:8:3:5 of sensitive segment 8 sensitive segment under identical strain of upper five sensitive grids 2, upper three sensitive grids 3, middle sensitive grid 4, down three sensitive grids 5 and lower five sensitive grids 6.
5th, overlook five sensitive grids 2, upper three sensitive grids 3, middle sensitive grid 4, lower three sensitive grids 5 and lower five sensitive grids 6, they all have axis of symmetry and axis of symmetry overlaps (y-axis in Fig. 2), upper five sensitive grids 2, upper three sensitive grids 3, middle sensitive grid 4, lower three sensitive grids 5 sensitive segment 8 respective with lower five sensitive grids 6 is all vertical with this axis of symmetry, and the sensitive segment 8 of each sensitive grid all distributes about this rotational symmetry.Therefore, can say five sensitive grids 2, upper three sensitive grids 3, middle sensitive grid 4, lower three sensitive grids 5 and lower five sensitive grid 6 centers all in y-axis, there is part deviation in their center bias free in the axial direction in the horizontal.According to the vertical view of foil gauge in Fig. 2, the sensitive segment 8 of upper five sensitive grids 2 and upper three sensitive grids 3 has axial axis of symmetry x
u, the center of upper five sensitive grids 2 and upper three sensitive grids 3 is at y-axis and x
uthe intersection point of axle, the sensitive segment 8 of middle sensitive grid 4 has axial axis of symmetry x
m, the center of middle sensitive grid 4 is at y-axis and x
mthe intersection point of axle, the sensitive segment 8 of lower three sensitive grids 5 and lower five sensitive grids 6 has axial axis of symmetry x
l, the center of lower three sensitive grids 5 and lower five sensitive grids 6 is at y-axis and x
lthe intersection point of axle.
6th, the distance at the center of upper five sensitive grids 2 and the center of upper three sensitive grids 3 is 0, and the distance at the upper center of five sensitive grids 2 and the center of middle sensitive grid 4 is Δ y
1, the distance at the center of middle sensitive grid 4 and the center of lower five sensitive grids 6 is Δ y
1, the lower center of three sensitive grids 5 and the distance at lower five sensitive grid centers 6 are 0, as shown in Figure 2.On top, five sensitive grids 2 and upper three sensitive grids 3 are in interdigital layout, and lower three sensitive grids 5 and lower five sensitive grids 6 are in interdigital layout below, and without other interdigital deployment scenarios; Described interdigital layout refers to: in the plane, in the sensitive segment distribution straggly with two sensitive grids on sensitive segment axes normal direction, the order occur respectively the sensitive segment of two sensitive grids in the direction in which and number of times do not limit in each sensitive segment axis institute of two sensitive grids.Because the relative position of upper five sensitive grids 2, upper three sensitive grids 3, middle sensitive grid 4, lower three sensitive grids 5 and lower five sensitive grids 6 is ensured quite accurately to be secured by foil gauge production technology, this is also that the present invention can detect workpiece and strains one of key of horizontal partial derivative.
In sum, in the present invention, five sensitive grids 2, upper three sensitive grids 3, middle sensitive grid 4, lower three sensitive grids 5 and lower five sensitive grids 6 increased resistance value under same strain are the proportionate relationship of 5:3:8:3:5; , there is part deviation in the horizontal in each sensitive grid center bias free in the axial direction; The distance at the center of upper five sensitive grids 2 and the center of upper three sensitive grids 3 is 0, and the distance at the upper center of five sensitive grids 2 and the center of middle sensitive grid 4 is Δ y
1, the distance at the center of middle sensitive grid 4 and the center of lower five sensitive grids 6 is Δ y
1, the lower center of three sensitive grids 5 and the distance at lower five sensitive grid centers 6 are 0.
Under making free state, upper three sensitive grid 3 resistance are R
u0, middle sensitive grid 4 resistance is R
m0, lower five sensitive grid 6 resistance are R
l0, should R be had
u0+ R
l0=R
m0=R
0.Foil gauge of the present invention is placed in certain when having a surface strain, upper three sensitive grid 3 resistance are R
0+ Δ R
u, middle sensitive grid 4 resistance is R
0+ Δ R
m, lower five sensitive grid 6 resistance are R
0+ Δ R
l; On the other hand, the center of upper three sensitive grids 3 and lower five sensitive grids 6 lays respectively at y-axis and x in Fig. 2
uintersection point and y-axis and x
lintersection point, transversely at a distance of 2 Δ y
1.The formula of the relation of sensitive grid resistance and surface strain and numerical differentiation (3) is utilized to have:
Wherein
for lower five sensitive grid 6 central lower Δ y
1position, namely y-axis and x in Fig. 2
oLintersection point, ε
ufor the strain of upper three sensitive grid 3 centers, ε
mfor the strain of middle sensitive grid 4 center, ε
lfor the strain of lower five sensitive grid 6 centers.Namely this is the principle that the present embodiment measured surface strains horizontal local derviation.Pay special attention to, the numerical differentiation that above formula calculates is lower five sensitive grid 6 central lower Δ y
1the horizontal single order local derviation of strain at place, this position is, outside the downside of foil gauge or lower limb, therefore have and be convenient to there are the horizontal single order local derviation of size restriction site in measuring workpieces corner, edge etc. advantage to foil gauge.In same utilization, five sensitive grids 2, middle sensitive grid 4 and lower three sensitive grids 5, also can measure five sensitive grid 2 overcentre Δ y
1place, namely y-axis and x in Fig. 2
oUintersection point, the horizontal single order local derviation of strain.Above-mentioned lower five sensitive grid 6 central lower Δ y
1the horizontal single order local derviation of strain at place and upper five sensitive grid 2 overcentre Δ y
1the horizontal first-order partial derivative of strain at place can realize almost measuring by centering sensitive grid 4 time-sharing multiplex simultaneously.
Coordinated by the present embodiment electric bridge to can be used for monitor strain, strain horizontal single order local derviation, suppose that bridge input voltage is u
i, output voltage is u
o, Fig. 3 is shown in by the schematic diagram of measuring bridge.When without workpiece effects of strain, each arm resistance of electric bridge is labeled as R respectively according to clockwise direction
1, R
2, R
3, R
4, when obscuring also with these sign flag resistance place electric bridges.Each electric bridge can be laid sensitive grid or the resistance of foil gauge.Arrange identical with general foil gauge, if settle sensitive grid on multiple brachium pontis, to the order of each installation position, the requirement of strain difinite quality.During without workpiece effects of strain, the Output Voltage Formula of electric bridge is
Now, bridge balance i.e. u is required
o=0, so so-called bridge balance condition R must be met
1r
3-R
2r
4=0, the electric bridge of employing meets further
R
1=R
2=R
3=R
4, (6) because, the first, satisfy condition (6), the highest according to relevant theoretical foil gauge sensitivity; The second, monitor strain or strain horizontal local derviation the equal requirement condition of method (6) set up.When foil gauge, with external world's strain, strain also occurs, above-mentioned bridge balance condition is generally no longer set up, now
Due to Δ R
i< < R
i(i=1,2,3,4) event first ≈ sets up, and second ≈ is as Δ R
1-Δ R
2with Δ R
3-Δ R
4jack per line or contrary sign but | Δ R
1-Δ R
2| with | Δ R
3-Δ R
4| not very close to time set up, in engineering, choose reasonable foil gauge installation position can realize completely.The voltage measurement strain that general available formula (7) obtains; Can convolution (4) and formula (7) to the horizontal local derviation of strain, reasonable design arranges each brachium pontis sensitive grid and resistance, such as brachium pontis R
1sensitive grid 4 in layout, brachium pontis R
2three sensitive grids 3 and lower five sensitive grids 6 in arranged in series, all the other brachium pontis configuration substitutional resistance, can obtain and lower five sensitive grid 6 central lower Δ y
1the magnitude of voltage u that place's horizontal single order local derviation of strain is linear
o, this voltage is that feeble signal need be amplified.
Claims (6)
1. can measure the interdigital metal strain plate in cross direction profiles five sensitive grid limit that bilateral is biased horizontal local derviation outside sensitive grid for one kind, comprise substrate, it is characterized in that: described metal strain plate also comprises five sensitive grids, the two ends of each sensitive grid connect a pin respectively, described substrate are fixed described five sensitive grids;
Each sensitive grid comprises sensitive segment and transition section, the two ends of described sensitive segment are transition section, described sensitive segment is elongated strip shaped, described transition section is tubbiness shape, the resistance of described sensitive segment is much larger than the resistance of described transition section, under same strain state, the increased resistance value of described sensitive segment is much larger than the increased resistance value of described transition section, and the increased resistance value of described transition section is close to 0;
All xsect centres of form of each sensitive segment form sensitive segment axis, this sensitive segment axis is straight line section, in described five sensitive grids each sensitive segment axis being parallel and be arranged in same plane, sensitive segment axis is determined in plane, along described sensitive segment axis direction namely axially, be laterally with axially vertical direction; Each sensitive segment exists the xsect that its both sides resistance value is equal, get this cross-section centroid position and with this sensitive segment resistance value for nominal mass is formed the nominal particle of place sensitive segment, the centroid position that the nominal particle of each sensitive segment is formed jointly is the center of sensitive grid;
Five sensitive grid center bias frees in the axial direction, part has deviation in the horizontal; The order of sensitive grid center pressed by each sensitive grid, and transversely from top to bottom, being first upper five sensitive grids and upper three sensitive grids, is then middle sensitive grid, is finally lower three sensitive grids and lower five sensitive grids; The distance at upper five sensitive grid centers and upper three sensitive grid centers is 0, and the distance at upper five sensitive grid centers and middle sensitive grid center is Δ y
1, the distance at middle sensitive grid center and lower five sensitive grid centers is Δ y
1, the distance at lower five sensitive grid centers and lower three sensitive grid centers is 0, and each sensitive segment axis is determined in plane, and upper five sensitive grids and upper three sensitive grids are interdigital layout, and lower three sensitive grids and lower five sensitive grids are interdigital layout;
The sensitive segment all-in resistance of upper five sensitive grids, upper three sensitive grids, middle sensitive grid, down three sensitive grids and lower five sensitive grids is the proportionate relationship of 5:3:8:3:5, the proportionate relationship of all-in resistance changing value also in 5:3:8:3:5 of sensitive segment sensitive segment under identical strain of upper five sensitive grids, upper three sensitive grids, middle sensitive grid, down three sensitive grids and lower five sensitive grids.
2. can measure the interdigital metal strain plate in cross direction profiles five sensitive grid limit that bilateral is biased horizontal local derviation outside sensitive grid as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: all shape of cross section consistent size of each sensitive segment, get the axis point midway of each sensitive segment and with this sensitive segment resistance value for nominal mass is formed the nominal particle of place sensitive segment, the sensitive segment total length of described upper five sensitive grids, upper three sensitive grids, middle sensitive grid, lower three sensitive grids and lower five sensitive grids is the proportionate relationship of 5:3:8:3:5.
3. can measure the interdigital metal strain plate in cross direction profiles five sensitive grid limit that bilateral is biased horizontal local derviation outside sensitive grid as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: described metal strain plate also comprises cover plate, described cover plate is covered in described sensitive grid and substrate.
4. can measure the interdigital metal strain plate in cross direction profiles five sensitive grid limit that bilateral is biased horizontal local derviation outside sensitive grid as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: described sensitive grid is wire form, foil, diaphragm type or thick-film type sensitive grid.
5. can measure the interdigital metal strain plate in cross direction profiles five sensitive grid limit that bilateral is biased horizontal local derviation outside sensitive grid as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: described substrate is glued membrane substrate, glass fabric substrates, asbestos substrate, metallic substrates or temporary substrate.
6. can measure the interdigital metal strain plate in cross direction profiles five sensitive grid limit that bilateral is biased horizontal local derviation outside sensitive grid as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: described five sensitive grid upper, middle and lower are arranged in substrate.
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| CN201510883448.7A CN105509632B (en) | 2015-12-04 | 2015-12-04 | It can measure the five interdigital metal strain plate in sensitive grid side of cross direction profiles of bilateral biasing sensitive grid local derviation laterally outside |
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| CN201510883448.7A CN105509632B (en) | 2015-12-04 | 2015-12-04 | It can measure the five interdigital metal strain plate in sensitive grid side of cross direction profiles of bilateral biasing sensitive grid local derviation laterally outside |
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