CN105301541B - The measuring device and method of the magnetic coil X of atom magnetometer, Y-axis non-orthogonal angles - Google Patents
The measuring device and method of the magnetic coil X of atom magnetometer, Y-axis non-orthogonal angles Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention is directed to propose the measuring device and method of a kind of saddle shaped coil X suitable for SERF atom magnetometer, Y-axis non-orthogonal angles, belong to optical detection, weak magnetic detection and uniform magnetic field coil technical field.The present invention, which is directed to three-dimensional magnetic coil nonorthogonality, influences this problem of SERF atomic spin magnetometer sensitivity, proposes the measurement method and device of saddle shaped coil X based on Bloch kinetics equation, Y-axis non-orthogonal angles.The present invention fills up saddle shaped coil X, the measurement method of Y-axis non-orthogonal angles and the blank of device of atom magnetometer, and magnetic field deviation is estimated and compensated for atom magnetometer and provides effective reference, and is provided safeguard to promote the sensitivity of SERF atom magnetometer.
Description
Technical field
The measurement method of the saddle shaped coil X, Y-axis non-orthogonal angles that the present invention relates to a kind of suitable for SERF atom magnetometer with
Device belongs to optical detection, weak magnetic detection and uniform magnetic field coil technical field.
Background technique
Without spin cross relaxation (Spin Exchange Relaxation Free Regime, SERF) atomic spin magnetic strength
Counting (hereinafter referred to as atom magnetometer) has high theoretical sensitivity, can be widely applied to multidisciplinary area research, therefore, it
Domestic and foreign scholars are had become to try to be the first the project of development.Up to the present, the Romalis group of Princeton University successfully realizes
160aT/Hz1/2Magnetic-field measurement sensitivity, this be the mankind realize highest magnetic-field measurement sensitivity, so far, atom magnetometer
The performance of performance far super superconductive quantum interference magnetometer.
Atom magnetometer is based on hyperfine level atom transition, and work the magnetic-field measurement dress under weak magnetic environment
It sets, it is made of multi-part, wherein three-dimensional magnetic coil is one of its important component.For atom magnetometer, three-dimensional magnet-wire
Circle mainly has two aspect purposes: first is that the residual magnetic field inside compensation magnetic shielding barrel；Second is that for generating demarcation signal.In atom
In magnetometer, there are mainly of two types for common three-dimensional magnetic coil-helmholtz coil and saddle shaped coil.One group of Hai Muhe
Hereby coil is to be equal to coil radius by the completely the same coil arranged in co-axial alignment of two radiuses and the number of turns and spacing to be connected in series, three
Dimension helmholtz coil is then that the coil as three groups is mutually perpendicular to be distributed to constituting.However, three-dimensional helmholtz coil
Self structure cause its volume more huge, be not suitable for miniaturization, integrated atom magnetometer.Saddle shaped coil is in circle
The axis direction of cylinder skeleton places multipair circular coil, and places two pairs of rulers respectively in orthogonal two direction of damaged surface
Very little saddle type coil identical with the number of turns.Usually in use, the axial direction of saddle shaped coil skeleton is defined as the side z by us
To, and the saddle type coil direction that two pairs on cylinder are mutually perpendicular to place is respectively defined as the direction x and y.
Compared with helmholtz coil, saddle shaped coil is with small in size, the big equal clear superiorities in field homogeneity area.Therefore, exist
In atom magnetometer, saddle shaped coil gradually replaces helmholtz coil.Nevertheless, making saddle due to caused by self structure
Type coil is in machining process it is difficult to ensure that the orthogonality of orthogonality, especially X and Y-direction.And this nonorthogonality is direct
Magnetic-field measurement sensitivity is influenced, therefore, it is necessary to X and Y-direction non-orthogonal angles be accurately measured, so as to inclined to estimate and compensating magnetic field
Difference provides foundation, and provides basis for accurate measure atom magnetometer sensitivity.
To solve the above problems, the present invention proposes that a kind of saddle shaped coil X for being suitable for SERF atom magnetometer, Y-axis are non-just
The measurement method and device of the angle of cut.This method only relies upon the kinetics equation and atom magnetometer device sheet of atom magnetometer
Body, and independent of any additional instrument and equipment.The present invention can estimate and compensate magnetic field deviation for atom magnetometer
Effectively reference is provided.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: in order to fill up the X of three-dimensional magnetic coil of SERF atom magnetometer, the measuring device of Y-axis non-orthogonal angles
With the blank of method, the present invention proposes a kind of Three-Dimensional Magnetic of suitable atom magnetometer based on atom magnetometer kinetics equation
The measuring device and method of the X of coil, Y-axis non-orthogonal angles, the present invention will mention to promote SERF atomic spin magnetometer sensitivity
For ensureing.
Technical solution: the measuring device of the magnetic coil X of atom magnetometer, Y-axis non-orthogonal angles, including alkali metal gas chamber, use
In the magnetic shielding barrel without magnetoelectricity heating device, for shielding external magnetic field that alkali metal gas chamber is heated, for generate direct current or
Three-dimensional magnetic coil, pump light source system and the detection light-source system of alternating magnetic field；
The alkali metal gas chamber is located at the center of atom magnetometer, and enclosed inside has alkali metal atom, outside
No magnetoelectricity heating device, three-dimensional magnetic coil and magnetic shielding barrel are successively surrounded from inside to outside；
The pump light source system generates the pumping laser propagated along Z-direction, and the detection light-source system is generated along the side X
To the detection laser of propagation, the pumping laser and the center detected laser and be orthogonal to the alkali metal gas chamber.
Further, the detection light-source system includes detection laser, the detection laser that the detection laser issues
Successively pass through the first reflecting mirror, ensure to check that laser beam axis is adjustableThe laser passed through is become the first of polarised light by wave plate
After the polarizer, Faraday modulator pass through the alkali metal gas chamber it is orthogonal with pumping laser after, then successively pass through another first
The polarizer, photodetector, demodulated signal lock-in amplifier, finally by oscillograph output test result.
Further, the pump light source system includes optically pumped laser, the pumping laser that the optically pumped laser issues
Successively through the second reflecting mirror, beam expanding lens, second polarizer and pumping laser become into circularly polarized lightEnter institute after wave plate
State alkali metal gas chamber.
Further, inert gas and buffer gas are mixed in the alkali metal atom encapsulated in the alkali metal gas chamber.
Further, small vacuum system is also accompanied between the no magnetoelectricity heating device and three-dimensional magnetic coil.
Further, the three-dimensional magnetic coil can be three-dimensional saddle type magnetic coil or last of the twelve Earthly Branches nurse hertz magnetic coil.
The measurement method of the magnetic coil X of atom magnetometer, Y-axis non-orthogonal angles, measuring process are as follows:
Step 1: arrangement optical path is simultaneously adjusted optical path, make the pump light source system generate pumping laser with it is described
The detection laser that detection light-source system generates is orthogonal to the center of the alkali metal gas chamber；
Step 2: it opens the no magnetoelectricity heating device and the alkali metal gas chamber is heated, and utilize the three-dimensional
Magnetic coil compensates the tri- direction remnant field of X, Y, Z in the magnetic shielding barrel to nearly zero, and making remanent magnetism not influences subsequent survey
Amount；
Step 3: in the variation magnetic field Z-direction application -2160nT~2160nT, while it is inclined to apply a big direct current in the Y direction
Set magnetic field By；
Step 4: recording the output signal that the photodetector detects, and carries out data according to fitting formula and is fitted
To ByIn the projection magnetic field B of X-directionyx, fitting formula are as follows:
Wherein, c ByIt is projected in X direction magnetic field, a, b, d, e are fitting coefficient, and concrete meaning: a is equilibrium polarisation
Rate, b are the displacement of Z-direction light, and d is the ratio of total relaxation rate and gyromagnetic ratio, and e is constant value biasing；
Step 5: the non-orthogonal angles of X-direction and Y-direction are acquired according to trigonometric function:
Further, the wavelength of the pumping laser is 770.108nm, and the wavelength of the detection laser is 776.2mm.
Further, the alkali metal gas chamber is heated to 180 DEG C or so by the no magnetoelectricity heating device.
Further, DC bias magnetic field B is adjustedyOne is respectively repeated steps to step 5 to different value, is obtained different straight
Flow bias magnetic field ByUnder the X of the three-dimensional magnetic coil, Y-axis non-orthogonal angles measurement result, then make even to these measurement results
Mean value obtains the end value of the X of the three-dimensional magnetic coil, Y-axis non-orthogonal angles.
The utility model has the advantages that (1) fills up the measuring device of the three-dimensional magnetic coil X, Y-axis non-orthogonal angles that lack SERF atom magnetometer
With the blank of method；
(2) magnetic field deviation being estimated and compensated for atom magnetometer, effective reference is provided；
(3) it is provided safeguard to promote the sensitivity of SERF atom magnetometer.
Detailed description of the invention
Attached drawing 1 is the magnetic coil X of atom magnetometer, the schematic diagram of the measuring device of Y-axis non-orthogonal angles, in which: 1 is
Faraday modulator；2 be first polarizer；3 areWave plate；4 be detection laser；5 be the first reflecting mirror；6 be alkali metal gas
Room；7 be no magnetoelectricity heating device；8 be small vacuum system；9 be optically pumped laser；10 be beam expanding lens；11 areWave plate；12 be magnetic
Shield bucket；13 be three-dimensional magnetic coil；14 be photodetector；15 be lock-in amplifier；16 be oscillograph；17 are polarized for second
Device；18 be the second reflecting mirror；
Attached drawing 2 is X, the Y-axis non-orthogonal angles schematic diagram of three-dimensional magnetic coil, in which: I is the DC bias magnetic field B appliedy；
II is DC bias magnetic field ByProjection B in the direction yyy；III is DC bias magnetic field ByProjection B in the direction xyx；IV is the direction x
The small magnetic field B not compensatedx；V is saddle shaped coil X, Y-axis non-orthogonal angles.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawing.
It is as shown in Fig. 1 the magnetic coil X of atom magnetometer, the schematic diagram of the measuring device of Y-axis non-orthogonal angles, including alkali
Metal air chamber 6, for alkali metal gas chamber 6 heat without magnetoelectricity heating device 7, small vacuum system 8, for shielding external magnetic field
Magnetic shielding barrel 12, the three-dimensional magnetic coil 13 for generating direct current or alternating magnetic field, pump light source system and detection light source system
System；Three-dimensional magnetic coil 13 can be three-dimensional saddle type magnetic coil or last of the twelve Earthly Branches nurse hertz magnetic coil.
The alkali metal gas chamber 6 is located at the center of atom magnetometer, and enclosed inside has alkali metal atom, alkali metal
Inert gas and buffer gas are mixed in atom；No magnetoelectricity heating device 7, small vacuum are successively surrounded outside it from inside to outside
System 8, three-dimensional magnetic coil 13 and magnetic shielding barrel 12；
The pump light source system generates the pumping laser propagated along Z-direction, and the detection light-source system is generated along the side X
To the detection laser of propagation, the pumping laser and the center detected laser and be orthogonal to the alkali metal gas chamber 6.Edge
The circular polarization pumping laser that Z-direction is propagated is by the electron-spin polarization of the alkali metal atom in alkali metal gas chamber 6, perpendicular to pumping
The magnetic field of laser can cause spin polarization direction small deflection, this deflection angle can be examined by a branch of linearly polarized light propagated in X direction
It surveys, according to this principle, atom magnetometer can be constructed.
The detection light-source system includes detection laser 4, and the detection laser that the detection laser 4 issues successively passes through
First reflecting mirror 5 ensures to check that laser beam axis is adjustableWave plate 3, first polarizer that the laser passed through is become to polarised light
2, passed through after Faraday modulator 1 the alkali metal gas chamber 6 it is orthogonal with pumping laser after, then successively by another the first
Inclined device 2, photodetector 14, demodulated signal lock-in amplifier 15, finally by 16 output test result of oscillograph.
The pump light source system includes optically pumped laser 9, and the pumping laser that the optically pumped laser 9 issues is successively through the
Two-mirror 18, beam expanding lens 10, second polarizer 17 and pumping laser is become into circularly polarized lightEnter after wave plate described
Alkali metal gas chamber 6.
Atom magnetometer kinetics equation can be described by Bloch equation,
Wherein,For electronic polarizability, q is deceleration parameter, γeFor electronic rotating magnetism ratio,For external magnetic field, RopFor pumping
Rate, RsdSpin destroys relaxation rate,For direction unit vector.
Assuming that changes of magnetic field is extremely slow, formula (1) left side is enabled to be equal to zero, can get atom magnetometer along tri- direction X, Y, Z
Steady state solution:
Wherein, RtotFor resultant spin relaxation rate.
If external magnetic field is sufficiently small, and atom magnetometer is suppressed the response of X and Z-direction magnetic field substantially, then,
The output signal of magnetometer can approximate representation are as follows:
Wherein, RtotFor resultant spin relaxation rate.
The measurement method of the magnetic coil X of atom magnetometer, Y-axis non-orthogonal angles, measuring process are as follows:
Step 1: optical path adjusting.Arrangement optical path is simultaneously adjusted optical path, so that the pump light source system is generated pumping and swashs
The detection laser that light and the detection light-source system generate is orthogonal to the center of the alkali metal gas chamber 6；The pumping swashs
The wavelength of light is 770.108nm, and the wavelength of the detection laser is 776.2mm；
Step 2: system prepares.The no magnetoelectricity heating device 7 is opened to carry out the alkali metal gas chamber 6 to be heated to 180
DEG C or so, and compensated the tri- direction remnant field of X, Y, Z in the magnetic shielding barrel 12 to close using the three-dimensional magnetic coil 13
Zero, making remanent magnetism not influences subsequent measurement；
Step 3: start to test.In the variation magnetic field Z-direction application -2160nT~2160nT, while applying in the Y direction
One big DC bias magnetic field By；
Step 4: data processing.The output signal that the photodetector 14 detects is recorded, is carried out according to fitting formula
Data are fitted to obtain ByIn the projection magnetic field B of X-directionyx, according to formula (5), fitting formula can be obtained are as follows:
Wherein, c ByIn the projection magnetic field B of X-directionyx, a, b, d, e are fitting coefficient, and concrete meaning: a is balance
Polarizability, b are the displacement of Z-direction light, and d is the ratio of total relaxation rate and gyromagnetic ratio, and e is constant value biasing.
Step 5: the non-orthogonal angles of X-direction and Y-direction are acquired according to trigonometric function:
As shown in Fig. 2, I is the DC bias magnetic field B appliedy, III is DC bias magnetic field ByProjection in the direction x
Byx, V is saddle shaped coil X, Y-axis non-orthogonal angles θ.
Step 6: adjustment DC bias magnetic field ByOne is respectively repeated steps to step 5 to different value, obtains different direct currents
Bias magnetic field ByUnder the X of the three-dimensional magnetic coil 13, Y-axis non-orthogonal angles measurement result, then make even to these measurement results
Mean value obtains the end value of the X of the three-dimensional magnetic coil 13, Y-axis non-orthogonal angles.
The present invention has filled up measuring device and the side of the three-dimensional magnetic coil X, Y-axis non-orthogonal angles that lack SERF atom magnetometer
The blank of method is estimated and is compensated for atom magnetometer magnetic field deviation and provides effective reference, to promote the spirit of SERF atom magnetometer
Sensitivity provides safeguard.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that: for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications are also answered
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. the measuring device of the magnetic coil X of atom magnetometer, Y-axis non-orthogonal angles, it is characterised in that: including alkali metal gas chamber (6),
The magnetic shielding barrel (12) without magnetoelectricity heating device (7), for shielding external magnetic field, use for being heated to alkali metal gas chamber (6)
In the three-dimensional magnetic coil (13), pump light source system and the detection light-source system that generate direct current or alternating magnetic field；
The alkali metal gas chamber (6) is located at the center of atom magnetometer, and enclosed inside has alkali metal atom, outside from
It is interior and outer successively surround no magnetoelectricity heating device (7), three-dimensional magnetic coil (13) and magnetic shielding barrel (12)；
The pump light source system generates the pumping laser propagated along Z-direction, and the detection light-source system generation passes in X direction
The detection laser broadcast, the pumping laser and the detection laser are orthogonal to the center of the alkali metal gas chamber (6)；
The detection light-source system includes detection laser (4), and the detection laser that the detection laser (4) issues successively passes through
First reflecting mirror (5) ensures that detection laser beam axis is adjustableWave plate (3), the first that the laser passed through is become to polarised light
Inclined device (2), Faraday modulator (1) pass through afterwards the alkali metal gas chamber (6) it is orthogonal with pumping laser after, then successively by separately
One first polarizer (2), photodetector (14), demodulated signal lock-in amplifier (15), finally by oscillograph (16)
Output test result；
The pump light source system includes optically pumped laser (9), and the pumping laser that the optically pumped laser (9) issues is successively through the
Two-mirror (18), beam expanding lens (10), second polarizer (17) and pumping laser is become into circularly polarized lightWave plate is laggard
Enter the alkali metal gas chamber (6).
2. the measuring device of the magnetic coil X of atom magnetometer according to claim 1, Y-axis non-orthogonal angles, feature exist
In: inert gas and buffer gas are mixed in the alkali metal atom encapsulated in the alkali metal gas chamber.
3. the measuring device of the magnetic coil X of atom magnetometer according to claim 1, Y-axis non-orthogonal angles, feature exist
In: small vacuum system (8) are also accompanied between the no magnetoelectricity heating device (7) and three-dimensional magnetic coil (13).
4. the measuring device of the magnetic coil X of atom magnetometer according to claim 1, Y-axis non-orthogonal angles, feature exist
In: the three-dimensional magnetic coil (13) can be three-dimensional saddle type magnetic coil or last of the twelve Earthly Branches nurse hertz magnetic coil.
5. a kind of fill to the measurement of the magnetic coil X of atom magnetometer described in 4 any one, Y-axis non-orthogonal angles according to claim 1
The measurement method of the magnetic coil X of the atom magnetometer set, Y-axis non-orthogonal angles, it is characterised in that: measuring process are as follows:
Step 1: arrangement optical path is simultaneously adjusted optical path, and the pump light source system is made to generate pumping laser and the detection
The detection laser that light-source system generates is orthogonal to the center of the alkali metal gas chamber (6)；
Step 2: it opens the no magnetoelectricity heating device (7) and the alkali metal gas chamber (6) is heated, and utilize described three
Dimension magnetic coil (13) compensates the tri- direction remnant field of X, Y, Z in the magnetic shielding barrel (12) to nearly zero, makes remanent magnetism not shadow
Ring subsequent measurement；
Step 3: in the variation magnetic field Z-direction application -2160nT~2160nT, while applying a big direct current biasing magnetic in the Y direction
Field By；
Step 4: recording the output signal that the photodetector (14) detects, and carries out data according to fitting formula and is fitted
To ByIn the projection magnetic field B of X-directionyx, fitting formula are as follows:
Wherein, c ByIt is projected in X direction magnetic field, a, b, d, e are fitting coefficient, and concrete meaning: a is equilibrium polarisation rate, and b is
The displacement of Z-direction light, d are the ratio of total relaxation rate and gyromagnetic ratio, and e is constant value biasing；
Step 5: the non-orthogonal angles of X-direction and Y-direction are acquired according to trigonometric function:
6. the measurement method of the magnetic coil X of atom magnetometer according to claim 5, Y-axis non-orthogonal angles, feature exist
In: the wavelength of the pumping laser is 770.108nm, and the wavelength of the detection laser is 776.2mm.
7. the measurement method of the magnetic coil X of atom magnetometer according to claim 5, Y-axis non-orthogonal angles, feature exist
In: the alkali metal gas chamber (6) is heated to 180 DEG C or so by the no magnetoelectricity heating device (7).
8. the measurement method of the magnetic coil X of atom magnetometer according to claim 5, Y-axis non-orthogonal angles, feature exist
In: adjustment DC bias magnetic field ByOne is respectively repeated steps to step 5 to different value, obtains different DC biased magnetic field ByUnder
The measurement result of the X of the three-dimensional magnetic coil (13), Y-axis non-orthogonal angles, then these measurement results are averaged to obtain described
The end value of the X of three-dimensional magnetic coil (13), Y-axis non-orthogonal angles.
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