CN105280260A - Fire-fighting decontamination inhibitor and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Fire-fighting decontamination inhibitor and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fire-fighting decontamination inhibitor and a preparation method thereof. The fire-fighting decontamination inhibitor is prepared from the following materials by weight, 1-5 water-soluble latex powder, 5-25 polyvinyl alcohol and 0.1-1 water-soluble foaming agent which are sequentially added to 100 water. The fire-fighting decontamination inhibitor has properties of simple composition formula and cheap and available raw materials, is easy to realize large-scale preparation, further has excellent fluidity, injection performance, non-conductivity, film forming ability, decontamination effect and strippability, especially, a stripped pollution film can be completely dissolved in the water and is convenient to realize concentrated recovery processing, secondary pollution completely can be completely avoided, and the fire-fighting decontamination inhibitor is environmental friendly, is not only suitable for objects having smooth surfaces, but also is suitable for objects having rough surfaces, is not only suitable for the indoor, but also is suitable for the outdoor, further has dual purposes of decontamination and inhibition and has a wide application scope.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fire-fighting decontamination depressor and preparation method thereof, belong to fire-fighting decontamination technology field.
Background technology
Along with developing rapidly of world industry, various chemical accident, danger (as radiomaterial etc.) are revealed, ground is frequently occurred by accidents such as chemicals pollutions.The generation of above-mentioned various contamination accident not only causes economic loss, and causes pollution, the serious living environment compromising animals and plants and the mankind to environment such as air, water, soils, causes serious harm to the health of the mankind.In order to protection of the environment and health, people need to take decontamination treatment measures timely and effectively, with antipollution diffusion.
For above-mentioned various contamination accident, the decontamination work of usual small size adopts some industrial detergents, clean-out system or water to carry out wiping cleaning or flushing, for large-area fire-fighting decontamination work, the decontamination on such as ground and buildings, normally adopts water repeatedly to rinse.And adopt detergent, clean-out system to carry out the method for wiping cleaning, can cause the personal safety of operating personnel and health and have a strong impact on, and adopt detergent, clean-out system or water to carry out the method for rinsing, a large amount of waste liquid can be produced, cause secondary pollution, key is, some pollutant is difficult to be removed by wiping or backwashing manner, so that have impact on effective process of pollutant, do not meet the standard-required of fire-fighting decontamination.
At present, exfoliated film body decontamination technology, applied widely with it, little to environmental impact, detersive efficiency is high, the excellent technique performance such as non-secondary pollution or secondary pollution is shown one's talent from various decontamination technology, is subject to the favor of various countries.But current achievement in research also has significant limitation.As USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) is developed after serious radioactive release accident dry method remover and Russia develops at present dry method occur Chernobyl Plant in 1986, to eliminate application of paints scope narrower, be only applicable to mellow soil, field large scale application price is high, complicated operation and cannot reach the clean effect of anticipation due to the reason of the aspects such as operating technique quality, need special equipment to be sprayed simultaneously, film forming difference can not use machinery to reclaim, and elimination efficiency is very low.In China, the research of exfoliated film body decontamination technology aspect is started late, and mainly concentrates on the depollution of interior of building or nuclear facilities inside.The mechanisms such as Chinese Radiation Protection Research Inst, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Tsing-Hua University have successively carried out the research of exfoliated film body decontamination material, and achieve certain scientific payoffs, these achievements obtain application at metal vessel surface, smooth surface of wall, and clean effect is better, chemical defence research institute has also carried out the research about detergent, mainly concentrates on absorption and the degraded of waterborne radioactivity particle.But be mainly used in indoor special media surface due to these achievements in research or be in laboratory stage, under complicated environmental condition there is following defect in application in the wild:
(1) harsher to decontamination subject surface smoothness requirements;
(2) spraying device special is needed;
(3) ability of radioaerosol in compacting, absorbed air is not possessed;
(4) unit area decontamination cost is too high, and cost performance does not have field large-area applications and is worth;
(5) film body formed need manually be rooted out, and operating efficiency is low, and labour intensity is large, and personnel's radioactive dose is high;
Therefore, by the performance limitations of material, on going result is difficult to promote in Nuclear Accident Emergency or other large area Radioactive decontamination process.
Although Chinese patent CN200410060571.0 discloses a kind of exfoliated pressed detergent that may be used for ground, it is made up of component A and B component, and component A includes the plastifier of the filmogen and 3% ~ 5% (weight) of 75% ~ 90% (weight); B component includes the thickening agent of 2% ~ 5% (weight), filler and 10% (weight) quick dry agent below of 2% ~ 10% (weight), described thickening agent is cellulose ethers thickening agent, described filler is modified clay, described modified clay is bentonitic clay, secondary stock, and described quick dry agent is cement, activated carbon powder.But owing to containing auxiliary agent (amounting to 10% ~ 25%) (weight) such as plastifier, thickening agent, filler and quick dry agents in its component, not only cause properties of product unstable, and not easily spray all even remote injection, be not suitable for large area, remote and high altitude firefighting operation, still can not meet the effective processing demands to various pollution fire-fighting.
Summary of the invention
For the problems referred to above that prior art exists, the object of this invention is to provide that a kind of properties of product are stablized, forms simply, cost is low, be easy to spray all even remote injection and environmental protection, the fire-fighting decontamination depressor that applied widely, decontamination is clean and preparation method thereof.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
A kind of fire-fighting decontamination depressor, is made up of following formula:
Preferably, described fire-fighting decontamination depressor, is made up of following formula:
Described polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is preferably that viscosity is no more than 20 centipoises, alcoholysis degree is the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) of 86 ~ 90%, such as: the polyvinyl alcohol product of the models such as 0588,1088,1388 that material incorporated company of Wanwei High-new Technology Co. sells.
Described water soluble latex powder is preferably ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer, vinyl acetate/versatic acid ethylene copolymer, acrylic copolymer.
Described water-soluble gas-development agent can for having inorganic base or the organic base of foaming effect, described inorganic base can be carbonate or supercarbonate, such as: sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sal tartari, saleratus, hartshorn salt, ammonium bicarbonate etc., described organic base can be selected from betaines; Best with sodium bicarbonate result of use.
The preparation method of fire-fighting decontamination depressor of the present invention, is made up of following sequential steps:
A) water soluble latex powder solid or emulsion are under agitation joined in the water of 0 ~ 40 DEG C, make the uniform solution of formation;
B) polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is under agitation joined in step solution a), make the uniform solution of formation;
C) water-soluble gas-development agent is under agitation joined step b) solution in, make the uniform solution of formation, obtain described fire-fighting decontamination depressor.
Step a) described in the solid content of water soluble latex powder emulsion be not less than 40%, such as: the polyvinyl acetate emulsion that commercially available solid content > 50% can be selected.
Step a) in water temperature be preferably 15 ~ 35 DEG C.
Above-mentioned stirring can adopt artificial stirring also can adopt mechanical raking.
Fire-fighting decontamination depressor of the present invention can adopt manual type or mechanical system to spray/be injected in the surface of pollutant, the meeting film-forming after (about 5 ~ 13 hours) through after a while, then by artificial or this film of mechanical stripping, carry out concentrating to clear up processing.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following conspicuousness beneficial effect:
1, fire-fighting decontamination depressor of the present invention, compositing formula is simple, raw material is cheap and easy to get, and preparation technology is easy to operation, without the need to specific installation (only needing meausring apparatus, reaction vessel and stirrer), and preparation time short (product of up to a hundred jin only needs a few minutes just can prepare), low production cost, is easy to realize scale preparation;
2, through performance measurement: fire-fighting decontamination depressor of the present invention, there is good mobility, ejection, non-conductive property, film forming, there is after film forming good adsorbability, spreadability, soil release performance (soil removal efficiency can reach 98 ~ 99%) and rippability, especially, polluted membrane after stripping can be completely soluble in water, be convenient to centralized recovery process, can avoid producing secondary pollution completely, there is the feature of environmental protection;
3, fire-fighting decontamination depressor of the present invention, be not only applicable to ganoid body surface, and be applicable to shaggy body surface, as: outdoor cement, pitch, the rough earths such as stone, not only can be used for indoor, also can be used for outdoor, soil removal efficiency is all greater than 98%, simultaneously can also to the aeresols of contaminative in air, the pollutant on ground and impurity particle all have large-area suppression, there is obvious decontamination and compacting double action, applied widely, to the fire-fighting emergent process of pollutant, there is significant practicality and significance.
In a word, fire-fighting decontamination depressor of the present invention, owing to adding gas-development agent, final formation be aqueous solution, therefore compared to existing press type detergent, it is beneficial to sprinkling more, spray, be applicable to various sprinkling, spraying equipment, can directly be contained on fire truck, when decontamination, directly being ejected into by fire-fighting lance or fire water monitor pollutes on building surface or ground, and not only can in air and ground pollutant, impurity dust granule etc. has suppression, also there is absorption decontamination, especially, pollutant film body is by artificial or mechanical stripping, pollutant film body after stripping completely soluble in waterly can carry out centralized recovery process, can avoid causing secondary pollution completely, relative to prior art, there is conspicuousness progress and social effect.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, technical solution of the present invention is described in further detail and completely.
Embodiment 1
A) the water soluble latex powder emulsion (commercial VAE707, solid content > 54%) of 1.0kg is under agitation joined in the water of the 50kg of 15 ~ 20 DEG C, make the uniform solution of formation;
B) 10kg polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (commercial polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) 0588) is under agitation joined in step solution a), make the uniform solution of formation;
C) 0.5kg sodium bicarbonate is under agitation joined step b) solution in, make the uniform solution of formation, obtain described fire-fighting decontamination depressor.
Embodiment 2
A) the water soluble latex powder (commercial latex powder YJ607) of 0.3kg is under agitation joined in the water of the 10kg of 20 ~ 25 DEG C, make the uniform solution of formation;
B) 1kg polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (trade mark is polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) 1088) is under agitation joined in step solution a), make the uniform solution of formation;
C) 0.05kg sodium bicarbonate is under agitation joined step b) solution in, make the uniform solution of formation, obtain described fire-fighting decontamination depressor.
Embodiment 3
A) the water soluble latex powder (commercial latex powder YJ607) of 0.2kg is under agitation joined in the water of the 10kg of 30 ~ 35 DEG C, make the uniform solution of formation;
B) 1.5kg polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (trade mark is polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) 1388) is under agitation joined in step solution a), make the uniform solution of formation;
C) 0.08kg sodium bicarbonate is under agitation joined step b) solution in, make the uniform solution of formation, obtain described fire-fighting decontamination depressor.
The performance test data of fire-fighting decontamination depressor prepared by above-described embodiment is shown in Table 1.
The table 1 fire-fighting performance test data of decontamination depressor
| test item | embodiment 1 | embodiment 2 | embodiment 3 | remarks |
| can ejection | there is spray property | there is spray property | there is spray property | fire-fighting lance, water cannon all can spray. |
| viscosity | 1200mPa.S | 1200mPa.S | 1300mPa.S | |
| outdoor film formation time | 5 hours | 5 hours | 5 hours | weather is cloudy, 8 ~ 15 DEG C, coarse cement surface |
| indoor film formation time | 13 hours | 13 hours | 13 hours | smooth earth, room temperature 20 DEG C |
| the electric conductivity of film | do not possess | do not possess | do not possess | |
| the tensile strength of film | 1.2Mpa | 1.2Mpa | 1.3Mpa | |
| color | milky | milky | milky | |
| soil removal efficiency | 98% | 99% | 99% | outdoor coarse cement flooring |
| the resolvability of film | solubilized | solubilized | solubilized | 20mm × 10mm film, is dissolved in 100mL water |
| the solubilized time of film | one hour very | one hour 15 points | one hour 20 points | in 16 DEG C of water |
As can be seen from above-mentioned test data: fire-fighting decontamination depressor of the present invention, its modest viscosity, is therefore easy to be attached to various body surface, easily peels off simultaneously; No matter fire-fighting decontamination depressor of the present invention is the ground coarse in outdoor or the ground comparatively smooth in indoor, all has good film forming, therefore can perform well in the decontamination of indoor and outdoors, practical; Fire-fighting decontamination depressor of the present invention, having well can ejection, therefore not only can be smeared by manual, is also applicable to that machinery is smeared, sprayed, injection etc., and operate more convenient, quick, be applicable to various plant equipment, applicability is good; Fire-fighting decontamination depressor of the present invention, do not possess electric conductivity after film forming, therefore security is high, can be used for some highfields etc. and requires comparatively harsh environment; Fire-fighting decontamination depressor of the present invention, has suitable tensile strength after its film forming, therefore not only can by peel manually from, can also pass through mechanical stripping, strip operation is more convenient, quick; Fire-fighting decontamination depressor of the present invention, soil release performance is good, and soil removal efficiency can reach 98 ~ 99%; Fire-fighting decontamination depressor of the present invention, has resolvability after its film forming, is therefore easy to centralized recovery process, can avoid the secondary pollution causing environment.
Fire-fighting decontamination depressor prepared by the present invention, also find in injection experiment process, not only can have good compacting, decontamination (soil removal efficiency can reach 98 ~ 99%) to the media object surface covered, also have large-area suppression to the aeresols of the contaminative in air, therefore fire-fighting decontamination depressor of the present invention has the double action of compacting and decontamination simultaneously.
The present invention is in preparation process, not very strict to the requirement of temperature, the temperature range of 0 ~ 40 DEG C is just equivalent to environment temperature throughout the year substantially, do not need extra heating, the equipment such as cooling, in preparation process, only need to be uniformly mixed by feeding sequence is reinforced simultaneously, because each component is all water-soluble substances, therefore preparation process is quick, the product of usual preparation up to a hundred jin only needs a few minutes to have prepared, mechanical raking can be adopted during stirring also can direct labor to stir, whole preparation process is quick, simply, be easy to control, with low cost, be applicable to mass production, there is good market popularization value, there is good economic benefit, social benefit and environmental benefit.
Fire-fighting decontamination depressor prepared by above-described embodiment not only may be used on ground, the object such as plant equipment, buildings can also be used for, its scope of application more in the past can only be used for the body surface that decontamination was easily peeled off, was easy to the smooth surfaces such as glass, tinplate, pottery, aluminium flake, its usable range is wider.And from the film-forming state after spraying and spraying that is formulated into of product, this decontamination depressor is applicable to enterprise and produces, convenient transport, storage, also be applicable to fire department such as Nuclear Accident Emergency unit to use in the training process, the authenticity of training environment can be strengthened, improve training unit equipment proficiency and operation technical ability, solvent---water is used compared to fire-fighting in the past, fire-fighting decontamination depressor of the present invention is that a kind of novel fire-fighting uses solvent, adds the type that fire-fighting uses solvent.The present invention not only can be applied in the decontamination of fire-fighting domain, also may be used for the decontamination of the civilian of other or military domain, and its usable range is not limit.
In a word, fire-fighting decontamination depressor of the present invention, owing to adding gas-development agent, final formation be aqueous solution, therefore compared to existing press type detergent, it is beneficial to sprinkling more, spray, be applicable to various sprinkling, spraying equipment, can directly be contained on fire truck, when decontamination, directly being ejected into by fire-fighting lance or fire water monitor pollutes on building surface or ground, and not only can in air and ground pollutant, impurity dust granule etc. has suppression, also there is absorption decontamination, especially, pollutant film body is by artificial or mechanical stripping, pollutant film body after stripping completely soluble in waterly can carry out centralized recovery process, can avoid causing secondary pollution completely, relative to prior art, there is conspicuousness progress and social effect.
Finally need described herein: above content is only for being described in more detail technical scheme of the present invention; can not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the invention, some nonessential improvement that those skilled in the art's foregoing according to the present invention is made and adjustment all belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a fire-fighting decontamination depressor, is characterized in that, is made up of following formula:
2. fire-fighting decontamination depressor according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described fire-fighting decontamination depressor is made up of following formula:
3. fire-fighting decontamination depressor according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: described polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is that viscosity is no more than 20 centipoises, alcoholysis degree is the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) of 86 ~ 90%.
4. fire-fighting decontamination depressor according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: described water soluble latex powder is ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer, vinyl acetate/versatic acid ethylene copolymer or acrylic copolymer.
5. fire-fighting decontamination depressor according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: described water-soluble gas-development agent is inorganic base or the organic base with foaming effect.
6. fire-fighting decontamination depressor according to claim 5, is characterized in that: described inorganic base is carbonate or supercarbonate; Described organic base is selected from betaines.
7. fire-fighting decontamination depressor according to claim 6, is characterized in that: described inorganic base is sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sal tartari, saleratus, hartshorn salt or ammonium bicarbonate.
8. prepare a method for the fire-fighting decontamination depressor described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, be made up of following sequential steps:
A) water soluble latex powder solid or emulsion are under agitation joined in the water of 0 ~ 40 DEG C, make the uniform solution of formation;
B) polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is under agitation joined in step solution a), make the uniform solution of formation;
C) water-soluble gas-development agent is under agitation joined step b) solution in, make the uniform solution of formation, obtain described fire-fighting decontamination depressor.
9. method according to claim 8, is characterized in that: step a) described in the solid content of water soluble latex powder emulsion be not less than 40%.
10. method according to claim 8, is characterized in that: step a) in water temperature be 15 ~ 35 DEG C.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN105280260B (en) | 2017-10-20 |
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