CN105277428B - Fragile material high/low temperature loads lower mechanical characteristic and damages measure of the change system and method - Google Patents
Fragile material high/low temperature loads lower mechanical characteristic and damages measure of the change system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105277428B CN105277428B CN201510869200.5A CN201510869200A CN105277428B CN 105277428 B CN105277428 B CN 105277428B CN 201510869200 A CN201510869200 A CN 201510869200A CN 105277428 B CN105277428 B CN 105277428B
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Abstract
A kind of lower mechanical characteristic damage measure of the change system and method for fragile material high/low temperature load, belongs to fragile material measuring system and method.The system increases temperature stresses to couple loading device, acoustic emission signal acquisition device and image acquisition device；Loading device is coupled using temperature stress, experimental situation more can be close to actual environment, such as environment locating for deep rock, so that experimental studies results have more reference value；The displacement field and strain field of test specimen part during being tested using image acquisition device combination digital image correlation technique, the measurement method have non-contact, measurement of full field, using wide, precision is high, simple to the acquisition mode of initial data, measurement request environment is low, is easy to implement the automation of whole system.Using acoustic emission signal acquisition device, the damage that fragile material such as rock under allowing loading environment to detect the formation and evolution in crack is discharged by the energy of measurement pressure break is described under both macro and micro with decaying.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fragile material measuring system and method, especially a kind of fragile material high/low temperature load is exerted oneself
It learns characteristic and damages measure of the change system and method.
Background technique
The fragile materials such as rock are a kind of extremely heterogeneous materials, comprising many defects for example joint, hole, crack, crack and
Tomography.Deep rock usually shows nonlinear mechanical property under load and has irreversible characteristic.On the other hand,
Underground structure is in mining engineering, geotechnical engineering, in petroleum geoscience research, has very to the research of rock failure mechanism of rock Instability
Important meaning.
Traditional rock sample Research on Mechanical Properties carries out basic parameter to rock sample test piece merely by testing machine
It measures (such as compression strength, shearing strength) and obtains relevant index feature by acoustic emission testing technology.Deep rock institute
The environment at place is more complicated, is under different temperature fields and different stress states, this allows for rock (rock mass)
The property of this heterogeneous anisotropic material is more complicated, so experimental study indoors carries out Rock Mechanics Test
When, consider influence of the coupling effect of temperature and stress to mechanical properties of rock be it is essential, utilize high and low temperature environment case
The Rock Mechanics Test after real-time or high temperature is carried out when either high temperature furnace can test indoors, so that experimental situation is more
It can be close to the environment locating for deep rock, but also experimental studies results have more reference value.
The surface of fragile material and internal the defects of containing a large amount of plane of weakness, crack, in engineering, due to extraneous stress ring
The germinating in crack has occurred in the disturbance in border, a series of weakening structure, and extension, joint even penetrates through, general laboratory test system
System can only test force-displacement curve during the experiment, these data can only provide very limited characteristic properties, can not examine
Measure the formation and evolution in non-uniform crack during whole deformation.
Classical Experimental Mechanics includes strain electric measuring method and various optical measurement methods.Sensing element is calculated as with resistance-strain
Strain measurement technology because its size is small, light-weight, measurement sensitivity is high, measurement strain range is big, frequency response is high the advantages that due to
It is widely used in automatic monitoring control, Weighing automation, engineering and scientific experiment, but it is not suitable for certain spies
Different environment (such as high temperature).Other strain sensors to grow up later, such as capacity strain gage, it is long to can be used for thermal structure
Phase strain measurement.The deficiency of electromotive strain method：Straining electric measuring method is usually single-point or point-to-point measurement, is unable to get the complete of component
Office's Stress distribution, can only measure the strain in component surface, and be the mean strain of component surface, for stress gradient
The component surface measurement error that very big or stress is concentrated is larger, and higher to measurement environmental requirement, it is any the rustle of leaves in the wind all
Influence whether measurement result.
Common optical measurement method for example photoelastic method, light-sensitive coating method, holographic photoelasticity method, holographic interferometry, moiréinterferometry,
Speckle interferometry etc., the data acquisition of these traditional optical measurement mechanics methods are using film or photographic plate recording with testee
The light distribution of surface displacement or deformation information obtains photo by developing fixing.But due to taking when developing fixing operating cost
Power, experiment condition are difficult to accurately control, and experimental result is difficult to accurately repeat, and are unfavorable for subsequent using Computer Image Processing.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem：The invention aims to provide a kind of measurement of full field precision height, the accurate brittleness material of experimental result
Expect that high/low temperature loads lower mechanical characteristic and damage measure of the change system and method.
Technical solution：The object of the present invention is achieved like this：Measuring system includes：Mechanical property testing device, temperature
Stress coupling loading device, acoustic emission signal detection device and image acquisition device；Image acquisition device is located at temperature stress coupling
The side of loading device is closed, mechanical property testing device and sound emission signal supervisory instrument couple load dress with temperature stress respectively
Set connection.
The mechanical property testing device：One computer system, full-scale digital control being capable of automatic experiment with computing examination
The stress of part, strain, can control the temperature of high and low temperature environment case, be capable of the manipulation loading device of safe ready.
The temperature stress couples loading device：By the load of high and low temperature environment case and electro-hydraulic servo with transparent wall
Device is constituted, and loading device can be loaded while environmental cabinet works, and realizes the coupling of temperature field and stress field；Environment
Case has transparent wall, and image acquisition device is facilitated to acquire image.
The acoustic emission signal acquisition device：Process is tested with the PCI-2 sound emission acquisition device capturing material in the U.S.
In acoustic emission signal and acoustic emission signal is analyzed using Hilbert-Huang transform.
The image acquisition device：It is made of high-speed camera and the symmetrical light sources of material test specimen two sides, and uses number
Word image correlation technique carries out displacement field and Strain field analysis to collected image.
Measurement method specifically comprises the following steps：
Step 1：Test specimen needed for preparation experiment；
Step 2：Position of the high and low temperature environment case on loading system is arranged, acoustic emission sensor is attached to fixture
It above pressure head, and is bonded with coupling agent for medical use, so that it is transmitted signal good；
Step 3：High-speed camera is directed at surface of test piece, so that shooting face and camera lens keeping parallelism, and trying
The both sides of part two light sources of symmetrical device, so that shooting effect is more clear；
Step 4：It is loaded in the case where keeping temperature locating for test specimen constant, is loaded with constant rate,
The acquisition of acoustic emission signal is carried out while load and high-speed camera is started simultaneously at and taken pictures；It is broken in test specimen load unstability
Continue 3~5 seconds time after bad again, then stop acoustic emission signal acquisition, also stops taking pictures；
Step 5：The acoustic emission signal that will be acquired in whole experiment process, high-definition image and Mechanical loading system measure
Data are post-processed；Including：(1) extraction and transformation of acoustic emission signal；(2) the test specimen destructive process figure of high speed camera shooting
The post-processing of picture.
The extraction and transformation of the acoustic emission signal：Acoustic emission signal, which extracts, chooses effective energy signal as sound
Transmission signal parameters, then acoustic emission signal and acoustic emission signal parameter signal are subjected to Hilbert-Huang transform, Hilbert is yellow
Transformation includes empirical mode decomposition and Hilbert spectral analysis.
The post-processing of the test specimen destructive process image of the high speed camera shooting：The high definition photo of high-speed camera shooting
Photosensitive processing is carried out, so that under photo unification to consistent intensity of illumination, then using digital image correlation technique in MATLAB
The inside is calculated, and the displacement field and strain field in test specimen region are obtained.
Beneficial effect can test the power of the material such as rock in Temperature-Stress coupled field as the above scheme is adopted
Characteristic is learned, and added acoustic emission signal detection device and image acquisition device, digital picture on mechanical property testing device
The relevant technologies are able to achieve the measurement of full field of test specimen displacement, and precision is high, so that experimental result is more accurate；To acoustic emission signal into
Row analyzes damage and decaying of the available test specimen under Temperature-Stress coupling effect, thus digital image correlation technique and sound
The means that emission system combines realize the process from macroscopic view and microcosmic description material breaks.
It is relative to existing test macro advantage：
1. carrying out the fragile material after real-time or high temperature when by that can test indoors using high and low temperature environment case such as
Rock Mechanics Test, so that experimental situation more can be close to actual environment, such as environment locating for deep rock, but also real
Result of study is tested with more reference value.
2. the displacement field and strain field of test specimen part, the measurement during being tested using digital image correlation technique
Method has non-contact, measurement of full field, using wide, precision is high, measurement request environment simple to the acquisition mode of initial data
Automation that is low, being easy to implement whole system.
3. utilizing acoustic emission signal acquisition system, the formation and evolution in crack are detected by measuring the energy release of pressure break
It is a kind of feasible and effective technology, the post-processing of acoustic emission signal provides one for the non-linear and non-stable signal of explanation
The effective method of kind.Method carries out the damage for loading lower fragile material such as rock under both macro and micro with decaying
Description.
Detailed description of the invention：
Fig. 1 is that fragile material high/low temperature of the present invention loads lower mechanical characteristic and damage measure of the change system schematic.
Fig. 2 is that fragile material high/low temperature of the present invention loads lower mechanical characteristic and damages the technology path of measure of the change system
Figure.
Fig. 3 is rock sample of the present invention each point on the stress-strain diagram and curve under Temperature-Stress coupling
Corresponding test specimen aspect graph.
Fig. 4 is between relationship and acoustic emission signal and strain between elasticity modulus of the present invention and test specimen strain
Relational graph.
Fig. 5 is strain of the surface of test piece of the invention calculated by digital image correlation technique in certain point X-direction
Figure.
Fig. 6 is test specimen of the present invention in the acoustic emission energy of linear deformation stage and their Hilbert spectral analysis figure.
Fig. 7 is acoustic emission energy and their Hilbert spectral analysis figure of the test specimen of the present invention in the nonlinear deformation stage.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1：With reference to the accompanying drawing with specific example to a kind of fragile material high/low temperature load provided by the invention
Lower mechanical characteristic and damage measure of the change system are described in detail.
Measuring system includes：Mechanical property testing device, temperature stress couple loading device, acoustic emission signal detection device
And image acquisition device；Image acquisition device be located at temperature stress coupling loading device side, mechanical property testing device and
Acoustic emission signal detection device is connect with temperature stress coupling loading device respectively.
The mechanical property testing device：The computer system of one high intelligence is capable of automatic experiment with computing test specimen
Stress, strain, can control the temperature of high and low temperature environment case, be capable of the manipulation loading device of safe ready；With existing mechanics
Characteristic test device compared to more intelligent, operate it is simpler, it is safer, can more save manpower.
The temperature stress couples loading device：By the load of high and low temperature environment case and electro-hydraulic servo with transparent wall
Device is constituted, and loading device can be loaded while environmental cabinet works, and realizes the coupling of temperature field and stress field；Environment
Case has transparent wall, and image acquisition device is facilitated to acquire image.
The acoustic emission signal acquisition device：Process is tested with the PCI-2 sound emission acquisition device capturing material in the U.S.
In acoustic emission signal and acoustic emission signal is analyzed using Hilbert-Huang transform；With existing sound emission acquisition device
It is higher compared to sensitivity, and wavelet transformation of the post-processing approach of Hilbert-Huang transform than use at this stage or Fourier
Transform method analysis is more accurate, more comprehensively.
The image acquisition device：It is made of high-speed camera and the symmetrical light sources of material test specimen two sides, and uses number
Word image correlation technique carries out displacement field and Strain field analysis to collected image, and fragile material Experimental Mechanics uses at this stage
Electric measuring method and various optical measurement methods are strained, in contrast, the apparatus and method precision that the present invention uses is higher, can be used for the whole audience
Measurement, application are wider.
Measurement method specifically comprises the following steps：
Step 1：Test specimen needed for preparation experiment, rock sample；
Step 2：Position of the high and low temperature environment case on loading system is arranged, acoustic emission sensor is attached to fixture
It above pressure head, and is bonded with coupling agent for medical use, so that it is transmitted signal good；
Step 3：High-speed camera is directed at surface of test piece, so that shooting face and camera lens keeping parallelism, and trying
The both sides of part two light sources of symmetrical device, so that shooting effect is more clear；
Step 4：It is loaded in the case where keeping temperature locating for test specimen constant, is loaded, added with constant rate
Load rate is 0.05mm/min；The acquisition of acoustic emission signal is carried out while being loaded and high-speed camera starts simultaneously at
It takes pictures；The time for continuing 3~5 seconds again after test specimen loads unstable failure, then stop acoustic emission signal acquisition, also stops clapping
According to；
Step 5：The acoustic emission signal that will be acquired in whole experiment process, high-definition image and Mechanical loading system measure
Data are post-processed；Including：(1) extraction and transformation of acoustic emission signal；(2) the test specimen destructive process figure of high speed camera shooting
The post-processing of picture.
The extraction and transformation of the acoustic emission signal：Acoustic emission signal, which extracts, chooses effective energy signal as sound
Transmission signal parameters, then acoustic emission signal and acoustic emission signal parameter signal are subjected to Hilbert-Huang transform, Hilbert is yellow
Transformation includes empirical mode decomposition and Hilbert spectral analysis.
The post-processing of the test specimen destructive process image of the high speed camera shooting：The high definition photo of high-speed camera shooting
Photosensitive processing is carried out, so that under photo unification to consistent intensity of illumination, then using digital image correlation technique in MATLAB
The inside is calculated, and the displacement field and strain field in test specimen region are obtained.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of fragile material high/low temperature loads lower mechanical characteristic and damage measure of the change system, it is characterized in that：Measuring system packet
It includes：Mechanical property testing device, temperature stress coupling loading device, acoustic emission signal detection device and image acquisition device；Shadow
As acquisition device is located at the side of temperature stress coupling loading device, mechanical property testing device and sound emission signal supervisory instrument
It is connect respectively with temperature stress coupling loading device；
The mechanical property testing device：Automatic experiment with computing test specimen is capable of in one computer system, full-scale digital control
Stress, strain can control the temperature of high and low temperature environment case, be capable of the manipulation loading device of safe ready；
The temperature stress couples loading device：By the loading device of high and low temperature environment case and electro-hydraulic servo with transparent wall
It constitutes, loading device can be loaded while environmental cabinet works, and realize the coupling of temperature field and stress field；Environmental cabinet tool
There is transparent wall, image acquisition device is facilitated to acquire image.
The acoustic emission signal acquisition device：During the PCI-2 sound emission acquisition device capturing material test in the U.S.
Acoustic emission signal simultaneously analyzes acoustic emission signal using Hilbert-Huang transform；
The image acquisition device：It is made of high-speed camera and the symmetrical light sources of material test specimen two sides, and uses digitized map
As the relevant technologies carry out displacement field and Strain field analysis to collected image.
2. a kind of fragile material high/low temperature loads lower mechanical characteristic and damage variation measuring method, it is characterized in that including following step
Suddenly：
Step 1：Test specimen needed for preparation experiment；
Step 2：Position of the high and low temperature environment case on loading system is arranged, acoustic emission sensor is attached to fixture pressure head
Above, and with coupling agent for medical use it is bonded, so that it is transmitted signal good；
Step 3：High-speed camera is directed at surface of test piece, so that shooting face and camera lens keeping parallelism, and in test specimen
Both sides two light sources of symmetrical device, so that shooting effect is more clear；
Step 4：It is loaded in the case where keeping temperature locating for test specimen constant, is loaded, carried out with constant rate
The acquisition of acoustic emission signal is carried out while load and high-speed camera is started simultaneously at and taken pictures；Test specimen load unstable failure with
Continue 3 ~ 5 seconds time again afterwards, then stop acoustic emission signal acquisition, also stops taking pictures；
Step 5：The acoustic emission signal that will be acquired in whole experiment process, high-definition image and mechanical property testing device measure
Data are post-processed；Including：（1）The extraction and transformation of acoustic emission signal；（2）The test specimen destructive process figure of high speed camera shooting
The post-processing of picture；
The extraction and transformation of the acoustic emission signal：Acoustic emission signal, which extracts, chooses effective energy signal as sound emission
Signal parameter, then acoustic emission signal and acoustic emission signal parameter signal are subjected to Hilbert-Huang transform, Hilbert-Huang transform
Including empirical mode decomposition and Hilbert spectral analysis；
The post-processing of the test specimen destructive process image of the high speed camera shooting：The high definition photo of high-speed camera shooting carries out
Photosensitive processing, so that under photo unification to consistent intensity of illumination, then using digital image correlation technique inside MATLAB
It is calculated, obtains the displacement field and strain field in test specimen region.
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| JPH0612320B2 (en) * | 1988-06-17 | 1994-02-16 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | Device and method for evaluating mechanical properties of thin film |
| JPH0612320A (en) * | 1992-06-26 | 1994-01-21 | Minolta Camera Co Ltd | Method for operating cpu of computer system |
| CN103454164B (en) * | 2013-09-13 | 2016-02-03 | 安徽理工大学 | Multi-scenarios method coal petrography impact loading experiment device and experimental technique |
| CN103884604B (en) * | 2014-04-08 | 2015-12-09 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of multifunctional high-temperature high pressure three axle coal petrography test unit and method |
| CN104965027B (en) * | 2015-07-13 | 2018-09-21 | 中国矿业大学 | The analysis method extended based on image recognition and sound emission positioning and anchoring rock cranny |
| CN104931357A (en) * | 2015-07-20 | 2015-09-23 | 西安科技大学 | Testing system and testing method for mechanical property of coal rock test piece |
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