CN105277428A - Mechanical property damage change measurement system and method for fragile materials under high-temperature and low-temperature load - Google Patents
Mechanical property damage change measurement system and method for fragile materials under high-temperature and low-temperature load Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a mechanical property damage change measurement system and a mechanical property damage change measurement method for fragile materials under high-temperature and low-temperature load and belongs to fragile material measurement system and method. According to the system, a temperature stress coupling and loading device, an acoustic emission signal acquisition device and an image acquisition device are additionally arranged; the temperature stress coupling and loading device is utilized, and an experiment environment is relatively close to an actual environment, such as an environment of deep rocks, so that an experiment research result has a relatively good reference value; the image acquisition device is combined with a digital image correlation technology to obtain a partial displacement field and a strain field of a test piece in a testing process; and the measurement method has the advantages of non-contact and full-field measurement, wide application, high precision, simple acquisition manner on original data, low requirements on measurement environments, and convenience for realizing automation of the whole system. The acoustic emission signal acquisition device is used for detecting the formation and evolution of cracks through measuring cracking energy, so that the damages and attenuation of the fragile materials, such as the rocks, can be described macroscopically and microcosmically under a loading environment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of hard brittle material measuring system and method, particularly a kind of hard brittle material high/low temperature loads lower mechanical characteristic damage measure of the change system and method.
Background technology
The hard brittle materials such as rock are one extremely heterogeneous materials, comprise a lot of defect as joint, hole, crack, crack and tomography.Deep rock usually shows nonlinear mechanical property under load and has irreversible characteristic.On the other hand, underground structure is in mining engineering, and Geotechnical Engineering, in the research of oil geoscience, has very important meaning to the research of rock failure mechanism of rock Instability.
Traditional rock sample Research on Mechanical Properties is only that the mensuration (as compressive strength, shearing strength etc.) of rock sample test piece being carried out to basic parameter by testing machine obtains relevant index feature with by acoustic emission testing technology.Environment residing for deep rock is more complicated, under different temperature fields and different stress states, this just makes the character of this heterogeneous anisotropic material of rock (rock mass) more complicated, so when Rock Mechanics Test is carried out in shop experiment research, consider that the impact of coupling effect on mechanical properties of rock of temperature and stress is absolutely necessary, Rock Mechanics Test after utilizing high and low temperature environment case or high temperature furnace can carry out real-time or high temperature when laboratory experiment, make experimental situation more can close to the environment residing for deep rock like this, also experimental studies results is made to have more reference value.
The surface of hard brittle material and inside are containing a large amount of defects such as plane of weakness, crack, in engineering, due to the disturbance of extraneous ambient stress, a series of weakening structure there occurs the germinating in crack, expansion, combine even through, general shop experiment system can only test force-displacement curve in experimentation, these data can only provide very limited characteristic properties, the early Pleistocene in the uneven crack in whole deformation process can not be detected.
Classical Experimental Mechanics comprises strain electric measuring method and various optical measurement method.The strain measurement technology counting sensitive element with resistance-strain because its size is little, lightweight, measurement sensistivity is high, monitor strain range large, frequency response advantages of higher and be widely used in automatic monitoring control, Weighing robotization, engineering and scientific experiment, but it is not suitable for some particular surroundings (as high temperature).Other strain sensors grown up afterwards, as capacity strain gage etc., can be used for thermal structure secular strain and measure.The deficiency of electromotive strain method: strain electric measuring method is generally single-point or point-to-point measurement, the overall Stress distribution of component cannot be obtained, the strain in component surface can only be measured, and be the mean strain of component surface, larger for very large or that stress the is concentrated component surface measuring error of stress gradient, and require higher to measurement environment, it is any that the rustle of leaves in the wind all can have influence on measurement result.
Conventional optical measurement method is as photoelastic method, light-sensitive coating method, holographic photoelasticity method, holographic interferometry, moiréinterferometry, speckle interferometry etc., the data acquisition of these traditional optical measurement mechanics methods utilizes film or photographic plate recording with the light distribution of testee surface displacement or deformation information, obtains photo by developing fixing.But because developing fixing operation is wasted time and energy, experiment condition is difficult to accurate control, and experimental result is difficult to accurate repetition, be unfavorable for follow-up utilizing Computer Image Processing.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters: the object of the invention is to provide a kind of measurement of full field precision high, experimental result accurately hard brittle material high/low temperature loads lower mechanical characteristic and damage measure of the change system and method.
Technical scheme: the object of the present invention is achieved like this: measuring system comprises: the coupling of mechanical property testing device, temperature stress charger, acoustic emission signal pick-up unit and image acquisition device; Image acquisition device is positioned at the side of temperature stress coupling charger, and mechanical property testing device and the acoustic emission signal pick-up unit charger that is coupled with temperature stress is respectively connected.
Described mechanical property testing device a: computer system, full-scale digital controls, can the stress of experiment with computing test specimen, strain automatically, can control the temperature of high and low temperature environment case, can the manipulation charger of safe ready.
Described temperature stress coupling charger: be made up of the charger of the high and low temperature environment case and electro-hydraulic servo with transparent wall, charger can load while environmental cabinet work, achieves being coupled of temperature field and stress field; Environmental cabinet has transparent wall, facilitates image acquisition device to gather image.
Described acoustic emission signal harvester: adopt Hilbert-Huang transform to analyze acoustic emission signal by the acoustic emission signal in the PCI-2 acoustic emission harvester capturing material process of the test of the U.S..
Described image acquisition device: be made up of the symmetrical light sources of high-speed camera and material test specimen both sides, and adopt digital image correlation technique to carry out displacement field and Strain field analysis to the image collected.
Measuring method, specifically comprises the steps:
Step one: the test specimen needed for preparation experiment;
Step 2: arrange the position of high and low temperature environment case on loading system, be attached to by calibrate AE sensor above fixture pressure head, and bond with coupling agent for medical use, makes its signal transmission good;
Step 3: high-speed camera is aimed at surface of test piece, makes shooting face and camera lens keeping parallelism, and at device two light sources of the both sides symmetry of test specimen, makes shooting effect more clear;
Step 4: load when keeping temperature constant residing for test specimen, load with constant speed, the collection and the high-speed camera that carry out acoustic emission signal while carrying out loading start to take pictures simultaneously; After test specimen loads unstable failure, continue the time of 3 ~ 5 seconds again, then stop acoustic emission signal collection, also stop taking pictures;
Step 5: by the acoustic emission signal gathered in whole experimentation, high-definition image and Mechanical loading system data measured carry out aftertreatment; Comprise: the extraction of (1) acoustic emission signal and conversion; (2) aftertreatment of the test specimen destructive process image of high speed camera shooting.
The extraction of described acoustic emission signal and conversion: acoustic emission signal is carried out extraction and chosen effective energy signal as acoustic emission signal parameter, again acoustic emission signal and acoustic emission signal parameter signal are carried out Hilbert-Huang transform, Hilbert-Huang transform comprises empirical mode decomposition and Hilbert spectral analysis.
The aftertreatment of the test specimen destructive process image of described high speed camera shooting: the high definition photo of high-speed camera shooting carries out photosensitive process, make photo unified under consistent intensity of illumination, then utilize digital image correlation technique to calculate inside MATLAB, obtain the displacement field in test specimen region and strain field.
Beneficial effect, owing to have employed such scheme, material can be tested in Temperature-Stress coupled field as the mechanical characteristic of rock, and acoustic emission signal pick-up unit and image acquisition device is added on mechanical property testing device, digital image correlation technique can realize the measurement of full field of test specimen displacement, precision is high, makes experimental result more accurate; Carry out analyzing to acoustic emission signal and can obtain the damage of test specimen under Temperature-Stress coupling effect and decay, thus the means that digital image correlation technique is combined with acoustic emission system achieve the process describing material breaks from Macrocosm and microcosm.
Be relative to existing test macro advantage:
1. by utilizing high and low temperature environment case can carry out hard brittle material in real time or after high temperature when laboratory experiment as Rock Mechanics Test, make experimental situation more can close to actual environment like this, environment such as residing for deep rock, also makes experimental studies results have more reference value.
2. adopt digital image correlation technique to obtain displacement field and the strain field of the local of test specimen in process of the test, this measuring method have noncontact, measurement of full field, application is wide, precision is high, simple to the acquisition mode of raw data, measure and require that environment is low, be convenient to realize the robotization of whole system.
3. utilize acoustic emission signal acquisition system, the Forming and evolution detecting crack by measuring the fault offset of pressure break is a kind of feasible with effective technology, and the aftertreatment of acoustic emission signal is for explaining that non-linear and non-stable signal provides a kind of effective method.Method makes the damage loading lower hard brittle material such as rock can be described under both macro and micro with decay.
Accompanying drawing illustrates:
Fig. 1 is that hard brittle material high/low temperature of the present invention loads lower mechanical characteristic and damage measure of the change system schematic.
Fig. 2 is the Technology Roadmap that hard brittle material high/low temperature of the present invention loads lower mechanical characteristic and damage measure of the change system.
Fig. 3 is the test specimen aspect graph that on the stress-strain diagram of rock sample of the present invention under Temperature-Stress coupling and curve, each point is corresponding.
Fig. 4 is the relation between elastic modulus of the present invention and test specimen strain and the graph of a relation between acoustic emission signal and strain.
Fig. 5 is the strain figure of surface of test piece in certain some X-direction that the present invention is calculated by digital image correlation technique.
Fig. 6 is that test specimen of the present invention is at the acoustic emission energy of linear deformation stage and their Hilbert spectral analysis figure.
Fig. 7 is test specimen of the present invention at the acoustic emission energy in nonlinear deformation stage and their Hilbert spectral analysis figure.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1: under loading a kind of hard brittle material high/low temperature provided by the invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and concrete example, mechanical characteristic and damage measure of the change system are described in detail.
Measuring system comprises: the coupling of mechanical property testing device, temperature stress charger, acoustic emission signal pick-up unit and image acquisition device; Image acquisition device is positioned at the side of temperature stress coupling charger, and mechanical property testing device and the acoustic emission signal pick-up unit charger that is coupled with temperature stress is respectively connected.
Described mechanical property testing device: the computer system of a high intelligence, can the stress of experiment with computing test specimen automatically, and strain, can control the temperature of high and low temperature environment case, can the manipulation charger of safe ready; More intelligent compared with existing mechanical property testing device, operation is more simple, safer, more can save manpower.
Described temperature stress coupling charger: be made up of the charger of the high and low temperature environment case and electro-hydraulic servo with transparent wall, charger can load while environmental cabinet work, achieves being coupled of temperature field and stress field; Environmental cabinet has transparent wall, facilitates image acquisition device to gather image.
Described acoustic emission signal harvester: adopt Hilbert-Huang transform to analyze acoustic emission signal by the acoustic emission signal in the PCI-2 acoustic emission harvester capturing material process of the test of the U.S.; Higher with existing acoustic emission harvester phase specific sensitivity, and the post-processing approach of Hilbert-Huang transform than the wavelet transformation of the employing of present stage or Fourier transformation method analysis more accurate, more comprehensively.
Described image acquisition device: be made up of the symmetrical light sources of high-speed camera and material test specimen both sides, and adopt digital image correlation technique to carry out displacement field and Strain field analysis to the image collected, present stage hard brittle material Experimental Mechanics employing strains electric measuring method and various optical measurement method, in contrast, the apparatus and method precision that the present invention adopts is higher, can measurement of full field be used for, apply wider.
Measuring method, specifically comprises the steps:
Step one: the test specimen needed for preparation experiment, rock sample;
Step 2: arrange the position of high and low temperature environment case on loading system, be attached to by calibrate AE sensor above fixture pressure head, and bond with coupling agent for medical use, makes its signal transmission good;
Step 3: high-speed camera is aimed at surface of test piece, makes shooting face and camera lens keeping parallelism, and at device two light sources of the both sides symmetry of test specimen, makes shooting effect more clear;
Step 4: load when keeping temperature constant residing for test specimen, load with constant speed, loading speed is 0.05mm/min; While carrying out loading, carry out acoustic emission signal collection and high-speed camera start to take pictures simultaneously; After test specimen loads unstable failure, continue the time of 3 ~ 5 seconds again, then stop acoustic emission signal collection, also stop taking pictures;
Step 5: by the acoustic emission signal gathered in whole experimentation, high-definition image and Mechanical loading system data measured carry out aftertreatment; Comprise: the extraction of (1) acoustic emission signal and conversion; (2) aftertreatment of the test specimen destructive process image of high speed camera shooting.
The extraction of described acoustic emission signal and conversion: acoustic emission signal is carried out extraction and chosen effective energy signal as acoustic emission signal parameter, again acoustic emission signal and acoustic emission signal parameter signal are carried out Hilbert-Huang transform, Hilbert-Huang transform comprises empirical mode decomposition and Hilbert spectral analysis.
The aftertreatment of the test specimen destructive process image of described high speed camera shooting: the high definition photo of high-speed camera shooting carries out photosensitive process, make photo unified under consistent intensity of illumination, then utilize digital image correlation technique to calculate inside MATLAB, obtain the displacement field in test specimen region and strain field.
Claims (8)
1. hard brittle material high/low temperature loads lower mechanical characteristic and a damage measure of the change system, it is characterized in that: measuring system comprises: the coupling of mechanical property testing device, temperature stress charger, acoustic emission signal pick-up unit and image acquisition device; Image acquisition device is positioned at the side of temperature stress coupling charger, and mechanical property testing device and the acoustic emission signal pick-up unit charger that is coupled with temperature stress is respectively connected.
2. hard brittle material high/low temperature according to claim 1 loads lower mechanical characteristic and damage measure of the change system, it is characterized in that: described mechanical property testing device: a computer system, full-scale digital controls, can the stress of experiment with computing test specimen, strain automatically, the temperature of high and low temperature environment case can be controlled, can the manipulation charger of safe ready.
3. hard brittle material high/low temperature according to claim 1 loads lower mechanical characteristic and damage measure of the change system, it is characterized in that: described temperature stress coupling charger: be made up of the charger of the high and low temperature environment case and electro-hydraulic servo with transparent wall, charger can load while environmental cabinet work, achieves being coupled of temperature field and stress field; Environmental cabinet has transparent wall, facilitates image acquisition device to gather image.
4. hard brittle material high/low temperature according to claim 1 loads lower mechanical characteristic and damage measure of the change system, it is characterized in that: described acoustic emission signal harvester: adopt Hilbert-Huang transform to analyze acoustic emission signal by the acoustic emission signal in the PCI-2 acoustic emission harvester capturing material process of the test of the U.S..
5. hard brittle material high/low temperature according to claim 1 loads lower mechanical characteristic and damage measure of the change system, it is characterized in that: described image acquisition device: be made up of the symmetrical light sources of high-speed camera and material test specimen both sides, and adopt digital image correlation technique to carry out displacement field and Strain field analysis to the image collected.
6. hard brittle material high/low temperature loads lower mechanical characteristic and a damage variation measuring method, it is characterized in that: measuring method, specifically comprises the steps:
Step one: the test specimen needed for preparation experiment;
Step 2: arrange the position of high and low temperature environment case on loading system, be attached to by calibrate AE sensor above fixture pressure head, and bond with coupling agent for medical use, makes its signal transmission good;
Step 3: high-speed camera is aimed at surface of test piece, makes shooting face and camera lens keeping parallelism, and at device two light sources of the both sides symmetry of test specimen, makes shooting effect more clear;
Step 4: load when keeping temperature constant residing for test specimen, load with constant speed, the collection and the high-speed camera that carry out acoustic emission signal while carrying out loading start to take pictures simultaneously; After test specimen loads unstable failure, continue the time of 3 ~ 5 seconds again, then stop acoustic emission signal collection, also stop taking pictures;
Step 5: by the acoustic emission signal gathered in whole experimentation, high-definition image and mechanical property testing device data measured carry out aftertreatment; Comprise: the extraction of (1) acoustic emission signal and conversion; (2) aftertreatment of the test specimen destructive process image of high speed camera shooting.
7. a kind of hard brittle material high/low temperature according to claim 6 loads lower mechanical characteristic and damage variation measuring method, it is characterized in that: the extraction of described acoustic emission signal and conversion: acoustic emission signal is carried out extraction and chosen effective energy signal as acoustic emission signal parameter, again acoustic emission signal and acoustic emission signal parameter signal are carried out Hilbert-Huang transform, Hilbert-Huang transform comprises empirical mode decomposition and Hilbert spectral analysis.
8. a kind of hard brittle material high/low temperature according to claim 6 loads lower mechanical characteristic and damage variation measuring method, it is characterized in that: the aftertreatment of the test specimen destructive process image of described high speed camera shooting: the high definition photo of high-speed camera shooting carries out photosensitive process, make photo unified under consistent intensity of illumination, then utilize digital image correlation technique to calculate inside MATLAB, obtain the displacement field in test specimen region and strain field.
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